USRE36843E - Polymer-lithium batteries and improved methods for manufacturing batteries - Google Patents

Polymer-lithium batteries and improved methods for manufacturing batteries Download PDF

Info

Publication number
USRE36843E
USRE36843E US08/721,106 US72110696A USRE36843E US RE36843 E USRE36843 E US RE36843E US 72110696 A US72110696 A US 72110696A US RE36843 E USRE36843 E US RE36843E
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
cathode
anode
substrate
layer
iaddend
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US08/721,106
Inventor
Rickie C. Lake
John R. Tuttle
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Round Rock Research LLC
Original Assignee
Micron Technology Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Micron Technology Inc filed Critical Micron Technology Inc
Priority to US08/721,106 priority Critical patent/USRE36843E/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of USRE36843E publication Critical patent/USRE36843E/en
Assigned to KEYSTONE TECHNOLOGY SOLUTIONS, LLC reassignment KEYSTONE TECHNOLOGY SOLUTIONS, LLC ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: MICRON TECHNOLOGY, INC.
Assigned to ROUND ROCK RESEARCH, LLC reassignment ROUND ROCK RESEARCH, LLC ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: MICRON TECHNOLOGY, INC.
Assigned to MICRON TECHNOLOGY, INC. reassignment MICRON TECHNOLOGY, INC. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: KEYSTONE TECHNOLOGY SOLUTIONS, LLC
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
    • H01M4/0402—Methods of deposition of the material
    • H01M4/0414—Methods of deposition of the material by screen printing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/04—Construction or manufacture in general
    • H01M10/0436—Small-sized flat cells or batteries for portable equipment
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
    • H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
    • H01M10/0565—Polymeric materials, e.g. gel-type or solid-type
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
    • H01M4/0402—Methods of deposition of the material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
    • H01M4/0402—Methods of deposition of the material
    • H01M4/0404—Methods of deposition of the material by coating on electrode collectors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
    • H01M4/043—Processes of manufacture in general involving compressing or compaction
    • H01M4/0435—Rolling or calendering
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
    • H01M4/0483—Processes of manufacture in general by methods including the handling of a melt
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M6/00—Primary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M6/14—Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M6/18—Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte with solid electrolyte
    • H01M6/188—Processes of manufacture
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M6/00—Primary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M6/40—Printed batteries, e.g. thin film batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M6/00—Primary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M6/42—Grouping of primary cells into batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
    • Y10T29/49108—Electric battery cell making
    • Y10T29/49112—Electric battery cell making including laminating of indefinite length material
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
    • Y10T29/49108—Electric battery cell making
    • Y10T29/49114—Electric battery cell making including adhesively bonding

