US8113065B2 - Force sensor - Google Patents
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- US8113065B2 US8113065B2 US12/310,197 US31019707A US8113065B2 US 8113065 B2 US8113065 B2 US 8113065B2 US 31019707 A US31019707 A US 31019707A US 8113065 B2 US8113065 B2 US 8113065B2
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
- G01L5/16—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes for measuring several components of force
- G01L5/161—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes for measuring several components of force using variations in ohmic resistance
- G01L5/162—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes for measuring several components of force using variations in ohmic resistance of piezoresistors
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L1/00—Measuring force or stress, in general
- G01L1/18—Measuring force or stress, in general using properties of piezo-resistive materials, i.e. materials of which the ohmic resistance varies according to changes in magnitude or direction of force applied to the material
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L1/00—Measuring force or stress, in general
- G01L1/20—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations in ohmic resistance of solid materials or of electrically-conductive fluids; by making use of electrokinetic cells, i.e. liquid-containing cells wherein an electrical potential is produced or varied upon the application of stress
- G01L1/22—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations in ohmic resistance of solid materials or of electrically-conductive fluids; by making use of electrokinetic cells, i.e. liquid-containing cells wherein an electrical potential is produced or varied upon the application of stress using resistance strain gauges
- G01L1/2206—Special supports with preselected places to mount the resistance strain gauges; Mounting of supports
- G01L1/2231—Special supports with preselected places to mount the resistance strain gauges; Mounting of supports the supports being disc- or ring-shaped, adapted for measuring a force along a single direction
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
- Y10T29/49082—Resistor making
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
- Y10T29/49082—Resistor making
- Y10T29/49103—Strain gauge making
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a force sensor and a method for producing the force sensor, and particularly to a force sensor in which a positioning of a glass member is facilitated upon joining a force sensor chip and an attenuator through the glass member, and joint strength is prevented from being reduced when the force sensor chip and the attenuator are joined by anodic bonding, and a method for producing the force sensor.
- the multi-axis force sensor for example, there has been known a force sensor utilizing a property of a strain resistive element (piezo resistive element), in which a resistance value changes in accordance with minute strain (compression, tension) caused by an applied external force (See, for example, Japanese unexamined patent publication Nos. 2003-207405 and 2003-254843, the disclosures of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entireties).
- a strain resistive element piezo resistive element
- the multi-axis force sensor has a force sensor chip formed on a semiconductor substrate by a semiconductor production process, and an attenuator made of a metal member for accommodating and securing the force sensor chip.
- the strain resistive elements are appropriately arranged around an action portion to which an applied external force is transmitted, and a change in a resistance value of the strain resistive element due to the external force is detected as an electrical signal, which presents a size and direction of the external force. If the applied external force is directly transmitted to the strain resistive element, and the external force is excessively large, the force sensor chip may be damaged. In order to receive the external force of various magnitudes without causing damage, the attenuator is introduced for attenuating the applied external force to an appropriate magnitude to transmit to the force sensor chip.
- the force sensor chip is held from below by a fixing portion, and is joined to a lower fixing portion and an upper transmission portion in such a manner that an external force is transmittable from the upper transmission portion to the force sensor chip.
- some conventional techniques introduce a bulky (massive) glass plate, which has approximately the same thickness as that of the semiconductor substrate, as an interface between the force sensor chip and the attenuator, from a viewpoint of insulation property and coefficient of thermal expansion.
- an epoxy resin adhesive is applied to the joint faces thereof, or the joint faces are chemically bonded by anodic bonding.
- a voltage is applied to the subject with a negative voltage on a glass plate side and a positive voltage on an object to be joined, in order to transfer alkali ion, such as Na + , from the glass to the object.
- Typical thickness of the glass plate to be joined to the object is approximately 0.1 to several mm.
- FIGS. 19A-D illustrates steps of anodic bonding at joint portions of a force sensor chip and an attenuator with the presence of a glass plate therebetween, in which FIG. 19A shows joining of the glass plate and the attenuator, FIG. 19B shows joining of the attenuator with the glass plate joined thereto and the force sensor chip, FIGS. 19 C and 19 D are cross sectional views showing a case where anodic bonding is applied to a specific attenuator, in which FIG. 19C shows joining of the glass plate and the attenuator, and FIG. 19D shows joining of the attenuator with the glass plate joined thereto and the force sensor chip.
- a voltage is applied to the subject with a negative voltage on the glass plate, and a positive voltage on an object to be joined. Accordingly, when the attenuator and the glass plate are joined at first, as shown in FIG. 19A , a voltage is applied to the subject with a negative voltage on the glass plate 100 and a positive voltage on the attenuator 300 . Then, when a complex of the attenuator 300 with the glass plate 100 joined thereto and the force sensor chip 200 are joined by anodic bonding, as shown in FIG. 19B , a voltage is applied with a negative voltage on an attenuator 300 side and thus on a glass plate 100 side of the joint portion 600 , and a positive voltage on the force sensor chip 200 .
- anodic bonding will be described with reference to a force sensor 1000 .
- FIGS. 19C and 19D for example, when the attenuator 300 is joined with a first glass member 110 and a second glass member 120 through a joint portion 510 and a joint portion 520 , respectively, by anodic bonding (see FIG. 19C ), and the force sensor chip 200 is joined with the first glass member 110 and the second glass member 120 through a joint portion 610 and a joint portion 620 , respectively, by anodic bonding, anodic bonding is performed by applying a voltage with a negative voltage on a second glass member 120 side and a positive voltage on a force sensor chip 200 side (see FIG. 19D ).
- the attenuator 300 and the glass plate 100 are joined first, and then the glass plate 100 and the force sensor chip 200 are joined; however, there may be a case in which the force sensor chip 200 and the glass plate 100 are joined first and then the glass plate 100 and the attenuator 300 are joined.
- a positioning step and joining step of the glass member should be performed for each of the fixing portion and the transmission portion, leading to a redundant number of steps.
- an action portion facing a center portion of the force sensor chip should be accurately positioned, though the subject to be positioned (the joint portion and the glass plate) are very small and thus the positioning frequently becomes difficult.
