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Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
  • H04L12/00—Data switching networks
  • H04L12/66—Arrangements for connecting between networks having differing types of switching systems, e.g. gateways
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
  • H04M3/00—Automatic or semi-automatic exchanges
  • H04M3/42—Systems providing special services or facilities to subscribers
  • H04M3/56—Arrangements for connecting several subscribers to a common circuit, i.e. affording conference facilities
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
  • H04M2203/00—Aspects of automatic or semi-automatic exchanges
  • H04M2203/20—Aspects of automatic or semi-automatic exchanges related to features of supplementary services
  • H04M2203/2088—Call or conference reconnect, e.g. resulting from isdn terminal portability
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
  • H04M3/00—Automatic or semi-automatic exchanges
  • H04M3/22—Arrangements for supervision, monitoring or testing
  • H04M3/2272—Subscriber line supervision circuits, e.g. call detection circuits

Definitions

• the present invention relates generally to communication systems and, more particularly, to a method and system for managing conference resources.
• VoIP Voiceover Internet Protocol
• IP Intranet Protocol
• a multipoint conference unit (MCU) is used to couple these devices, which allows users from distributed geographic locations to participate in the conference.
• the conference may be audio only (e.g. teleconference) or may include video conferencing/broadcasting.
• Conferencing systems generally deploy resource allocation and reclamation methods to improve the efficiency of resource utilization. That is, when participants leave a conference, their resources are returned to a pool of resources and become eligible for reuse by others. Some systems typically do not reclaim resources as participants leave a conference.
• the present invention provides a method and system for managing conference resources that substantially eliminates or reduces at least some of the disadvantages and problems associated with previous methods and systems.
• a method for managing conference resources includes hosting a conference between a plurality of participants using a first amount of resources.
• the plurality of participants use a plurality of endpoints to communicate on the conference.
• the method includes reserving a sufficient amount of the first amount of resources to allow a first participant of the plurality of participants to rejoin the conference when the first participant disconnects from the conference.
• the method also includes reclaiming the sufficient amount of resources upon one of the following: receiving an indication that the first participant will not rejoin the conference or expiration of a predetermined amount of time after the first participant disconnects from the conference.
• the method may also include receiving an indication from the first participant that the first participant will rejoin the conference if disconnected from the conference.
• the indication from the first participant that the first participant will rejoin the conference may be received through one of the following: web, e-mail, dual tone multi-frequency, text chat (Instant Messaging) or spoken command via adaptive speech recognition (ASR) communication.
• the predetermined amount of time may comprise an amount of time specified by the first participant or by a conference administrator.
• the resources may comprise at least one of communication ports and DSP resources for transcoding or mixing available at a multipoint conference unit.
• the method may also include associating the reserved sufficient amount of the first amount of resources with the first participant using a user id, password or calling number of the first participant.
• a method for managing conference resources includes hosting a conference between a plurality of participants using a first amount of resources.
• the plurality of participants use a plurality of endpoints to communicate on the conference.
• the method includes reserving a sufficient amount of the first amount of resources to allow a first participant of the plurality of participants to rejoin the conference if the first participant unintentionally disconnects from the conference.
• the method also includes reclaiming a second amount of the first amount of resources if the first participant intentionally disconnects from the conference.
• the second amount of the first amount of resources are used by the first participant when participating on the conference.
• the first participant may be connected with the conference using a mobile phone endpoint, and a disconnection from the conference resulting from a loss of mobile phone endpoint coverage or service may comprise an unintentional disconnection from the conference.
• a method for managing conference resources includes calling a plurality of participant endpoints to establish a conference between a plurality of participants and reserving a sufficient amount of resources to allow a first participant of the plurality of participants to participate in the call if a first participant endpoint of the first participant is in a reservation state when the first participant endpoint is called.
• the method also includes hosting the conference between at least some of the plurality of participants using a first amount of resources.
• the first participant endpoint may be in a reservation state when the first participant endpoint is busy or in a do not disturb state when called.
• the method may also include reclaiming the sufficient amount of resources if the first participant does not join the conference in a predetermined amount of time.
