US9569991B2

US9569991B2 - Pixel circuit, display device, and inspection method

Info

Publication number: US9569991B2
Application number: US14/276,392
Authority: US
Inventors: Yuichi Maekawa; Koichi Miwa
Original assignee: Global OLED Technology LLC
Current assignee: Global OLED Technology LLC
Priority date: 2009-11-10
Filing date: 2014-05-13
Publication date: 2017-02-14
Also published as: EP2499632A1; EP2499632A4; US20140239961A1; US8754882B2; TW201128610A; JP5503255B2; CN102598097A; JP2011102879A; KR20120105453A; WO2011059867A8; WO2011059867A1; US20130016083A1

Abstract

Checking failures in transistors including driving transistors, switching transistors, and sampling transistors before light emitting elements are formed in a display device. I-V characteristics including threshold voltage of the driving transistor 10C in one pixel circuit can be detected. In a pixel circuit, the sampling transistor 10A and switching transistor 10D are made conductive and the signal potential is given to the gate electrode of the driving transistor 10C from the signal line DTCm. At this time, the current which flows between the drain electrode and source electrode of driving transistor 10C flows through the switching transistor 10D and a reference potential line Vref_r to a test point, and is measured by a current measuring device connected to the test point.

Description

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/508,713, filed Oct. 5, 2012 entitled “PIXEL CIRCUIT, DISPLAY DEVICE, AND INSPECTION METHOD” by Yuichi Maekawa and Koichi Miwa, which is a National Stage Entry of International Application No. PCT/US2010/55368, filed Nov. 4, 2010, and claims the benefit of JP 2009-257527 filed on Nov. 10, 2009, which are hereby incorporated by reference for all purposes as if fully set forth herein.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to a pixel circuit which drives light emitting elements using a driving transistor, a display device, and an inspection method.

BACKGROUND ART

With a display device that uses current drive type light emitting elements, such as an organic EL element (OLED), a driving transistor is normally arranged in a pixel circuit. A display is operated by driving the driving transistor based on display signals. However, because OLED is a current driven element, variable output current of the driving transistor is directly connected to a deterioration of visual quality. Therefore, a wide variety of proposals have been made to control variable driving current for example as in patent reference 1.

PRIOR ART REFERENCES Patent References

[Patent reference 1] Japanese unexamined patent application No. 2003-271095

[Patent reference 2] Japanese unexamined patent application No. 2004-191603

GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Problems to be Solved by the Invention

A switching transistor is used in the patent reference 1 to control the variation in the driving current, and the source electrode of this switching transistor and the cathode electrode of a light emitting element are common. Thus, the source electrode of the switching transistor is in an open state before the light emitting elements are formed and it is difficult to conduct an inspection in such case.

To conduct an inspection of pixels before the light emitting elements are formed has been proposed, for example, in patent reference 2. However, this patent reference 2 does not include a method of controlling variations in the driving current, and it is impossible to prevent deterioration of display quality as is.

Means for Solving the Problems

A pixel circuit according to the present invention comprises a sampling transistor which is connected to a signal line at one end and is turned on and off by the first scanning line; a driving transistor with a gate being connected to the other end of the sampling transistor and with a drain being connected to the first power supply; a light emitting element which is connected in between a source of the driving transistor and the second power supply and is driven by the current flowing through the said driving transistor; a retentive capacitance connected in between the gate and source of the said driving transistor; and a switching transistor which is arranged in between the source of the said driving transistor and a reference potential line and turned on and off by the second scanning line. The said sampling transistor and the said switching transistor are conducting during the period when a reference signal voltage is applied to the said signal line, the difference in voltage between the reference signal voltage and the reference potential is charged to the said retentive capacitance under the condition of the voltage between the gate and source of the said driving transistor being equal to or greater than the threshold voltage of the said driving transistor, and the source voltage of the said driving transistor is set to the reference potential in order to make the voltage applied to the said light emitting element equal to or lower than its threshold voltage. Subsequently, while a reference signal voltage is applied to the said signal line, the said sampling transistor and the said switching transistor are conducting and, by turning off the said switching transistor, the voltage equivalent to the threshold voltage of the said driving transistor is retained by the said retentive capacitance while maintaining the voltage applied to the said light emitting elements below its threshold voltage, and the said sampling transistor is electrically conducting to sample the said signal voltage during the period when the display signal voltage is applied to the said signal line, to superimpose the said signal voltage on the threshold voltage retained by the said retentive capacitance.

