US6163205A - Charge pump - Google Patents

Charge pump Download PDF

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Publication number
US6163205A
US6163205A US09/186,266 US18626698A US6163205A US 6163205 A US6163205 A US 6163205A US 18626698 A US18626698 A US 18626698A US 6163205 A US6163205 A US 6163205A
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oscillator
capacitors
disk capacitors
disk
outputs
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US09/186,266
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Gerhard Fiedler
Wolfgang Rentz
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/06—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using resistors or capacitors, e.g. potential divider
    • H02M3/07—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using resistors or capacitors, e.g. potential divider using capacitors charged and discharged alternately by semiconductor devices with control electrode, e.g. charge pumps

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a charge pump to generate a voltage (overvoltage) greater than the supply voltage.
  • German Patent No. 43 24 855 C1 describes a charge pump having two-stage triggering in that two pump halves, each having a disk capacitor, are triggered via an oscillator. The two disk capacitors are triggered with an approximately 180° phase shift. Fundamental frequencies, resulting in interference radiation, are superimposed on the voltage signals due to a delay as the oscillator is switched over. In order to eliminate this interference radiation, an additional backup capacitor is needed which is also connected to the supply voltage as an interference suppressing capacitor.
  • the charge pump according to the present invention has the advantage that overvoltage can be provided without additional interference suppressing means. Due to the fact that the oscillator circuit includes an R-C phase shifter oscillator, three sinusoidal output signals, phase-shifted by 120°, are obtained at its outputs, the outputs are connected to the disk capacitors via a switching means preferably designed as a differential voltage current amplifier, and the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) interference radiation is strongly reduced, since output signals shifted by 120° can very accurately be obtained using the phase shifter oscillator, so that the fundamental frequency components produced by the delays can be almost fully eliminated. In addition, in the case of three phase-shifted signals, at no time do all three signals go through a point of inflection in the characteristic curve. Thus no additional interference (suppression) means need to be installed for the charge pump.
  • EMC electromagnetic compatibility
  • the second terminals of the disk capacitors are connected, via a bridge rectifier, to a node that is at output pump voltage.
  • a smoothed pump voltage with a minimized interfering current peak component is thus obtained via the preferably three-phase bridge rectification.
  • the bridge rectifier is also connected to the supply voltage via a current source, the appearance of interfering current peaks in the charge pump lead can be prevented if the charge phases of at least two of the disk capacitors overlap.
  • FIG. 1 shows a circuit arrangement of a charge pump.
  • FIG. 2 shows a circuit arrangement of a phase shifter oscillator of the charge pump.
  • FIG. 1 shows the circuit arrangement of a charge pump 10.
  • the charge pump includes a phase shifter oscillator 12, at whose input BF there is a supply voltage (operating voltage) U and at whose LOW input there is a reference voltage U REF .
  • Reference voltage U REF smoothes fluctuations in operating voltage U, so that phase shifter oscillator 12 is operated using a stabilized voltage.
  • Phase shifter oscillator 12 receives a reference current I REF via a reference current source 14.
  • Reference current source 14 is coupled to phase shifter oscillator 12 via a current balancing circuit 16, so that a reference current I REF of reference current source 14 is identical to reference current I REF of phase shifter oscillator 12.
  • phase shifter oscillator 12 illustrated in FIG. 2 is constituted by "R"-C combinations formed by capacitors C 1 , C 2 , and C 3 , as well as three differential voltage-current amplifiers 20, 20', and 20" connected in series and back-coupled via a connecting lead 18.
  • Differential voltage-current amplifiers 20 are wired so that they represent the high-resistance resistor ("R").
  • An output current I OUT at outputs OUT1, OUT2, and OUT3 results from the equation:
  • x is a constant (transconductance of the differential voltage current amplifier)
  • U OUT is the output voltage
  • U IN is the input voltage of the differential voltage current amplifiers.
  • Reference current I REF forms the reference input for a quadrature-axis current component of the difference pair of the differential voltage current amplifiers.
  • Outputs OUT1, OUT2, and OUT3 are connected to the respective inputs of differential voltage current amplifiers 22, 22', and 22".
  • Operating voltage U and reference voltage U REF are applied to differential voltage current amplifiers 22, 22', and 22" via signal lead LOW.
  • differential voltage current amplifiers 22, 22', and 22" receive a reference current via terminals that are not shown.
  • the outputs of differential voltage current amplifiers 22, 22', and 22" are connected to first terminals of disk capacitors C 4 , C 5 , and C 6 , respectively.
  • the second terminals of disk capacitors C 4 , C 5 , and C 6 are connected to a three-phase bridge rectifier 24, at whose output terminal C POUT pump voltage U p (overvoltage) is applied.
  • Bridge rectifier 24 is also connected to operating voltage U via a current source 26.
  • Disk capacitors C 4 , C 5 , and C 6 are triggered by the three sinusoidal output signals with a 120° phase shift via differential voltage current amplifiers 22, 22', and 22", respectively. Depending on the point in time when the phase-shifted output signals are generated, disk capacitors C 4 , C 5 , and C 6 are charged or discharged. Depending on the voltage difference, applied to differential voltage current amplifiers 22, between a reference voltage and the output signals delivered from outputs OUT1, OUT2, and OUT3 of phase shifter oscillator 12, a positive or negative charge current of disk capacitors C 4 , C 5 , and C 6 is obtained.
  • bridge rectifier 24 receives a constant current from current source 26, resulting in a smoothed pump voltage UP. Due to the fact that the current peaks are eliminated due to the decoupling of outputs OUT1, OUT2, and OUT3 from disk capacitors C 4 , C 5 , and C 6 via differential voltage current amplifiers 22, 22', 22", the appearance of undesirable current peaks can be avoided.
  • capacitors C 1 , C 2 , C 3 can have a capacitance of approximately 4 to 10 pF depending on the frequency, and capacitors C 4 , C 5 , and C 6 can have a capacitance of approximately 20 to 100 pF depending on the required load current at output terminal C POUT .