Definitions

  • This invention relates generally to batteries and more particularly to thin batteries constructed with polymer films. Specifically, the invention is directed to improved polymer batteries and improved methods for making polymer batteries.
  • Microelectronic components are now widely used in the production of a variety of electronic devices (e.g. portable computers, calculators, watches, cordless telephones, radios, tape recorders, security systems ). Development of such portable electronic devices has brought about the evolution of batteries as miniature power supplies. This new generation of batteries must produce higher energy per unit volume and superior discharge characteristics as compared to traditional batteries.
  • thin solid state batteries in particular, is being increasingly developed.
  • this type of thin battery is constructed with an alkali metal anode, a non-aqueous electrolyte, and cathodes of nonstoichiometric compounds.
  • Lithium is most often used as an anode material because it has a low atomic weight and is highly electronegative.
  • Such thin batteries have a high energy density, a long shelf life and operate efficiently over a wide range of temperatures.
  • Such thin polymer batteries may include anodes, electrolytes and cathodes formed as a continuous film of a polymeric material.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 4,621,035 to Bruder describes a lithium battery that includes a lithium anode formed by laminating lithium to a conductive polymer.
  • polymer battery components are typically manufactured by extruding or drawing down suitable materials, such as lithium, onto a flexible polymeric material. In general, this is a relatively complex manufacturing technique which requires relatively complicated and expensive manufacturing equipment. Furthermore, many of the difficulties in manufacturing such polymer batteries are related to handling and assembling the lithium anodes, the cathodic polymers and the electrolytic polymers. These problems are compounded because most prior art manufacturing procedures typically involve the formation of one battery cell at a time.
  • the present invention is directed to improved polymeric battery structures and improved methods for assembling such polymeric batteries. These improvements lower the manufacturing costs, increase the manufacturing efficiencies and provide improved batteries.
  • a laminated array structure having multiple battery cells e.g. thirty six
  • the laminated array may be formed by assembling separate stacks for the different components of a battery. For a single cell battery these separate stacks may include, a cathode stack, a separator/electrolyte stack, and an anode stack.
  • the individual battery cells are singulated from the array to form the individual batteries.
  • the laminated array includes multiple battery cells formed by a layered structure that includes; a cathode substrate layer including a patterned cathode mask; a cathode layer formed by depositing a patterned cathodic material onto the cathode substrate layer to form cathodes insulated by the cathode mask; a separator/electrolyte layer in contact with the cathode layer; an anode substrate layer including a patterned anode mask; and an anode layer in contact with the separator/electrolyte layer formed by applying a molten anode material such as lithium to an anode substrate to form anodes separated by the anode mask.
  • the individual batteries may be singulated from the array by a suitable technique such as cutting, shearing or die stamping.
  • the individual batteries have a laminated structure that includes a cathode substrate (i.e. a current collector), a cathode supported and insulated by the cathodic mask, a separator/electrolyte layer, an anode supported and insulated by the anode mask, and an anode substrate.
  • the laminated array my be formed with more than one stack of cells (e.g. base stack, center stack, top stack) to form a stacked or multi-cell battery structure which provides higher battery voltages.
  • Discrete, deposited patterns of cathode material are used to minimize electrical shorting of the anode to the cathode during formation of individual battery cells and singulation of the individual battery cells from the array.
  • a preferred method of depositing the cathode material is using a printing process such as pin transfer, screen or stencil printing.
  • Staggered, etched or die cut patterns can be used for the anode and cathode substrates (i.e. current collectors) to prevent or minimize electrical shorting during battery cell formation and singulation of the batteries from the array.
  • a thin film of molten lithium (e.g. lithium solder) may be deposited onto a polymer or metallic support film, in either a solid or a discrete pattern (through the use of masks and/or patterned support films) for use as an anode material in polymer-lithium batteries.
  • a higher voltage, "stacked" array of battery cells may be produced using mask layers (or patterning both sides of a single support structure) such that lithium can be clad to one side and the cathode material deposited on the opposite side.
  • a single cell battery structure may be formed by using stenciling techniques instead of conventional extrusion techniques.
  • a cathode material may be stenciled onto a current collector layer (e.g. copper) using a first stencil.
  • a second stencil slightly larger than the first, and thicker can be placed over the cathode material pattern without touching it, and an electrolyte layer can be drawn across the cathode and deposited.
  • an anode material can be applied to the electrolyte layer to complete the battery structure.
  • FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view of a laminated array constructed in accordance with the invention that contains multiple battery cells that will be singulated from the array to form individual batteries;
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the assembled laminated array showing the singulation step for separating the individual battery cells to form a number of individual batteries;
  • FIG. 3 is a partial cross sectional view through the laminated array taken along section line 3--3 of FIG. 2 showing adjacent battery cells prior to singular ion of the battery cells;
  • FIG. 4 is an exploded cross sectional view showing the construction of adjacent cells of a laminated array constructed in accordance with the invention for a stacked battery configuration
  • FIG. 4A is an exploded perspective view showing the assembly of the separate panels of a laminated array constructed in accordance with the invent ion for a stacked battery configuration
  • FIG. 5 is a partial cross sectional view showing adjacent cells of the laminated array shown in FIG. 4 after assembly;
  • FIG. 6A shows a suitable pattern for a cathode substrate layer for the laminated array shown in FIGS. 4 and 5;
  • FIG. 6B shows a suitable pattern for a separator layer for the laminated array shown in FIGS. 4 and 5;
  • FIG. 6C shows a suitable pattern for an anode substrate layer for the laminated array shown in FIGS. 4 and 5;
  • FIGS. 7, 8, and 9 are perspective views showing the assembly of a battery cell using stenciling techniques.
  • FIGS. 10A-10C are perspective views showing the assembly of a battery cell constructed using stenciling techniques.
  • the laminated array 10 includes a plurality of separate battery cells 12 (FIGS. 2 and 3) that upon formation of the laminated array 10 are singulated to form a plurality of individual batteries.
  • the laminated array 10 has a square shape and is formed with thirty six separate battery cells 12. Alternately the laminated array may include a lesser or greater number of battery cells.
  • the laminated array 10 is formed in three separate stacks including, a cathode stack 14, a separator/electrolyte stack 16 and an anode stack 18. These stacks 14, 16, 18 can be assembled separately and then lightly pressed together to complete the laminated array 10. The individual battery cells 12 can then be separated or singulated from the laminated array 10 and suitable leads can be formed to the cathode and anodes of the completed battery cells.
  • the singulation step is represented schematically in FIG. 2 by the cut lines 20. Singulation can be accomplished by cutting, shearing, die stamping or any other suitable method of separating the individual batteries 12 from the laminated array 10.
  • the cathode stack 14 includes a cathode substrate 22, a cathode mask 24, and cathodes 26 formed on the substrate 22 and separated by the cathode mask 24.
  • the substrate 22 functions as a current collector for the cathodes 26 in the separated battery cells 12.
  • the cathode substrate 22 is preferably formed of a conductive material, such as a metal foil (e.g. copper), or a conductive polymer.
  • the cathode substrate 22 may be formed of a solid sheet (i.e. panel) of material or it my be patterned in a configuration that shapes the final battery cells 12.
  • One representative pattern for the cathode substrate 22 is shown in FIG. 6A and includes solid metal areas 30 and die cut/etched areas 32. Each battery cell 12 occupies the generally square solid metal areas 30.
  • the cathode substrate 22 may also include suitable openings (not shown) for connecting leads to the cathodes 26.
  • the cathode mask 24 is formed of an insulating material.
  • the cathode mask 24 functions as a containment system for the cathodes 26.
  • the cathode mask 24 insulates the cathodes 26 and protects the cathodes 26 structurally and environmentally.
  • the cathode mask 24 provides a webbing between the individual battery cells 12 of the laminated array 10 to reduce the potential of shorting between the cells 12 during singulation of the battery cells 12.
  • the cathode mask 24 may also serve as a pattern for deposition of the cathodes 26 on the cathode substrate 22.
  • the cathode mask 24 may formed of a thin dielectric material such as an insulating tape (e.g. Kapton tape), or a dielectric paste (e.g. insulating polymer thick film dielectric inks such as DuPont 5014). These materials can be formed in a pattern to retain and insulate the cathodes 26. Moreover, the cathode mask 24 may be patterned to accommodate the shape of the battery cells 12 and the pattern of the cathode substrate 22. In the illustrative embodiment the cathode mask 24 is patterned in squares (36 squares) for the cathodes 26 substantially as shown in FIG. 1. The cathode mask 24 may be formed and patterned in advance as a separate structure by any suitable technique (e.g. die cutting, etching). Alternately, the cathode mask 24 may be formed around the cathodes 26 after formation of the cathodes 26 on the cathode substrate 22.
  • insulating tape e.g. Kapton tape
  • the cathode mask 24 is preferably formed with studs 28 (or standoffs) that will support the separator/electrolyte layer 16 in the completed battery cells 12.
  • the studs 28 also function to prevent the separator/electrolyte layer 16 from being physically pushed through the cathodes 26 to the substrate 22.
  • the cathode mask 24 and studs 28 support the cathodes 26 and prevent shorting during the singulation process.
  • the cathodes 26 are formed by depositing a suitable cathode active material onto the cathode substrate 22.
  • a preferred method of forming the cathodes 26 on the cathode substrate 22 is with a printing process such as a pin-transfer, screen or stencil printing processes.
  • a printing process such as a pin-transfer, screen or stencil printing processes.
  • Such pin transfer, screen or stencil printing processes are capable of depositing materials in high volumes and in discrete or irregular patterns.
  • printing processes can be performed with relatively inexpensive equipment using relatively simple manufacturing procedures.
  • pin-transfer, screen or stencil printing allows quick changes to be made in the thickness and shape of the deposited materials by changing the pin-array, pin head size, printing screen or stencil with minimal investment in time and equipment.
  • such printing process can be used in conjunction with a deposition pattern defined by the cathode mask 24.
  • Screen and stencil printing are commonly used in the electronics or graphic arts industry to print thick film inks or solder paste. Typically, a squeegee traverses across a patterned screen or stencil to force the material to be deposited through the screen or stencil openings to provide a printed pattern.
  • Equipment commonly used include screen printing machines are available from MPM Corporation, DEK and Presco.
  • the cathodes 26 may be formed of any suitable cathode active material that can be deposited and patterned on the cathode substrate 22.
  • the cathodes 26 can be formed of a cathode active material (e.g. iodine) and a polymer (e.g. poly-2-vinylpyridine) that react to form a conductive depolarizer.
  • a cathode active material e.g. iodine
  • a polymer e.g. poly-2-vinylpyridine
  • Such a cathode material can be formulated to flow under the heat and pressure of a pin-transfer, screen or stencil printing process in a desired pattern.
  • cathode materials include MnO 2 , PbI 2 , I 2 , NbSe 2 , NbSe 3 , MoS 2 , MoS 3 , TiS 2 , TiS 3 , TaSe 3 , TaS 2 , V 6 O 13 , CoO 2 , and MoO 2 .
  • the separator/electrolyte stack 16 is formed of a material that will function as a solid electrolyte for the completed battery cells 12.
  • the separator/electrolyte stack 16 thus functions as the medium of transfer of ions between the anodes 34 and cathodes 26 of the battery cells 12.
  • the separator/electrolyte stack 16 may be formed of a suitable solid layer of material.
  • the separator/electrolyte stack 16 may be formed from a mixture of lithium iodide and conductivity enhancing alumina.
  • a separator/electrolyte stack 16 my be formed of solid lithium iodide.
  • the anode stack 18 includes the lithium anodes 34, an anode mask 36, and an anode substrate 38.
  • the anode substrate 38 is preferably formed of a thin metal foil (e.g. copper, stainless steel, nickel).
  • the substrate 38 my be a solid metal foil or may be patterned to save material, prevent shorting and to accommodate the shape of the battery cells 12.
  • One representative pattern for the anode substrate 38 is shown in FIG. 6C and includes die cut/etched areas 40 and solid metal areas 42.
  • the anodes 34 in the completed battery cells 12 rest on the solid metal areas 42.
  • molten lithium can be applied to the anode substrate 38 as a patterned solder.
  • Lithium has a relatively low melting point and can therefore be deposited as solder in a suitable pattern.
  • Such a lithium solder manufacturing technique can be used to deposit the pattern of lithium anodes 34 on the anode substrate 38 in much the same way as solders are applied to printed circuit boards.
  • lithium can be deposited in a square pattern substantially as shown in FIG. 1 onto an anode substrate 38 formed of copper.
  • the molten lithium deposition may be done similar to wave soldering printed circuit board assemblies.
  • a substrate may be run on a conveyor and across a molten wave of lithium.
  • Lithium melts around 180° C. but because of its highly reactive nature to air in general and moisture in particular, it must be contained in a protective environment such as argon.
  • Typical wave soldering equipment for printed circuit boards is available form Technical Devices, Inc.
  • Such a solder process can be used in lieu of physically bonding lithium foil to a substrate 38 formed of a different metal foil.
  • Roll bonding lithium foil to another foil is an extremely difficult process with the thin, fragile (84 psi tensile strength) nature of lithium foil.
  • molten lithium can be applied as an extremely thin film; in many cases, far less than 1 mil. This is particularly advantageous as rolled lithium foils are extremely difficult and costly to produce at thicknesses less than 1.5 mils.
  • lithium anodes 34 formed as a thin film, much less lithium is used in each battery cell 12. This is important for some applications (e.g. airline transported products) because the amount of lithium per battery cell or product is limited due to its inherent, hazardous, reactive nature.
  • the anode mask 36 may be formed of a dielectric material patterned into a desired shape substantially as previously described for the cathode mask 24.
  • the anode substrate 38 and anode mask 36 form an insulating and supporting webbing between the individual anodes 34 of the battery cells 12. This helps to reduce the possibility of the battery cells 12 shorting together during singulation (e.g. diecutting or shearing) of the individual battery cells 12 from the laminated array 10.
  • the anode mask 36 my be formed as a separate structure or following formation of the patterned anodes 34.
  • battery cells 12 can be manufactured as single cells as shown in FIGS. 1-3.
  • the process of the invention can also be used however, to manufacture stacked or multiple cell batteries.
  • a method of constructing stacked multiple cell batteries is shown in FIGS. 4, 4A, and 5.
  • a pair of adjacent stacked multiple cell batteries 40 separated by a cut line 50 are shown in FIG. 5.
  • a laminated array 48 includes a base stack 42, a middle stack 44, and a top stack 46.
  • each separate stack 42, 44, 46 is substantially similar in construction to the single cell laminated stack 10 previously described.
  • Each separate stack 42, 44, 46 may be manufactured separately and then lightly pressed together as shown in FIG. 4A to complete the assembly.
  • the base battery stack 42 includes a cathode substrate 52, a cathode mask 54, a cathode layer 56, and a separator/electrolyte layer 58.
  • the middle stack 44 includes a lithium anode layer 60, an anode mask 62, a metal separator layer 64, a cathode mask 66, a cathode layer 68, and a separator/electrolyte layer 70.
  • the top stack 46 includes a second lithium anode layer 72, a second anode mask 74 and a second anode substrate 76.
  • the separator layer 64 of the middle stack 44 is patterned on one side (upper) with an cathode material and on an opposite side (lower) with anode material. As shown in FIG. 6B, the separator layer 64 can be formed of a solid metal foil having solid metal areas 80 and die cut or etched areas 78. The construction and function of each of the remaining layers is substantially as previously described.
  • FIGS. 7-9 the assembly of a thin battery using stenciling techniques is shown.
  • Such stenciling techniques may be used in the assembly of a single cell battery as shown or in the assembly of a multicell laminated array (e.g. , (10) FIG. 1, (48) FIG. 4) as previously described.
  • a cathode 108 is stenciled onto a current collector 106 using a stencil 110.
  • the stencil 110 is formed of a thin material having an opening 112 sized to form the cathode 108.
  • the thickness of the cathode 108 can be controlled by the thickness of the stencil 110.
  • another stencil 114 is used to form a solid electrolyte 116 over the cathode 108.
  • the opening 118 in the stencil 114 for forming the electrolyte 116 is slightly larger than the cathode 108 such that the electrolyte 116 overlaps opposite edges of the cathode 108 substantially as shown.
  • the thickness of the electrolyte 116 can be controlled by the thickness of the template 114.
  • an anode 120 is formed over the electrolyte.
  • FIGS. 10A-10C another method of assembling a battery using stenciling techniques is shown.
  • an insulating paint 122 is applied to a substrate 124 to form the current collector.
  • a tape such as a "Kapton" tape or a polymer thick film insulating dielectric material may be used.
  • the insulating paint 122 (or tape or polymer dielectric) includes an opening 126 for forming the cathode 128.
  • the cathode 128 is deposited into the opening 126.
  • the cathode 128 is thicker than the depth of the opening 126.
  • the battery cell is completed by formation of a solid electrolyte 130 and anode 132.
  • battery cells can be made simply, quickly and relatively inexpensively.
  • stenciling techniques can be used to make individual testable battery cells or to make an array of cells as previously described.

Abstract

Improved polymer batteries and improved methods of manufacturing such polymer batteries are provided. One improved method of manufacture involves the formation of a laminated array structure that includes a number of individual battery cells. After formation of the laminated array the individual batteries are singulated from the array by cutting, shearing or stamping. Other manufacturing improvements include the use of a printing process (e.g. stenciling) to form the cathodes, the use of permanent mask layers to contain and insulate the cathodes and anodes, and the use of a molten lithium deposition process for forming the anodes.

