USRE37998E1 - Colored glass compositions and glazings produced therewith - Google Patents
Colored glass compositions and glazings produced therewith Download PDFInfo
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- USRE37998E1 USRE37998E1 US08/720,370 US72037096A USRE37998E US RE37998 E1 USRE37998 E1 US RE37998E1 US 72037096 A US72037096 A US 72037096A US RE37998 E USRE37998 E US RE37998E
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- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(ii) oxide Chemical compound [Co]=O IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 229910000428 cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trioxochromium Chemical compound O=[Cr](=O)=O WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910000423 chromium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- QDOXWKRWXJOMAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichromium trioxide Chemical compound O=[Cr]O[Cr]=O QDOXWKRWXJOMAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910000272 alkali metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000287 alkaline earth metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910011255 B2O3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Na2O Inorganic materials [O-2].[Na+].[Na+] KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 5
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 4
- -1 B 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 4
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 4
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 claims 3
- NOTVAPJNGZMVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium monoxide Inorganic materials [K]O[K] NOTVAPJNGZMVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000005361 soda-lime glass Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000005329 float glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006124 Pilkington process Methods 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005234 chemical deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002320 enamel (paints) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006060 molten glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- NDLPOXTZKUMGOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoferriooxy)iron hydrate Chemical compound O.O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O NDLPOXTZKUMGOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003606 tin compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001771 vacuum deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000016776 visual perception Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C3/00—Glass compositions
- C03C3/04—Glass compositions containing silica
- C03C3/076—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight
- C03C3/083—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing aluminium oxide or an iron compound
- C03C3/085—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing aluminium oxide or an iron compound containing an oxide of a divalent metal
- C03C3/087—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing aluminium oxide or an iron compound containing an oxide of a divalent metal containing calcium oxide, e.g. common sheet or container glass
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
- C03C17/22—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with other inorganic material
- C03C17/23—Oxides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C3/00—Glass compositions
- C03C3/04—Glass compositions containing silica
- C03C3/076—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight
- C03C3/078—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing an oxide of a divalent metal, e.g. an oxide of zinc
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C4/00—Compositions for glass with special properties
- C03C4/02—Compositions for glass with special properties for coloured glass
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C2217/00—Coatings on glass
- C03C2217/20—Materials for coating a single layer on glass
- C03C2217/21—Oxides
- C03C2217/211—SnO2
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S501/00—Compositions: ceramic
- Y10S501/90—Optical glass, e.g. silent on refractive index and/or ABBE number
- Y10S501/904—Infrared transmitting or absorbing
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S501/00—Compositions: ceramic
- Y10S501/90—Optical glass, e.g. silent on refractive index and/or ABBE number
- Y10S501/905—Ultraviolet transmitting or absorbing
Definitions
- the present invention relates to glass compositions used in the production of colored glazings, particularly for motor vehicle sunroofs.
- the greenhouse effect is an important factor which must be taken into account in determining the air conditioning requirements for such automobiles. This is more particularly true in the case of cars equipped with glass sunroofs.
- numerous unsuccessful attempts have previously been made by those skilled in the art to produce colored glass compositions having the low light and energy transmission properties offered by the glasses of the present invention.
- the present invention is directed to glass compositions which are highly colored, particularly grey-blue or green glasses, which are suitable for the applications described above. For a given thickness, these glasses have a very low total light transmission and total energy transmission.
- the total amount of the alkaline earth oxides ranges between 6 and 16% by weight and further wherein the total amount of alkali metal oxides is between 10 and 20% by weight.
- the glass compositions of the invention also incorporate, as coloring agents:
- the amount of CoO is preferably greater than about 0.02% by weight when the amount of Fe 2 O 3 is less than about 2% by weight.
- selenium and/or chromium oxide may also be added to the glass composition to provide additional coloration.
- the sum of CoO+selenium+Cr 2 O 3 is preferably no greater than 0.24.
- the glass of the invention has a total light transmission factor under illuminant A (i.e., designated as “TL A ”) less than or equal to about 20% and a total energy transmission factor (i.e., “T E ”) equal to or below approximately 12% at a “standard” glass thickness of 3.85 mm.