Also the present invention is a display device having a plurality of pixels arranged in a matrix, comprising a plurality of signal lines; a signal line driving circuit for driving the plurality of signal lines; a plurality of first scanning lines; a first scanning line driving circuit for driving these first scanning lines; a plurality of second scanning lines; a second scanning line driving circuit for driving these second scanning lines; and a reference potential line for supplying a reference potential. Each pixel comprises a sampling transistor, having one end connected to a signal line, and switched between on and off states by a first scanning line; a driving transistor with a gate connected to the other end of the sampling transistor and a drain connected to a first power supply; a light emitting element which is connected in between the source of the driving transistor and a second power supply and driven by the current flowing through the said driving transistor; a retentive capacitance connected between the gate and source of the said driving transistor; and a switching transistor which is arranged between the source of the said driving transistor and the reference potential line and switched between on and off states by a second scanning line. The said sampling transistor and the said switching transistor are electrically conducting during the period when a reference signal voltage is applied to the said signal line, the difference in voltage between the reference signal voltage and the reference potential is charged to the said retentive capacitance, with the voltage between the gate and source of the said driving transistor being equal to or greater than the threshold voltage of the said driving transistor, and the source voltage of the said driving transistor being set to the reference potential in order to make the voltage applied to the said light emitting element equal to or lower than its threshold voltage. Subsequently, while a reference signal voltage is applied to the said signal line, the said sampling transistor and the said switching transistor are electrically conducting and by turning off the said switching transistor, the voltage equivalent to the threshold voltage of the said driving transistor is retained by the said retentive capacitance while maintaining the voltage applied to the said light emitting elements equal to or lower than its threshold voltage, and the said sampling transistor is electrically conducting to sample the said signal voltage during the period when the display signal voltage is applied to the said signal line, to superimpose the said signal voltage on the threshold voltage retained by the said retentive capacitance.

Also, the said reference potential line is common to two rows of pixels and is preferably arranged in the row direction for every two rows of pixels.

Also, the said reference potential line is common to two columns of pixels and is preferably arranged in the column direction for every two columns of pixels.

It is preferred that the said reference potential lines are connected in a group outside of the display area where the said pixels are arranged.

It is preferred that a probe point which is connected to the said reference potential line is a probe point which can be probed by a probe from outside at least before the said light emitting elements are formed.

Also, it is preferred that the said second scanning line is common for two rows of pixels and arranged in the row direction per 2 rows of pixels.

Also, it is preferred that the current-voltage characteristic of the driving transistor is measured before the said light emitting elements are formed, by connecting a probe to the reference potential line, controlling the said sampling transistor and the on and off states of the switching transistor, and detecting current which flows out from the reference potential line.

Advantages of the Invention

According to the present invention, threshold voltage at which current starts to flow in the driving transistor is corrected in a pixel circuit, thereby making variations in the driving current small. Also, the cost reduction can be realized by not sending defective products to the next step, because pixels can be inspected before the said light emitting elements are formed.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1A is a block diagram of the present invention.

FIG. 1B is a block diagram of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a pixel circuit of the present invention.

FIG. 3 shows operating waveforms of the present invention.

FIG. 4A is an explanatory diagram of the present invention.

FIG. 4B is an explanatory diagram of the present invention.

FIG. 4C is an explanatory diagram of the present invention.

FIG. 4D is an explanatory diagram of the present invention.

FIG. 4E is an explanatory diagram of the present invention.

FIG. 4F is an explanatory diagram of the present invention.

FIG. 4G is an explanatory diagram of the present invention.

FIG. 4H is an explanatory diagram of the present invention.

FIG. 4J is an explanatory diagram of the present invention.

FIG. 4K is an explanatory diagram of the present invention.

FIG. 5A is a block diagram of the present invention.

FIG. 5B is an explanatory diagram of the present invention.

MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

An embodiment of the present invention will be explained based on the figures below.

A block diagram of the entire display device according to the embodiment is indicated in FIG. 1A. As illustrated, pixels (0,0) to (2n+1, m+1) are arranged in a matrix in a display area. A signal line DTC is provided in the column direction for each column of pixels. A first scanning line DSR is provided for each row of pixels. Second scanning lines RSR and reference potential lines Vref_r are provided for each two rows of pixels. Two of the first scanning lines DSR are arranged in between two rows of pixels and are connected on both upper and lower sides to respective rows of pixels. The second scanning lines RSR and the reference potential lines Vref_r are arranged between rows of pixels where there is no first scanning line DSR arranged, and each is connected to upper and lower pixels.

Also, a signal line driving circuit DR for controlling the column direction signal lines, a first scanning line DSR in the row direction a first scanning line driving circuit SR1 for controlling the first scanning line DSR, and a second scanning line driving circuit SR2 for controlling a second scanning line RSR in the row direction are arranged outside the display section in which pixels (0,0) to (2n+1, m+1) are arranged. The second scanning line RSR and the reference potential line Vref_r are commonly connected to the pixels of two rows on upper and lower sides.