Description

CROSS REFERENCES TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application is related to copending application filed Jun. 2, 1993 and entitled "Package and Method for Fabricating a Battery Employing An Alkali-Metal Anode and Polymer Film Inks".
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates generally to batteries and more particularly to thin batteries constructed with polymer films. Specifically, the invention is directed to improved polymer batteries and improved methods for making polymer batteries.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Advancements in semiconductor technology have led to the production of large scale integrated circuits which have brought about a revolution in the electronics industry. Microelectronic components are now widely used in the production of a variety of electronic devices (e.g. portable computers, calculators, watches, cordless telephones, radios, tape recorders, security systems ). Development of such portable electronic devices has brought about the evolution of batteries as miniature power supplies. This new generation of batteries must produce higher energy per unit volume and superior discharge characteristics as compared to traditional batteries.
The technology related to thin solid state batteries in particular, is being increasingly developed. Typically this type of thin battery is constructed with an alkali metal anode, a non-aqueous electrolyte, and cathodes of nonstoichiometric compounds. Lithium is most often used as an anode material because it has a low atomic weight and is highly electronegative. Such thin batteries have a high energy density, a long shelf life and operate efficiently over a wide range of temperatures.
In the past thin batteries have been manufactured by forming and assembling the anode, electrolyte, and cathode of a battery cell as separate components. This is a relatively labor intensive procedure that involves the intricate assembly of a number of discrete components. In particular, the stamping and handling of individual discs of lithium is costly and difficult, because lithium is expensive and highly reactive.
This has led to the development of continuous manufacturing processes in which the components of a thin battery are constructed using polymeric films. Such thin polymer batteries may include anodes, electrolytes and cathodes formed as a continuous film of a polymeric material. As an example, U.S. Pat. No. 4,621,035 to Bruder, describes a lithium battery that includes a lithium anode formed by laminating lithium to a conductive polymer.
These polymer battery components are typically manufactured by extruding or drawing down suitable materials, such as lithium, onto a flexible polymeric material. In general, this is a relatively complex manufacturing technique which requires relatively complicated and expensive manufacturing equipment. Furthermore, many of the difficulties in manufacturing such polymer batteries are related to handling and assembling the lithium anodes, the cathodic polymers and the electrolytic polymers. These problems are compounded because most prior art manufacturing procedures typically involve the formation of one battery cell at a time.
The present invention is directed to improved polymeric battery structures and improved methods for assembling such polymeric batteries. These improvements lower the manufacturing costs, increase the manufacturing efficiencies and provide improved batteries.
Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide improved polymeric battery structures and particularly improved polymer-lithium batteries. It is a further object of the present invention to provide improved methods for manufacturing polymeric batteries. It is a further object of the present invention to provide improved battery structures that can be manufactured in multiple units and then singulated into individual batteries. It is yet another object of the present invention to provide improved thin polymeric batteries that are high in energy, reliable, light weight and relatively inexpensive to manufacture.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In accordance with the present invention, improved polymer batteries and improved methods for manufacturing polymer batteries are provided. In an illustrative method of manufacture, a laminated array structure having multiple battery cells (e.g. thirty six) is assembled. The laminated array may be formed by assembling separate stacks for the different components of a battery. For a single cell battery these separate stacks may include, a cathode stack, a separator/electrolyte stack, and an anode stack. Following formation of the laminated array, the individual battery cells are singulated from the array to form the individual batteries.
The laminated array includes multiple battery cells formed by a layered structure that includes; a cathode substrate layer including a patterned cathode mask; a cathode layer formed by depositing a patterned cathodic material onto the cathode substrate layer to form cathodes insulated by the cathode mask; a separator/electrolyte layer in contact with the cathode layer; an anode substrate layer including a patterned anode mask; and an anode layer in contact with the separator/electrolyte layer formed by applying a molten anode material such as lithium to an anode substrate to form anodes separated by the anode mask. Following assembly of the laminated array, the individual batteries may be singulated from the array by a suitable technique such as cutting, shearing or die stamping.
The individual batteries have a laminated structure that includes a cathode substrate (i.e. a current collector), a cathode supported and insulated by the cathodic mask, a separator/electrolyte layer, an anode supported and insulated by the anode mask, and an anode substrate. Furthermore, the laminated array my be formed with more than one stack of cells (e.g. base stack, center stack, top stack) to form a stacked or multi-cell battery structure which provides higher battery voltages.
Such a method of manufacturing batteries using a laminated array and the resultant laminated battery structures are characterized by the following novel and improved features:
1. Discrete, deposited patterns of cathode material (in an array form) are used to minimize electrical shorting of the anode to the cathode during formation of individual battery cells and singulation of the individual battery cells from the array. A preferred method of depositing the cathode material is using a printing process such as pin transfer, screen or stencil printing.
2. The use of permanent mask layers in battery cell fabrication to minimize electrical shorting during formation and singulation of the individual battery cells.
3. The use of permanent mask layers in battery cell fabrication to act as a containment system for the cathode and anode materials.
4. The use of an integral support system (i.e. "studs" provided by the mask layers) that can prevent the separator/electrolyte material from being compressed or pushed into contact with the current collector or displacing the cathode material. This is particularly advantageous on larger or more flexible cells.
5. Staggered, etched or die cut patterns can be used for the anode and cathode substrates (i.e. current collectors) to prevent or minimize electrical shorting during battery cell formation and singulation of the batteries from the array.
6. A thin film of molten lithium (e.g. lithium solder) may be deposited onto a polymer or metallic support film, in either a solid or a discrete pattern (through the use of masks and/or patterned support films) for use as an anode material in polymer-lithium batteries.
7. A higher voltage, "stacked" array of battery cells may be produced using mask layers (or patterning both sides of a single support structure) such that lithium can be clad to one side and the cathode material deposited on the opposite side.
In an alternate embodiment of the invention, a single cell battery structure may be formed by using stenciling techniques instead of conventional extrusion techniques. As an example, a cathode material may be stenciled onto a current collector layer (e.g. copper) using a first stencil. Next, a second stencil slightly larger than the first, and thicker, can be placed over the cathode material pattern without touching it, and an electrolyte layer can be drawn across the cathode and deposited. Next, an anode material can be applied to the electrolyte layer to complete the battery structure.
These and other objects, features and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following more particular description of the preferred embodiments of the invention as illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view of a laminated array constructed in accordance with the invention that contains multiple battery cells that will be singulated from the array to form individual batteries;
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the assembled laminated array showing the singulation step for separating the individual battery cells to form a number of individual batteries;
FIG. 3 is a partial cross sectional view through the laminated array taken along section line 3--3 of FIG. 2 showing adjacent battery cells prior to singular ion of the battery cells;
FIG. 4 is an exploded cross sectional view showing the construction of adjacent cells of a laminated array constructed in accordance with the invention for a stacked battery configuration;
FIG. 4A is an exploded perspective view showing the assembly of the separate panels of a laminated array constructed in accordance with the invent ion for a stacked battery configuration;
FIG. 5 is a partial cross sectional view showing adjacent cells of the laminated array shown in FIG. 4 after assembly;
FIG. 6A shows a suitable pattern for a cathode substrate layer for the laminated array shown in FIGS. 4 and 5;
FIG. 6B shows a suitable pattern for a separator layer for the laminated array shown in FIGS. 4 and 5;
FIG. 6C shows a suitable pattern for an anode substrate layer for the laminated array shown in FIGS. 4 and 5;
FIGS. 7, 8, and 9 are perspective views showing the assembly of a battery cell using stenciling techniques; and
FIGS. 10A-10C are perspective views showing the assembly of a battery cell constructed using stenciling techniques.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
Referring now to FIGS. 1-3, the assembly of a laminated array 10 constructed in accordance with the invention is shown. The laminated array 10 includes a plurality of separate battery cells 12 (FIGS. 2 and 3) that upon formation of the laminated array 10 are singulated to form a plurality of individual batteries. In the illustrative embodiment the laminated array 10 has a square shape and is formed with thirty six separate battery cells 12. Alternately the laminated array may include a lesser or greater number of battery cells.
As shown in FIG. 1, the laminated array 10 is formed in three separate stacks including, a cathode stack 14, a separator/electrolyte stack 16 and an anode stack 18. These stacks 14, 16, 18 can be assembled separately and then lightly pressed together to complete the laminated array 10. The individual battery cells 12 can then be separated or singulated from the laminated array 10 and suitable leads can be formed to the cathode and anodes of the completed battery cells.
The singulation step is represented schematically in FIG. 2 by the cut lines 20. Singulation can be accomplished by cutting, shearing, die stamping or any other suitable method of separating the individual batteries 12 from the laminated array 10.
The cathode stack 14 includes a cathode substrate 22, a cathode mask 24, and cathodes 26 formed on the substrate 22 and separated by the cathode mask 24. The substrate 22 functions as a current collector for the cathodes 26 in the separated battery cells 12. As such, the cathode substrate 22 is preferably formed of a conductive material, such as a metal foil (e.g. copper), or a conductive polymer. The cathode substrate 22 may be formed of a solid sheet (i.e. panel) of material or it my be patterned in a configuration that shapes the final battery cells 12. One representative pattern for the cathode substrate 22 is shown in FIG. 6A and includes solid metal areas 30 and die cut/etched areas 32. Each battery cell 12 occupies the generally square solid metal areas 30. The cathode substrate 22 may also include suitable openings (not shown) for connecting leads to the cathodes 26.