• conference resources such as bandwidth reservation(s), communication ports and DSP resources for transcoding or mixing may be reserved so that the participant may later rejoin the conference.
• conference resources such as bandwidth reservation(s), communication ports and DSP resources for transcoding or mixing may be reserved so that the participant may later rejoin the conference.
• resource reservation may also occur upon request of a participant who may arrive late to a conference.
• the resource reservation prevents the resources from being reclaimed for use in other conferences or for other needs. If the participant chooses not to rejoin the conference and indicates such desire, the reserved resources may be reclaimed for use in other conferences. Accordingly, quality of service for conferences is increased as resources may be allocated and utilized according to dynamic need changes.
• particular embodiments provide improved resource utilization since resources may be reserved or reclaimed based on desires or needs of current participants, as such desires or needs are communicated to a conference entity. Moreover, likelihood of losing a conference or losing key conference participants as a result of resource reclamation is reduced, and participants are able to rejoin a conference as desired.
• FIG. 1 illustrates a communication system with a plurality of endpoints and a multipoint conference unit, in accordance with a particular embodiment of the present invention
• FIG. 2 illustrates a multipoint communication conference between endpoints using the multipoint conference unit of FIG. 1 , in accordance with a particular embodiment of the present invention
• FIG. 3 illustrates a method for managing conference resources, in accordance with a particular embodiment of the present invention.
• FIG. 1 illustrates a communication system 30 including a plurality of endpoints 32 - 35 having the ability to establish communication sessions with each other and/or a multipoint conference unit (MCU) 38 .
• MCU 38 hosts, or accommodates, multipoint conferences between and among endpoints 32 - 35 .
• An MCU or other entity may be considered to be hosting a conference if it is one or more of the components that accommodates or otherwise provides conference resources to facilitate the conference.
• MCU 38 includes a plurality of digital signal processors (DSPs) 46 - 48 and a plurality of communication ports 49 a - 49 n .
• DSPs digital signal processors
• MCU 38 may include software functioning as a DSP on a general purpose central processing unit.
• conference resources such as communication ports and DSP or other processing resources for transcoding or mixing may be reserved so that the participant may later rejoin the conference.
• conference resources such as communication ports and DSP or other processing resources for transcoding or mixing may be reserved so that the participant may later rejoin the conference.
• Such resource reservation prevents the resources from being reclaimed for use in other conferences or for other needs. If the participant chooses not to rejoin the conference and indicates such desire, the reserved resources may be reclaimed for use in other conferences. Accordingly, quality of service for conferences is increased as resources may be allocated and utilized according to dynamic need changes.
• the multipoint conference may be a Meet Me Conference call.
• a Meet Me Conference call is an arrangement by which a user can dial a specific, pre-determined telephone number and enter a security access code to join a conference with other participants. The user is automatically connected to the conference through a conference bridge. Conference participants may call in at a preset time or may be directed to do so by a conference coordinator. Meet Me Conferences may be set up through a teleconferencing service provider, generally with the capability to conference thousands of participants in a single conference call. However, other types of multipoint conferences may be accommodated, within the teachings of the present invention.
• Endpoints 32 - 35 may be any combination of hardware, software and/or encoded logic that provide communication services to a user.
• endpoints 32 - 35 may include a telephone, a mobile phone, a computer running telephony software, a video monitor, a camera or any other communication hardware, software and/or encoded logic that supports the communication of packets of media using communication network 40 .
• endpoints 32 - 34 include an internet telephone, a personal computer and wireless handset, respectively.
• a wireless base station transmitter/receiver 36 couples endpoint 34 with communication network 40 .
• Endpoints 32 - 35 may also include unattended or automated systems, gateways, other intermediate components or other devices that can establish media sessions.
• communication system 30 contemplates any number and arrangement of endpoints 32 - 35 for communicating media.
• the described technologies and techniques for establishing a communication session between or among endpoints 32 - 35 may be operable to establish a multipoint conference between more than two endpoints 32 - 35 .
• MCU 38 may include any bridging or switching device used in support of multipoint conferencing, including videoconferencing.
• MCU 38 may include hardware, software, software embodied in a tangible computer readable medium, and/or embedded logic.
