US6615026B1 - Portable telephone with directional transmission antenna - Google Patents
Portable telephone with directional transmission antenna Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US6615026B1 US6615026B1 US09/241,623 US24162399A US6615026B1 US 6615026 B1 US6615026 B1 US 6615026B1 US 24162399 A US24162399 A US 24162399A US 6615026 B1 US6615026 B1 US 6615026B1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- portable telephone
- antenna
- radio frequency
- metallic shield
- user
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
- H04B1/38—Transceivers, i.e. devices in which transmitter and receiver form a structural unit and in which at least one part is used for functions of transmitting and receiving
- H04B1/3827—Portable transceivers
- H04B1/3833—Hand-held transceivers
- H04B1/3838—Arrangements for reducing RF exposure to the user, e.g. by changing the shape of the transceiver while in use
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
- H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
- H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
- H01Q1/241—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM
- H01Q1/242—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for hand-held use
- H01Q1/245—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for hand-held use with means for shaping the antenna pattern, e.g. in order to protect user against rf exposure
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/52—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
- H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
- H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
- H01Q19/104—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces using a substantially flat reflector for deflecting the radiated beam, e.g. periscopic antennas
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
- H04B1/38—Transceivers, i.e. devices in which transmitter and receiver form a structural unit and in which at least one part is used for functions of transmitting and receiving
- H04B1/3827—Portable transceivers
- H04B1/3888—Arrangements for carrying or protecting transceivers
Definitions
- the present invention relates generally to the field of portable telephones. More particularly, it relates to a portable telephone with improvements for directing the radiated power away from the telephone user's head.
- cellular telephones and cordless telephones are widely used.
- concerns have been expressed about the health effects of long term exposure to the energy radiated by portable telephones.
- a cellular telephone or cordless telephone uses frequencies in the VHF to microwave range to reach a base station, which then relays communications through a telecommunications network to a destination.
- Each telephone relies on a transmission antenna that radiates energy outwardly in all directions. Because this antenna is held very close to the user's head, a significant portion of the radiated energy passes through the head on its way to the base station.
- One estimate places the power absorbed by the head at as high as 50% of the total radiated power.
- a portable telephone can more efficiently direct radiation into a wide angle away from the user's head.
- This patent discloses a mobile communicator, such as a cellular telephone, in which the energy radiated by the transmission antenna in the direction of the user's head is attenuated by a ground electrode pattern on an internal circuit board.
- the transmission antenna comprises a miniature surface-mounted antenna on a circuit board.
- the opposite side of the circuit board has a ground electrode pattern covering an area that extends beyond the outline of the antenna.
- the present invention provides an improved method of shielding the user of a portable telephone from the energy radiated by the transmission antenna.
- the telephone employs an internal transmission antenna, and a metallic surface is interposed between the antenna and the user's head.
- the metallic surface is spaced apart from the radiating element of the transmission antenna by one-quarter of the effective wavelength, so as to maximize the reflection of energy away from the user's head.
- the metallic surface is preferably non-planar to disperse the reflected radiation over a wider area than would be the case with a planar surface.
- a pair of spaced-apart planar array transmission antennas are used to preferentially steer the radiated power away from the telephone user's head.
- FIG. 1 diagrammatically illustrates a portable telephone 10 constructed in accordance with the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a partial cross-sectional view taken through line x—x in FIG. 1 of a first embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 3 is a partial cross-sectional view taken through line x—x in FIG. 1 of a second embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 4 is a partial cross-sectional view taken through line x—x in FIG. 1 of a third embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 5 illustrates a fourth embodiment of the invention employing dual phased array transmission antennas.
- FIG. 1 illustrates a portable telephone 10 constructed in accordance with the present invention.
- a transmission antenna 12 is disposed within the body of telephone 10 .
- antenna 12 is a single dipole; however, the invention is not limited in this regard, and other types of transmission antennas may be utilized.
- a separate receive antenna 20 may be employed, or antenna 12 may be utilized for both transmission and reception.
- a metallic surface 14 is interposed between transmission antenna 12 and the telephone user's head 16 . Metallic surface 14 reflects energy radiated by antenna 12 away from the user's head.
- Telephone 10 preferably includes a radiation monitor 22 on a portion of the telephone body where the shielding effect of metallic surface 14 is maximized.
- Radiation monitor 22 provides a visual indication that the radiated power at the monitor, and thus at the user's head, is below a level that may adversely affect the health of the user.
- the spacing between antenna 12 and metallic surface 14 is one-quarter of the electromagnetic wavelength so that reflection of the radiated energy is maximized, thereby maximizing the shielding effect for the user.
- a spacing of one-quarter of the wavelength would increase the dimensions of telephone 10 to an unacceptable degree. Therefore, a dielectric material 18 is placed between antenna 12 and metallic surface 14 .