Abstract

A charge pump, to generate a voltage (overvoltage) greater than the supply voltage, includes disk capacitors triggered via an oscillator circuit, the first terminals of the disk capacitors being connected to the oscillator circuit and their second terminals being wired together in a node to which the overvoltage is applied. The oscillator circuit includes an R-C phase shifter oscillator at whose outputs three output signals, phase shifted 120°, are applied, and the outputs are connected to disk capacitors via differential voltage current amplifiers.

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a charge pump to generate a voltage (overvoltage) greater than the supply voltage.
BACKGROUND INFORMATION
Charge pumps are known and are used to supply individual components of a circuit arrangement with a voltage greater than the supply voltage (operating voltage). German Patent No. 43 24 855 C1 describes a charge pump having two-stage triggering in that two pump halves, each having a disk capacitor, are triggered via an oscillator. The two disk capacitors are triggered with an approximately 180° phase shift. Fundamental frequencies, resulting in interference radiation, are superimposed on the voltage signals due to a delay as the oscillator is switched over. In order to eliminate this interference radiation, an additional backup capacitor is needed which is also connected to the supply voltage as an interference suppressing capacitor.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The charge pump according to the present invention has the advantage that overvoltage can be provided without additional interference suppressing means. Due to the fact that the oscillator circuit includes an R-C phase shifter oscillator, three sinusoidal output signals, phase-shifted by 120°, are obtained at its outputs, the outputs are connected to the disk capacitors via a switching means preferably designed as a differential voltage current amplifier, and the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) interference radiation is strongly reduced, since output signals shifted by 120° can very accurately be obtained using the phase shifter oscillator, so that the fundamental frequency components produced by the delays can be almost fully eliminated. In addition, in the case of three phase-shifted signals, at no time do all three signals go through a point of inflection in the characteristic curve. Thus no additional interference (suppression) means need to be installed for the charge pump.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the second terminals of the disk capacitors are connected, via a bridge rectifier, to a node that is at output pump voltage. A smoothed pump voltage with a minimized interfering current peak component is thus obtained via the preferably three-phase bridge rectification. In particular, if the bridge rectifier is also connected to the supply voltage via a current source, the appearance of interfering current peaks in the charge pump lead can be prevented if the charge phases of at least two of the disk capacitors overlap.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 shows a circuit arrangement of a charge pump.
FIG. 2 shows a circuit arrangement of a phase shifter oscillator of the charge pump.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
FIG. 1 shows the circuit arrangement of a charge pump 10. The charge pump includes a phase shifter oscillator 12, at whose input BF there is a supply voltage (operating voltage) U and at whose LOW input there is a reference voltage UREF. Reference voltage UREF smoothes fluctuations in operating voltage U, so that phase shifter oscillator 12 is operated using a stabilized voltage. Phase shifter oscillator 12 receives a reference current IREF via a reference current source 14. Reference current source 14 is coupled to phase shifter oscillator 12 via a current balancing circuit 16, so that a reference current IREF of reference current source 14 is identical to reference current IREF of phase shifter oscillator 12.
The circuit design of phase shifter oscillator 12 illustrated in FIG. 2 is constituted by "R"-C combinations formed by capacitors C1, C2, and C3, as well as three differential voltage- current amplifiers 20, 20', and 20" connected in series and back-coupled via a connecting lead 18. Differential voltage-current amplifiers 20 are wired so that they represent the high-resistance resistor ("R"). An output current IOUT at outputs OUT1, OUT2, and OUT3 results from the equation:
I.sub.OUT =X(U.sub.OUT -U.sub.IN)
where x is a constant (transconductance of the differential voltage current amplifier), UOUT is the output voltage, and UIN is the input voltage of the differential voltage current amplifiers. Reference current IREF forms the reference input for a quadrature-axis current component of the difference pair of the differential voltage current amplifiers.
With the circuit arrangement according to FIG. 2, three sinusoidal output signals, phase shifted by 120°, are obtained at outputs OUT1, OUT2, and OUT3.
Outputs OUT1, OUT2, and OUT3 are connected to the respective inputs of differential voltage current amplifiers 22, 22', and 22". Operating voltage U and reference voltage UREF are applied to differential voltage current amplifiers 22, 22', and 22" via signal lead LOW. Furthermore, differential voltage current amplifiers 22, 22', and 22" receive a reference current via terminals that are not shown. The outputs of differential voltage current amplifiers 22, 22', and 22" are connected to first terminals of disk capacitors C4, C5, and C6, respectively. The second terminals of disk capacitors C4, C5, and C6 are connected to a three-phase bridge rectifier 24, at whose output terminal CPOUT pump voltage Up (overvoltage) is applied. Bridge rectifier 24 is also connected to operating voltage U via a current source 26.
Disk capacitors C4, C5, and C6 are triggered by the three sinusoidal output signals with a 120° phase shift via differential voltage current amplifiers 22, 22', and 22", respectively. Depending on the point in time when the phase-shifted output signals are generated, disk capacitors C4, C5, and C6 are charged or discharged. Depending on the voltage difference, applied to differential voltage current amplifiers 22, between a reference voltage and the output signals delivered from outputs OUT1, OUT2, and OUT3 of phase shifter oscillator 12, a positive or negative charge current of disk capacitors C4, C5, and C6 is obtained.
Overlaps in the charge phases of disk capacitors C4, C5, and C6 are obtained due to the output signals, shifted 120°, of phase shifter oscillator 12, so that two of the disk capacitors C4, C5, and C6 are always being charged or discharged simultaneously. In order to avoid current peaks generated thereby, bridge rectifier 24 receives a constant current from current source 26, resulting in a smoothed pump voltage UP. Due to the fact that the current peaks are eliminated due to the decoupling of outputs OUT1, OUT2, and OUT3 from disk capacitors C4, C5, and C6 via differential voltage current amplifiers 22, 22', 22", the appearance of undesirable current peaks can be avoided. In a specific embodiment, capacitors C1, C2, C3 can have a capacitance of approximately 4 to 10 pF depending on the frequency, and capacitors C4, C5, and C6 can have a capacitance of approximately 20 to 100 pF depending on the required load current at output terminal CPOUT.