- Glazings formed with the glasses produced according to the invention are produced under conditions such that their redox potential, i.e., defined as the ratio of the ferrous oxide to the total quantity of iron, both expressed in the form of ferric oxide, ranges between about 0.16 and 0.40. Most of the glasses according to the invention, i.e., at least those having an iron content equal to or above approximately 2%, are produced in electric furnaces. The remaining compositions are compatible with conventional reverberatory furnaces.
- the colored glasses according to the invention preferably have a total light transmission below about 15%, or more preferably below 12%.
- the total energy transmission of these glasses is generally below about 8%.
- the percentage of the coloring agents in the glass is adjusted, depending upon the thickness of the glass.
- the colored glasses formed according to the invention can incorporate iron oxide as the sole coloring agent when the total content of this material, expressed as Fe 2 O 3 , is greater than about 3%.
- the production conditions are controlled in a manner known to those in the art such that their redox potential remains preferably equal to or below 0.30.
- the dominant wavelength of the glass thus obtained, when illuminated under illuminant C, is between about 500 and 570 nanometers.
- colored glasses produced according to the invention having a total iron oxide content (expressed as Fe 2 O 3 ) equal to or below about 3%, may further comprise cobalt oxide as an additional coloring agent.
- the colored glass comprises between about 2 and 3% Fe 2 O 3 , approximately 140 to 400 ppm of CoO and optionally up to 50 ppm of selenium.
- such glasses have a dominant wavelength under illuminant C of between about 485 and 505 nm. Their total energy transmission factor is equal to or below approximately 10% and is generally between 4 and 6.5%. The excitation purity of these glasses under illuminant C is generally below about 30%.
- the glasses of the invention which have a particularly low total light transmission factor, can have a relatively high excitation purity without having an excessively detrimental action on the visual perception of the color neutrality of the glass.
- the glass compositions may optionally have a lower content of cobalt oxide and selenium in accordance with the following weight proportions:
- these glasses When illuminated under illuminant C, these glasses have a dominant wavelength between about 485 and 570 nm and their excitation purity is generally below 20%. Their total energy transmission factor is below 10% and is usually between 5 and 8%. Glasses with a dominant wavelength between 485 and 500 nm are preferred for aesthetic reasons.
- the colored glasses formed according to the invention with a total iron oxide content, expressed as Fe 2 O 3 , equal to or below about 2.5%, can incorporate cobalt oxide and chromium oxide.
- the colored glass may comprise between about 1.5 and 2.5% Fe 2 O 3 , between about 150 and 300 ppm of cobalt oxide and between 700 and 2000 ppm of chromium oxide.
- these glasses When illuminated under illuminant C, these glasses have a dominant wavelength between about 490 and 510 nm and an excitation purity of about 10 to 25%. Their total energy transmission factor is below 10% and in general between about 5 and 8%.
- the basic composition used is conventional in the float glass industry. Coloring agents are added to the composition in sufficient proportions to make it possible, for a given thickness, to obtain the desired optical characteristics and appearance.
- the basic glass has the following formulation (in percent by weight):
- the coloring agents are added to the glass in place of a portion of the silica.
- Tables I and II set forth below illustrate different combinations of coloring agents.
- the values for the optical characteristics indicated were measured on 3.85 mm thick glazings. These glasses were formed under conditions such that they have a redox potential preferably equal to or below 0.35.
- the glass formulations of the invention are compatible for use with standard prior art procedures for producing float glass, provided that certain glasses, i.e., those having an iron content greater than or equal to about 2%, are produced in electrical furnaces.
- the thickness of the ribbon of glass obtained in the float glass process e.g., by layering the molten glass on a tin bath, can vary between 2 and 10 mm and preferably between 3 and 6 mm, where the glass is intended for the production of a glazing for a sunroof.
- Glazings obtained by cutting a ribbon of colored glass formed according to the present invention, optionally followed by bending to a desired shape, may be used directly for producing a sunroof for a car in such a way as to reconcile the aesthetic requirements with the requirements concerning passenger comfort
- such glazings may initially be surface treated or they may be combined with, e.g., a sheet of uncolored glass, an organic coating such as a polyurethane-based film with anti-lacerating properties, or a film ensuring a tight seal in the case of breakage.
- organic coating such as a polyurethane-based film with anti-lacerating properties
- film ensuring a tight seal in the case of breakage may also be locally coated with, e.g., an enamel coating.