Also, the reference potential line Vref_r may be in a column direction. In this case, the reference potential line Vref_r is common for every two columns and connected to the pixels in left and right two columns. This configuration is indicated in FIG. 1B. Hereinafter, the reference potential line Vref_r in the row direction will be described.

FIG. 2 shows the actual structure of a pixel circuit contained in the display device of FIG. 1. Since the second scanning lines RSR and the reference potential lines Vref_r are each shared by two rows, 2 pixels are illustrated in this figure. As shown in FIG. 2, this pixel circuit comprises a light emitting element 10E which emits light as a result of current flow, such as an OLED (organic EL element), a sampling transistor 10A, a driving transistor 10C, a switching transistor 10D, and a retentive capacitance 10B. A gate of the sampling transistor 10A is connected to the first scanning line DSR while one end is connected to the column direction signal line DTC and the other end is connected to the gate of the driving transistor 10C. The drain electrode of the driving transistor 10C is connected to the power supply VCC and the source electrode is connected to the anode of a current drive type light emitting element 10E such as an organic EL element. The cathode of the light emitting element 10E is connected to a cathode power supply VEE. Also, a retentive capacitance 10B is connected in between the gate of the driving transistor 10C and the source electrode. One end of a switching transistor 10D is connected in between the source of the driving transistor 10C and the anode of the light emitting element 10E, and the other end as well as the gate electrode are connected to the other end and the gate electrode of switching transistor 11D of the neighboring pixel.

In FIG. 2, the upper section is pixel 10, the lower section is pixel 11 and each element in the lower pixel is given symbols 11A to 11E.

FIG. 2 shows first scanning lines DSR arranged at a one-pixel spacing along a column, so that the number of lines in between pixels is 1, 3, . . . . Alternatively, first scanning lines DSR may be arranged at a two-pixel spacing as shown in FIGS. 1A, B as mentioned above.

FIG. 3 indicates a timing chart. FIGS. 4A to 4K illustrate operations of each step.

FIG. 4A shows a light emitting period.

Sampling transistors

10A, 11A and switching

transistors

10D, 11D are turned off, while the

light emitting elements

10E, 11E emit light as a result of the current which is supplied from the driving

transistors

10C, 11C.

FIG. 4B is a threshold detection period, and the sampling transistor 10A is made conductive by making the signal line DTCm a reference potential Vref with the first scanning line DSR being at H level. By doing so, the voltage of the gate electrode of the driving transistor 10C becomes Vref. Meanwhile, the voltage of the source electrode of the driving transistor 10C is made Vref_r by turning on the switching transistor 10D with the second scanning line RSR being at H level. The difference in voltage of Vref and Vref_r is made greater than the threshold voltage of the driving transistor 10C, and the voltage of the source electrode of the driving transistor 10C is made equal to or lower than the threshold voltage Vth_10E of the light emitting element 10E. That is, the following relationships are satisfied: Vgs_10C=Vref−Vref_r>Vth_10C, VEE+Vth_10E>Vref_r

Consequently, although the driving transistor 10 is turned on, current is not applied to the light emitting element 10E. In the retentive capacitance 10B, Vgs_10C is retained.

FIG. 4C is a sampling period for 2×(n−4)th column and 2×(n−3)th column. It is therefore necessary to ensure that there is no impact on pixels of columns other than this. Therefore, the

sampling transistors

10A and 11A are made non-conductive.

FIG. 4D is a threshold detection preparation period for pixels. The signal line DTCm is set to the reference potential Vref, the

sampling transistors

10A and 11A are made conductive, and so the gate electrodes of the driving

transistors

10C and 11C are set to Vref. The switching

transistors

10D, 11D are made conductive to make the voltage of Vgs_10C, Vgs_11C between the gate electrode and source electrode of the driving

transistors

10C, 11C greater than the threshold voltage Vth_10C, Vth_11C and also to make the voltages applied to light emitting

elements

10E, 11E equal to or lower than their threshold voltages.

This is expressed in the relationships below:
Vgs_10C=Vref−Vref_r>Vth

_10C

1
Vgs_11C=Vref−Vref_r>Vth

_11C

2
VEE+Vth_10E>V

ref_r

3
VEE+Vth_11E>V

ref_r

4

The second scanning line here is common per two lines, the pixel having address (2n, m) requires a threshold detection period longer by 1 H than the pixel having address (2n+1, m). Also in FIG. 3, threshold detection period for the pixel having address (2n, m) is set to 1 H, the pixel having address (2n+1, m) is set to 2 H, but the steps should be repeated until the conditions of equation 1-4 are met. The retentive capacitance 10B and parasitic capacitance are discharged enough as to satisfy the above equations.

