US6731305B1 - Camera system which records camera identification in image file - Google Patents
Camera system which records camera identification in image file Download PDFInfo
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- US6731305B1 US6731305B1 US09/904,390 US90439001A US6731305B1 US 6731305 B1 US6731305 B1 US 6731305B1 US 90439001 A US90439001 A US 90439001A US 6731305 B1 US6731305 B1 US 6731305B1
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- image capture
- images
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- panorama
- image
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N17/00—Diagnosis, testing or measuring for television systems or their details
- H04N17/002—Diagnosis, testing or measuring for television systems or their details for television cameras
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
- H04N23/60—Control of cameras or camera modules
- H04N23/698—Control of cameras or camera modules for achieving an enlarged field of view, e.g. panoramic image capture
Definitions
- the present invention relates to photography and more particularly to digital cameras.
- Panoramic images are generally produced by seaming together a number of single view images. However, it is very difficult (if not impossible) to obtain a number of single view images which fit together exactly to form a panorama. In general the single view images must be modified slightly in order to make them fit together into a panorama.
- U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/602,290 filed Jun. 23, 2000 describes a program for interactively seaming a plurality of single view images into a panorama.
- the program described in application Ser. No. 09/602,290 allows an operator to modify the parameters of single view image such as heading, pitch, bank, offset, brightness and contrast so that the images will fit together to form a panoramic image.
- U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/338,790 filed Jun. 23, 1999 entitled “System for Digitally Capturing and Recording Panoramic Movies” describes a system for capturing multiple single view images which can be later seamed into panoramas.
- the camera shown in application Ser. No. 09/338,790 includes six lenses each of which can capture a single view image.
- the images captured by the lenses are transmitted to a computer which places the images in files for later processing.
- An interactive seamer program such as that shown in patent application Ser. No. 09/602,290 can be used to process the images, that is, to seam the single view images into panoramas.
- U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/697,605 describes a system for calibrating a camera, that is, for determining the parameters of a particular camera that can be used to modify images taken by the camera so that images will fit together into a panorama.
- the present invention provides an improvement for a camera which has a plurality of subsystems that capture a plurality of single view images which together form a panorama.
- Factors such as the mechanical alignment of the image sensing devices, the field of view of the various lenses, the pincushion and skew of the lenses, and parallax errors, give each image capture subsystem its own special characteristics.
- the operation of seaming the images from such a camera into a panorama is facilitated if one knows the particular characteristics of the image capture subsystems which produced the images, that is, if one knows the modifications which must be made to images from the camera in order to seam the images into a panorama without artifacts.
- the present invention records the identification of the particular camera that produced a set of images along with the images produced by the camera.
- the characteristics of the particular camera are also recorded either in the camera or in a separate file.
- the program used to seam a set of single view image then has available information concerning the camera that produced the images and it can compensate for the characteristics of the particular image capture device that produced that particular images.
- FIG. 1A is a diagram of the overall system.
- FIG. 1B is a top view of the camera.
- FIG. 2 is an overall block circuit diagram of the system.
- FIG. 3 illustrates the file structures
- FIG. 4 is a block diagram of the computer.
- FIG. 5 is a program process flow diagram showing the operation of the system.
- FIG. 1 A An overall view of a first embodiment of the invention is shown in FIG. 1 A.
- the system includes a multi-lens camera 10 and a computer 20 .
- FIG. 1B is a top view of camera 10 which shows the lenses not visible in FIG. 1 A.
- the camera 10 includes six lenses 41 a to 41 f , one on each side of the cubic.
- a bus 10 c connects the camera 10 to the computer 20 .
- the bus 10 c transmits JPEG images from camera 10 to computer 20 and it transmits control signals bi-directionally between camera 10 and computer 20 .
- Bus 20 is a conventional bus such as the commercially available “Hotlink” bus. Other bus systems such as the bus system know as “fire wire” could alternately be used. As shown in FIG.
- the camera 10 includes image capture and compression circuitry 11 a to 11 f .
- One of the image capture and compression units 11 is associated with each of the lenses 41 a to 41 f .
- the camera 10 also includes an embedded controller 12 , and a bus controller 13 .
- the specific details of image capture and compression circuitry 11 a to 11 f , the embedded controller 12 , and the bus controller 13 are conventional and do not form a part of the present invention.
- An example of such circuitry is shown in co-pending application Ser. No. 09/338,790.
- Other similar optics and circuitry available in various electronic cameras can also be used to capture images.
- Image capture devices 11 a to 11 f provide a stream of digital JPEG images that are sent to the computer 20 via bus 10 c .