- glazings formed according to the invention can additionally be coated with at least one metal oxide layer such as tin oxide, obtained by a high temperature chemical deposition technique such as pyrolysis, e.g. in accordance with the process described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,500,567, which discloses thermally decomposing an organic tin compound, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference or chemical vapor deposition (CVD) or by vacuum deposition, which processes are well known in the art.
- CVD chemical vapor deposition
- vacuum deposition which processes are well known in the art.
- the metal oxide coating makes it possible to further improve the light and energy transmission properties of the glass.
Abstract
The invention relates to a colored glass composition for producing glazings for use, e.g., as automobile sunroofs. The colored glass according to the invention is a soda-lime-silica glass comprising, as coloring agents, 1.4 to 4% iron oxide expressed as Fe2O3 and 0 to 0.05 % cobalt oxide, with the cobalt oxide exceeding about 0.02% when the Fe2O3 is below about 2% and, optionally, selenium and chromium oxide, whereby the sum of the CoO+Se+Cr2O3 is preferably less than about 0.24% by weight. The glass of the invention has a total light transmission factor under illuminant A equal to or below approximately 20% and a total energy transmission factor equal to or below approximately 12% for a thickness of 3.85 mm.
Description
This is a continuation of application Ser. No. 07/682,497, filed Apr. 9, 1991, now abandoned.
The present invention relates to glass compositions used in the production of colored glazings, particularly for motor vehicle sunroofs.
Now, more than ever before, automobile designers are incorporating into their designs glazings formed of colored glass which have both a functional purpose and an attractive appearance. This tendency is confirmed by the ever increasing glazed surface of new automobile models compared with older types.
As a result, the greenhouse effect is an important factor which must be taken into account in determining the air conditioning requirements for such automobiles. This is more particularly true in the case of cars equipped with glass sunroofs. In an attempt to reduce this greenhouse effect, numerous unsuccessful attempts have previously been made by those skilled in the art to produce colored glass compositions having the low light and energy transmission properties offered by the glasses of the present invention.
The present invention is directed to glass compositions which are highly colored, particularly grey-blue or green glasses, which are suitable for the applications described above. For a given thickness, these glasses have a very low total light transmission and total energy transmission.
According to the invention, these attributes are obtained with the use of a colored glass formulation comprising the following constituents in the weight proportions defined by the following limits:
SiO2 | 64 to 75% | ||
Al2O3 | 0 to 5% | ||
B2O3 | 0 to 5% | ||
CaO | 5 to 15% | ||
MgO | 0 to 5% | ||
Na2O | 10 to 18% | ||
K2O | 0 to 5% | ||
wherein the total amount of the alkaline earth oxides ranges between 6 and 16% by weight and further wherein the total amount of alkali metal oxides is between 10 and 20% by weight. At least one of Al2O3, B203, MgO or K2O, each in an amount of up to 5% (0.05) by weight, therefore may be employed. The glass compositions of the invention also incorporate, as coloring agents:
Fe2O3 (total iron) | 1.4 to 4% | ||
CoO | 0 to 0.05%. | ||
The amount of CoO is preferably greater than about 0.02% by weight when the amount of Fe2O3 is less than about 2% by weight. Optionally, selenium and/or chromium oxide may also be added to the glass composition to provide additional coloration. The sum of CoO+selenium+Cr2O3 is preferably no greater than 0.24. The glass of the invention has a total light transmission factor under illuminant A (i.e., designated as “TLA”) less than or equal to about 20% and a total energy transmission factor (i.e., “TE”) equal to or below approximately 12% at a “standard” glass thickness of 3.85 mm.
Glazings formed with the glasses produced according to the invention are produced under conditions such that their redox potential, i.e., defined as the ratio of the ferrous oxide to the total quantity of iron, both expressed in the form of ferric oxide, ranges between about 0.16 and 0.40. Most of the glasses according to the invention, i.e., at least those having an iron content equal to or above approximately 2%, are produced in electric furnaces. The remaining compositions are compatible with conventional reverberatory furnaces.
For a given thickness, the colored glasses according to the invention preferably have a total light transmission below about 15%, or more preferably below 12%. The total energy transmission of these glasses is generally below about 8%.
In order to obtain the desired optical characteristics, particularly the aforementioned light and energy transmission values, the percentage of the coloring agents in the glass is adjusted, depending upon the thickness of the glass.