- directions of voltage applied to the joint portion 500 are opposite between a case of joining of the attenuator 300 with the glass plate 100 ( FIG. 19A ), and a case of joining of the glass plate 100 with the force sensor chip 200 ( FIG. 19B ).
- fracture in the joint interface may occur from alkali ion (e.g., Na + ) in the glass plate 100 , leading to problems, such as reduced joint strength and detachment of the joint face.
- first a voltage is applied with a positive voltage on an attenuator 300 side, and a negative voltage on a first glass member 110 /second glass member 120 side, to thereby join the attenuator 300 and the first glass member 110 at the joint portion 510 , and join the attenuator 300 and the second glass member 120 at the joint portion 520 by anodic bonding.
- anodic bonding an electron flow from the first glass member 110 and the second glass member 120 to the attenuator 300 is generated.
- the joint portions 510 , 520 correspond to the joint portion 500 in FIG. 19A .
- a voltage is applied with a positive voltage on the second glass member 120 side, and a positive voltage on the force sensor chip 200 side, to thereby join the first glass member 110 and the force sensor chip 200 at the joint portion 610 , and join the second glass member 120 and the force sensor chip 200 at the joint portion 620 , by anodic bonding.
- an electron flow is generated at the joint portion 620 from the second glass member 120 to the force sensor chip 200 (forward voltage), and at the same time, an electron flow e is also generated at the joint portion 610 from the second glass member 120 through the attenuator 300 to the joint portion 510 .
- the generated electron flow e means a reverse voltage at the joint portion 510 . Because of this reverse voltage, reduction of joint strength, detachment of the joint surface and the like may occur at the joint portion 510 , which in turn may cause deterioration in sensor accuracy. It should be noted that the joint portions 610 , 620 correspond to the joint portion 600 in FIG. 19B .
- a force sensor including: a force sensor chip including: an action portion to which an external force is transmitted, a connecting portion which is adjacent to the action portion and on which strain resistive elements are disposed, and a support portion for supporting the action portion and the connecting portion, the force sensor chip for detecting an external force by the strain resistive element; an attenuator including: an input portion to which the external force is input, a fixing portion for fixing the force sensor chip, and a transmission portion for attenuating the external force and transmitting the attenuated external force to the action portion; a first glass member disposed between the action portion and the transmission portion and a second glass member disposed between the support portion and the fixing portion, through which first and second glass members the force sensor chip and the attenuator are joined; and a joint member for joining the first glass member and the second glass member together as a single member.
- the joint member is provided that joins the first glass member and the second glass member together as a single member. Therefore, two glass members can be handled as the single glass member and the number of parts can be reduced. As a result, a single positioning of the first glass member, the second glass member or the joint member results in the positioning of both the first glass member and the second glass member, which facilitates the positioning. In addition, since the first glass member and the second glass member can be handled as a single part during a joining operation, joining is facilitated.
- the first glass member and the second glass member are disposed on the same side of the force sensor chip. Therefore, the first glass member and the second glass member can be easily joined with a simple configuration.
- the voltage is applied in the same manner to both the first glass member and the second glass member through the joint member. Therefore, a generation of a reverse voltage can be prevented and joint strength can be enhanced.
- first glass member and the second glass member are joined by the glass member, a joined body as a whole can be made of a homogeneous material. Therefore, physical properties, such as thermal conduction coefficient and electric conductivity, become uniform in this joined body. Consequently, an internal stress caused by deformation due to thermal strain and the like can be reduced and ion flux during anodic bonding can be made uniform, leading to stable joint strength. Further, the first glass member, the second glass member and the joint member can be carved out from a single glass material and thus the number of parts, as well as the number of processing steps, can be reduced.
- the joint member so as not to touch the force sensor chip and the attenuator, the first glass member and the second glass member are directly connected to each other, and therefore, leakage of an electric source (bypassing) during anodic bonding, as well as generation of a reverse voltage, can be prevented.
- the joint members By arranging the joint members in a balanced manner at symmetrical positions or at equiangular positions with respect to the first glass member and the second glass member, an internal stress caused by deformation due to thermal strain and the like can be reduced.
- voltage can be applied to the first glass member and the second glass member in a balanced manner upon anodic bonding, which makes ion flux uniform, leading to stable joint strength.
- the attenuated external force can be transmitted to the action portion while stably holding the support portion by the attenuator.
- the discontinuous portion which blocks the transmission of the external force between the first glass member and the second glass member By forming the discontinuous portion which blocks the transmission of the external force between the first glass member and the second glass member, a transmission route of the external force can be simplified.
- the external force is composed exclusively of a force transmitted to the force sensor chip and a force transmitted from the fixing portion of the attenuator to an external system. Therefore, by avoiding a stress concentration caused by the external force transmitted to the glass beam, the first glass member and the second glass member can be prevented from being damaged.
- To provide the joint member has advantages in that the number of parts can be reduced, and the positioning of the first and second glass members are facilitated, since the first glass member and the second glass member are joined.
- the joint member becomes unnecessary. Furthermore, there may be a case in which a portion of the external force is applied to the glass beam from the fixing portion of the attenuator through the second glass member. In this case, a stress concentration may occur in the glass beam, and the glass beam, as well as the first and second glass members, may be damaged.
- a method for producing a force sensor including: a force sensor chip including: an action portion to which an external force is transmitted, a connecting portion which is adjacent to the action portion and on which strain resistive elements are disposed, and a support portion for supporting the action portion and the connecting portion, the force sensor chip for detecting an external force by the strain resistive element; an attenuator including: an input portion to which the external force is input, a fixing portion for fixing the force sensor chip, and a transmission portion for attenuating the external force and transmitting the attenuated external force to the action portion; and a glass member including: a first glass member disposed between the action portion and the transmission portion, a second glass member disposed between the support portion and the fixing portion, and a joint member for joining the first glass member and the second glass member together as a single member; the method including: a first anodic bonding step in which the first glass member and the second glass member are joined to the transmission portion and the fixing portion of the attenuator, respectively, to join the glass member and the at least the
- a method for producing a force sensor including: a force sensor chip including: an action portion to which an external force is transmitted, a connecting portion which is adjacent to the action portion and on which strain resistive elements are disposed, and a support portion for supporting the action portion and the connecting portion, the force sensor chip for detecting an external force by the strain resistive element; an attenuator including: an input portion to which the external force is input, a fixing portion for fixing the force sensor chip, and a transmission portion for attenuating the external force and transmitting the attenuated external force to the action portion; and a glass member including: a first glass member disposed between the action portion and the transmission portion, a second glass member disposed between the support portion and the fixing portion, and a joint member for joining the first glass member and the second glass member together as a single member; the method including: a first anodic bonding step in which the first glass member and the second glass member are joined to the action portion and the support portion of the force sensor, respectively, to join the glass member and the force sensor;
- the positioning of the glass member can be facilitated when the force sensor chip and the attenuator are joined through the glass member.