The cathode mask 24 is formed of an insulating material. The cathode mask 24 functions as a containment system for the cathodes 26. In addition the cathode mask 24 insulates the cathodes 26 and protects the cathodes 26 structurally and environmentally. Furthermore, the cathode mask 24 provides a webbing between the individual battery cells 12 of the laminated array 10 to reduce the potential of shorting between the cells 12 during singulation of the battery cells 12. The cathode mask 24 may also serve as a pattern for deposition of the cathodes 26 on the cathode substrate 22.
The cathode mask 24 may formed of a thin dielectric material such as an insulating tape (e.g. Kapton tape), or a dielectric paste (e.g. insulating polymer thick film dielectric inks such as DuPont 5014). These materials can be formed in a pattern to retain and insulate the cathodes 26. Moreover, the cathode mask 24 may be patterned to accommodate the shape of the battery cells 12 and the pattern of the cathode substrate 22. In the illustrative embodiment the cathode mask 24 is patterned in squares (36 squares) for the cathodes 26 substantially as shown in FIG. 1. The cathode mask 24 may be formed and patterned in advance as a separate structure by any suitable technique (e.g. die cutting, etching). Alternately, the cathode mask 24 may be formed around the cathodes 26 after formation of the cathodes 26 on the cathode substrate 22.
As clearly shown in FIG. 3, the cathode mask 24 is preferably formed with studs 28 (or standoffs) that will support the separator/electrolyte layer 16 in the completed battery cells 12. The studs 28 also function to prevent the separator/electrolyte layer 16 from being physically pushed through the cathodes 26 to the substrate 22. Moreover, the cathode mask 24 and studs 28 support the cathodes 26 and prevent shorting during the singulation process.
The cathodes 26 are formed by depositing a suitable cathode active material onto the cathode substrate 22. A preferred method of forming the cathodes 26 on the cathode substrate 22 is with a printing process such as a pin-transfer, screen or stencil printing processes. Such pin transfer, screen or stencil printing processes are capable of depositing materials in high volumes and in discrete or irregular patterns. In addition, such printing processes can be performed with relatively inexpensive equipment using relatively simple manufacturing procedures. Furthermore, pin-transfer, screen or stencil printing allows quick changes to be made in the thickness and shape of the deposited materials by changing the pin-array, pin head size, printing screen or stencil with minimal investment in time and equipment. Moreover, such printing process can be used in conjunction with a deposition pattern defined by the cathode mask 24.
Screen and stencil printing are commonly used in the electronics or graphic arts industry to print thick film inks or solder paste. Typically, a squeegee traverses across a patterned screen or stencil to force the material to be deposited through the screen or stencil openings to provide a printed pattern. Equipment commonly used include screen printing machines are available from MPM Corporation, DEK and Presco.
The cathodes 26 may be formed of any suitable cathode active material that can be deposited and patterned on the cathode substrate 22. As an example, the cathodes 26 can be formed of a cathode active material (e.g. iodine) and a polymer (e.g. poly-2-vinylpyridine) that react to form a conductive depolarizer. Such a cathode material can be formulated to flow under the heat and pressure of a pin-transfer, screen or stencil printing process in a desired pattern. Other suitable cathode materials include MnO2, PbI2, I2, NbSe2, NbSe3, MoS2, MoS3, TiS2, TiS3, TaSe3, TaS2, V6 O13, CoO2, and MoO2.
The separator/electrolyte stack 16 is formed of a material that will function as a solid electrolyte for the completed battery cells 12. The separator/electrolyte stack 16 thus functions as the medium of transfer of ions between the anodes 34 and cathodes 26 of the battery cells 12. Depending on the cathodic active material that is used, the separator/electrolyte stack 16 may be formed of a suitable solid layer of material. As an example, for a lead iodide cathode 26 the separator/electrolyte stack 16 may be formed from a mixture of lithium iodide and conductivity enhancing alumina. For an iodine cathode, a separator/electrolyte stack 16 my be formed of solid lithium iodide.
Still referring to FIGS. 1-3, the anode stack 18 includes the lithium anodes 34, an anode mask 36, and an anode substrate 38. The anode substrate 38 is preferably formed of a thin metal foil (e.g. copper, stainless steel, nickel). The substrate 38 my be a solid metal foil or may be patterned to save material, prevent shorting and to accommodate the shape of the battery cells 12. One representative pattern for the anode substrate 38 is shown in FIG. 6C and includes die cut/etched areas 40 and solid metal areas 42. The anodes 34 in the completed battery cells 12 rest on the solid metal areas 42.
To form the lithium anodes 34 on the anode substrate 38, molten lithium can be applied to the anode substrate 38 as a patterned solder. Lithium has a relatively low melting point and can therefore be deposited as solder in a suitable pattern. Such a lithium solder manufacturing technique can be used to deposit the pattern of lithium anodes 34 on the anode substrate 38 in much the same way as solders are applied to printed circuit boards. As an example, lithium can be deposited in a square pattern substantially as shown in FIG. 1 onto an anode substrate 38 formed of copper.
The molten lithium deposition may be done similar to wave soldering printed circuit board assemblies. A substrate may be run on a conveyor and across a molten wave of lithium. Lithium melts around 180° C. but because of its highly reactive nature to air in general and moisture in particular, it must be contained in a protective environment such as argon. Typical wave soldering equipment for printed circuit boards is available form Technical Devices, Inc.
Such a solder process can be used in lieu of physically bonding lithium foil to a substrate 38 formed of a different metal foil. Roll bonding lithium foil to another foil is an extremely difficult process with the thin, fragile (84 psi tensile strength) nature of lithium foil. Furthermore, molten lithium can be applied as an extremely thin film; in many cases, far less than 1 mil. This is particularly advantageous as rolled lithium foils are extremely difficult and costly to produce at thicknesses less than 1.5 mils.
Moreover, with lithium anodes 34 formed as a thin film, much less lithium is used in each battery cell 12. This is important for some applications (e.g. airline transported products) because the amount of lithium per battery cell or product is limited due to its inherent, hazardous, reactive nature.
The anode mask 36 may be formed of a dielectric material patterned into a desired shape substantially as previously described for the cathode mask 24. The anode substrate 38 and anode mask 36 form an insulating and supporting webbing between the individual anodes 34 of the battery cells 12. This helps to reduce the possibility of the battery cells 12 shorting together during singulation (e.g. diecutting or shearing) of the individual battery cells 12 from the laminated array 10. As with the cathode mask 24, the anode mask 36 my be formed as a separate structure or following formation of the patterned anodes 34.
Using the process of the invention, battery cells 12 can be manufactured as single cells as shown in FIGS. 1-3. The process of the invention can also be used however, to manufacture stacked or multiple cell batteries. A method of constructing stacked multiple cell batteries is shown in FIGS. 4, 4A, and 5. A pair of adjacent stacked multiple cell batteries 40 separated by a cut line 50 are shown in FIG. 5.
As before, the stacked batteries 40 can be manufactured in a laminated array 48. AS shown in FIG. 4, a laminated array 48 includes a base stack 42, a middle stack 44, and a top stack 46. Moreover, each separate stack 42, 44, 46 is substantially similar in construction to the single cell laminated stack 10 previously described. Each separate stack 42, 44, 46 may be manufactured separately and then lightly pressed together as shown in FIG. 4A to complete the assembly.
With reference to FIG. 4, the base battery stack 42 includes a cathode substrate 52, a cathode mask 54, a cathode layer 56, and a separator/electrolyte layer 58. The middle stack 44 includes a lithium anode layer 60, an anode mask 62, a metal separator layer 64, a cathode mask 66, a cathode layer 68, and a separator/electrolyte layer 70. The top stack 46 includes a second lithium anode layer 72, a second anode mask 74 and a second anode substrate 76.
The separator layer 64 of the middle stack 44 is patterned on one side (upper) with an cathode material and on an opposite side (lower) with anode material. As shown in FIG. 6B, the separator layer 64 can be formed of a solid metal foil having solid metal areas 80 and die cut or etched areas 78. The construction and function of each of the remaining layers is substantially as previously described.
Alternate Embodiments
Referring now to FIGS. 7-9 the assembly of a thin battery using stenciling techniques is shown. Such stenciling techniques may be used in the assembly of a single cell battery as shown or in the assembly of a multicell laminated array (e.g. , (10) FIG. 1, (48) FIG. 4) as previously described.
Initially and as shown in FIG. 7, a cathode 108 is stenciled onto a current collector 106 using a stencil 110. The stencil 110 is formed of a thin material having an opening 112 sized to form the cathode 108. In addition the thickness of the cathode 108 can be controlled by the thickness of the stencil 110. Following formation of the cathode 108, and as shown in FIG. 8, another stencil 114 is used to form a solid electrolyte 116 over the cathode 108. The opening 118 in the stencil 114 for forming the electrolyte 116, is slightly larger than the cathode 108 such that the electrolyte 116 overlaps opposite edges of the cathode 108 substantially as shown. In addition, the thickness of the electrolyte 116 can be controlled by the thickness of the template 114. Following formation of the electrolyte 116, and as shown in FIG. 9, an anode 120 is formed over the electrolyte.
Referring now to FIGS. 10A-10C, another method of assembling a battery using stenciling techniques is shown. As shown in FIG. 10A an insulating paint 122 is applied to a substrate 124 to form the current collector. In place of an insulating paint, a tape such as a "Kapton" tape or a polymer thick film insulating dielectric material may be used. The insulating paint 122 (or tape or polymer dielectric) includes an opening 126 for forming the cathode 128. Next, as shown in FIG. 10B, the cathode 128 is deposited into the opening 126. As shown the cathode 128 is thicker than the depth of the opening 126. Next, as shown in FIG. 10C, the battery cell is completed by formation of a solid electrolyte 130 and anode 132.
Using the disclosed stenciling techniques battery cells can be made simply, quickly and relatively inexpensively. Moreover, such stenciling techniques can be used to make individual testable battery cells or to make an array of cells as previously described.
Although the invention has been described in terms of preferred embodiments, as will be apparent to those skilled in the art, other applications of the inventive concepts disclosed herein are possible. It is intended therefore that the following claims include such alternate embodiments.

