USRE30912E - Stent for heart valve - Google Patents
Stent for heart valve Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- USRE30912E USRE30912E US05/915,451 US91545178A USRE30912E US RE30912 E USRE30912 E US RE30912E US 91545178 A US91545178 A US 91545178A US RE30912 E USRE30912 E US RE30912E
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- arms
- framework
- portions
- heart valve
- apical portions
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/24—Heart valves ; Vascular valves, e.g. venous valves; Heart implants, e.g. passive devices for improving the function of the native valve or the heart muscle; Transmyocardial revascularisation [TMR] devices; Valves implantable in the body
- A61F2/2412—Heart valves ; Vascular valves, e.g. venous valves; Heart implants, e.g. passive devices for improving the function of the native valve or the heart muscle; Transmyocardial revascularisation [TMR] devices; Valves implantable in the body with soft flexible valve members, e.g. tissue valves shaped like natural valves
- A61F2/2418—Scaffolds therefor, e.g. support stents
Definitions
- This invention relates to a supporting framework, or stent, for a natural or synthetic heart valve.
- the present invention provides a stent for natural or synthetic heart valves that results in an improved means for supporting and grafting the heart valve in the patient.
- This invention makes possible the preparation of natural heart valves, such as those from animals or from humans, which are applied to the stents under controlled conditions and may be stored suitably so that an adequate supply of the heart valves may be maintained.
- the stent is usable for valves to be used in both the aortic and mitral positions. It comprises a frame of generally tubular configuration that includes three arcuate apexes interconnected by support arms. The apexes are positioned at the approximate locations of the aortic commissures. By having an arcuate contour, they have a finite dimension in a direction circumferential of the stent, so that dimension variations in the valves may be accommodated. Upper and lower support arms interconnect the apexes, being scalloped to extend downwardly intermediate the apexes. Both serve as a means for securing the perimeter of the valve cusps to the stent by suturing or other appropriate means.
- the stent is of deflectable material, such as stainless steel having some malleability, so that the upper support arms may be bent upwardly.
- deflectable material such as stainless steel having some malleability
- this increases the spacing of the arms from the central axis of the stent, so that the stent may be increased in width to fit individual valves of different configurations.
- the scalloped shape of the upper arms also allows placement of the valve in the aortic position without obstructing the coronary ostia.
- the stent When the stent is used for valves that are to be installed in the mitral position, it may be provided with a ring outwardly of the lower support arms. This ring provides a means for affixing the stent to the heart. A felt ring is secured to the stent at the location of the attaching ring, providing a hemodynamic seal and a suitable bed over which tissue can be attached. The mitral leaflet and endocardium are brought over the atrial aspect of the attaching ring and affixed to the felt ring.
- An object of this invention is to provide an improved stent for natural or synthetic heart valves.
- Another object of this invention is to provide a heart valve stent that can accommodate valves of different dimensions.
- a further object of this invention is to provide an arrangement by which a heart valve is supported on a stent and secured so that only tissue or other material that does not promote the formation of clots will be exposed in critical areas of the heart when clotting might occur.
- An additional object of this invention is to provide a stent that permits advance preparation under controlled conditions of heart valves which may be stored under suitable conditions until required.
- a still further object of this invention is to provide a stent contoured to accommodate animal heart valves for use in xenografts.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the stent of this invention constructed for use in the aortic position;
- FIG. 2 is an enlarged fragmentary sectional view taken along line 2--2 of FIG. 1, illustrating the rounded cross-sectional contour of the elements of the stent;
- FIG. 3 is a perspective view, partialy broken away, showing the stent of FIG. 1 with an aortic valve affixed thereto;
- FIG. 4 is a side elevational view of the stent, showing how the support arms may be deflected for increasing the transverse dimension;
- FIG. 5 is a perspective view of the stent constructed for use in the mitral position
- FIG. 6 is a perspective view, partially broken away, of an assembly of the stent of FIG. 5 and a heart valve;
- FIG. 7 is a perspective view, partially broken away, illustrating a modified attachment of the heart valve to the stent
- FIG. 8 is an enlarged sectional view taken along line 8--8 of FIG. 7;
- FIG. 9 is a sectional view similar to FIG. 8 with the addition of a ring around the outer perimeter of the assembly;
- FIG. 10 is a view similar to FIG. 9, but in which a cloth member has been applied over the stent prior to attachment of the heart valve;
- FIG. 11 is a perspective view, partially broken away, of a heart valve assembly for use in the mitral position in which a cloth covering is provided over certain marginal portions;
- FIG. 12 is a perspective view of a heart valve for use in the mitral position in which there is a cloth attaching ring instead of a metal ring;
- FIG. 13 is an enlarged sectional view taken along line 13--13 of FIG. 12.