- joint strength can be prevented from being reduced in a case where the force sensor chip and the attenuator are joined through the glass member by anodic bonding.
- FIGS. 1A and 1B illustrate a schematic framework of a force sensor according to the present invention, in which FIG. 1A is an external perspective view and FIG. 1B is a cross-sectional perspective view showing an inner structure.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional perspective view diagrammatically showing a state in which an external force is attenuated and transmitted to a force sensor chip.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view diagrammatically showing a connection state of a glass member according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIGS. 4A and 4B illustrate a configuration of the glass member according to a first embodiment of the present invention, in which FIG. 4A shows a plan view, and FIG. 4B shows a cross-sectional view.
- FIG. 5 illustrates other configurations of the glass member according to embodiments of the present invention, in which (a 1 )-(c 1 ) show plan views, and (a 2 )-(c 2 ) show cross-sectional views.
- FIG. 6A is a cross-sectional view showing a direction of voltage application during anodic bonding of the attenuator and the glass member of the force sensor according to an embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 6B is a cross-sectional view showing a direction of voltage application during anodic bonding of the glass member and the force sensor chip.
- FIG. 7 is a plan view illustrating a schematic framework of a force sensor chip according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is a plan view explaining details of a main part of a force sensor chip according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 9A is an electric circuit diagram showing a half-bridged circuit for illustrating a relation of electrical connection between a strain resistive element and a temperature compensating resistive element in the force sensor chip according to the present invention
- FIG. 9B is an electric circuit diagram showing a full-bridged circuit in which external resistances are added to the force sensor chip according to the present invention.
- FIG. 10A-10D show perspective views of action of the attenuator when an external force is applied.
- FIGS. 11A and 11B explain a deformed state of strain resistive elements when an external force Fx in an X-axis direction is transmitted to the action portion, in which FIG. 11A is a plan view, and FIG. 11B is a plan view showing a deformed state of the strain resistive elements.
- FIGS. 12A and 12B explain a deformed state of strain resistive elements when an external force Fz in a Z-axis direction is transmitted to the action portion, in which FIG. 12A is a plan view, and FIG. 12B is a cross-sectional view showing a deformed state of the strain resistive elements.
- FIGS. 13A and 13B explain a deformed state of strain resistive elements when a moment My about a Y-axis is applied, in which FIG. 13A is a plan view, and FIG. 13B is a cross-sectional view showing a deformed state of the strain resistive elements.
- FIGS. 14A and 14B explain a deformed state of strain resistive elements when a moment Mz about the Z-axis is applied, in which FIG. 14A is a plan view, and FIG. 14B is a plan view showing a deformed state of the strain resistive elements.
- FIGS. 15A and 15B illustrate a configuration of a glass member of a force sensor according to a second embodiment of the present invention, in which FIG. 15A shows a plan view, and FIG. 15B shows a cross-sectional view.
- FIG. 16 is a cross-sectional view showing a configuration of a force sensor according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 17 is a cross-sectional perspective view for explaining a force sensor according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
- FIGS. 18A and 18B illustrate a configuration of a glass member of a force sensor according to a third embodiment of the present invention, in which FIG. 18A shows a plan view, and FIG. 18B shows a cross-sectional view.
- FIGS. 19A-D illustrate steps of conventional anodic bonding, in which FIG. 19A shows joining of a glass plate and an attenuator, FIG. 19B shows joining of the attenuator with the glass plate joined thereto and a force sensor chip, FIGS. 19C and 19D are cross sectional views showing a case where anodic bonding is applied to a specific attenuator, in which FIG. 19C shows joining of the glass plate and the attenuator, and FIG. 19D shows joining of the attenuator with the glass plate joined thereto and the force sensor chip.
- FIGS. 1-3 An entire framework of a force sensor according to a first embodiment of the present invention will be describer in detail with reference to FIGS. 1-3 .
- a force sensor 1 is configured in a shape of a circular plate with an input portion 30 protruding therefrom (see FIG. 1A ), and includes a force sensor chip 2 for detecting hexaxial components of a transmitted external force F (see FIG. 1B ) and an attenuator 3 for fixing the force sensor chip 2 , attenuating the external force F and transmitting the attenuated external force F to the force sensor chip 2 .
- the force sensor chip 2 and the attenuator 3 are joined through a glass member 10 (see FIGS. 4 and 5 for details).
- a hexaxial force sensor that can detect a force and a moment of the external force F in terms of hexaxial components
- Fx, Fy and Fz the force components with respect to directions of an X-axis, a Y-axis and a Z-axis orthogonal to each other
- Mx, My and Mz the moment components with respect to the X-axis, the Y-axis and the Z-axis.
- the present invention is not limited by the number of detection axes of the force sensor, size of an external force, or the like.
- the force sensor chip 2 is in a shape of an approximate square as a plan view (also see FIG. 7 ), and includes: an action portion 21 to which the external force F attenuated by the attenuator 3 is transmitted from a transmission portion 31 of the attenuator 3 ; a support portion 22 for supporting the action portion 21 ; a connecting portion 23 for connecting the action portion 21 and the support portion 22 .