Claims (33)

What is claimed is:
1. A method for manufacturing thin batteries, comprising:
forming a cathode layer by depositing a cathode material onto a cathode substrate in a pattern to form cathodes;
separating the cathodes with an insulating cathode mask;
forming a separator/electrolyte layer of a solid electrolyte material in contact with the cathodes;
forming an anode layer by depositing an anode material as a patterned solder on an anode substrate to form anodes for contact with the separator/electrolytic layer;
separating the anodes with an insulated anode mask;
combining the separate layers together to form a laminated array structure containing multiple battery cells; and
singulating individual battery cells from the laminated array structure.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1 and wherein the cathode layer is formed by depositing a cathode material on the cathode substrate in a discrete pattern using a printing process.
3. The method as claimed in claim 2 and wherein the anode material is lithium.
4. The method as claimed in claim 1 and further comprising forming a second cathode layer, a second separator/electrolyte layer and a second anode layer to form multiple stacked battery cells.
5. The method as claimed in claim 1 and wherein the cathode substrate comprises a patterned metal foil.
6. The method as claimed in claim i and wherein the cathode layer is formed by depositing a cathode material on the cathode substrate using a stencil to pattern the cathode material.
7. The method as claimed in claim 1 and wherein the cathode layer is formed by depositing an insulating paint having a pattern of openings on the cathode substrate and then depositing the cathode material into the openings.
8. The method as claimed in claim 1 and wherein singulating the individual battery cells is by cutting, shearing or stamping.
9. A method of manufacturing thin polymer batteries by forming a laminated array containing multiple battery cells by the steps comprising;
forming a cathode substrate layer of a conductive material;
forming cathodes for the battery cells by depositing a cathode material in a discrete pattern on the cathode substrate layer and separating the cathodes with a cathode mask;
placing a separator/insulator layer in contact with the cathodes;
forming an anode substrate layer of a conductive material;
forming anodes for the battery cells by depositing a molten anode material in a discreet pattern on the anode substrate layer and separating the anodes with an anode mask;
placing the anodes in contact with the separator/insulator layer; and
singulating the individual battery cells from the laminated array.
10. The method as claimed in claim 9 and wherein the cathode material is deposited on the cathode substrate using a printing process.
11. The method as claimed in claim 10 and wherein the printing process uses stencils to pattern the cathode material.
12. The method as claimed in claim 11 and wherein the anodes are formed by depositing molten lithium solder in a pattern on the anode substrate.
13. The method as claimed in claim 12 and wherein the cathode substrate is formed of a sheet of patterned metal.
14. The method as claimed in claim 12 and wherein the laminated array is formed with more than one layer of anodes and more than one layer of cathodes to form stacked battery cells.
15. The method as claimed in claim 12 and wherein the cathode mask is formed with studs to prevent the cathodes from being compressed and shorted.
16. The method as claimed in claim 12 and wherein the anode substrate is formed of a sheet of patterned metal.
17. A method of forming a thin battery comprising the steps of:
providing a cathode substrate layer;
depositing a cathode material on the substrate layer using a first stencil formed with a first opening and printing the cathode material through the first opening onto the substrate layer to form a cathode;
depositing an electrolytic material on the cathode using a second stencil formed with a second opening and printing the electrolytic material through the second opening onto the cathode; and
forming an anode on the electrolytic material.
18. The method as claimed in claim 17 and wherein the second opening is larger than the first opening and the electrolytic material overlaps opposite sides of the cathode.
19. A thin battery comprising:
a cathode substrate formed of a conductive material;
a cathode deposited in a discrete pattern on the cathode substrate by depositing a cathode material on the cathode substrate using a printing process;
a cathode mask formed on the cathode substrate for separating and insulating the cathode said cathode mask including studs to prevent compression and shorting of the cathode;
a separator/electrolyte layer in contact with the cathode;
an anode deposited in a discrete pattern on a conductive anode substrate in contact with the separator/electrolyte layer and formed by depositing a molten anode material onto the anode substrate; and
an anode mask formed on the anode substrate for separating and insulating the anode.
20. The thin battery as claimed in claim 19 and wherein the printing process for depositing the cathode material uses stencils.
21. The thin battery as claimed in claim 19 and wherein the anode is formed of lithium applied as a patterned solder.
22. The thin battery as claimed in claim 19 and wherein the printing process for depositing the cathode material uses insulating paint deposited onto the cathode substrate.
23. The thin polymer battery as claimed in claim 19 and wherein the battery further comprises:
a second cathode formed of a cathode material deposited on the anode substrate by a printing process and insulated by a second cathode mask;
a second separator/electrolyte layer in contact with the second cathode; and
a second anode in contact with the second separator/electrolyte layer and formed of an anode material deposited on a second anode substrate.
24. The thin polymer battery as claimed in claim 19 and wherein a plurality of identical batteries are assembled in a laminated array and then singulated from the array.
25. The thin battery as claimed in claim 19 and wherein the separator/electrolyte layer is stenciled onto the cathode. .Iadd.
26. A method for manufacturing batteries comprising:
depositing a cathode layer onto a cathode substrate in a pattern to form cathodes;
separating the cathodes with an insulating cathode mask;
depositing an anode layer on an anode substrate in a pattern to form anodes;
separating the anodes with an insulated anode mask;
providing a separator/electrolyte layer between said cathodes and said anodes; and
combining the separate layers together to form a laminated array structure containing multiple battery cells. .Iaddend..Iadd.27. The method as claimed in claim 26 and further including singulating individual battery cells from the laminated array structure. .Iaddend..Iadd.28. The method as claimed in claim 26 and wherein the cathode layer is formed by depositing a cathode material on the cathode substrate in a discrete pattern using a printing process. .Iaddend..Iadd.29. The method as claimed in claim 26, and wherein the anode material is lithium. .Iaddend..Iadd.30. The method as claimed in claim 26 and further comprising forming a second cathode layer, providing a second separator/electrolyte layer and forming a second anode layer to form multiple stacked battery cells. .Iaddend..Iadd.31. The method as claimed in claim 26 and wherein the cathode substrate comprises a patterned metal foil. .Iaddend..Iadd.32. The method as claimed in claim 26 and wherein the cathode layer is formed by depositing a cathode material on the cathode substrate using a stencil to pattern the cathode
material. .Iaddend..Iadd.33. The method as claimed in claim 26 and wherein the cathode layer is formed by depositing an insulating paint having a pattern of openings on the cathode substrate and then depositing the cathode material into the openings. .Iaddend..Iadd.34. The method as claimed in claim 27 and wherein singulating the individual battery cells is by cutting shearing or stamping. .Iaddend..Iadd.35. A method of manufacturing batteries comprised of a laminated array containing multiple battery cells comprising
providing a cathode substrate layer of a conductive material;
depositing a cathode material in a pattern to form cathodes on the cathode substrate layer and separating the cathodes with a cathode mask;
placing a separator/insulator layer in contact with the cathodes;
providing an anode substrate layer of a conductive material;
depositing an anode material in a pattern to form anodes on the anode substrate layer and separating the anodes with an anode mask; and
placing the anodes in contact with the separator/insulator layer. .Iaddend..Iadd.36. The method as claimed in claim 35 and further including singulating the individual battery cells from the laminated array. .Iaddend..Iadd.37. The method as claimed in claim 35 and wherein the cathode material is deposited on the cathode substrate layer using a printing process. .Iaddend..Iadd.38. The method as claimed in claim 37 and wherein the printing process uses stencils to pattern the cathode material. .Iaddend..Iadd.39. The method as claimed in claim 35 and wherein the anodes are formed by depositing molten lithium solder in a pattern on
the anode substrate layer. .Iaddend..Iadd.40. The method as claimed in claim 35 and wherein the cathode substrate layer is formed of a sheet of patterned metal. .Iaddend..Iadd.41. The method as claimed in claim 35 and wherein the laminated array is formed with more than one layer of anodes and more than one layer of cathodes to form stacked battery cells. .Iaddend..Iadd.42. The method as claimed in claim 35 and wherein the cathode mask is formed with studs to prevent the cathodes from being compressed and shorted. .Iaddend..Iadd.43. The method as claimed in claim 35 and wherein the anode substrate layer is formed of a sheet of patterned metal. .Iaddend..Iadd.44. A method of forming a battery comprising the steps of:
providing a cathode substrate layer;
depositing a cathode material on the cathode substrate layer using a printing process to form a cathode;
depositing an electrolytic material on the cathode using a printing process; and
forming an anode on the electrolytic material. .Iaddend..Iadd.45. The method as claimed in claim 44 and wherein said depositing a cathode material includes using a first stencil formed with a first opening and printing the cathode material through the first opening onto the cathode substrate layer and said depositing an electrolytic material includes using a second stencil formed with a second opening and printing the electrolytic material through the second opening onto the cathode. .Iaddend..Iadd.46. The method as claimed in claim 45 and wherein the second opening is larger than the first opening and the electrolytic
material overlaps opposite sides of the cathode. .Iaddend..Iadd.47. A battery comprising:
a cathode substrate comprised of a conductive material;
a cathode on the cathode substrate;
a cathode mask on the cathode substrate separating and insulating the cathode, said cathode mask including studs;
a separator/electrolyte layer in contact with the cathode;
an anode on a conductive anode substrate in contact with the separator/electrolyte layer; and
an anode mask on the anode substrate separating and insulating the anode. .Iaddend..Iadd.48. The battery as claimed in claim 47 and wherein the anode is comprised of lithium. .Iaddend..Iadd.49. The battery as claimed in claim 47 and wherein the battery further comprises:
a second cathode on the anode substrate and insulated by a second cathode mask;
a second separator/electrolyte layer in contact with the second cathode; and
a second anode in contact with the second separator/electrolyte layer on a second anode substrate. .Iaddend..Iadd.50. The battery as claimed in claim 47 and further including a plurality of substantially identical batteries assembled in a laminated array. .Iaddend..Iadd.51. A method of forming a battery comprising the steps of:
providing an anode substrate layer;
depositing an anode material on the anode substrate layer using a printing process to form at least one anode;
depositing an electrolytic material on the at least one anode using a printing process; and
forming at least one cathode on the electrolytic material.
.Iaddend..Iadd. . The method as claimed in claim 51 and wherein said depositing an anode material includes using a first stencil formed with a first opening and printing the anode material through the first opening onto the anode substrate layer and said depositing an electrolytic material includes using a second stencil formed with a second opening and printing the electrolytic material through the second opening onto the anode. .Iaddend..Iadd.53. The method as claimed in claim 52 and wherein the second opening is larger than the first opening and the electrolytic material overlaps opposite sides of the anode. .Iaddend..Iadd.54. A battery, comprising:
a cathode substrate;
a anode substrate;
a cathode on said cathode substrate;
a cathode mask on said cathode substrate, said cathode mask including a plurality of studs to prevent compression and shorting of said cathode;
a separator/electrolyte layer in contact with said cathode; and
an anode on said anode substrate and in contact with said separator/electrolyte layer. .Iaddend..Iadd.55. The battery of claim 54, further including an anode mask on said anode substrate. .Iaddend..Iadd.56. The battery of claim 55, wherein said anode mask includes a plurality of studs to prevent compression and shorting of said anode. .Iaddend..Iadd.57. The battery as claimed in claim 54 and wherein
the anode is comprised of lithium. .Iaddend..Iadd.58. The battery as claimed in claim 54 and wherein the battery further comprises:
a second cathode on the anode substrate and insulated by a second cathode mask;
a second separator/electrolyte layer in contact with the second cathode; and
a second anode in contact with the second separator/electrolyte layer on a second anode substrate. .Iaddend..Iadd.59. The battery as claimed in claim 54 and further including a plurality of substantially identical batteries assembled in a laminated array. .Iaddend..Iadd.60. A method for manufacturing batteries, comprising:
forming a pattern of cathodes on a cathode substrate;
separating the cathodes with an insulating cathode mask;
forming a pattern of anodes on an anode substrate;
separating the anodes with an insulated anode mask; and
providing a separator/electrolyte layer between and in contact with said cathodes and said anodes. .Iaddend..Iadd.61. The method as claimed in claim 60 and wherein the cathodes are formed by depositing a cathode material on the cathode substrate in a discrete pattern using a printing process. .Iaddend..Iadd.62. The method as claimed in claim 60, and wherein the anodes are formed from lithium. .Iaddend..Iadd.63. The method as claimed in claim 60 and further comprising forming a second pattern of cathodes providing a second separator/electrolyte layer and forming a second pattern of anodes to form multiple stacked battery cells.
.Iaddend..Iadd.64. The method as claimed in claim 60 and wherein the cathode substrate comprises a patterned metal foil. .Iaddend..Iadd.65. The method as claimed in claim 60 and wherein the cathode layer is formed by depositing a cathode material on the cathode substrate using a stencil to pattern the cathode material. .Iaddend..Iadd.66. The method as claimed in claim 60 and wherein the cathodes are formed by depositing an insulating paint having a pattern of openings on the cathode substrate and then depositing a cathode material into the openings. .Iaddend..Iadd.67. A method for manufacturing batteries, comprising:
providing a conductive separator layer having a first side and it second side;
forming a plate of cathodes an said first side of said separator layer;
forming a pattern of anodes on said second side of said separator layer;
providing a cathode substrate over said cathodes; and
providing an anode substrate over said anodes. .Iaddend..Iadd.68. The method of claim 67, further including separating said cathodes with an insulating cathode mask. .Iaddend..Iadd.69. The method of claim 67, further including separating said anodes with an insulating anode mask.
.Iaddend..Iadd.70. The method as claimed in claim 67 and wherein the separator comprises a metal foil. .Iaddend.
US08/721,106 1993-06-21 1996-09-26 Polymer-lithium batteries and improved methods for manufacturing batteries Expired - Lifetime USRE36843E (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US08/721,106 USRE36843E (en) 1993-06-21 1996-09-26 Polymer-lithium batteries and improved methods for manufacturing batteries

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US08/081,007 US5350645A (en) 1993-06-21 1993-06-21 Polymer-lithium batteries and improved methods for manufacturing batteries
US08/721,106 USRE36843E (en) 1993-06-21 1996-09-26 Polymer-lithium batteries and improved methods for manufacturing batteries

Related Parent Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US08/081,007 Reissue US5350645A (en) 1993-06-21 1993-06-21 Polymer-lithium batteries and improved methods for manufacturing batteries

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
USRE36843E true USRE36843E (en) 2000-08-29

Family

ID=22161278

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US08/081,007 Ceased US5350645A (en) 1993-06-21 1993-06-21 Polymer-lithium batteries and improved methods for manufacturing batteries
US08/721,106 Expired - Lifetime USRE36843E (en) 1993-06-21 1996-09-26 Polymer-lithium batteries and improved methods for manufacturing batteries

Family Applications Before (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US08/081,007 Ceased US5350645A (en) 1993-06-21 1993-06-21 Polymer-lithium batteries and improved methods for manufacturing batteries

Country Status (1)

Country Link
US (2) US5350645A (en)