- Embedded controller 12 activates image capture devices 11 a to 11 f simultaneously to capture a set of single view images that can be seamed into a panorama.
- the image capture devices can be activated sequentially at a selected frame rate (for example, at 15 or 30 frames per second) to capture a series of set of images, each set constituting images that can be seamed into a panorama.
- the images are compressed and sent sequentially to computer 20 .
- Computer 20 provides control signals to camera 10 via bus 10 c .
- the control signals from computer 20 start and stop the operation of the camera and set control parameters such as frame rate, aperture, etc. This is done through embedded controller 12 in a conventional manner.
- each camera 10 that is manufactured has slightly different characteristics.
- the differences or anomalies can result from:
- the most elementary technique that can be used to eliminate artifacts created by seaming images together into a panorama is to (a) seam the images, (b) visually observe the artifacts (c) use and image editing program, such as Adobe Photoshop to edit or modify the individual single view images, and (d) then re-seam the modified images into a panorama. The process is repeated until the artifacts have been eliminated to the degree necessary.
- Co-pending application Ser. No. 09/602,290 filed Jun. 23, 2000 describes a computer program (called an interactive seaming program) that allows an operator to modify the single view images interactively as they are seamed.
- an interactive seaming program is now commercially available form iMove Inc. of Portland, Oreg.
- This program provides a tool that facilitates seaming together a number of single view images into a panorama.
- the individual single view images can be modified before they are seemed in order to eliminate artifacts in the seamed panorama.
- the seaming program allows an operator to enter parameters such as Heading, Pitch, Bank Length, Offset X, offset Y, Brightness and Contrast, for each image being seamed.
- the images are modified according to these parameters before they are seamed into a panorama. If when the panorama is viewed, artifacts are still present, the parameters can be modified and the process repeated until the artifacts are no longer visible.
- the values of the parameters such as Heading, Pitch, Bank Length, Offset X, offset Y, Brightness and Contrast which are appropriate for each particular single view image are at least in part dependent upon the particular image capture device that created the particular image.
- information concerning the particular camera that created a particular image can be advantageously used to facilitate seaming images from that particular camera.
- the present invention makes available to the seaming program the parameters needed to seam a particular set of images.
- the camera 10 includes an EPROM 14 .
- the EPROM 14 contains a camera ID (i.e. a serial number unique to each particular camera that is manufactured).
- the ID in EPROM 14 identifies a particular camera 10 . That is, each camera 10 that is manufactured is assigned (and has stored in EPROM 14 ) a unique serial number that identifies the particular camera.
- Computer 20 can send a control signal to embedded controller 12 that causes controller 12 to reads the ID from EPROM 14 and sends the ID to computer 20 .
- Computer 20 has a file assembly program 20 b .
- File assembly program 20 b assembles the JPEG images from camera 10 into files as shown in FIG. 3 .
- Each file includes a header with metadata 301 and a series of frames 302 a to 302 c . While only three frames are shown a typical file would include many more frames.
- Each frame contains six images 303 a to 303 f one from each image capture device 11 a to 11 f.
- the metadata 301 includes the conventional type of file header information, giving information such as the structure and length of the file. However, unlike prior art files of images, the metadata 301 also includes the ID of the camera that created the images. Thus, when the file of images is stored or transferred to another computer, the identity of the computer that created the images is available.
- Computer 20 also includes a control program 20 c , a memory device 20 d and conventional I-O.
- the computer 20 can also include the seaming program; however, in the first embodiment, the images are moved to a separate computer 400 (shown in FIG. 4) for seaming.
- the EPROM 14 merely includes a camera ID. As described later, in alternate embodiments, the EPROM 14 can also be used to store camera calibration parameters.
- FIG. 4 shows a computer 400 that includes a memory 401 , conventional IO devices 402 and a seaming program 403 .
- a table of camera characteristics 404 is also stored in computer 400 .
- Table 404 gives the camera characteristics associated with each camera ID, that is, table 404 gives the modifications or settings necessary to seam images from each camera.
- table 404 includes at least some of the parameters necessary to seam the mages from each particular camera into a panorama. How the data entered into this table is generated will be described later.
- Seaming program 403 c can for example be the Interactive Seaming program marketed by iMove Corporation (and which is described in patent application Ser. No. 09/602,290 filed Jun. 23, 2000).
- the operator in order to seam an image without artifacts, the operator must enter parameters that modify the various single view images. With the present invention, these parameters are established for each particular camera, and stored in table 404 . That is, for each particular camera ID table 404 gives the parameters necessary to seam images from that particular camera. Thus, since the identity of the camera that created a set of images is included in the header of the file that contains the images, the parameters necessary to seam a particular set of images are available to the seaming program 403 .