- the attenuator 3 includes the input portion 30 to which the external force F is input; the transmission portion 31 for attenuating the external force F input to the input portion 30 and transmitting the attenuated external force F to the action portion 21 of the force sensor chip 2 ; a fixing portion 32 for fixing the force sensor chip 2 ; and a disc portion 34 for connecting the fixing portion 32 and the input portion 30 .
- buffer holes 33 each in a shape of arcwise-curved oblong circle are formed.
- the glass member 10 is joined to a lower face of the fixing portion 32 and a lower face of the transmission portion 31 of the attenuator 3 .
- the force sensor chip 2 is fixed to the lower face of the attenuator 3 through the glass member 10 .
- the attenuator 3 is joined to the force sensor chip 2 at the fixing portion 32 for fixing the force sensor chip 2 and at the transmission portion 31 for transmitting the external force F, on the same side of the force sensor chip 2 (upper face side in the drawing). Due to this configuration, a whole body of the force sensor 1 can be made compact.
- the attenuator 3 is made of a stainless steel material.
- other metal materials such as aluminum and carbon steel, can be also used.
- the external force F applied to the input portion 30 is received mainly by the fixing portion 32 , and then transmitted outward, as shown in FIG. 2 .
- the input portion 30 is deformed in a direction of the external force F, which attenuates the external force F and a part thereof is transmitted from the input portion 30 through the transmission portion 31 to the action portion 21 of the force sensor chip 2 (also see FIG. 3 ).
- the force sensor chip 2 and the attenuator 3 are joined by anodic bonding, through the glass member 10 .
- an upper face (in the drawing) of the glass member 10 is joined to the attenuator 3 by anodic bonding, and a lower face of the glass member 10 is joined to the force sensor chip 2 by anodic bonding.
- the glass member 10 as a whole is in a shape of a circular plate, and includes: a first glass member 11 disposed at a center of the glass member 10 ; a second glass member 12 disposed along a rim of the glass member 10 ; and a glass beam 13 as a joint member for integrally joining the first glass member 11 and the second glass member 12 .
- the first glass member 11 , the second glass member 12 and the glass beam 13 are mechanically carved out as a single glass member from a single glass material. Therefore, the glass member as a whole can be made of a homogeneous material, and secures rigidity. Moreover, at the joint portions between the first glass member 11 and the glass beam 13 , and between the second glass member 12 and the glass beam 13 , no members, such as adhesive, are present and therefore, upon anodic bonding, flow of alkali ion, such as Na + , can be made smooth and adverse effect, such as thermal strain due to mixture of dissimilar materials, can be prevented.
- alkali ion such as Na +
- the glass member 10 may be obtained by a technique other than carving out.
- the first glass member 11 disposed at the center of the glass member 10 is configured in a shape of a column which corresponds to the shape of the transmission portion 31 of the attenuator 3 (see FIG. 3 ).
- An upper face of the first glass member 11 is joined to the transmission portion 31 of the attenuator 3 by anodic bonding, and a lower face thereof is joined to the action portion 21 of the force sensor chip 2 (see FIG. 3 ) by anodic bonding.
- a planar surface area of the first glass member 11 may be slightly larger than that of the transmission portion 31 . With this configuration, even when the glass member 10 and the attenuator 3 are not precisely aligned, the entire face of the transmission portion 31 secures anodic bonding.
- the first glass member 11 may not be in a shape of a column, and may be in a shape of a truncated cone, i.e. a trapezoid when seen from a side.
- a joint surface area is secured and total joint strength is enhanced.
- the second glass member 12 is in a shape of a circular plate having a through-hole 14 in an approximate square positioned at a center of the second glass member 12 .
- the through-hole 14 is shaped so as to correspond to a shape of the connecting portion 23 of the force sensor chip 2 (see FIGS. 1 and 8 ).
- an area of a lower face of the second glass member 12 surrounding the through-hole 14 as a joint portion is joined to the support portion 22 of the force sensor chip 2 (see FIG. 3 ) by anodic bonding.
- an area of an upper face of the second glass member 12 as a joint portion (dotted region R shown in FIG. 4A ) is joined to the fixing portion 32 of the attenuator 3 (see FIG. 3 ) by anodic bonding.
- a planar surface area of the second glass member 12 is made somewhat larger than that of the fixing portion 32 , even though the fixing portion 32 and the second glass member 12 are not precisely aligned upon joining, they can be securely joined to each other at their joint region with a sufficient area by anodic bonding (see FIG. 3 ).
- the glass beam 13 is a member having a function of beam that integrally joins the first glass member 11 and the second glass member 12 , as shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B .
- the glass beam 13 connects an outer periphery 16 of the first glass member 11 and an inner periphery 15 of the second glass member 12 .
- the glass beam 13 is in a shape of a plate, and a thickness thereof is made thinner than those of the first glass member 11 and the second glass member 12 .
- spaces 17 , 18 are formed in such a manner that the upper face and lower face of the glass beam 13 do not protrude from the upper faces and lower faces, respectively, of the first glass member 11 and the second glass member 12 .
- the glass beam 13 is in a shape of a plate, the glass beam 13 may be in a shape of a column, and arranged to form a grid. In short, any number and shape can be adopted for the glass beam 13 , as long as the glass beam 13 integrally connects the first glass member 11 and the second glass member 12 , and rigidity is secured while workability and the like are secured at the same time.
- FIG. 5 illustrates other configurations of the glass member, in which (a- 1 )-(c- 1 ) show plan views, and (a- 2 )-(c- 2 ) show cross-sectional views.
- first glass members 11 a , 11 b , 11 c of glass members 10 a , 10 b , 10 c are in a shape of a circular plate as in the first glass member 11 .
- second glass members 12 a , 12 b , 12 c are different from the second glass member 12 in that inner peripheries are in a shape of circle.
- a shape of the glass member can be appropriately determined so that anodic bonding is securely obtained in accordance with the joint surface between the attenuator 3 and the force sensor chip 2 .
- glass beams 13 a , 13 a , 13 a are in a trisectional arrangement at an interval of 120 degrees along a circumference of the first glass member 11 a.
- glass beams 13 b , 13 b , 13 b , 13 b are in a quadrisectional arrangement at an interval of 90 degrees along a circumference of the first glass member 11 b.