- a dielectric is a material consisting of electric dipoles which oscillate under the influence of an external electromagnetic wave and reradiate the wave.
- the net effect is to reduce the wavelength of an electromagnetic wave by the square root of the dielectric constant.
- the effective wavelength inside the space containing the dielectric is ⁇ fraction (1/10) ⁇ of the free space wavelength.
- the requirement for a separation of 1 ⁇ 4 the electromagnetic wavelength in the medium can be more easily satisfied.
- the transmission frequency of a portable telephone is 1 GHz
- 1 ⁇ 4 of the wavelength is 7.5 cm.
- 1 ⁇ 4 of the effective wavelength becomes 0.75 cm, and such a spacing can be easily accommodated in an otherwise conventional portable telephone.
- Suitable dielectric materials include a variety of substances, such as ceramics, mica and Mylar.
- the substance used can be light in weight so that the overall weight of the cellular or cordless telephone does not increase.
- Metallic surface 14 is preferably non-planar so that the electromagnetic waves radiated by antenna 12 are reflected into a widely scattered area.
- the non-planar surface causes reflections of radiation from a single dipole into a much wider area than a planar surface and a single dipole.
- Metallic surface 14 may be curved, as shown in FIG. 2, or may be folded as shown in FIG. 3 .
- metallic surface 14 is corrugated, as shown in FIG. 4 .
- Such a corrugated surface gives rise to many image dipoles, thereby providing a wide pattern of radiation.
- the particular shape and size of the corrugations is not critical, the objective being to disperse the reflected radiation as widely as possible.
- the corrugations are preferably of comparable size or smaller than the spacing to antenna 12 .
- FIG. 5 illustrates a portable telephone 30 which has dual planar arrays of radiating elements 32 and 34 .
- the radiation pattern can be controlled to propagate energy in a forward direction, away from the telephone user's head.
- Such active control of the antenna pattern offers significantly greater protection to the user in comparison to the passive methods previously described.
- active control of the antenna pattern allows the transmitted energy to be steered towards the cell station of a cellular telephone or base station of a cordless telephone.
- the antenna pattern can be scanned to seek the strongest signal.
- power can then be preferentially radiated in the direction of the remote station. Such capability is particularly useful at higher frequencies where the signals are more directional.
Abstract
Description
Claims (21)
Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US09/241,623 US6615026B1 (en) | 1999-02-01 | 1999-02-01 | Portable telephone with directional transmission antenna |
PCT/US1999/014295 WO2000045461A1 (en) | 1999-02-01 | 1999-06-23 | Portable telephone with directional transmission antenna |
AU48304/99A AU4830499A (en) | 1999-02-01 | 1999-06-23 | Portable telephone with directional transmission antenna |
US09/420,953 US6341217B1 (en) | 1999-02-01 | 1999-10-19 | Portable telephone with shielded transmission antenna |
TW089201770U TW456678U (en) | 1999-02-01 | 2000-01-31 | Screening device to be used in wireless phone |
CN00201423U CN2415465Y (en) | 1999-02-01 | 2000-02-01 | Portable phone with shielded transmitting antenna |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US09/241,623 US6615026B1 (en) | 1999-02-01 | 1999-02-01 | Portable telephone with directional transmission antenna |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US09/420,953 Continuation US6341217B1 (en) | 1999-02-01 | 1999-10-19 | Portable telephone with shielded transmission antenna |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US6615026B1 true US6615026B1 (en) | 2003-09-02 |
Family
ID=22911477
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US09/241,623 Expired - Lifetime US6615026B1 (en) | 1999-02-01 | 1999-02-01 | Portable telephone with directional transmission antenna |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6615026B1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU4830499A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2000045461A1 (en) |
Cited By (35)
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US20020058483A1 (en) * | 2000-11-13 | 2002-05-16 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Portable communiation terminal with reduced specific absorption rate |
US20020061734A1 (en) * | 2000-07-14 | 2002-05-23 | Hiroki Ito | Antenna device and portable radio communication device |
US20020160725A1 (en) * | 2000-12-27 | 2002-10-31 | Junichi Toyoda | Portable telephone |
US20030013490A1 (en) * | 2000-12-28 | 2003-01-16 | Hideaki Shoji | Terminal device |
US20030050094A1 (en) * | 2001-09-13 | 2003-03-13 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Wireless terminal |
US20030224738A1 (en) * | 2002-05-28 | 2003-12-04 | Nobuya Harano | Mobile wireless terminal |