- the stent 10 shown in FIGS. 1, 2 and 3 is for use in the aortic or pulmonary location. It constitutes an annular framework, circular in plan, that may be constructed of noncorrosive metal, such as stainless steel, or of plastic. When made of metal, it should have some malleability which permits the device to be deflected to alter its shape slightly from that illustrated. This has the advantage of allowing it to accommodate valves of different dimensions, as will be explained below.
- the metal stent is produced from a single piece of material. This avoids any welded, brazed or other connections, eliminating the likelihood of galvanic corrosion after it has been implanted. All portions of the stent are rounded at their edges so that no sharp corners are presented (see FIG. 2).
- the stent 10 includes three apical portions 11, 12 and 13, which are of generally oval shape including rounded upper portions.
- the central areas 14, 15 and 16 of the apical portions 11, 12 and 13 are cut away.
- the apical portions are not distributed evenly around the perimeter of the stent 10.
- the spacing between the apical portions 11 and 13 is less than that between the other two adjoining apexes.
- the spacing between the apexes 11 and 13 is within the range of approximately 17% to 33% under the spacing of the other apexes, preferably around 20% to 25% less. This is in order that the stent will conform to the spacing of the commissures of the valve to be applied to it, which, for animals, is very close to this proportioning.
- upper support bars 18, 19 and 20 Interconnecting the lower sides of the apical portions 11, 12 and 13 are upper support bars 18, 19 and 20. These are scalloped, being curved away from the apical portions 11, 12 and 13 so that they are concave toward the end of the stent where the apical parts are located.
- an animal aortic valve 28 is associated with the stent 10 for use in a xenograft.
- the valve 28 is secured to the stent by appropriate means, such as sutures 29.
- the valve commissures are positioned at the apexes, while the margins of the cusps conform to the scalloped configuration of the support arms.
- the marginal portions 30 and 31 of the valve cusps are extended over the support arms of the stent and overlap them, being doubled over the stent where the attachments are made. Consequently, the stent 10 is covered after the valve 28 is affixed.
- the presence of the various apexes and support arms assures that there is a portion of the stent conforming to the shape of the valve 28 that is available for secure attachment of all peripheral parts of the valve.
- the arcuate upper portions of the apexes 11, 12 and 13 allow latitude in positioning of the commissures of the valve. There are some dimensional differences among all natural valves, and the spacing of the commissures may vary to some degree. With the upper portions of the apexes 11, 12 and 13 being arcuate, valves of different proportions may be accommodated and allowed to assume their natural contour while still being afforded ready and appropriate locations for attachment.
- the commissures may be affixed to side portions of the apexes and thereby supported properly and in conformance with the natural valve contour.
- the stent 32 shown in FIG. 5, for mitral or tricuspid location has the same general configuration as the aortic stent, but is of larger and slightly heavier construction. Additionally, it includes an outer ring, which is used in securing the stent to the heart.
- the stent 32 as illustrated, includes rounded apexes 33, 34 and 35, each being cut away interiorly so as to be of annular and generally oval configuration.
- Downwardly scalloped upper support arms 36, 37 and 38 interconnect the apexes. Beneath the upper arms are similarly shaped but more shallowly scalloped lower support arms 40, 41 and 42. These connect at their ends to posts 43, 44 and 45 that extend below the apexes 33, 34 and 35, respectively.
- Additional short posts 46, 47 and 48 extend downwardly, as the device is shown, from the junctures between the adjacent lower support arms 40, 41 and 42. At their upper ends, the posts 46, 47 and 48 are generally parallel to the axis. The bottom portions of the posts 46, 47 and 48, however, are bent substantially at right angles to extend generally radially to an outer attaching ring 50. The latter element is circular and of greater diameter than the annulus defined by the support arms.