- the second glass member 12 c does not have through-holes similar to the through-holes 14 a , 14 b of the glass members 10 a , 10 b , respectively (see (a- 1 ) and (b- 1 ) of FIG. 5 ), and a glass beam 13 c in a shape of a circular plate is disposed between the first glass member 11 c and the second glass member 12 c without forming a gap.
- spaces 17 a , 17 b , 17 c and spaces 18 a , 18 b , 18 c are formed in such a manner that the upper faces and the lower faces of the glass beams 13 a , 13 b , 13 c do not protrude from the upper faces and the lower faces, respectively, of the first glass members 11 a , 11 b , 11 c and the second glass members 12 a , 12 b , 12 c .
- anodic bonding of the force sensor chip 2 and the attenuator 3 is prevented from being hindered.
- the following effects can be obtained by providing the glass beam 13 (hereinafter including the glass beams 13 a , 13 b , 13 c ) that integrally joins the first glass member 11 and the second glass member 12 as described above.
- the glass members 11 , 12 which may otherwise be as two separate parts can be handled as a single part, the glass member 10 .
- the first and second glass members 11 , 12 can be joined to the force sensor chip 2 or the attenuator 3 at the same time.
- the number of positioning process and joint process can be reduced.
- the force sensor 1 can be made thinner, assembling process can be simplified, and accuracy can be enhanced.
- FIG. 6A is a cross-sectional view showing a direction of voltage application during anodic bonding of the attenuator and the glass member
- FIG. 6B is a cross-sectional view showing a direction of voltage application during anodic bonding of the glass member and the force sensor chip.
- the first and second glass members 11 , 12 become nearly equipotential due to a presence of the glass beam 13 , and a direction of voltage application at a joint portion 52 does not become opposite to the direction during a process of FIG. 6A .
- an electron e does not flow in an opposite direction in the joint portion 52 between the processes of FIGS. 6A and 6B .
- defects such as reduction of joint strength and detachment of the joint portion 52 , caused by the application of a reverse voltage can be prevented.
- the first the attenuator 3 and the glass member 10 are joined at joint portions 51 , 52 by anodic bonding, and then the glass member 10 and the force sensor chip 2 are joined at the joint portions 61 , 62 by anodic bonding.
- the present invention is not limited to the present embodiment, and it is also possible that first the glass member 10 and the force sensor chip 2 are joined at the joint portions 61 , 62 by anodic bonding, and then the attenuator 3 and the glass member 10 are joined at the joint portions 51 , 52 by anodic bonding, which likewise prevents occurrence of the reverse voltage at the joint portion.
- the glass member 10 since the first glass member 11 , the second glass member 12 and the glass beam 13 are formed from a single glass member made of a single glass material, the glass member 10 as a whole can be made of a homogeneous material. Therefore, physical properties, such as thermal conduction coefficient and electric conductivity, become uniform in the glass member 10 . Consequently, an internal stress caused by deformation due to thermal strain and the like can be reduced and ion flux during anodic bonding can be made uniform, leading to stable joint strength. Further, the first glass member 11 , the second glass member 12 , and the glass beam 13 can be, for example, carved out from a single glass material and thus the number of the processing steps can be reduced. It should be noted that the glass member 10 may be obtained by other techniques.
- FIG. 7 is a plan view for explaining outline of a force sensor chip.
- FIG. 8 is a plan view showing a main part for explaining details of a force sensor chip according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the force sensor chip 2 is formed on a semiconductor substrate 20 having an approximate square shape as a plan view, and includes: the action portion 21 to which the external force F (see FIGS. 1A and 1B ) is transmitted; the connecting portion 23 which is adjacent to the action portion 21 and has resistive elements, such as strain resistive elements S and temperature compensating resistive elements 24 , disposed at specific positions; and the support portion 22 for supporting the action portion 21 and the connecting portion 23 .
- the strain resistive elements S and the temperature compensating resistive elements 24 are connected to signal electrode pads 25 and GND electrode pads 26 , which is for connecting with external devices (not shown) that measure resistance value.
- the action portion 21 is disposed at a center, and the transmission portion 31 of the attenuator 3 is joined to the action portion 21 with the first glass member 11 sandwiched therebetween (see FIG. 1B ).
- the connecting portion 23 is a region for connecting the action portion 21 and the support portion 22 .
- through-holes A-D, K-N each in a shape of a long and narrow slit are formed.
- the connecting portion 23 has beam-like elastic portions 23 a 1 , 23 b 1 , 23 c 1 , 23 d 1 each having two ends connected to the support portion 22 , and bridge portions 23 a 2 , 23 b 2 , 23 c 2 , 23 d 2 contiguously formed with the respective elastic portions 23 a 1 , 23 b 1 , 23 c 1 , 23 d 1 at center portions thereof, so as to form T-shape.
- the strain resistive elements S (Sxa 1 -Sxa 3 , Sxb 1 -Sxb 3 , Sya 1 -Sya 3 , Syb 1 -Syb 3 ) are disposed.
- the temperature compensating resistive elements 24 for correcting strain of the strain resistive elements S, and the resistive elements 24 a for monitoring whether or not the temperature compensating resistive elements 24 are properly functioning.
- the support portion 22 forms a periphery of the force sensor chip 2 and is disposed outside the linear through-holes A-D formed in the connecting portion 23 .
- the whole or a part of the support portion 22 is joined to the fixing portion 32 of the attenuator 3 with the second glass member 12 sandwiched therebetween (see FIG. 1B ).
- the strain resistive element S is a rectangular active layer (diffuse layer) formed on a surface (upper layer) of a semiconductor substrate 20 , in such a manner that, when the external force is applied in a longitudinal direction of the strain resistive element S, and the strain resistive element S is deformed (not shown), resistance thereof changes.
- Three strain resistive elements S forms one group and four groups are disposed on their respective bridge portions 23 a 2 , 23 b 2 , 23 c 2 , 23 d 2 which are equally distant from the action portion 21 .
- a group of strain resistive elements Sxa 1 -Sxa 3 and a group of strain resistive elements Sxb 1 -Sxb 3 are symmetrically arranged with the action portion 21 as a symmetry center.