• MCU 38 may be configured to support any number of conference endpoints communicating on any number of conferences, simultaneously.
• MCU 38 may be in the form of customer provided equipment (CPE, e.g., beyond the network interface) or may be embedded in a wide area network (WAN). Examples of multipoint conference unit standards are defined in ITU-T H.323, with T.120 describing generic conference control functions.
• MCU 38 includes a processor 62 and memory 64 .
• Processor 62 may be a microprocessor, controller or any other suitable computing device or resource.
• Memory 64 may be any form of volatile or nonvolatile memory including, without limitation, magnetic media, optical media, random access memory (RAM), read only memory (ROM), removable media or any other suitable local or remote memory component.
• a user of communication system 30 may configure MCU 38 to accommodate a future multipoint conference, using processor 62 and memory 64 .
• MCU 38 prompts the administrator to identify the number of participants and a unique identifier associated with each participant.
• Communication network 40 may be any computer or communication network capable of coupling two or more endpoints 32 - 35 , for communication.
• communication network 40 is a wide area network (WAN) that enables communication between a plurality of endpoints distributed across multiple cities and geographic regions
• communication network 41 is a public switched telephone network (PSTN).
• PSTN public switched telephone network
• communication networks 40 and/or 41 may be one or more networks, including the Internet, the public switched telephone network, local area networks (LANs), global distributed networks such as intranets, extranets or other form of wireless or wireline communication networks.
• communication networks 40 and 41 provide for the communication of packets, cells, frames and/or other portions of information (generally referred to as packets) between and among endpoints 32 - 35 .
• Communication paths for the communication of such packets may include any combination of routers, hubs, switches, gateways (e.g., gateway 42 ) or other hardware, software or embedded logic implementing any number of communication protocols that allow for the exchange of packets in communication system 30 .
• communication network 40 employs communication protocols that allow for the addressing or identification of endpoints 32 - 35 coupled to communication network 40 .
• IP Internet protocol
• each of the components coupled together by communication network 40 in communication system 30 may be identified in information directed using IP addresses.
• communication network 40 may support any form and combination of point-to-point, multicast, unicast or other techniques for exchanging media packets among components in communication system 30 .
• Any given communication session between two of endpoints 32 - 35 will include the transfer of packets across one or more communication paths, that couple endpoints 32 - 35 and/or MCU 38 across communication network 40 .
• Such paths may include any combination of network components, gatekeepers, call managers, routers, hubs, switches, gateways, endpoints or other hardware, software or embedded logic implementing any number of communication protocols that allow for the exchange of packets in communication system 30 .
• Network 40 may be directly coupled to other IP networks including, but not limited to, the Internet. Since IP networks share a common method of transmitting data, telecommunication signals may be transmitted between telephony devices located on different, but interconnected, IP networks. In addition to being coupled to other IP networks, network 40 may also be coupled to non-IP telecommunication networks through the use of gateway 42 . For example, network 40 is coupled to Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) 41 .
• PSTN 41 includes switching stations, central offices, mobile telephone switching offices, pager switching offices, remote terminals and other related telecommunications equipment that are located across the country.
• PSTN 41 includes switching stations, central offices, mobile telephone switching offices, pager switching offices, remote terminals and other related telecommunications equipment that are located across the country.
• IP networks transmit data (including voice and video data) by placing the data in packets and sending each packet individually to the selected destination.
• data including voice and video data
• IP networks Unlike a circuit-switched network (like PSTN 41 ), dedicated bandwidth is not required for the duration of a call or fax transmission over IP networks. Instead, each telephony device sends packets across the network as they become available for transmission. This feature makes bandwidth available for other data when voice or fax data is not being transmitted.
• VoIP Voice over IP
• endpoints 32 - 34 and MCU 38 are IP telephony devices.
• IP telephony devices have the capability of encapsulating a user's voice (or other inputs) into IP packets so that the voice can be transmitted over network 40 .
• IP telephony devices 32 - 34 have the capability of capturing and encapsulating video into IP packets so that the video can be transmitted over network 40 .