Thus, for a thickness of 3.85 millimeters, the colored glasses formed according to the invention can incorporate iron oxide as the sole coloring agent when the total content of this material, expressed as Fe2O3, is greater than about 3%. For such glasses, the production conditions are controlled in a manner known to those in the art such that their redox potential remains preferably equal to or below 0.30. The dominant wavelength of the glass thus obtained, when illuminated under illuminant C, is between about 500 and 570 nanometers.
For the same thickness, colored glasses produced according to the invention having a total iron oxide content (expressed as Fe2O3) equal to or below about 3%, may further comprise cobalt oxide as an additional coloring agent.
Thus, in one embodiment of the invention, the colored glass comprises between about 2 and 3% Fe2O3, approximately 140 to 400 ppm of CoO and optionally up to 50 ppm of selenium.
In general, such glasses have a dominant wavelength under illuminant C of between about 485 and 505 nm. Their total energy transmission factor is equal to or below approximately 10% and is generally between 4 and 6.5%. The excitation purity of these glasses under illuminant C is generally below about 30%. The glasses of the invention, which have a particularly low total light transmission factor, can have a relatively high excitation purity without having an excessively detrimental action on the visual perception of the color neutrality of the glass.
In a further embodiment of the invention, the glass compositions may optionally have a lower content of cobalt oxide and selenium in accordance with the following weight proportions:
Fe2O3 | 1.4 to 2.5% | ||
CoO | 150 to 330 ppm | ||
selenium | 10 to 35 ppm | ||
When illuminated under illuminant C, these glasses have a dominant wavelength between about 485 and 570 nm and their excitation purity is generally below 20%. Their total energy transmission factor is below 10% and is usually between 5 and 8%. Glasses with a dominant wavelength between 485 and 500 nm are preferred for aesthetic reasons.
For a thickness of 3.85 mm the colored glasses formed according to the invention with a total iron oxide content, expressed as Fe2O3, equal to or below about 2.5%, can incorporate cobalt oxide and chromium oxide.
Thus, in another embodiment of the invention, the colored glass may comprise between about 1.5 and 2.5% Fe2O3, between about 150 and 300 ppm of cobalt oxide and between 700 and 2000 ppm of chromium oxide. When illuminated under illuminant C, these glasses have a dominant wavelength between about 490 and 510 nm and an excitation purity of about 10 to 25%. Their total energy transmission factor is below 10% and in general between about 5 and 8%.
To form the glasses according to the invention, the basic composition used is conventional in the float glass industry. Coloring agents are added to the composition in sufficient proportions to make it possible, for a given thickness, to obtain the desired optical characteristics and appearance. The basic glass has the following formulation (in percent by weight):
SiO2 | 72.1% | ||
Al2O3 | 0.74% | ||
CaO | 8.90% | ||
MgO | 3.79% | ||
Na2O | 14.16% | ||
K2O | 0.11% | ||
SO3 | 0.20% | ||
The coloring agents are added to the glass in place of a portion of the silica.
The various examples appearing in Tables I and II set forth below illustrate different combinations of coloring agents. The values for the optical characteristics indicated were measured on 3.85 mm thick glazings. These glasses were formed under conditions such that they have a redox potential preferably equal to or below 0.35.
For glasses containing iron and cobalt oxide as coloring agents and having between approximately 2 and 3% of iron, it is desirable to include at least about 140 ppm of CoO within a 3.85 mm thick glazing. At lower amounts of CoO, the light transmission of the glass tends to increase and can exceed 15%.
For glasses colored with selenium and iron and cobalt oxides, it is recommended to introduce at least 1.4% iron oxide for a 3.85 mm thick glazing. Below this percentage, the light and energy transmissions of the glass respectively exceed 15 and 12%.
The glass compositions set forth in Tables I and II below and the preceding remarks concerning certain combinations of coloring agents are provided only to illustrate the numerous variations which can be produced without passing outside the scope of the invention and are not meant to limit the invention in any manner.
The glass formulations of the invention are compatible for use with standard prior art procedures for producing float glass, provided that certain glasses, i.e., those having an iron content greater than or equal to about 2%, are produced in electrical furnaces. The thickness of the ribbon of glass obtained in the float glass process, e.g., by layering the molten glass on a tin bath, can vary between 2 and 10 mm and preferably between 3 and 6 mm, where the glass is intended for the production of a glazing for a sunroof.