- a group of strain resistive elements Sya 1 -Sya 3 and a group of strain resistive elements Syb 1 -Syb 3 are symmetrically arranged with the action portion 21 as a symmetry center.
- strain resistive elements Sxa 1 -Sxa 3 , Sxb 1 -Sxb 3 , Sya 1 -Sya 3 , Syb 1 -Syb 3 are arranged so that the longitudinal direction of each of them aligns with a direction towards the action portion 21 (either X-axis direction or Y-axis direction).
- the through-holes A-D, K-N include the through-holes A, B, C, D, each in a linear shape and the through-holes K, L, M, N each in a form of an L-shaped hook. Positions of the corners of the L-shaped through-holes K, L, M, N coincide with corners of a square, and the through-holes A-D, K-N are arranged to form an approximate square as a whole around the action portion 21 .
- the through-hole K is formed between the strain resistive elements Sxb 1 -Sxb 3 and the strain resistive elements Sya 1 -Sya 3 .
- the through-hole L is formed between the strain resistive elements Sya 1 -Sya 3 and the strain resistive elements Sxa 1 -Sxa 3 .
- the through-hole M is formed between the strain resistive elements Sxa 1 -Sxa 3 and the strain resistive elements Syb 1 -Syb 3 .
- the through-hole N is formed between the strain resistive elements Syb 1 -Syb 3 and the strain resistive elements Sxb 1 -Sxb 3 .
- the linear through-holes A, B, C, D are formed outside the through-holes K, L, M, N.
- a strain in accordance with the applied external force F is intensively appeared at the portions where the strain resistive elements S are disposed, while the strain is not generated at the portions where the temperature compensating resistive elements 24 , 24 a are disposed.
- the linear through-holes A-D and the hook-shaped through-holes K-N are arranged in a shape of an approximate square, and the strain resistive elements S and the temperature compensating resistive elements 24 , 24 a are disposed while the strain distribution generated by the through-holes A-D, K-N are taken into account.
- the present invention is not limited to the present embodiment, and the through-holes A-D, K-N may be arranged, for example, in a form of a circle or the like, while the axial force (axial component) and the moment to be detected are taken into account.
- the temperature compensating resistive element 24 is the same resistive element as the strain resistive element S, and twelve temperature compensating resistive elements 24 are disposed at specific positions on the semiconductor substrate 20 corresponding to twelve strain resistive elements Sxa 1 -Sxa 3 , Sxb 1 -Sxb 3 , Sya 1 -Sya 3 , Syb 1 -Syb 3 .
- the temperature compensating resistive element 24 is disposed at a position where the temperature condition is the same as the strain resistive element S which is a subject of temperature compensation, and where no strain by the applied external force F acts on.
- the temperature compensating resistive elements 24 are disposed in the vicinity of their respective strain resistive elements S, and in the vicinity of an inner rim of the respective free ends facing the through-holes K, L, M, N.
- the temperature compensating resistive elements 24 are disposed at positions on the force sensor chip 2 where the resistance value changes only by temperature conditions, a resistance value under no influence of ambient temperature can be obtained by eliminating a change in the resistance value due to a temperature change from a change in the resistance value of the strain resistive element S.
- a bridged circuit is composed of the temperature compensating resistive element 24 and the strain resistive element S, and by comparing the change in the resistance value due to the temperature change of the strain resistive element S and the external force F ( FIG. 1A ), with the change in the resistance value of the temperature compensating resistive element 24 , exclusively the change in the resistance value by the external force F in the strain resistive element S is taken out and detected.
- resistive elements 24 a strain resistive element for monitoring are disposed in such a manner that a zero output state in which no stress is generated can be confirmed at all times.
- FIG. 9A is an electric circuit diagram showing a half-bridged circuit for illustrating a relation of electrical connection between a strain resistive element and a temperature compensating resistive element in the force sensor chip according to the present invention
- FIG. 9B is an electric circuit diagram showing a full-bridged circuit in which external resistances are added to the force sensor chip according to the present invention.
- a full-bridged circuit is formed in the force sensor chip.
- the present embodiment adopts the latter configuration.
- the strain resistive element S in the force sensor chip 2 according to the present invention (see FIG. 7 ) and the temperature compensating resistive element 24 for temperature compensation in accordance with the strain resistive element S forms a half-bridged circuit HB that corresponds to a lower half of the bridged circuit, as shown in FIG. 9A .
- one end of the strain resistive element S and one end of the temperature compensating resistive element 24 are connected to each other, which are then connected to a GND potential through the GND electrode pad (see FIG. 7 ).
- the other end of the strain resistive element S and the other end of the temperature compensating resistive element 24 are connected to their respective signal electrode pads 25 , 25 .
- An upper half of the bridged circuit is provided to the half-bridged circuit HB to form a full-bridged circuit, to thereby take out a resistance value from which an effect of the temperature change in the strain resistive element S is eliminated.
- the signal electrode pads 25 , 25 to which the end (upper end in the drawing) of the strain resistive element S and the end (upper end in the drawing) of the temperature compensating resistive element 24 are connected, are connected to their respective ends of the external resistances R 1 , R 2 .
- the other ends of the external resistances R 1 , R 2 are connected to each other, which are then connected to a supply voltage VE.
- FIGS. 10A-10D show perspective views of action of the attenuator when an external force is applied.
- a state of strain in the force sensor chip 2 generated when the external force F (Fx, Fz, My, Mz) is applied will be described with reference to FIGS. 11-14 .
- FIGS. 11A and 11B explain a deformed state of strain resistive elements when an external force Fx is transmitted to the action portion, in which FIG. 11A is a plan view, and FIG. 11B is a plan view showing a deformed state of the strain resistive elements.
- the action portion 21 tends to move in the X-axis direction. Consequently, notable deflections are generated in the bridge portions 23 a 2 , 23 c 2 .
- a tensile force acts on the strain resistive elements Sya 1 , Syb 3 on an outer side of the deflection, leading to an increased resistance value.
- a compressive force acts on the strain resistive elements Sya 3 , Syb 1 on an inner side of the deflection, leading to a reduced resistance value.