Claims (4)

What is claimed is:
1. A charge pump for generating an overvoltage greater than a supply voltage, comprising:
a plurality of disk capacitors, each of the disk capacitors having a second terminal, the second terminals being connected together in a node to which the overvoltage is applied;
a plurality of switching elements, wherein the switching elements include differential voltage current amplifiers; and
an oscillator circuit for triggering the disk capacitors, the oscillator circuit including an R-C phase shifter oscillator, the oscillator providing three output signals at three respective outputs of the oscillator, the three output signals being phase shifted by 120°, each of the outputs of the oscillator being coupled to a first terminal of a respective one of the disk capacitors through a respective one of the switching elements.
2. A charge pump for generating an overvoltage greater than a supply voltage, comprising:
a plurality of disk capacitors, each of the disk capacitors having a second terminal, the second terminals being connected together in a node to which the overvoltage is applied;
a plurality of switching elements;
an oscillator circuit for triggering the disk capacitors, the oscillator circuit including an R-C phase shifter oscillator, the oscillator providing three output signals at three respective outputs of the oscillator, the three output signals being phase shifted by 120°, each of the outputs of the oscillator being coupled to a first terminal of a respective one of the disk capacitors through a respective one of the switching elements;
wherein the oscillator includes differential voltage current amplifiers configured as high-resistance resistors, the amplifiers together with further capacitors forming R-C elements associated with the outputs of the oscillator.
3. A charge pump for generating an overvoltage greater than a supply voltage, comprising:
a plurality of disk capacitors, each of the disk capacitors having a second terminal, the second terminals being connected together in a node to which the overvoltage is applied;
a plurality of switching elements;
an oscillator circuit for triggering the disk capacitors, the oscillator circuit including an R-C phase shifter oscillator, the oscillator providing three output signals at three respective outputs of the oscillator, the three output signals being phase shifted by 120°, each of the outputs of the oscillator being coupled to a first terminal of a respective one of the disk capacitors through a respective one of the switching elements; and
a bridge rectifier connecting the second terminals of the disk capacitors to the node.
4. The charge pump according to claim 3, further comprising a current source connecting the bridge rectifier to the supply voltage.
US09/186,266 1997-11-04 1998-11-04 Charge pump Expired - Lifetime US6163205A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19748577 1997-11-04
DE19748577A DE19748577C1 (en) 1997-11-04 1997-11-04 Charge pump circuit arrangement for step-up voltage converter

