US7805509B2 - System and method for performance management in a multi-tier computing environment - Google Patents
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- US7805509B2 US7805509B2 US11/088,277 US8827705A US7805509B2 US 7805509 B2 US7805509 B2 US 7805509B2 US 8827705 A US8827705 A US 8827705A US 7805509 B2 US7805509 B2 US 7805509B2
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L47/00—Traffic control in data switching networks
- H04L47/10—Flow control; Congestion control
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L47/00—Traffic control in data switching networks
- H04L47/10—Flow control; Congestion control
- H04L47/23—Bit dropping
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
- H04L67/01—Protocols
- H04L67/10—Protocols in which an application is distributed across nodes in the network
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
- H04L67/01—Protocols
- H04L67/12—Protocols specially adapted for proprietary or special-purpose networking environments, e.g. medical networks, sensor networks, networks in vehicles or remote metering networks
- H04L67/125—Protocols specially adapted for proprietary or special-purpose networking environments, e.g. medical networks, sensor networks, networks in vehicles or remote metering networks involving control of end-device applications over a network
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Abstract
Description
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- The term “tier” herein below, refers to an entity that delivers a certain type of service, wherein the service is part of the overall delivery of an IT transaction. The service may be presentation level processing on a web server tier, application functionality on an application server tier, data processing on a database tier, and the like. Each tier typically runs on a different host machine, although there may be more than one tier operating on a single host machine, and a single tier may include multiple components residing on more than one host machine. The host machine on which at least one tier runs, is herein below referred to as a “tier host”. Examples of a tier include but are not limited to: a
Java 2 Platform, Enterprise Edition (J2EE) application server instance; a cluster of J2EE application server instances; a database server instance including the access components to the database server such as Java Database Connectivity/Open Database Connectivity (JDBC/ODBC) drivers; a cluster database, and the like. - The term “transaction” represents a single process initiated by a user, such as a stage of a business process within a business application. An example of a transaction is the placing of a bid in an online auction service or the opening of a new customer account at a financial institution. A transaction is made up of a chain of requests between tiers, starting with a user request. Therefore each request is uniquely associated with a user request (i.e., the user request of the transaction). Each transaction is identified via a unique identifier, known as a “transaction ID”. It is noted that a “set of related transactions” refers to several transactions which are interrelated (e.g., each transaction represents different stages of a single business process). The handling of a request within a transaction may take into account not only the transaction, but also the set of related transactions to which the request belongs.
- The term “request” herein below, refers to a system request from one tier to another tier, in order to provide a certain service that is part of the transaction. Each request is identified via a unique identifier, known as a “request ID”. Each request results in a unit of work (UOW) on the invoked tier. Examples of a request include but are not limited to: a client web browser issuing a HyperText Transport Protocol (HTTP) request to a web server; a JAVA program issuing a Remote Method Invocation (RMI) call to an application server; a J2EE application server session bean invoking an entity bean on a remote application server (via RMI), and the like.
- The term “user request” herein below, refers to the initial request initiated by either a user or an application, which originates at a tier not monitored by the disclosed technique. The user request is the first request in the chain of requests that makes up a transaction. The chain of requests can be represented as a tree structure with the user request at the root node of the tree.
- The term “UOW” herein below refers to the application code executing in the processing enclave allocated to the applicable request on that tier (i.e., a UOW invocation). A UOW is associated with a source and a destination, may have parameters (which are directives for the application code behavior), and uses tier level resources within a single tier.
- The term “processing enclave” herein below, refers to any thread, sub-process, database session, and the like, which executes a UOW in a given tier. A request is queued in the tier until an available processing enclave is allocated and the application code (i.e., a UOW) is assigned to the processing enclave. Processing enclaves are generic execution units which in turn execute different application codes.
- The term “request context” herein below refers to a set of characteristics that are initially captured from the user request, sent to subsequent requests along the chain of requests of the transaction, and may be modified at any tier along the way. The request context enables the disclosed technique to identify, track and prioritize the resulting chain of requests as part of the single transaction initiated by a user request. The request context may include for example, the characteristics of the user who submitted the request, the characteristics of the item that is the subject of the request, the geographical location from which the request originated, the time and date at which the request is made, the set of related transactions to which the request belongs, and the like. Certain parts of the request context may be modified at subsequent tiers. For example, the service class of the user request that is added to the request context at the first tier, may be overridden by a subsequent tier (i.e., according to another embodiment of the disclosed technique).
- The term “request class” herein below, refers to a category of transactions which share one or more pre-defined request context characteristics. For example, a “stock portfolio summary query” may be classified as a “stock portfolio summary query” request class, or may be part of a larger “stock portfolio query” request class together with another transaction, such as a “stock portfolio history query”. Each request class is treated in accordance with an active service class policy. Once a request class is assigned to the user request, that request class is automatically assigned to each subsequent request in the transaction initiated by that user request.
- The term “service class” herein below, refers to a set of rankings for various parameters that indicate the level of importance for processing the request. The parameters may include: the priority to be assigned to the request, the CPU percentage to be allocated to the request, the memory to be allocated to the request, the priority in allocating and accessing input/output (I/O) devices to the request, and the like. The service class is assigned to a request executing on a given tier by the respective context agent, in accordance with the appropriate active service class policy.
- The term “service class policy” herein below, refers to a rule which assigns a service class to a request within a request class, with respect to the tier on which the request is being processed. Each context agent contains a set of tier specific service class policies, each of which maps a service class to a request class for the specific tier associated with that context agent. A “cross-tier service class policy database” describes the set of mappings of service classes to request classes for all the tiers in the multi-tier computing environment. It is noted that a user may define a set of service class policies. Such policies are referred to herein below as “user-defined service class policies”.
- The term “active service class policy” contains the request class to service class mapping that is currently in effect. Multiple service class policies are supported and a different service class policy may be scheduled at different times of system operation to reflect changing workloads or various system events, or simply as an ad hoc decision.
- The term “tier” herein below, refers to an entity that delivers a certain type of service, wherein the service is part of the overall delivery of an IT transaction. The service may be presentation level processing on a web server tier, application functionality on an application server tier, data processing on a database tier, and the like. Each tier typically runs on a different host machine, although there may be more than one tier operating on a single host machine, and a single tier may include multiple components residing on more than one host machine. The host machine on which at least one tier runs, is herein below referred to as a “tier host”. Examples of a tier include but are not limited to: a
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US13/563,063 US9300523B2 (en) | 2004-06-04 | 2012-07-31 | System and method for performance management in a multi-tier computing environment |
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EP (1) | EP1603307B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2008502044A (en) |
CN (1) | CN100568193C (en) |
AT (1) | ATE431668T1 (en) |
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CA (1) | CA2503987C (en) |
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AU2005249056A1 (en) | 2005-12-15 |
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CA2503987C (en) | 2015-12-01 |
US20100312888A1 (en) | 2010-12-09 |
US20060015512A1 (en) | 2006-01-19 |
IL167628A (en) | 2010-11-30 |
EP1603307A3 (en) | 2006-05-17 |
EP1603307A2 (en) | 2005-12-07 |
CA2503987A1 (en) | 2005-12-04 |
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