Cited By (29)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20030113618A1 (en) * 2001-12-18 2003-06-19 Ntk Powerdex, Inc. Li-ion and/or Li-ion polymer battery with edge protectors
US20030174049A1 (en) * 2002-03-18 2003-09-18 Precision Dynamics Corporation Wearable identification appliance that communicates with a wireless communications network such as bluetooth
US20040005265A1 (en) * 2001-12-21 2004-01-08 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Conductive lithium storage electrode
US6680724B2 (en) 2001-05-31 2004-01-20 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. Flexible electronic viewing device
US20040018430A1 (en) * 2002-07-26 2004-01-29 A123 Systems, Inc. Electrodes and related devices
US20050034993A1 (en) * 2003-06-23 2005-02-17 A123 Systems, Inc. Polymer composition for encapsulation of electrode particles
US20050168340A1 (en) * 2002-03-18 2005-08-04 Mosher Walter W.Jr. Enhanced identification appliance having a plurality or data sets for authentication
US20050260492A1 (en) * 2004-04-21 2005-11-24 Tucholski Gary R Thin printable flexible electrochemical cell and method of making the same
US20060216586A1 (en) * 2005-03-22 2006-09-28 Tucholski Gary R Thin printable electrochemical cell utilizing a "picture frame" and methods of making the same
US20080213662A1 (en) * 2000-10-20 2008-09-04 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Reticulated and controlled porosity battery structures
US20090038746A1 (en) * 2005-05-06 2009-02-12 Tucholski Gary R Rfid antenna-battery assembly and the method to make the same
US20090202903A1 (en) * 2007-05-25 2009-08-13 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Batteries and electrodes for use thereof
US7579112B2 (en) 2001-07-27 2009-08-25 A123 Systems, Inc. Battery structures, self-organizing structures and related methods
US7662265B2 (en) 2000-10-20 2010-02-16 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Electrophoretic assembly of electrochemical devices
US7763382B2 (en) 2002-07-26 2010-07-27 A123 Systems, Inc. Bipolar articles and related methods
US20110200868A1 (en) * 2005-07-15 2011-08-18 Klaassen Jody J THIN-FILM BATTERIES WITH POLYMER AND LiPON ELECTROLYTE LAYERS AND METHOD
US8088512B2 (en) 2001-07-27 2012-01-03 A123 Systems, Inc. Self organizing battery structure method
US8435678B2 (en) 2005-02-03 2013-05-07 A123 Systems, LLC Electrode material with enhanced ionic transport properties
US8441411B2 (en) 2007-07-18 2013-05-14 Blue Spark Technologies, Inc. Integrated electronic device and methods of making the same
US8574754B2 (en) 2007-12-19 2013-11-05 Blue Spark Technologies, Inc. High current thin electrochemical cell and methods of making the same
US8765284B2 (en) 2012-05-21 2014-07-01 Blue Spark Technologies, Inc. Multi-cell battery
US9027242B2 (en) 2011-09-22 2015-05-12 Blue Spark Technologies, Inc. Cell attachment method
US9065093B2 (en) 2011-04-07 2015-06-23 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Controlled porosity in electrodes
US9444078B2 (en) 2012-11-27 2016-09-13 Blue Spark Technologies, Inc. Battery cell construction
US9693689B2 (en) 2014-12-31 2017-07-04 Blue Spark Technologies, Inc. Body temperature logging patch
US9782082B2 (en) 2012-11-01 2017-10-10 Blue Spark Technologies, Inc. Body temperature logging patch
US10569480B2 (en) 2014-10-03 2020-02-25 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Pore orientation using magnetic fields
US10675819B2 (en) 2014-10-03 2020-06-09 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Magnetic field alignment of emulsions to produce porous articles
US10849501B2 (en) 2017-08-09 2020-12-01 Blue Spark Technologies, Inc. Body temperature logging patch

Families Citing this family (83)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
USRE42773E1 (en) 1992-06-17 2011-10-04 Round Rock Research, Llc Method of manufacturing an enclosed transceiver
US5776278A (en) 1992-06-17 1998-07-07 Micron Communications, Inc. Method of manufacturing an enclosed transceiver
US7158031B2 (en) 1992-08-12 2007-01-02 Micron Technology, Inc. Thin, flexible, RFID label and system for use
US6331273B1 (en) 1995-04-25 2001-12-18 Discovery Partners International Remotely programmable matrices with memories
US6329139B1 (en) 1995-04-25 2001-12-11 Discovery Partners International Automated sorting system for matrices with memory
US6017496A (en) 1995-06-07 2000-01-25 Irori Matrices with memories and uses thereof
US5751629A (en) 1995-04-25 1998-05-12 Irori Remotely programmable matrices with memories
US6416714B1 (en) 1995-04-25 2002-07-09 Discovery Partners International, Inc. Remotely programmable matrices with memories
US5874214A (en) 1995-04-25 1999-02-23 Irori Remotely programmable matrices with memories
US5645960A (en) * 1995-05-19 1997-07-08 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force Thin film lithium polymer battery
US5558679A (en) * 1995-08-21 1996-09-24 Micron Communications, Inc. Method for mounting a battery on a substrate
US5612513A (en) * 1995-09-19 1997-03-18 Micron Communications, Inc. Article and method of manufacturing an enclosed electrical circuit using an encapsulant
US5724721A (en) * 1995-12-11 1998-03-10 Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation Electrode mask application process for forming an electrolytic cell
US5652043A (en) * 1995-12-20 1997-07-29 Baruch Levanon Flexible thin layer open electrochemical cell
US5948464A (en) * 1996-06-19 1999-09-07 Imra America, Inc. Process of manufacturing porous separator for electrochemical power supply
US5714278A (en) * 1996-07-01 1998-02-03 Valence Technology, Inc. Edge-sealed battery separator
US6444356B1 (en) 1996-11-01 2002-09-03 Jackson C. Ma Lithium battery with secondary battery separator
US5988510A (en) * 1997-02-13 1999-11-23 Micron Communications, Inc. Tamper resistant smart card and method of protecting data in a smart card
CA2231649A1 (en) * 1997-03-10 1998-09-10 Chauncey T. Mitchell, Jr. Product life timer
US5747103A (en) * 1997-04-10 1998-05-05 Voxcom, Inc. Method and apparatus for printign lithium patterns on a press
JPH1197065A (en) * 1997-04-23 1999-04-09 Hydro Quebec Ultra thin layer solid lithium battery and manufacture of the same
US6243192B1 (en) 1997-04-28 2001-06-05 Timer Technologies, Llc Electrochemical display and timing mechanism with migrating electrolyte
DE19818717A1 (en) * 1997-04-28 1998-10-29 Wisconsin Label Corp Electrochemical display and time measurement mechanism with migrating electrolyte
US5882721A (en) * 1997-05-01 1999-03-16 Imra America Inc Process of manufacturing porous separator for electrochemical power supply
US6339385B1 (en) 1997-08-20 2002-01-15 Micron Technology, Inc. Electronic communication devices, methods of forming electrical communication devices, and communication methods
US6203948B1 (en) 1997-11-26 2001-03-20 Johnson Controls Technology Company Stamped grid having offset horizontal wires
US5989749A (en) * 1997-11-26 1999-11-23 Johnson Controls Technology Company Stamped battery grid
US6042965A (en) * 1997-12-12 2000-03-28 Johnson Research & Development Company, Inc. Unitary separator and electrode structure and method of manufacturing separator
US6180281B1 (en) 1997-12-12 2001-01-30 Johnson Research & Development Company, Inc. Composite separator and electrode
DE19802839A1 (en) * 1998-01-26 1999-07-29 Air Prod & Chem Pattern formation on a metal foil especially to form lithium ion cells with a non-aqueous electrolyte
US6063899A (en) * 1998-06-15 2000-05-16 Johnson Manufacturing Llc Apparatus and method for extracting plasticizer
US6285492B1 (en) 1998-07-02 2001-09-04 Timer Technologies, Llc Interactive electrochemical displays
US6136468A (en) * 1998-08-25 2000-10-24 Timer Technologies, Llc Electrochemical cell with deferred assembly
US6616714B1 (en) * 1998-09-14 2003-09-09 Hydro-Quebec Process for cutting polymer electrolyte multi-layer batteries and batteries obtained thereby
US6395043B1 (en) 1998-11-25 2002-05-28 Timer Technologies, Llc Printing electrochemical cells with in-line cured electrolyte
EP1017120A1 (en) 1998-12-25 2000-07-05 Tokai Aluminum Foil Co., Ltd. Current collectors for battery
US6148503A (en) * 1999-03-31 2000-11-21 Imra America, Inc. Process of manufacturing porous separator for electrochemical power supply
US6316142B1 (en) 1999-03-31 2001-11-13 Imra America, Inc. Electrode containing a polymeric binder material, method of formation thereof and electrochemical cell
US6169384B1 (en) * 1999-04-19 2001-01-02 Packard Bell Nec Inc. Power source system for portable electronic devices
US6245462B1 (en) 1999-05-20 2001-06-12 Johnson Controls Technology Company Battery grid and method of making
US6274274B1 (en) 1999-07-09 2001-08-14 Johnson Controls Technology Company Modification of the shape/surface finish of battery grid wires to improve paste adhesion
US6273339B1 (en) 1999-08-30 2001-08-14 Micron Technology, Inc. Tamper resistant smart card and method of protecting data in a smart card
US6223449B1 (en) 1999-11-18 2001-05-01 Johnson Research & Development Company, Inc. Apparatus for extracting plasticizer
US6576365B1 (en) * 1999-12-06 2003-06-10 E.C.R. - Electro Chemical Research Ltd. Ultra-thin electrochemical energy storage devices
US6488721B1 (en) * 2000-06-09 2002-12-03 Moltech Corporation Methods of preparing electrochemical cells
US6805999B2 (en) * 2001-11-13 2004-10-19 Midwest Research Institute Buried anode lithium thin film battery and process for forming the same
EP1481409B1 (en) * 2002-02-19 2005-12-07 Cellergy Ltd Electrochemical capacitor and method for its preparation
US6818344B2 (en) * 2002-04-12 2004-11-16 Textron Systems Thermal battery
US7116547B2 (en) * 2003-08-18 2006-10-03 Wilson Greatbatch Technologies, Inc. Use of pad printing in the manufacture of capacitors
US20060154416A1 (en) * 2003-08-18 2006-07-13 Seitz Keith W Method of pad printing in the manufacture of capacitors
US20050079418A1 (en) * 2003-10-14 2005-04-14 3M Innovative Properties Company In-line deposition processes for thin film battery fabrication
JP4720083B2 (en) * 2003-12-18 2011-07-13 日産自動車株式会社 Assembled battery
US20100148128A1 (en) * 2005-01-18 2010-06-17 Ashish Shah Pad printing of cathode active materials for incorporation into electrochemical cells
ATE527711T1 (en) 2005-05-23 2011-10-15 Johnson Controls Tech Co BATTERY NETWORK
US8883354B2 (en) 2006-02-15 2014-11-11 Optodot Corporation Separators for electrochemical cells
CN100446338C (en) * 2006-04-11 2008-12-24 首天恩经营管理有限责任公司 Secure lithium ion battery unit and secure lithium ion battery pack
CA2679909C (en) 2007-03-02 2015-05-05 Johnson Controls Technology Company Negative grid for battery
JP5225002B2 (en) * 2008-09-30 2013-07-03 株式会社東芝 Secondary battery
AU2010254533B2 (en) 2009-05-26 2014-03-20 Optodot Corporation Batteries utilizing electrode coatings directly on nanoporous separators
CN102656728B (en) * 2009-11-30 2015-02-11 Oc欧瑞康巴尔斯公司 Lithium ion battery and method for manufacturing of such battery
KR101831401B1 (en) * 2010-01-26 2018-02-23 사임베트 코퍼레이션 Battery arrays, construction and method
US9130232B2 (en) 2010-03-03 2015-09-08 Johnson Controls Technology Company Battery grids and methods for manufacturing same
US9748578B2 (en) 2010-04-14 2017-08-29 Johnson Controls Technology Company Battery and battery plate assembly
CN103190023B (en) 2010-04-14 2015-12-16 约翰逊控制技术公司 Storage battery, accumulator pole board component and assemble method
FR2961638B1 (en) * 2010-06-21 2012-07-06 Commissariat Energie Atomique MICROBATTERY AND PROCESS FOR PRODUCING MICROBATTERY
JP5990804B2 (en) 2010-07-19 2016-09-14 オプトドット コーポレイション Electrochemical battery separator
US9761883B2 (en) 2011-11-03 2017-09-12 Johnson Controls Technology Company Battery grid with varied corrosion resistance
KR102428025B1 (en) 2012-08-16 2022-08-03 에노빅스 코오퍼레이션 Electrode structures for three-dimensional batteries
US9356314B2 (en) 2013-02-25 2016-05-31 Battelle Memorial Institute Metallization pattern on solid electrolyte or porous support of sodium battery process
US10879513B2 (en) 2013-04-29 2020-12-29 Optodot Corporation Nanoporous composite separators with increased thermal conductivity
DE102013111109A1 (en) 2013-10-08 2015-04-09 Johnson Controls Autobatterie Gmbh & Co. Kgaa Grid arrangement for a plate-shaped battery electrode of an electrochemical accumulator and accumulator
DE102013111667A1 (en) 2013-10-23 2015-04-23 Johnson Controls Autobatterie Gmbh & Co. Kgaa Grid arrangement for a plate-shaped battery electrode and accumulator
US9806299B2 (en) * 2014-04-08 2017-10-31 International Business Machines Corporation Cathode for thin film microbattery
TWI485905B (en) * 2014-07-18 2015-05-21 Iner Aec Executive Yuan Thin film battery structure and manufacturing method thereof
US10381623B2 (en) 2015-07-09 2019-08-13 Optodot Corporation Nanoporous separators for batteries and related manufacturing methods
TWI793480B (en) 2015-05-14 2023-02-21 美商易諾維公司 Longitudinal constraints for energy storage devices
FR3043496B1 (en) 2015-11-10 2020-05-29 Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Et Aux Energies Alternatives METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING AN ELECTROCHEMICAL DEVICE, SUCH AS AN ELECTROCHROMIC SYSTEM OR AN ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM, FOR EXAMPLE A MICROBATTERY, A BATTERY OR A SUPERCAPACITY.
KR20230110655A (en) 2016-05-13 2023-07-24 에노빅스 코오퍼레이션 Dimensional constraints for three-dimensional batteries
DE112017003346T5 (en) 2016-07-01 2019-03-14 Applied Materials, Inc. Cleaning and separation of low-melting metal
KR102001105B1 (en) 2016-07-06 2019-07-17 주식회사 엘지화학 Secondary battert
KR102525366B1 (en) 2016-11-16 2023-04-26 에노빅스 코오퍼레이션 Three-dimensional batteries with compressible cathodes
US10256507B1 (en) 2017-11-15 2019-04-09 Enovix Corporation Constrained electrode assembly
KR20240004354A (en) 2021-03-31 2024-01-11 에노빅스 코오퍼레이션 Electrode assembly structure, secondary battery and manufacturing method