• IP telephony devices 32 - 34 have the capability of receiving audio or video IP packets from the network 40 and playing the audio or video data to a user.
• a codec (coder/decoder) at the endpoint converts the voice, video or fax signals generated by the users of the telephony devices from analog media signals into digital form.
• the codec may be implemented either in software or as special-purpose hardware in the endpoints.
• the codec converts the analog voice signals into digital data.
• the digitally encoded data is then encapsulated into IP packets so that it can be transmitted over network 40 .
• another codec at the receiving endpoint converts the digital data into analog media for the users of the telephony devices.
• digital data from IP encapsulated packets are received from the network 40 .
• the codec at the receiving endpoint converts the digital voice, video or fax data from the network 40 into analog media to be played to the users of the telephony devices.
• Gateway 42 may accomplish several functions, as converting analog or digital circuit-switched data transmitted by PSTN 41 to packetized data transmitted by network 40 and vice-versa.
• gateway 42 retrieves the data contained in the incoming packets and converts this digital data to the analog or digital format used by the PSTN trunk to which gateway 42 is coupled. Since the digital format for voice transmissions over an IP network is often different than the format used on the digital trunks of PSTN 41 , the gateway provides conversion between these different digital formats, which is referred to as transcoding.
• Gateway 42 also translates between the VoIP call control system and other signaling protocols (e.g., SS7, T1, ISDN, etc.), used in PSTN 41 .
• signaling protocols e.g., SS7, T1, ISDN, etc.
• gateway 42 takes the incoming voice transmission (in either analog or digital form) and converts it into the digital format used by network 40 .
• the digital data is then encapsulated into IP packets and transmitted over network 40 .
• FIG. 2 illustrates a multipoint communication conference between participants using endpoints 32 - 35 .
• the conference is hosted by MCU 38 .
• endpoints 32 - 35 include similar components and functionality, it should be recognized that all endpoints coupled with network 40 may include the components and functionality described with regard to endpoint 32 .
• Endpoint 32 includes a processor 50 , memory 52 , a network interface and a codec 56 .
• Endpoint 32 also includes a user interface 58 , which may include a microphone, video camera, speaker, keyboard, video display, LCD display and/or other device. In accordance with another embodiment, user interface 58 may be coupled with components that include a microphone, video camera, speaker, keyboard, video display and/or other device, rather than incorporating such components into endpoint 32 .
• Participant 31 participates on a conference hosted by MCU 38 using endpoint 32 .
• Endpoints 33 - 35 include similar or identical components to endpoint 32 , having similar functionality.
• MCU 38 acts as an intermediary during the multipoint communication conference, collects all audio and/or video streams transmitted by the participants through their endpoints and distributes such streams to the participants of the multipoint conference at their endpoints.
• IP Internet Protocol
• MCU 38 utilizes certain resources to effectively host each conference.
• “resources” should be understood to include any hardware or software component utilized by an MCU for hosting a conference between participants using endpoints.
• Conference resources may include, for example, bandwidth, communication ports and DSP resources for transcoding or mixing.
• Resources available to MCUs may be utilized across any number of conferences taking place at the same time between any number of endpoints. For example, if an MCU has a certain number of communication ports available for conference use, one conference may utilize some of the communication ports while another conference taking place at the same time may utilize the rest of the communication ports. If conference participants leave a conference, the communication ports and other resources utilized by those conference participants may be made available to other conferences.
• Conference systems typically utilize various ways to manage resources reserved for various conferences. Some systems aggressively reclaim resources for use by other conferences or systems when a participant leaves an active conference or when participants are late in arriving. This aggressive reclamation provides good resource management for use of the resources by other conferences. However, this results in a low quality of service because of decreased service availability in that participants who leave a conference or who are late in arriving may be unable to rejoin or join the conference because there may be not be enough remaining resources reserved for the conference, particularly when resources are tight or limited with respect to a particular conference or conference system.
• CCC Cisco Conference Connection
• a conference participant such as participant 31 may use their endpoint (e.g., endpoint 32 ) to indicate to an MCU hosting the conference that the participant will be temporarily leaving the conference at a certain point in the future.