- valve 51 The attachment of the valve 51 to the stent 32 for the mitral position is essentially the same as that of the valve 28 to the aortic stent 10. Again, suturing 52 normally is employed to effect the attachment of the marginal portions of the valve 51.
- annular member 53 of felt or other suitable material is positioned around the stent 32 between the outer ring 50 and the annular structure provided by the posts 46, 47 and 48 and the lower arms 40, 41 and 42. The felt ring 53 provides a hemodynamic seal and a suitable bed over which tissue can be affixed.
- the mitral leaflet and the endocardium 54 are brought over the atrial aspect of the outer ring 50 (i.e., the end remote from the apexes) and affixed by sutures to the felt ring 53.
- This serves an important function in the prevention of blood clots.
- the ring 50 and other parts of the stent 32 are completely covered in the portions of the assembly that are positioned in localities of the heart where clotting is likely to take place. Therefore, in the critical zones of the heart where a thrombus may occur, any exposure of material that might promote clotting is minimized.
- the ring 50 provides a stable and secure means for affixing the stent and associated mitral valve to the heart. This is accomplished normally by sutures to attach the valve in the mitral position between the left atrium and ventricle.
- the heart valve 55 attached to the aortic stent 10 is not doubled over the upper perimeter of the stent.
- the upper margin of the heart valve is not arranged as illustrated in FIG. 3, where the margin 31 is shown doubled over the upper arms 18, 19 and 20 and the apexes 11, 12 and 13.
- the margin 56 of the heart valve 55 of FIGS. 7 and 8 is allowed to project beyond the stent to provide a free edge portion of tissue. Inwardly of this, sutures 57 secure the upper part of the heart valve to the stent.
- the marginal edge portion 56 provides a flap of material which may be used in attaching the heart valve 55 to the heart wall. This technique is preferred in some instances.
- FIG. 9 The arrangement of FIG. 9 is similar to that of FIG. 8 except that a ring has been added around the perimeter of the stent.
- This is an annular member, normally of a suitable cloth such as felt, or of sponge, held in place by sutures and extending around the exterior of the support arms below the apexes of the stent.
- This ring provides a suitable bed for fibrous ingrowth after the grafting of the valve in the heart.
- This also provides a compliant member capable of conforming to an irregular aortic root to assure a snug fit and a hemodynamic seal.
- the annulus of the valve supported on the stent often is irregular, further adding to the desirability of the exteriorly applied member in such instances.
- the ring 58 While illustrated in FIG. 9 in conjunction with an attachment of the heart valve to leave a free marginal flap 56, the ring 58 also is applicable when the heart valve is attached upon a doubling over of the tissue as indicated in FIG. 3.
- the ring 58 may be used on either the stent 10 for the aortic position or the stent 32 for the mitral position.
- FIG. 10 illustrates a further modification in which an annular cloth element 60 is provided on the stent prior to attachment of the heart valve.
- the cloth 60 is, in effect, tubular in shape, providing a sleeve that has a continuous transverse wall which overlaps and receives the upper and lower arms of the stent.
- the annular cloth member 60 does not extend over the stent apexes.
- a ring 58 will be utilized in conjunction with an assembly that embodies the annular cloth element 60.
- This cloth covering of the inner and outer stent surfaces which can be applied to either the aortic or the mitral stent, provides a means by which the tissue is more easily attached to the stent. It results also in a matrix for ingrowth and subsequent fixation of the donor valve by the host tissue.
- FIG. 11 there is illustrated a heart valve 51 on the stent 32 for use in the mitral position similar to the arrangement of FIG. 6 but with a cloth layer 62 added over the periphery of the stent and inwardly of the outer ring 50.
- the layer of cloth 62 follows the contour of the stent and is fixed in place by sutures.
- the cloth layer 62 adds a matrix for fibrous ingrowth, facilitating the binding of the host tissue to the graft tissue. It also covers the sutures and the ragged edges of the margins of the heart valve that overlap the framework of the stent, providing an assembly of an improved neat appearance.
- the stent is intended for use in the mitral position, but is constructed without the metal ring 50 around its periphery. Instead, a cloth ring is provided, which serves a similar purpose, providing a means for attachment to the heart.
- the stent 63 shown in FIG. 12 is similar to the stent 32 in that it is provided with a comparable grouping of apexes and support arms, and larger and heavier than the stents for use in the aortic position.