Glazings obtained by cutting a ribbon of colored glass formed according to the present invention, optionally followed by bending to a desired shape, may be used directly for producing a sunroof for a car in such a way as to reconcile the aesthetic requirements with the requirements concerning passenger comfort
As known in the art, such glazings may initially be surface treated or they may be combined with, e.g., a sheet of uncolored glass, an organic coating such as a polyurethane-based film with anti-lacerating properties, or a film ensuring a tight seal in the case of breakage. These glazings may also be locally coated with, e.g., an enamel coating.
Furthermore, glazings formed according to the invention can additionally be coated with at least one metal oxide layer such as tin oxide, obtained by a high temperature chemical deposition technique such as pyrolysis, e.g. in accordance with the process described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,500,567, which discloses thermally decomposing an organic tin compound, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference or chemical vapor deposition (CVD) or by vacuum deposition, which processes are well known in the art. In the case of a glazing for use in forming the sunroof of a car, the metal oxide coating makes it possible to further improve the light and energy transmission properties of the glass.
TABLE I | ||
Glass | ||
composition | Coloring Agents (% by weight) |
no. | Fe2O3 | CoO | Se | Cr2O3 | Fe(II)/Total Fe |
1 | 3.72 | — | — | — | 0.26 |
2 | 1.45 | 0.0280 | 0.0024 | — | 0.35 |
3 | 1.54 | 0.0234 | 0.0026 | — | 0.34 |
4 | 1.59 | 0.0245 | 0.0031 | — | 0.35 |
5 | 1.58 | 0.0234 | 0.0023 | — | 0.39 |
6 | 1.76 | 0.0300 | 0.0023 | — | 0.33 |
7 | 1.74 | 0.0290 | 0.0019 | — | 0.34 |
8 | 2.27 | 0.0310 | 0.0015 | — | 0.34 |
9 | 2.85 | 0.0272 | — | — | 0.31 |
10 | 2.81 | 0.0160 | — | — | 0.26 |
11 | 2.80 | 0.0203 | — | — | 0.35 |
12 | 2.91 | 0.0270 | — | — | 0.27 |
13 | 2.36 | 0.0250 | — | 0.15 | 0.30 |
TABLE II | ||
Glass | Optical Characteristics |
composition | TLA | TE | λ | Po |
no. | (%) | (%) | (nm) | (%) |
1 | 11.3 | 4.5 | 566 | 43.7 |
2 | 11.7 | 8.4 | 485 | 14.7 |
3 | 9.8 | 6.5 | 551 | 7.2 |
4 | 10.1 | 7.1 | 565 | 11.6 |
5 | 11.7 | 7.2 | 493 | 8.3 |
6 | 9.3 | 6.4 | 489 | 12.3 |
7 | 11.1 | 7.5 | 485 | 19.3 |
8 | 7.8 | 4.5 | 488 | 20.3 |
9 | 8.2 | 4.2 | 489 | 25.7 |
10 | 13.5 | 6.3 | 502 | 10.8 |
11 | 9.7 | 4.5 | 494 | 17.3 |
12 | 10.2 | 5.4 | 490 | 22.4 |
Claims (35)
1. A glass composition for forming colored glazings consisting essentially of, in percent by weight, 64 to 75% SiO2, 5 to 15% CaO, 10 to 18% Na2O, at least one of Al2O3, B2O3, MgO or K2O, each in an amount of up to 5% by weight and CoO as a coloring agents, CoO in an amount of up to 0.05% by weight, wherein the amount of CoO is greater than about 0.02% by weight when Fe2O3 is present in said composition in an amount less than 2% by weight, and selenium in an amount up to about 0.005% by weight, and as a coloring agent, 1.4 to 4% by weight Fe2O3in an amount of about 1.4 to 4% by weight, wherein CoO is present in an amount greater than about 0.02% by weight when Fe 2 O 3 is present in an amount of less than 2 % by weight, CoO is present in an amount of at least 0.014 % by weight when Fe 2 O 3 is preset in an amount of 2 to 3 % by weight, the amount of alkaline earth oxides is between about 6- to 16% by weight and the amount of alkali metal oxides is between about 10- to 20% by weight and wherein glazings formed of said composition when illuminated under Illuminant C, hashave a dominant percentage light transmission between about 485-570 nm, and which glazings have a total light transmission factor under illuminantIlluminant A of less than 20% a total energy transmission factor of less than 12% when said glazings have a thickness of about 3.85 mm.