• Receiving this indication enables the MCU to reserve resources for the participant upon their return to the conference (i.e., “save the spot” of the participant).
• Such reservation avoids reclamation of the resources by the MCU.
• reclaiming resources shall mean causing the resources to be no longer designated as required for or otherwise reserved for a particular conference. Thus, reclaimed resources may be allocated or utilized elsewhere.
• the indication of the participant to temporarily leave the conference can be generalized so that a conference moderator who is responsible for the conference may ask for a guarantee of resources they have requested but that may not currently be in use.
• a conference participant or moderator may indicate their intent to use or re-use conference resources in any of a variety of ways, such as dual tone multi-frequency (DTMF) sequences prior to leaving a conference, DTMF sequences when they join a conference, IP Phone soft-key button (e.g., through a Cisco 7920 model phone), web interface, e-mail notification, spoken command, Instant Message (IM) interaction with other participants or with a conference entity such as an MCU or spoken command via adaptive speech recognition (ASR).
• DTMF dual tone multi-frequency
• IP Phone soft-key button e.g., through a Cisco 7920 model phone
• IM Instant Message
• ASR adaptive speech recognition
• such indication may be communicated to an MCU on a device other than the endpoint through which a participant will participate on a conference.
• a participant may indicate their desire for an MCU to save the participant's spot on a conference (i.e., reserve resources sufficient to allow the participant to join or rejoin the conference) through the web on a PC even though the participant will actually join the conference using an IP phone or a mobile phone.
• participant desires concerning joining a conference may be integrated with e-mail or calendaring programs, such as Microsoft OutlookTM for communication of such desires to an MCU hosting a conference.
• Such integration may include communicating selections of a possible participant regarding conference participation, such as “Accept,” “Reject,” “Maybe” or “Yes, but I will be late.”
• intent to leave and rejoin a conference may be communicated by a participant through e-mail programs or spoken command via ASR as the participant is currently participating on the conference.
• Resources reserved to allow a participant to join or rejoin a conference may be reserved until the participant expresses an intent not to join or rejoin the conference or for a specified amount of time (e.g., thirty minutes). Such amount of time may be specified by the participant, a conference moderator or an MCU administrator or may be set as a default of the MCU system.
• Particular embodiments described herein may be used in a variety of conference circumstances.
• the teachings herein may also be applied, for example, to a situation wherein all current participants of a conference desire to leave and rejoin the conference at a later time or from another facility.
• the last participant to leave or disconnect from the conference might otherwise trigger the closure of the conference itself.
• particular embodiments of the present invention will allow this conference to continue with its current resources, as one or more participants may indicate a desire for the resources needed for all participants to be reserved so that the conference may be reestablished at a later time or when the participants are at other facilities, as desired.
• one or more participants may communicate an indication to an MCU 38 to reserve resources unless the participants explicitly indicate a desire for the resources required for their participation to be released.
• Such reservation indication may be communicated to the MCU at any time, such as prior to or even during a conference to which the participants are not currently connected, and using any suitable method, such as those described above with respect to a participant indicating their desire to temporarily leave and subsequently rejoin a conference. If a participant makes such an indication, then even if the participant does not call into MCU 38 to join the conference on time or leaves an active conference, resources may still be reserved for the participant.
• a participant may unexpectedly leave a conference, particularly if the participant is participating on the conference through certain types of endpoints (e.g., a mobile or cell phone that unexpectedly loses service or connection with the call as a result of a poor coverage area or other problem). If the participant had made an indication to reserve conference resources for the participant's participation, then even if the participant unexpectedly gets disconnected then the resources it requires for participation will not be reclaimed.
• endpoints e.g., a mobile or cell phone that unexpectedly loses service or connection with the call as a result of a poor coverage area or other problem.
• spots for participants on calls may be saved (i.e., sufficient resources may be reserved to allow participation for the participants on the conference) based on certain classes of participants, such as participants internal or external to a certain organization. For example, resources for a certain number of participants from a certain organization may be reserved until those participants either join the conference or indicate a desire to give up their reserved resources.
• the class of participants may be determined or identified by an MCU according to caller ID, user identification or other information. Participants also may reserve spots on a call for other participants unable to make such reservation indication for themselves (e.g., a consultant or third party).