- the strain resistive elements Sxa 1 -Sxa 3 , Sxb 1 -Sxb 3 are not affected by the external force Fx.
- FIGS. 12A and 12B explain a deformed state of strain resistive elements when an external force Fz is transmitted to the action portion, in which FIG. 12A is a plan view, and FIG. 12B is a cross-sectional view showing a deformed state of the strain resistive elements.
- a tensile force acts on all of the strain resistive elements Sxa 1 -Sxa 3 , Sxb 1 -Sxb 3 , Sya 1 -Sya 3 , Syb 1 -Syb 3 , leading to an increased resistance value, since all of the strain resistive elements Sxa 1 -Sxa 3 , Sxb 1 -Sxb 3 , Sya 1 -Sya 3 , Syb 1 -Syb 3 are disposed on the surface (upper layer) of the semiconductor substrate 20 .
- FIGS. 13A and 13B explain a deformed state of strain resistive elements when a moment My is transmitted to the action portion, in which FIG. 13A is a plan view, and FIG. 13B is a cross-sectional view showing a deformed state of the strain resistive elements.
- each of the bridge portions 23 b 2 , 23 d 2 has a deflection in the X-axis direction, and a compressive force acts on the strain resistive elements Sxa 1 -Sxa 3 , leading to a reduced resistance value.
- a tensile force acts on the strain resistive elements Sxb 1 -Sxb 3 , leading to an increased resistance value.
- the tensile force nor the compressive force acts on the bridge portions 23 a 2 , 23 c 2 in the Y-axis direction, leading to no change in the resistance value.
- FIGS. 14A and 14B explains a deformed state of strain resistive elements when an external force Mz is transmitted to the action portion, in which FIG. 14A is a plan view, and FIG. 14B is a plan view showing a deformed state of the strain resistive elements.
- each of the bridge portions 23 a 2 , 23 b 2 , 23 c 2 , 23 d 2 has a deflection, and a tensile force acts on each of the strain resistive elements Sya 3 , Sxa 3 , Syb 3 , Sxb 3 on an outer side of the deflection, leading to an increased resistance value.
- a compressive force acts on the strain resistive elements Sya 1 , Sxa 1 , Syb 1 , Sxb 1 on an inner side of the deflection, leading to a reduced resistance value.
- the tensile force nor the compressive force acts on the strain resistive elements Sxa 2 , Sxb 2 , Sya 2 , Syb 2 locating at the center of the deflection, leading to no change in the resistance value.
- signals ultimately output from the hexaxial force sensor 1 are computed as resistance change rates Sig 1 -Sig 6 , corresponding to respective components (Fx, Fy, Fz, Mx, My, Mz).
- the computed resistance change rates Sig 1 -Sig 6 can be defined as follows from the resistance change rate so as to correspond to the respective components (Fx, Fy, Fz, Mx, My, Mz) included in the external force, after eliminating interference by other axial components as much as possible.
- Sig 1 (( R′Sya 1 ⁇ R′Sya 3)+( R′Syb 3 ⁇ R′Syb 1))/4
- Sig 2 (( R′Sxa 3 ⁇ R′Sxa 1)+( R′Sxb 1 ⁇ R′Sxb 3))/4
- Sig 3 ( R′Sxa 2+ R′Sya 2+ R′Sxb 2+ R′Syb 2)/4
- Sig 4 ( R′Sya 2 ⁇ R′Syb 2)/2
- Sig 5 ( R′Sxb 2 ⁇ R′Sxa 2)/2
- Sig 6 (( R′Sxa 3 ⁇ R′Sxa 1)+( R′Sya 3 ⁇ R′Sya 1)+( R′Sxb 3 ⁇ R′Sxb 1)+( R′Syb 3 ⁇ R′Syb 1))/8
- the resistance change rate is represented as, for example, “R′Sya 1 ”, which indicates a resistance change rate in Sya 1 .
- R′Sxa 1 , R′Sxa 2 , R′Sxa 3 , R′Sxb 1 , R′Sxb 2 , R′Sxb 3 , R′Sya 1 , R′Sya 2 , R′Sya 3 , R′Syb 1 , R′Syb 2 and R′Syb 3 indicate change rates after temperature compensation of the respective strain resistive elements.
- Sig 1 can be represented as a primary expression of Fx and My.
- Sig 2 can be represented as a primary expression of Fy and Mx.
- Sig 3 can be largely represented as a primary expression of Fz (other axial components can be suppressed to a negligible extent).
- Sig 4 can be represented as a primary expression of Mx and Fy.
- Sig 5 is represented as a primary expression of My and Fx.
- Sig 6 can be represented as a primary expression of Mz (other axial components can be suppressed to a negligible extent).
- the computed resistance change rates Sig 1 -Sig 6 can be represented by respective primary expressions of hexaxial components (Fx, Fy, Fz, Mx, My, Mz), while eliminating interference by other axial components as much as possible. From the primary expressions (determinants), an invert matrix can be obtained and thus the hexaxial components (Fx, Fy, Fz, Mx, My, Mz) can be represented by the primary expressions of the computed resistance change rates Sig 1 -Sig 6 . In this manner, the hexaxial components (Fx, Fy, Fz, Mx, My, Mz) can be obtained from the computed resistance change rates Sig 1 -Sig 6 (see Japanese unexamined patent publication No. 2003-207405, paragraph [0070] for details).
- FIGS. 15A and 15B illustrate a configuration of a glass member of a force sensor according to a second embodiment of the present invention, in which FIG. 15A shows a plan view, and FIG. 15B shows a cross-sectional view.
- FIG. 16 is a cross-sectional view showing a configuration of a force sensor according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- each of four glass beams 13 ′ there is formed a discontinuous portion 19 that blocks the transmission of the external force F between the first glass member 11 and the second glass member 12 .
- the discontinuous portion 19 is formed by cutting a middle portion of the glass beam 13 ′ with laser beam (by laser beam cutting).
- the discontinuous portions 19 can be formed through the buffer holes 33 (see FIG. 1 ) of the attenuator 3 , or as shown in FIG. 16 , first by forming small holes 19 a in the disc portion for a laser beam cutting operation, and cutting the glass beams 13 ′.
