US7787778B2 - Control system for a polar optical transmitter - Google Patents
Control system for a polar optical transmitter Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US7787778B2 US7787778B2 US11/067,011 US6701105A US7787778B2 US 7787778 B2 US7787778 B2 US 7787778B2 US 6701105 A US6701105 A US 6701105A US 7787778 B2 US7787778 B2 US 7787778B2
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- signal
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- dither
- cost function
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- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 203
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- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 10
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Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/50—Transmitters
- H04B10/58—Compensation for non-linear transmitter output
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/50—Transmitters
- H04B10/501—Structural aspects
- H04B10/503—Laser transmitters
- H04B10/505—Laser transmitters using external modulation
- H04B10/5053—Laser transmitters using external modulation using a parallel, i.e. shunt, combination of modulators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/50—Transmitters
- H04B10/501—Structural aspects
- H04B10/503—Laser transmitters
- H04B10/505—Laser transmitters using external modulation
- H04B10/5055—Laser transmitters using external modulation using a pre-coder
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/50—Transmitters
- H04B10/501—Structural aspects
- H04B10/503—Laser transmitters
- H04B10/505—Laser transmitters using external modulation
- H04B10/5057—Laser transmitters using external modulation using a feedback signal generated by analysing the optical output
- H04B10/50572—Laser transmitters using external modulation using a feedback signal generated by analysing the optical output to control the modulating signal amplitude including amplitude distortion
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/50—Transmitters
- H04B10/501—Structural aspects
- H04B10/503—Laser transmitters
- H04B10/505—Laser transmitters using external modulation
- H04B10/5057—Laser transmitters using external modulation using a feedback signal generated by analysing the optical output
- H04B10/50575—Laser transmitters using external modulation using a feedback signal generated by analysing the optical output to control the modulator DC bias
Abstract
Description
-
- the drive signals Sx(t) must be supplied to respective branches of the E/
O converter 22 with substantially zero phase and amplitude error; - generation of the drive signals must take into account the known response of the E/
O converter 22, as well as “component drift” due to changes in temperature, and aging; and - the E/O converter must be driven to an optimal bias point.
- the drive signals Sx(t) must be supplied to respective branches of the E/
where: Gdigital,x is the digital gain of the linearizer transfer function T[ ], and φdiff is the phase differential between the two branch optical signals Ex(t) required to produce the desired target amplitude At through vector addition. Thus:
It may be noted that strict vector addition of the branch optical signals Ex(t) will actually produce a vector of length 2Ad. However, in a conventional dual branch MZ interferometer, the branch optical signals Ex(t) are combined using a balanced optical signal combiner having two outputs, only one of which is used for the output
The RF drive signals Sx(t) supplied to the E/
S x(t)=G ANALOG,x ·G DAC ·V x(n)
Where GDAC is the DAC gain and GANALOG,x is the path gain of the
Dither Signals
- (a) An E-field vector inserted at a selected phase offset (e.g. ±45°) to the target E-field or at a selected frequency offset from the target E-field (e.g. as a narrow side-band);
- (b) A variation of the amplitude and/or phase of the target E-field, or, similarly, of the Real (Re) and imaginary (Im) components of the target E-field;
- (c) An additive or multiplicative variation of one or both of the digital drive signals;
- (d) Swapping between two or more different linearizer transfer functions T[ ];
- (e) a sinusoidal or digital variation of the RF path gain, via the VGAs; and
- (f) sinusoidal or digital variation of the E/O converter bias.
independent of the desired electric field vector. It can also be shown that the dither gain is relatively insensitive to errors in the common and relative gains, particularly near their respective target values. Accordingly, the dither gain
provides a useful cost function for controlling the bias voltage VBIAS. It is a simple matter to implement a stepping function that incrementally adjusts the bias voltage VBIAS to drive the dither gain
to a desired target value (e.g.
Preferably, the common and relative gains are held constant during adjustment of bias voltage VBIAS.
System Balance Control Loop
is a minimum (ideally zero), independently of device variations and coupling efficiency. Accordingly, it provides a useful cost function for controlling the VGA gains GR and GL.
to an optimum value (in this case, a local minimum which is ideally
and thereby achieve system balance. It can be shown that the relative gain Grel can be used to balance the branches 28 of the E/
Common Gain Control Loop
would be a function of the desired electric field vector. In the special case of the desired electric field being a dispersion compensated waveform, the target dither gain is a deterministic function of the dispersion compensation target. It can also be shown that using the above dithering mechanism, at or anywhere near the optimal bias condition, the common gain control surface is a monotonically decreasing function of the common gain factor. This largely contributes to the excellent convergence behaviour of the common gain control loop. It is a simple matter to implement a stepping function that incrementally adjusts the Common Gain Gcom to drive the dither gain
to a
desired target value. A limitation of this approach is that it is highly sensitive to modulator bias error. This difficulty is overcome by the use of the digital dither technique, which is described below.
Digital Dither
E1→E1+d 1(t)Cos(θ)+d2(t)Sin(θ)
and
EQ→EQ−d 1(t)Sin(θ)+d2(t)Cos(θ)
Claims (48)
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US11/067,011 US7787778B2 (en) | 2004-12-10 | 2005-02-28 | Control system for a polar optical transmitter |
US12/830,663 US8059970B2 (en) | 2004-12-10 | 2010-07-06 | Control system for a polar optical transmitter |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US11/008,515 US7676161B2 (en) | 2004-12-10 | 2004-12-10 | Modulation E-field based control of a non-linear transmitter |
US11/067,011 US7787778B2 (en) | 2004-12-10 | 2005-02-28 | Control system for a polar optical transmitter |
Related Parent Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US11/008,515 Continuation-In-Part US7676161B2 (en) | 2004-12-10 | 2004-12-10 | Modulation E-field based control of a non-linear transmitter |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US12/830,663 Continuation US8059970B2 (en) | 2004-12-10 | 2010-07-06 | Control system for a polar optical transmitter |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20060127104A1 US20060127104A1 (en) | 2006-06-15 |
US7787778B2 true US7787778B2 (en) | 2010-08-31 |
Family
ID=46321820
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US11/067,011 Active 2025-05-23 US7787778B2 (en) | 2004-12-10 | 2005-02-28 | Control system for a polar optical transmitter |
US12/830,663 Active US8059970B2 (en) | 2004-12-10 | 2010-07-06 | Control system for a polar optical transmitter |
Family Applications After (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US12/830,663 Active US8059970B2 (en) | 2004-12-10 | 2010-07-06 | Control system for a polar optical transmitter |
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