- a cloth ring 73 Extending around the bottom periphery of the stent is a cloth ring 73. This is of doubled-over construction, with the lower arms 70, 71 and 72 received inside it. The outer edge, where the attachment is made to complete the double-walled cloth construction, is inwardly folded, as seen in FIG. 13. At the locations of the posts 75, 76 and 77, where the lower arms are connected to the upper portion of the stent, it is necessary to omit the outer layer of the cloth ring 73, as shown in FIG. 12.
- the heart has four primary valves: two of which carry the blood away from the heart, the aortic and pulmonary valves; and two atrioventricular valves, the mitral and tricuspid valves. Since the aortic and pulmonary valves are similar in configuration as are the mitral and tricuspid valves, and since the device referred to herein as an aortic valve stent is equally suited to the pulmonary location, it is to be understood that the terms aortic and mitral are descriptive of the type of application and are not restrictive to a particular anatomic location.
- the present invention also comprehends a device in which the spacings between the various apical portions are all unequal (each space being different from each other space). Using one space as the reference the second is approximately 4-10% less than said reference (space), and the third space is 17% to 33% less than said reference (space).
- cloth may be used to cover the frame in any one of a number of configurations.
- the cloth may be a seamless cylinder, or flat stock cut, formed and seamed, or specially preformed material.
- the methods described previously in this specification are by way of specific illustration.
Abstract
Description
Claims (17)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US05/915,451 USRE30912E (en) | 1968-09-16 | 1978-06-14 | Stent for heart valve |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US75985868A | 1968-09-16 | 1968-09-16 | |
US05/915,451 USRE30912E (en) | 1968-09-16 | 1978-06-14 | Stent for heart valve |
Related Parent Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US75985868A Reissue | 1968-09-16 | 1968-09-16 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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USRE30912E true USRE30912E (en) | 1982-04-27 |
Family
ID=27116747
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US05/915,451 Expired - Lifetime USRE30912E (en) | 1968-09-16 | 1978-06-14 | Stent for heart valve |
Country Status (1)
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US (1) | USRE30912E (en) |
Cited By (87)
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US5116564A (en) * | 1988-10-11 | 1992-05-26 | Josef Jansen | Method of producing a closing member having flexible closing elements, especially a heart valve |
US5928281A (en) * | 1997-03-27 | 1999-07-27 | Baxter International Inc. | Tissue heart valves |
US6761735B2 (en) | 2002-04-25 | 2004-07-13 | Medtronic, Inc. | Heart valve fixation process and apparatus |
US20040138741A1 (en) * | 2000-07-27 | 2004-07-15 | Robert Stobie | Heart valve holders and handling clips therefor |
US20050228494A1 (en) * | 2004-03-29 | 2005-10-13 | Salvador Marquez | Controlled separation heart valve frame |
US7018403B1 (en) | 2004-09-14 | 2006-03-28 | Advanced Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. | Inclined stent pattern for vulnerable plaque |
US20060271172A1 (en) * | 2005-05-16 | 2006-11-30 | Hassan Tehrani | Minimally Invasive Aortic Valve Replacement |
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US11147667B2 (en) | 2017-09-08 | 2021-10-19 | Edwards Lifesciences Corporation | Sealing member for prosthetic heart valve |
US11318011B2 (en) | 2018-04-27 | 2022-05-03 | Edwards Lifesciences Corporation | Mechanically expandable heart valve with leaflet clamps |
US11446141B2 (en) | 2018-10-19 | 2022-09-20 | Edwards Lifesciences Corporation | Prosthetic heart valve having non-cylindrical frame |
US11399932B2 (en) | 2019-03-26 | 2022-08-02 | Edwards Lifesciences Corporation | Prosthetic heart valve |
CN110025405A (en) * | 2019-05-02 | 2019-07-19 | 武汉唯柯医疗科技有限公司 | Balloon-expandable is through conduit valve |
US11554012B2 (en) | 2019-12-16 | 2023-01-17 | Edwards Lifesciences Corporation | Valve holder assembly with suture looping protection |
US11951006B2 (en) | 2023-01-04 | 2024-04-09 | Edwards Lifesciences Corporation | Valve holder assembly with suture looping protection |
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