Citations (27)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3004903A (en) * 1946-08-29 1961-10-17 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Anodizing method
US3437529A (en) * 1966-07-26 1969-04-08 Esb Inc Battery electrode-separator assembly
US3494796A (en) * 1968-02-08 1970-02-10 Union Carbide Corp Galvanic dry tape cell construction
US3563805A (en) * 1969-02-20 1971-02-16 Union Carbide Corp Thin,flat primary cells and batteries
US3709459A (en) * 1969-11-21 1973-01-09 Electric Power Storage Ltd Mould for casting electrode grids for electric storage batteries
US4158085A (en) * 1978-01-31 1979-06-12 Yardney Electric Corporation Electrode with separator beads embedded therein
US4262631A (en) * 1979-10-01 1981-04-21 Kubacki Ronald M Thin film deposition apparatus using an RF glow discharge
US4502902A (en) * 1981-12-03 1985-03-05 Sirs - Societe Internationale De Revetements De Sol S.A. Process and apparatus for ultrasonically welding threads to a material
US4605813A (en) * 1982-09-29 1986-08-12 Nippondenso Co., Ltd. Amorphous silicon solar battery
US4612409A (en) * 1981-11-04 1986-09-16 Kanegafuchi Kagaku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Flexible photovoltaic device
US4615959A (en) * 1984-05-07 1986-10-07 Sanyo Chemical Industries, Ltd. Secondary battery or cell with improved rechargeability
US4621035A (en) * 1982-01-20 1986-11-04 Polaroid Corporation Lithium batteries with laminar anodes
US4732825A (en) * 1985-12-10 1988-03-22 Seiko Electronic Components Ltd. Flat cell
US4812375A (en) * 1988-06-27 1989-03-14 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Separator for lithium batteries and lithium batteries including the separator
US4851308A (en) * 1988-01-19 1989-07-25 Chronar Corp. Solid-state energy storage cell wherein the electrolyte comprises an organic support and an inorganic salt
US4877694A (en) * 1987-05-18 1989-10-31 Eltech Systems Corporation Gas diffusion electrode
US4897917A (en) * 1987-06-18 1990-02-06 Societe Nationale Elf Aquitaine Method of assembling components of an electrochemical generator using thin films of lithium
US4911995A (en) * 1987-03-11 1990-03-27 Hydro-Quebec Thin electrode supported on electronically conductive sheet and process of manufacture
US4927514A (en) * 1988-09-01 1990-05-22 Eltech Systems Corporation Platinum black air cathode, method of operating same, and layered gas diffusion electrode of improved inter-layer bonding
US4963161A (en) * 1989-07-10 1990-10-16 At&T Bell Laboratories Non-aqueous alkali battery having an improved cathode
US4981672A (en) * 1983-06-27 1991-01-01 Voltaix, Inc. Composite coating for electrochemical electrode and method
US5001023A (en) * 1988-03-01 1991-03-19 Imperial Chemical Industries Plc Solid electrolyte devices
US5011749A (en) * 1988-06-23 1991-04-30 Yeda Research And Development Co., Ltd. Thin ribbonlike flexible rechargeable zinc/halide cell
US5019468A (en) * 1988-10-27 1991-05-28 Brother Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Sheet type storage battery and printed wiring board containing the same
US5110694A (en) * 1990-10-11 1992-05-05 The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration Secondary Li battery incorporating 12-Crown-4 ether
US5162172A (en) * 1990-12-14 1992-11-10 Arch Development Corporation Bipolar battery
US5227264A (en) * 1991-02-14 1993-07-13 Hydro-Quebec Device for packaging a lithium battery

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4502903A (en) * 1982-01-20 1985-03-05 Polaroid Corporation Method of making lithium batteries with laminar anodes

Patent Citations (28)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3004903A (en) * 1946-08-29 1961-10-17 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Anodizing method
US3437529A (en) * 1966-07-26 1969-04-08 Esb Inc Battery electrode-separator assembly
US3494796A (en) * 1968-02-08 1970-02-10 Union Carbide Corp Galvanic dry tape cell construction
US3563805A (en) * 1969-02-20 1971-02-16 Union Carbide Corp Thin,flat primary cells and batteries
US3709459A (en) * 1969-11-21 1973-01-09 Electric Power Storage Ltd Mould for casting electrode grids for electric storage batteries
US4158085A (en) * 1978-01-31 1979-06-12 Yardney Electric Corporation Electrode with separator beads embedded therein
US4262631A (en) * 1979-10-01 1981-04-21 Kubacki Ronald M Thin film deposition apparatus using an RF glow discharge
US4773942A (en) * 1981-11-04 1988-09-27 Kanegafuchi Kagaku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Flexible photovoltaic device
US4612409A (en) * 1981-11-04 1986-09-16 Kanegafuchi Kagaku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Flexible photovoltaic device
US4502902A (en) * 1981-12-03 1985-03-05 Sirs - Societe Internationale De Revetements De Sol S.A. Process and apparatus for ultrasonically welding threads to a material
US4621035A (en) * 1982-01-20 1986-11-04 Polaroid Corporation Lithium batteries with laminar anodes
US4605813A (en) * 1982-09-29 1986-08-12 Nippondenso Co., Ltd. Amorphous silicon solar battery
US4981672A (en) * 1983-06-27 1991-01-01 Voltaix, Inc. Composite coating for electrochemical electrode and method
US4615959A (en) * 1984-05-07 1986-10-07 Sanyo Chemical Industries, Ltd. Secondary battery or cell with improved rechargeability
US4732825A (en) * 1985-12-10 1988-03-22 Seiko Electronic Components Ltd. Flat cell
US4911995A (en) * 1987-03-11 1990-03-27 Hydro-Quebec Thin electrode supported on electronically conductive sheet and process of manufacture
US4877694A (en) * 1987-05-18 1989-10-31 Eltech Systems Corporation Gas diffusion electrode
US4897917A (en) * 1987-06-18 1990-02-06 Societe Nationale Elf Aquitaine Method of assembling components of an electrochemical generator using thin films of lithium
US4851308A (en) * 1988-01-19 1989-07-25 Chronar Corp. Solid-state energy storage cell wherein the electrolyte comprises an organic support and an inorganic salt
US5001023A (en) * 1988-03-01 1991-03-19 Imperial Chemical Industries Plc Solid electrolyte devices
US5011749A (en) * 1988-06-23 1991-04-30 Yeda Research And Development Co., Ltd. Thin ribbonlike flexible rechargeable zinc/halide cell
US4812375A (en) * 1988-06-27 1989-03-14 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Separator for lithium batteries and lithium batteries including the separator
US4927514A (en) * 1988-09-01 1990-05-22 Eltech Systems Corporation Platinum black air cathode, method of operating same, and layered gas diffusion electrode of improved inter-layer bonding
US5019468A (en) * 1988-10-27 1991-05-28 Brother Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Sheet type storage battery and printed wiring board containing the same
US4963161A (en) * 1989-07-10 1990-10-16 At&T Bell Laboratories Non-aqueous alkali battery having an improved cathode
US5110694A (en) * 1990-10-11 1992-05-05 The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration Secondary Li battery incorporating 12-Crown-4 ether
US5162172A (en) * 1990-12-14 1992-11-10 Arch Development Corporation Bipolar battery
US5227264A (en) * 1991-02-14 1993-07-13 Hydro-Quebec Device for packaging a lithium battery