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US6163205A true US6163205A (en) 2000-12-19

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DE (1) DE19748577C1 (en)
FR (1) FR2770698B1 (en)
IT (1) IT1303696B1 (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20150015324A1 (en) * 2013-07-15 2015-01-15 Infineon Technologies Ag Circuitry, multi-branch charge pump, method for controlling a charge pump and system

Citations (9)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4433253A (en) * 1981-12-10 1984-02-21 Standard Microsystems Corporation Three-phase regulated high-voltage charge pump
US4962512A (en) * 1987-06-26 1990-10-09 Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha Step-up circuit
US5029063A (en) * 1989-03-25 1991-07-02 Eurosil Electronic Gmbh MOSFET multiplying circuit
US5036229A (en) * 1989-07-18 1991-07-30 Gazelle Microcircuits, Inc. Low ripple bias voltage generator
US5216588A (en) * 1992-02-14 1993-06-01 Catalyst Semiconductor, Inc. Charge pump with high output current
US5280420A (en) * 1992-10-02 1994-01-18 National Semiconductor Corporation Charge pump which operates on a low voltage power supply
US5483434A (en) * 1992-01-14 1996-01-09 Seesink; Petrus H. High voltage generator having output current control
US5748032A (en) * 1995-10-25 1998-05-05 Lg Semicon Co., Ltd. Charge pumping circuit for generating a high output voltage
US5874850A (en) * 1994-08-12 1999-02-23 Stmicroelectronics S.R.L. Mos voltage elevator of the charge pump type

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JPS5236263B2 (en) * 1972-07-12 1977-09-14
DE3233248A1 (en) * 1982-09-08 1984-03-08 Licentia Patent-Verwaltungs-Gmbh, 6000 Frankfurt Circuit for an on-board charging apparatus for charging a battery of an electric vehicle
JPS6082061A (en) * 1983-10-07 1985-05-10 Nippon Telegr & Teleph Corp <Ntt> Switched capacitor transformer
US5057707A (en) * 1989-07-05 1991-10-15 Motorola, Inc. Charge pump including feedback circuitry for eliminating the requirement of a separate oscillator
US5124904A (en) * 1990-08-17 1992-06-23 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Optimized 18-pulse type AC/DC, or DC/AC, converter system
JP2858497B2 (en) * 1992-01-31 1999-02-17 日本電気株式会社 Semiconductor integrated circuit
JPH0613825A (en) * 1992-06-24 1994-01-21 Clarion Co Ltd Automatic gain control circuit
US5444357A (en) * 1993-02-26 1995-08-22 Avionic Instruments, Inc. Method and apparatus for three-phase voltage doubling
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JPH0819248A (en) * 1994-06-24 1996-01-19 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Constant potential generator

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4433253A (en) * 1981-12-10 1984-02-21 Standard Microsystems Corporation Three-phase regulated high-voltage charge pump
US4962512A (en) * 1987-06-26 1990-10-09 Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha Step-up circuit
US5029063A (en) * 1989-03-25 1991-07-02 Eurosil Electronic Gmbh MOSFET multiplying circuit
US5036229A (en) * 1989-07-18 1991-07-30 Gazelle Microcircuits, Inc. Low ripple bias voltage generator
US5483434A (en) * 1992-01-14 1996-01-09 Seesink; Petrus H. High voltage generator having output current control
US5216588A (en) * 1992-02-14 1993-06-01 Catalyst Semiconductor, Inc. Charge pump with high output current
US5280420A (en) * 1992-10-02 1994-01-18 National Semiconductor Corporation Charge pump which operates on a low voltage power supply
US5874850A (en) * 1994-08-12 1999-02-23 Stmicroelectronics S.R.L. Mos voltage elevator of the charge pump type
US5748032A (en) * 1995-10-25 1998-05-05 Lg Semicon Co., Ltd. Charge pumping circuit for generating a high output voltage

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20150015324A1 (en) * 2013-07-15 2015-01-15 Infineon Technologies Ag Circuitry, multi-branch charge pump, method for controlling a charge pump and system
US9130451B2 (en) * 2013-07-15 2015-09-08 Infineon Technologies Ag Circuitry, multi-branch charge pump, method for controlling a charge pump and system

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ITMI982368A1 (en) 2000-05-03
FR2770698B1 (en) 2000-09-01
FR2770698A1 (en) 1999-05-07
DE19748577C1 (en) 1999-01-21
IT1303696B1 (en) 2001-02-23
JPH11202959A (en) 1999-07-30
JP4499207B2 (en) 2010-07-07

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