US20040160378A1 (en) * | 2003-02-13 | 2004-08-19 | Abrams Ted A. | Radio frequency electromagnetic emissions shield |
US20040198264A1 (en) * | 2002-08-22 | 2004-10-07 | Ben Saur | Telephone radiation shielding devices |
US20040226836A1 (en) * | 2003-05-13 | 2004-11-18 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | SAR optimized receptacle for mobile devices |
US20050075150A1 (en) * | 2003-10-07 | 2005-04-07 | Kabushiki Kaisha Fine Rubber Kenkyuusho | Portable telephone |
US20050090299A1 (en) * | 2003-10-22 | 2005-04-28 | Kuo-Wei Tsao | Mobile phone capable of reducing an electromagnetic specific absorption rate in human bodies |
US20050159195A1 (en) * | 2002-02-06 | 2005-07-21 | Stefan Huber | Radio communication device and printed board comprising at least one current-conducting correction element |
US6957051B1 (en) * | 2000-09-29 | 2005-10-18 | Avaya Technology Corp. | Apparatus for local reduction of electromagnetic field using an active shield and method thereof |
US20060105799A1 (en) * | 2002-12-25 | 2006-05-18 | Nec Corporation | Portable telephone |
US7065379B1 (en) * | 1999-07-02 | 2006-06-20 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Portable radio terminal equipment having conductor for preventing radiation loss |
US20070196088A1 (en) * | 2006-02-21 | 2007-08-23 | Quanta Computer Inc. | Electronic device capable of preventing an electromagnetic signal radiated by an antenna thereof from being attenuated thereby |
ES2301302A1 (en) * | 2005-10-20 | 2008-06-16 | Avramuti Florin-Romeo | Microwave reflecting panel comprises box mounted on motherboard or mobile phone antenna, where microwaves produced by antenna are reflected in opposite direction to user |
US20100113111A1 (en) * | 2008-11-06 | 2010-05-06 | Wong Alfred Y | Radiation Redirecting External Case For Portable Communication Device and Antenna Embedded In Battery of Portable Communication Device |
US20100234081A1 (en) * | 2009-03-13 | 2010-09-16 | Wong Alfred Y | Rf radiation redirection away from portable communication device user |
US20110157859A1 (en) * | 2009-12-28 | 2011-06-30 | Lehmann Harry V | Method and system to shield mobile phones and devices to minimize radiation exposure |
US8907847B2 (en) | 2012-05-02 | 2014-12-09 | Hing S. Tong | Directional antenna system for portable communication device |
US8957813B2 (en) | 2009-03-13 | 2015-02-17 | Pong Research Corporation | External case for redistribution of RF radiation away from wireless communication device user and wireless communication device incorporating RF radiation redistribution elements |
US9112257B2 (en) | 2011-08-31 | 2015-08-18 | Industrial Technology Research Institute | Communication device and method for enhancing impedance bandwidth of antenna thereof |
US9124679B2 (en) | 2010-09-22 | 2015-09-01 | Mojoose, Inc. | Sleeve with electronic extensions for a cell phone |
US9172134B2 (en) | 2008-11-06 | 2015-10-27 | Antenna79, Inc. | Protective cover for a wireless device |
US9337530B1 (en) | 2011-05-24 | 2016-05-10 | Protek Innovations Llc | Cover for converting electromagnetic radiation in electronic devices |
US9425495B2 (en) | 2013-02-01 | 2016-08-23 | Michael Clyde Walker | Active antenna ceiling tile |
US9564680B2 (en) | 2009-12-28 | 2017-02-07 | Green Swan, Inc. | Removable and Replaceable Sound Tunnel Shell |
US9627772B2 (en) | 2009-09-16 | 2017-04-18 | Michael Clyde Walker | Passive repeater for wireless communications |
US9634709B2 (en) | 2014-09-04 | 2017-04-25 | Apple Inc. | Removable electronic device case with supplemental antenna element |
US9654164B2 (en) | 2015-04-14 | 2017-05-16 | Apple Inc. | Removable electronic device case with supplemental wireless circuitry |
US9742060B2 (en) | 2014-08-06 | 2017-08-22 | Michael Clyde Walker | Ceiling assembly with integrated repeater antenna |
US9838060B2 (en) | 2011-11-02 | 2017-12-05 | Antenna79, Inc. | Protective cover for a wireless device |
US20200112927A1 (en) * | 2018-10-09 | 2020-04-09 | Qualcomm Incorporated | System and method for reporting energy related to transmission |
US11057130B2 (en) | 2017-01-02 | 2021-07-06 | Mojoose, Inc. | Automatic signal strength indicator and automatic antenna switch |
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JP2001274717A (en) * | 2000-03-24 | 2001-10-05 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Portable wireless device |
DE10035623A1 (en) * | 2000-07-21 | 2002-02-07 | Siemens Ag | Device for transmitting and / or receiving electromagnetic waves and method for producing the device |
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- 1999-02-01 US US09/241,623 patent/US6615026B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-06-23 WO PCT/US1999/014295 patent/WO2000045461A1/en active Application Filing
- 1999-06-23 AU AU48304/99A patent/AU4830499A/en not_active Abandoned
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