- the technique of forming the discontinuous portion 19 is not limited to the laser beam cutting, and it may be formed by mechanically cutting with a cutter or by breaking the glass beam 13 ′ with a load applied to the glass beam 13 ′. Also in these cases, the buffer holes 33 of the attenuator 3 can be utilized, or the small holes 19 a may be formed in the disc portion for facilitating the operation.
- the discontinuous portion in the glass beam 13 ′ which blocks the transmission of the external force F from the first glass member to the second glass member, a transmission route of the external force F can be simplified.
- the external force F is composed exclusively of a force transmitted to the force sensor chip 2 and a force transmitted from the fixing portion 32 of the attenuator 3 to an external system, thus the transmission route of the external force F is simplified.
- FIG. 17 is a cross-sectional perspective view for explaining a force sensor according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
- FIGS. 18A and 18B illustrate a configuration of a glass member of a force sensor according to a third embodiment of the present invention, in which FIG. 18A shows a plan view, and FIG. 18B shows a cross-sectional view.
- the force sensor 1 ′′ according to the third embodiment is different from the force sensor 1 according to the first embodiment described above, in the configuration of an attenuator 3 ′′, and therefore the configuration of the glass member 10 ′′ is also different.
- the transmission portion 31 and the fixing portion 32 are present on the same side of the force sensor chip 2 ; while in the force sensor 1 ′′ according to the third embodiment, a fixing portion 32 ′′ for fixing the force sensor chip 2 is joined to a lower face of the force sensor chip 2 in the drawing and a transmission portion 31 ′′ is joined to an upper face of the force sensor chip 2 .
- a first glass member 11 ′′ is disposed above a second glass member 12 ′′, and a joint member 13 ′′ connects the first glass member 11 ′′ and the second glass member 12 ′′.
- the first glass member 11 ′′, the joint member 13 ′′ and the second glass member 12 ′′ together forms an approximate squared U-shape when seen from a lateral side as a cross sectional view.
- the configuration of holding the force sensor chip 2 by the attenuator 3 may vary as described above, and other modifications can be also applied to the present invention, by appropriately configuring the joint member in accordance with the configuration of the attenuator 3 .
- the first glass member 11 , the second glass member 12 and the glass beam 13 are mechanically carved out as a single glass member from a single glass material.
- the present invention is not limited to these embodiments, and the first glass member 11 and the second glass member 12 may be separately formed and then a glass member can be utilized for integrally joining the first glass member 11 and the second glass member 12 .
- the glass member 10 and the attenuator 3 , and the glass member 10 and the force sensor chip 2 are joined by anodic bonding.
- the present invention is not limited to these embodiments, and they may be joined with an adhesive.
- the action portion 21 is provided at the center, and the connecting portion 23 and the support portion 22 are formed on the outer side of the action portion 21 .
- the present invention is not limited to this configuration, and the support portion 22 may be provided at the center, the connecting portion 23 may be provided on the outer side of the support portion 22 , and then the action portion 21 may be provided on the further outer side of the connecting portion 23 .
- any configuration can be adopted to the force sensor chip 2 , as long as the strain resistive element S disposed on the connecting portion 23 which is adjacent to the action portion 21 can detect the external force F transmitted to the action portion 21 , and the support portion 22 can support the connecting portion 23 and the action portion 21 .
- the force sensor chip 2 is in a shape of an approximate square.
- the present invention is not limited to this shape, and the force sensor chip 2 may be in a rectangular shape, a circle or the like.
- the attenuator 3 may be in a form of a cube, a rectangular parallelepiped or the like.
- various embodiments can be applied with respect to the shape of the force sensor chip 2 , the shape of the attenuator 3 , and the combinations thereof.
- each of the number of the strain resistive elements S and the temperature compensating resistive elements 24 is set at 12, but the present invention is not limited to this number, and any number can be applied in accordance with a shape of the sensor chip 2 and the like. With respect to the positional arrangement of the strain resistive elements S and the temperature compensating resistive elements 24 , any position different from the present embodiments can be applied.
Abstract
Description
Sig1=((R′Sya1−R′Sya3)+(R′Syb3−R′Syb1))/4
Sig2=((R′Sxa3−R′Sxa1)+(R′Sxb1−R′Sxb3))/4
Sig3=(R′Sxa2+R′Sya2+R′Sxb2+R′Syb2)/4
Sig4=(R′Sya2−R′Syb2)/2
Sig5=(R′Sxb2−R′Sxa2)/2
Sig6=((R′Sxa3−R′Sxa1)+(R′Sya3−R′Sya1)+(R′Sxb3−R′Sxb1)+(R′Syb3−R′Syb1))/8
Claims (22)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
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JP2006227467A JP5243704B2 (en) | 2006-08-24 | 2006-08-24 | Force sensor |
JP2006-227467 | 2006-08-24 | ||
PCT/JP2007/066952 WO2008023846A2 (en) | 2006-08-24 | 2007-08-24 | Force sensor using a semiconductive substrate |
Publications (2)
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US20090320610A1 US20090320610A1 (en) | 2009-12-31 |
US8113065B2 true US8113065B2 (en) | 2012-02-14 |
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US12/310,197 Expired - Fee Related US8113065B2 (en) | 2006-08-24 | 2007-08-24 | Force sensor |
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US (1) | US8113065B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2038628B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP5243704B2 (en) |
CN (1) | CN101506636B (en) |
DE (1) | DE602007005259D1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2008023846A2 (en) |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN101506636B (en) | 2011-04-20 |
US20090320610A1 (en) | 2009-12-31 |
JP2008051625A (en) | 2008-03-06 |
WO2008023846A3 (en) | 2008-04-17 |
WO2008023846A2 (en) | 2008-02-28 |
EP2038628B1 (en) | 2010-03-10 |
JP5243704B2 (en) | 2013-07-24 |
CN101506636A (en) | 2009-08-12 |
DE602007005259D1 (en) | 2010-04-22 |
EP2038628A2 (en) | 2009-03-25 |
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