- the overall process is illustrated by the flow diagram in FIG. 5 .
- the characteristics of each camera are measured. This can be done off line. How the camera characteristics are measured forms no part of the present invention.
- the characteristics can, for example, be measured by taking a series of single view images with a particular camera, and then determining the parameters or settings for a seaming program that will result in panoramas which have a minimum number of artifacts (block 502 ).
- the settings so determined are then stored in table 404 as indicated by block 503 .
- the appropriate parameters necessary to seam images from a particular camera can be determined automatically as described in application serial number 09/697,605 filed Oct. 26, 2000 entitled “System and Method for Camera Calibration”.
- This calibration process is repeated for each camera that is manufactured.
- Each set of parameters will be associated with and stored with (or indexed to) a particular camera ID.
- the step indicated by block 506 is the actual operation of the camera.
- One or more sets of images are recorded using a particular camera.
- these images are put into a file such as that shown in FIG. 3 .
- the file so created is transferred to the computer that is to do the seaming as indicated by block 508 and the images and camera ID are accessed.
- the images are seamed using the parameters associated with the particular camera. That is, the parameters stored in table 404 for a particular camera are made available to the seaming program when images from that particular comer are being seamed. This can be done by displaying the parameters to the operator and having the operator enter the parameters into the seaming program. Alternatively the parameters can be automatically entered into the seaming program from the file header when the images from a file are entered into the seaming program.
- the operator of the seaming program may be able to use the stored parameters directly to do the seaming operation. In other situation, the operator would use the stored parameters as a starting place and make further modifications as necessary. In any event having parameters for the camera that created the images available, greatly simplifies the seaming operation.
- a simple program would read the appropriate camera parameters from table 404 and directly enter these parameters into the seaming program. The seaming operation could then proceed automatically without operator intervention. If artifacts are present in the resulting panorama, the operator can change the parameters and re-seam the images. The changes necessary can be recorded so that the program will “learn” and improve its performance as images are seamed.
- the seaming operation takes place in a separate computer 400 ; however, alternatively, the seaming operation could take place in the computer 20 .
- computer 20 would have a separate seaming program that would operate similar to seaming program 403 .
- each image file only a number or other indicia identifying the particular camera that recorded particular images is stored in each image file and the characteristics of each camera are stored in table 404 .
- the characteristics of each particular camera i.e. the parameters necessary to seam images from each particular camera
- the header of the file containing the images would have the actual parameters necessary to seam the particular images into a panorama.
- camera ID is meant to mean either a number or other indicia that identifies a particular camera or a set of camera characteristics that are peculiar to a particular camera.
- camera parameters and camera characteristics means the parameters needed to seam images from a particular camera.
- the particular parameters required will in general depend on the particular seaming program used. That is, the parameters determined in step 502 in FIG. 5, will be the parameters stored and used in the seaming operation 510 .
- the camera is inside of a structure such as for example a waterproof structure for underwater operation.
- a structure such as for example a waterproof structure for underwater operation.
- Such a structure would have ports or windows through which the cameras acquire images.
- Such a structure can change the calibration parameters and for best results, the camera must be calibrated (i.e. the parameters for seaming determined) while the camera is inside the structure.
- the camera 10 , the file assembly program 20 b and the memory 20 d are inside a single portable unit. Numerous different embodiments are possible with components assembled in different combinations in different units.
- image capture units 11 a to 11 f include compression circuits to compress the captured images. This facilitates transfer to the images to unit 10 c . Alternately, the compression can facilitate storage of the images inside unit 10 .
- EPROM 14 merely need be some type of identifying indicia that identifies a particular unit 10 .
- serial number is used to mean any type of indicia that can identify a particular unit.
Abstract
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Claims (25)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US09/904,390 US6731305B1 (en) | 2000-07-17 | 2001-07-12 | Camera system which records camera identification in image file |
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US21860400P | 2000-07-17 | 2000-07-17 | |
US09/697,605 US7050085B1 (en) | 2000-10-26 | 2000-10-26 | System and method for camera calibration |
US09/904,390 US6731305B1 (en) | 2000-07-17 | 2001-07-12 | Camera system which records camera identification in image file |
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US09/697,605 Continuation-In-Part US7050085B1 (en) | 1999-05-12 | 2000-10-26 | System and method for camera calibration |
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US09/904,390 Expired - Lifetime US6731305B1 (en) | 2000-07-17 | 2001-07-12 | Camera system which records camera identification in image file |
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