FIG. 4D is a threshold detection period for pixels. The signal line DTCm is set to the reference potential Vref, the

sampling transistors

10A and 11A are made conductive, and so the gate electrodes of the driving

transistors

10C and 11C are set to Vref. In order to detect threshold voltages of the driving

transistors

10C, 11C, the switching

transistors

10D, 11D are therefore made non-conductive. Consequently, the state is maintained with driving

transistors

10C, 11C being on and no current flowing in the

light emitting elements

10E, 11E, and the voltage Vgs between the gate electrode and the source electrode of the driving

transistors

10C, 11C should be set to the threshold voltage of each transistor. The difference in voltage between Vref and Vref_r stored in the

retentive capacitances

10B, 11B evolves towards the threshold voltage of each transistor.

FIG. 4F is a sampling preparation period of “F” steps: 2×(n−3)+1th row, 2×(n−2)th row, 2×(n−2)+1th row, 2×(n−1)th row and 2×(n−1)+1th row. It is therefore necessary to ensure that there is no impact on pixels of rows other than these. The

sampling transistors

10A and 11A are therefore made non-conductive. In this period the voltage of the previous threshold detection period is retained for each electrode.

The process of FIGS. 4E and 4F is repeated until the voltage Vgs between the gate electrode and the source electrode of the driving transistor becomes the threshold voltage Vth. In the figures, it is repeated 5 times. At this time, the voltage Vs of the source electrode of the driving

transistors

10C, 11C are as below:
Vs_1C=Vref− Vth

_10C

5
Vs_11C=Vref−Vth_11C 6
Therefore, Vth_10C, Vth_11C are held in the

retentive capacitances

10B, 11B respectively.

Also at this time, the voltages applied to the

light emitting elements

10E, 11E must be less than the threshold voltages Vth_10E, Vth_11E. That is, the following relationships must be satisfied:
VEE+Vth_10E>Vs_10C 7
VEE+Vth_11E>Vs_11C 8

For column 2n, Vref must satisfy formula 9 which is obtained from formulae 5 and 7, and Vref_r must satisfy equation 1.
VEE+Vth_10E+Vth_10C>Vref 9

FIG. 4G is a sampling period for sampling signal voltage Vsig0 by setting the signal line to a desired signal voltage Vsig0 and making the sampling transistor 10A conductive. The gate electrode potential of the driving transistor 10C changes from Vref to Vsig0.

At this time, the source electrode voltage of the driving transistor 10C becomes:
Vs_10C=Vref−Vth_10C+(Vsig0−Vref)×Cap_10E/(Cap_10B+Cap_10E)+VEE×Cap_10B/(Cap_10B+Cap_10E)={Cap_10B×(VEE+Vref+Cap_10E×Vsig0}/(Cap_10B+Cap_10E)−Vth_10C
The voltage between the gate electrode and source electrode becomes:
Vgs_10C=Cap_10B/(Cap_10B+Cap_10E)(Vsig0−VEE−Vref)+Vth_10C

In FIG. 4H, the

sampling transistors

10A, 11A are non-conductive, and therefore the potential of the previous step is retained for each electrode.

FIG. 4J is the final threshold detecting period of 2n+1th column, and the sampling transistor 10A is made non-conductive while 11A is conductive.

FIG. 4K is a sampling period for sampling signal voltage Vsig1 by setting the signal line to a desired signal voltage Vsig1 and sampling Vsig1 with the sampling transistor 11A. The gate electrode potential of the driving transistor 11C changes from Vref to Vsig1.

At this time, the source electrode of the driving transistor 11C becomes:
Vs_11C=Vref−Vth_11C+(Vsig0−Vref)×Cap_11E/(Cap_11B+Cap_11E)+VEE×Cap_11B/(Cap_11B+Cap_11E)
The voltage between the gate electrode and source electrode becomes:
Vgs_11C=Cap_11B/(Cap_11B+Cap_11E)×(Vsig0−VEE−Vref)+Vth_11E

A characteristic formula for Ids of a driving transistor is expressed by Ids=β/2(Vgs−Vth)². If Vgs_10C and Vgs_11C are respectively input, the formula becomes:
Ids1=β/2×{Cap_10B/(Cap_10B+Cap_10E)×(Vsig0−VEE−Vref)}²
Ids1=β/2×{Cap_11B/(Cap_11B+Cap_11E)×(Vsig1−VEE−Vref)}²
The term Vth is corrected, and variations in drive current can be suppressed.