Cited By (65)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8206469B2 (en) 2000-10-20 2012-06-26 A123 Systems, Inc. Battery structures, self-organizing structures and related methods
US7662265B2 (en) 2000-10-20 2010-02-16 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Electrophoretic assembly of electrochemical devices
US20100003603A1 (en) * 2000-10-20 2010-01-07 Yet-Ming Chiang Battery structures, self-organizing structures and related methods
US8168326B2 (en) 2000-10-20 2012-05-01 A123 Systems, Inc. Battery structures, self-organizing structures and related methods
US8580430B2 (en) 2000-10-20 2013-11-12 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Battery structures, self-organizing structures, and related methods
US8277975B2 (en) 2000-10-20 2012-10-02 Massachusetts Intitute Of Technology Reticulated and controlled porosity battery structures
US8241789B2 (en) 2000-10-20 2012-08-14 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Battery structures, self-organizing structures and related methods
US8206468B2 (en) 2000-10-20 2012-06-26 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Battery structures, self-organizing structures and related methods
US8586238B2 (en) 2000-10-20 2013-11-19 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Battery structures, self-organizing structures, and related methods
US8709647B2 (en) 2000-10-20 2014-04-29 A123 Systems Llc Battery structures and related methods
US7988746B2 (en) 2000-10-20 2011-08-02 A123 Systems, Inc. Battery structures, self-organizing structures and related methods
US8148009B2 (en) 2000-10-20 2012-04-03 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Reticulated and controlled porosity battery structures
US20110064999A1 (en) * 2000-10-20 2011-03-17 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Reticulated and controlled porosity battery structures
US20110027656A1 (en) * 2000-10-20 2011-02-03 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Electrophoretic assembly of electrochemical devices
US20110005065A1 (en) * 2000-10-20 2011-01-13 Yet-Ming Chiang Battery structures, self-organizing structures and related methods
US20080213662A1 (en) * 2000-10-20 2008-09-04 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Reticulated and controlled porosity battery structures
US7781098B2 (en) 2000-10-20 2010-08-24 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Reticulated and controlled porosity battery structures
US7553584B2 (en) 2000-10-20 2009-06-30 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Reticulated and controlled porosity battery structures
US6680724B2 (en) 2001-05-31 2004-01-20 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. Flexible electronic viewing device
US8088512B2 (en) 2001-07-27 2012-01-03 A123 Systems, Inc. Self organizing battery structure method
US7579112B2 (en) 2001-07-27 2009-08-25 A123 Systems, Inc. Battery structures, self-organizing structures and related methods
US6844109B2 (en) 2001-12-18 2005-01-18 Ngk Spark Plug Co., Ltd. Li-ion and/or Li-ion polymer battery with edge protectors
US20030113618A1 (en) * 2001-12-18 2003-06-19 Ntk Powerdex, Inc. Li-ion and/or Li-ion polymer battery with edge protectors
US8148013B2 (en) 2001-12-21 2012-04-03 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Conductive lithium storage electrode
US20040005265A1 (en) * 2001-12-21 2004-01-08 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Conductive lithium storage electrode
US7338734B2 (en) 2001-12-21 2008-03-04 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Conductive lithium storage electrode
US8852807B2 (en) 2001-12-21 2014-10-07 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Conductive lithium storage electrode
US20030174049A1 (en) * 2002-03-18 2003-09-18 Precision Dynamics Corporation Wearable identification appliance that communicates with a wireless communications network such as bluetooth
US7849619B2 (en) 2002-03-18 2010-12-14 Mosher Jr Walter W Enhanced identification appliance for verifying and authenticating the bearer through biometric data
US7204425B2 (en) 2002-03-18 2007-04-17 Precision Dynamics Corporation Enhanced identification appliance
US20070017136A1 (en) * 2002-03-18 2007-01-25 Mosher Walter W Jr Enhanced identification applicance for verifying and authenticating the bearer through biometric data
US20050168340A1 (en) * 2002-03-18 2005-08-04 Mosher Walter W.Jr. Enhanced identification appliance having a plurality or data sets for authentication
US7087348B2 (en) 2002-07-26 2006-08-08 A123 Systems, Inc. Coated electrode particles for composite electrodes and electrochemical cells
US8481208B2 (en) 2002-07-26 2013-07-09 A123 Systems, LLC Bipolar articles and related methods
US7763382B2 (en) 2002-07-26 2010-07-27 A123 Systems, Inc. Bipolar articles and related methods
US20040018430A1 (en) * 2002-07-26 2004-01-29 A123 Systems, Inc. Electrodes and related devices
US20050034993A1 (en) * 2003-06-23 2005-02-17 A123 Systems, Inc. Polymer composition for encapsulation of electrode particles
US7318982B2 (en) 2003-06-23 2008-01-15 A123 Systems, Inc. Polymer composition for encapsulation of electrode particles
US20050260492A1 (en) * 2004-04-21 2005-11-24 Tucholski Gary R Thin printable flexible electrochemical cell and method of making the same
US8722235B2 (en) 2004-04-21 2014-05-13 Blue Spark Technologies, Inc. Thin printable flexible electrochemical cell and method of making the same
US8435678B2 (en) 2005-02-03 2013-05-07 A123 Systems, LLC Electrode material with enhanced ionic transport properties
US20060216586A1 (en) * 2005-03-22 2006-09-28 Tucholski Gary R Thin printable electrochemical cell utilizing a "picture frame" and methods of making the same
US8268475B2 (en) 2005-03-22 2012-09-18 Blue Spark Technologies, Inc. Thin printable electrochemical cell and methods of making the same
US8029927B2 (en) 2005-03-22 2011-10-04 Blue Spark Technologies, Inc. Thin printable electrochemical cell utilizing a “picture frame” and methods of making the same
US8734980B2 (en) 2005-05-06 2014-05-27 Blue Spark Technologies, Inc. Electrical device-battery assembly and the method to make the same
US20090038746A1 (en) * 2005-05-06 2009-02-12 Tucholski Gary R Rfid antenna-battery assembly and the method to make the same
US8722233B2 (en) 2005-05-06 2014-05-13 Blue Spark Technologies, Inc. RFID antenna-battery assembly and the method to make the same
US20110200868A1 (en) * 2005-07-15 2011-08-18 Klaassen Jody J THIN-FILM BATTERIES WITH POLYMER AND LiPON ELECTROLYTE LAYERS AND METHOD
US20130071729A1 (en) * 2005-07-15 2013-03-21 Cymbet Corporation Thin-film batteries with polymer and lipon electrolyte layers and method
US8999571B2 (en) 2007-05-25 2015-04-07 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Batteries and electrodes for use thereof
US20090202903A1 (en) * 2007-05-25 2009-08-13 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Batteries and electrodes for use thereof
US8441411B2 (en) 2007-07-18 2013-05-14 Blue Spark Technologies, Inc. Integrated electronic device and methods of making the same
US8574754B2 (en) 2007-12-19 2013-11-05 Blue Spark Technologies, Inc. High current thin electrochemical cell and methods of making the same
US10164242B2 (en) 2011-04-07 2018-12-25 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Controlled porosity in electrodes
US9065093B2 (en) 2011-04-07 2015-06-23 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Controlled porosity in electrodes
US9027242B2 (en) 2011-09-22 2015-05-12 Blue Spark Technologies, Inc. Cell attachment method
US8765284B2 (en) 2012-05-21 2014-07-01 Blue Spark Technologies, Inc. Multi-cell battery
US9782082B2 (en) 2012-11-01 2017-10-10 Blue Spark Technologies, Inc. Body temperature logging patch
US10617306B2 (en) 2012-11-01 2020-04-14 Blue Spark Technologies, Inc. Body temperature logging patch
US9444078B2 (en) 2012-11-27 2016-09-13 Blue Spark Technologies, Inc. Battery cell construction
US10569480B2 (en) 2014-10-03 2020-02-25 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Pore orientation using magnetic fields
US10675819B2 (en) 2014-10-03 2020-06-09 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Magnetic field alignment of emulsions to produce porous articles
US9693689B2 (en) 2014-12-31 2017-07-04 Blue Spark Technologies, Inc. Body temperature logging patch
US10631731B2 (en) 2014-12-31 2020-04-28 Blue Spark Technologies, Inc. Body temperature logging patch
US10849501B2 (en) 2017-08-09 2020-12-01 Blue Spark Technologies, Inc. Body temperature logging patch

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US5350645A (en) 1994-09-27

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
USRE36843E (en) Polymer-lithium batteries and improved methods for manufacturing batteries
US5735912A (en) Methods of forming battery electrodes
US5658684A (en) Battery having orifices for connection with electrode terminals
US5540742A (en) Method of fabricating thin film cells and printed circuit boards containing thin film cells using a screen printing process
US5035965A (en) Printed circuit board having a thin film cell incorporated therein
JP3373242B2 (en) Stacked battery and method of manufacturing the same
US5217828A (en) Flexible thin film cell including packaging material
US5073684A (en) Sheet type storage battery and printed wiring board containing the same
US4152825A (en) Method of making a flat battery
JP2009502011A (en) Thin film battery and method with soft and hard electrolyte layers
US6368363B1 (en) Method of mass producing solid electrolytic capacitors and apparatus for making the same
US6371997B1 (en) Method for manufacturing lithium polymer secondary battery and lithium polymer secondary battery made by the method
JP2003168416A (en) All solid-type battery and its manufacturing method
EP1429412B1 (en) Production method of lithuim secondary battery and production device therefor
US7508652B2 (en) Solid electrolytic capacitor and method of making same
JP3361562B2 (en) Stacked battery
US7901807B2 (en) Energy device and method for producing the same
JPH02121384A (en) Battery built-in type printed wiring board
JPH06223805A (en) Battery integrated type printed circuit board and manufacture thereof
JP2003109839A (en) Manufacturing method of laminated electronic part
JPH08222214A (en) Lithium battery
JPH02100268A (en) Sheet type thin battery
KR100450178B1 (en) Method for manufacturing lithium polymer batteries in continuous manner at high speed
EP4089806A1 (en) A method for producing a current collector for a thin battery
US6929877B2 (en) Battery device

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
FPAY Fee payment

Year of fee payment: 8

FPAY Fee payment

Year of fee payment: 12

AS Assignment

Owner name: KEYSTONE TECHNOLOGY SOLUTIONS, LLC,IDAHO

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:MICRON TECHNOLOGY, INC.;REEL/FRAME:019825/0542

Effective date: 20070628

Owner name: KEYSTONE TECHNOLOGY SOLUTIONS, LLC, IDAHO

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:MICRON TECHNOLOGY, INC.;REEL/FRAME:019825/0542

Effective date: 20070628

AS Assignment

Owner name: ROUND ROCK RESEARCH, LLC, NEW YORK

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:MICRON TECHNOLOGY, INC.;REEL/FRAME:023786/0416

Effective date: 20091223

Owner name: ROUND ROCK RESEARCH, LLC,NEW YORK

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:MICRON TECHNOLOGY, INC.;REEL/FRAME:023786/0416

Effective date: 20091223

AS Assignment

Owner name: MICRON TECHNOLOGY, INC.,IDAHO

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:KEYSTONE TECHNOLOGY SOLUTIONS, LLC;REEL/FRAME:023839/0881

Effective date: 20091222

Owner name: MICRON TECHNOLOGY, INC., IDAHO

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:KEYSTONE TECHNOLOGY SOLUTIONS, LLC;REEL/FRAME:023839/0881

Effective date: 20091222