• MCU 38 may be able to determine whether the participant at an endpoint purposely leaves a conference (e.g., by pressing an “end” button or powering off a mobile phone) or whether the participant leaves a conference without choosing to do so (e.g., as a result of loss of service or connection). Such determination may be made through the difference in signaling between calls that are terminated as a result of a user intentionally hanging up the call and calls that are disconnected/dropped because of a loss of radio signal to the mobile phone.
• endpoints such as mobile phones and IP phones, may include such differing signaling.
• the MCU 38 may reserve resources used by the participant on the conference for a predetermined amount of time so that the participant may return to the conference if desired.
• conference participants using certain endpoints such as mobile phones may have more latitude with respect to available resources when leaving and subsequently returning to a conference.
• participants joining or rejoining a conference may be identified when they join or rejoin through a password, a number from which the participant is calling or otherwise. In this manner, resources (e.g., an MCU port) may be reserved for a specific participant, and utilization by that participant may thus be ensured.
• MCU 38 may call out to participant endpoints to establish a conference.
• An MCU “calls” a participant endpoint when it attempts to establish a communication session with the participation endpoint through dialing a number or otherwise.
• a request for resource reservation may be inferred from the state of a participant endpoint when called. For example, if MCU 38 calls endpoint 32 of conference participant 31 to establish a conference with other participants, endpoint 32 may be in a “busy” or “do not disturb” state. MCU 38 may interpret such state as a resource reservation request for participant 31 so that resources required for participation by participant 31 are not reclaimed or otherwise made available for other conferences.
• MCU 38 may not interpret this lack of answer as a resource reservation request and may reclaim and utilize resources previously reserved for participant 31 in other conferences or as otherwise needed.
• an expected arrival time of a conference participant may be determined or inferred by an MCU from based on the participant's status (e.g., “busy”) or scheduled appointments. Resources may be reserved by the MCU for the participant accordingly.
• particular embodiments of the present invention provide improved resource utilization since resources may be reserved or reclaimed based on desires or needs of current participants, as such desires or needs are communicated to a conference entity. Moreover, likelihood of losing a conference or losing key conference participants as a result of resource reclamation is reduced, and participants are able to rejoin a conference as desired.
• FIG. 3 is a flowchart illustrating a method for managing conference resources, in accordance with a particular embodiment of the present invention.
• the method begins at step 100 where a conference is hosted between a plurality of participants using a first amount of resources.
• the conference may be hosted by an MCU communicating with endpoints of the plurality of participants, and the MCU may be using communication port, DSP and other resources to host the conference.
• an indication is received from a first participant of the plurality of participants that the first participant will rejoin if disconnected from the conference.
• the indication may be received while the first participant is participating on the conference and may be received through DTMF, e-mail, web, IM or spoken command via ASR communication.
• the first participant disconnects from the conference.
• a sufficient amount of resources e.g., communication ports, DSP resources for transcoding or mixing, etc.
• resources are reserved at step 106 to allow the first participant to rejoin the conference.
• Such reservation is made based on the previous indication by the first participant that the first participant will rejoin the conference.
• the resource reservation prevents the sufficient amount of resources from being reclaimed and used at another conference hosted by the MCU.
• the reserved resources may be associated with the first participant via the first participant's user ID and password. In other embodiments, the reserved resources may be associated with the first participant via the first participant's user ID and the calling number of the phone of the first participant or otherwise.
• the first participant may thus rejoin the conference using the sufficient amount of resources reserved.
• the sufficient amount of resources previously reserved to allow the first participant to rejoin the conference are reclaimed in step 110 .
• Such reclamation means that the resources are no longer designated as required, or otherwise reserved, for a particular conference and thus may be allocated or utilized elsewhere, such as by another conference.
• the sufficient amount of resources are reclaimed upon expiration of a predetermined amount of time after the first participant disconnects from the conference.
• the predetermined amount of time may be specified by the first participant, by a conference administrator or by any other suitable user or method.

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• 2004
  • 2004-01-08 US US10/754,963 patent/US8296361B1/en active Active

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