FIG. 5A is an overall view of checking failures in transistors, driving transistors, and switching transistors by sampling a signal level before light emitting elements are formed. The reference potential lines Vref_r are terminated outside of a display area and a certain number of lines are connected in a group. The number of the reference potential lines Vref_r to be connected together is determined considering the number of current measuring devices, measurement time, and S/N ratio. In the figure, Vref_r_0 and Vref_r_n are connected together. And to one end of the connected reference potential line Vref_r, a probe point for measurement is formed.

FIG. 5B indicates a pixel circuit before light emitting element 10E is formed, when checking failures in sampling transistor 10A, driving transistor 10C, and switching transistor 10D by sampling a signal level before light emitting elements are formed. That is, when the light emitting element 10E is formed, the source of the driving transistor 10C is connected to the anode of the light emitting elements 10E, but this connection does not exist before the light emitting element 10E is formed.

The sampling transistor 10A and the switching transistor 10D are made conductive and the signal potential is given to the gate electrode of the driving transistor 10C from the signal line DTCm. At this time, the current which flows between the drain electrode and source electrode of the driving transistor 10C is measured at the probe point connected to Vref_r to check failures. That is, the second scanning line RSR is set to H level and the first scanning line DSR is sequentially made H level. By doing so, the sampling transistors 10A of corresponding pixel are turned on, the potential of the signal line DTC is brought into a pixel, a corresponding current flows, and the current flowing from the probe point to an external ground is measured using a measuring device to confirm operation of pixel circuit.

In particular, I-V characteristics including threshold voltage of the driving transistor 10C in one pixel circuit can be detected.

Also, by turning on the signal line DTC one by one, inspection of pixels can be conducted one by one, but failure in an element can be detected even when inspecting a group of pixels.

Although an n-channel transistor is used in the embodiment above, p-channel transistor may also be used. When a p-channel transistor is used as the driving transistor 10C, the source electrode is arranged on the power supply VCC side and the light emitting element 10E and the retentive capacitance 10B are also arranged on the power supply VCC side.

According to the embodiment of this display device, the threshold voltage at which current starts to flow in the driving transistor is corrected in each pixel circuit to make variations in the driving current small. Before light emitting elements are formed, pixels can be inspected to check for faults in sampling transistors, driving transistors, and switching transistors. Consequently, by not sending defective products to the next step, cost reduction is realized.

DESCRIPTION OF THE SYMBOLS

10, 11 pixels, 10A, 11A sampling transistors, 10B, 11B retentive capacitances, 10C, 11C driving transistors, 10D, 11D switching transistors, 10E, 11E light emitting elements.

Claims

The invention claimed is:

1. A method of inspecting a device having

a plurality of signal lines,

a plurality of first scanning lines,

a plurality of second scanning lines,

a plurality of pixels arranged in a matrix,

a test point outside the matrix of pixels, and

a reference potential line for supplying reference potential to the plurality of pixels and connected to the test point,

each pixel further comprising

a sampling transistor having a gate electrode controlled by a third scanning line from among the plurality of first scanning lines and a second electrode connected to a first signal line from among the plurality of signal lines,

a driving transistor having a gate electrode connected to a third electrode of the sampling transistor and a drain electrode connected to a first power supply line,

a connection point at a source electrode of the driving transistor for connection to a light emitting element,

a storage capacitor connected between the gate and source electrodes of the driving transistor, and

a switching transistor having a gate electrode controlled by a fourth scanning line from among the plurality of second scanning lines, a second electrode connected to the source electrode of the driving transistor, and a third electrode connected to the reference potential line,

the method comprising:

(a) connecting a current measuring device to the test point;

(b) controlling the sampling transistor and the switching transistor of exactly one of the plurality of pixels to be switched on;

(c) applying a sequence of voltages to a second signal line from the plurality of signal lines;

(d) measuring current flowing through the test point.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein steps (b), (c), and (d) are repeated for a succession of pixels, one by one.

3. The method of claim 1, further comprising

(e) determining a failure based on one or more measured currents.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein, upon identification of the device as a defective product, the device is removed from a subsequent manufacturing step.

5. A method of inspecting a device having

a plurality of signal lines,

a plurality of first scanning lines,

a plurality of second scanning lines,

a plurality of pixels arranged in a matrix,

a test point outside the matrix of pixels, and

each pixel further comprising

the method comprising:

(a) connecting a current measuring device to the test point;

(b) controlling the sampling transistors and the switching transistors of a group of two or more of the plurality of pixels to be switched on;

(d) measuring current flowing through the test point.