2. The composition of claim 1 which further comprises consists essentially of a color effective amount of chromium oxide as an additional coloring agent, wherein the total amount of CoO, selenium and Cr2O3 is less than about 0.24% by weight of said composition.
3. The composition of claim 2 which consists essentially of 2 to 3% by weight Fe2O3, 0.014 to 0.04 percent by weight CoO and up to 0.005% by weight selenium.
4. The composition of claim 2 which consists essentially of 1.4 to 2% by weight Fe2O3, 0.015 to 0.003 0.033% by weight CoO and 0.0010 to 0.0035% by weight selenium.
5. The composition of claim 2 which consists essentially of 1.5 to 2.5% by weight Fe2O3, 0015 to 0.030% by weight CoO and 0.07 to 0.2% by weight Cr2O3.
6. The composition of claim 1 wherein said Fe2O3 comprises between about 16 to 40% by weight of FeO.
7. The composition of claim 6 wherein said Fe2O3 is present in said composition in an amount between about 3-4% by weight.
8. A glazing comprising at least one colored glass sheet having the composition of claim 3 .
9. A glazing comprising at least one colored glass sheet having the composition of claim 4 .
10. A glazing comprising at least one colored glass sheet having the composition of claim 5 .
11. A glazing comprising at least one colored glass sheet having the composition of claim 8 .
12. The glazing of claim 8 , 9, 10 or 11 wherein the thickness of said glazing is between about 2 and 10 millimeters.
13. The glazing of claim 12 wherein the thickness of said glazing is between about 3 and 6 millimeters.
14. The glazing of claim 13 which further comprises at least one metal oxide layer coated upon at least a portion of said glazing.
15. A glass composition for forming colored glazings consisting essentially of, in percent by weight, about 64 to 75% SiO 2 , about 5 to 15 % CaO, about 10 to 18 % Na 2 O, at least one of Al 2 O 3 , B 2 O 3 , MgO, or K 2 O, each in an amount of up to about 5 % by weight, a coloring agent of Fe 2 O 3 in an amount of about 1.4 to 4 % by weight, an additional coloring agent of selenium in an amount effective to provide coloring to the composition, and, optionally, cobalt oxide or chromium oxide as additional coloring agents, wherein the amount of cobalt oxide, if present, is greater than about 0.02 % by weight when Fe 2 O 3 is present in an amount of less than 2 % by weight and is at least 0.014 % by weight when Fe 2 O 3 is present in an amount of 2 to 3 % by weight, the total amount of cobalt oxide, selenium and chromium oxide, if present in combination, is no greater than about 0.24 % by weight, the amount of alkaline earth oxides is between about 6 to 16 % by weight, the amount of alkali metal oxides is between about 10 to 20 % by weight, and glazings formed of such compositions have a dominant percentage light transmission of between about 485 to 570 nm when illuminated under Illuminant C.
16. The composition of claim 15 wherein glazings formed of such compositions have a total light transmission factor under Illuminant A of less than about 20% when such glazings have a thickness of about 3.85 mm.
17. The composition of claim 15 , wherein glazings formed of such compositions have a total energy transmission factor of less than about 12% when such glazings have a thickness of about 3.85 mm.
18. The composition of claim 15 , wherein at least about 15 to 40% by weight of the Fe 2 O 3 is present in the form of FeO.
19. The composition of claim 15 , wherein additional coloring agents of cobalt oxide and chromium oxide are present.
20. The composition of claim 19 , wherein the selenium is present in an amount of about 0.001 to 0.005% by weight, and the cobalt oxide is present in an amount of between about 0.014 to 0.04 % by weight, and the chromium oxide is present in an amount of about 0.07 to 0.2 % by weight.
21. A glazing comprising at least one colored glass sheet having the composition of claim 1 .
22. A glazing comprising at least one colored glass sheet having the composition of claim 15 .
23. The glazing of claim 22 having a thickness of between about 2 to 10 mm.
24. The glazing of claim 22 which further comprises at least one metal oxide layer coated upon at least a portion of said glazing.
25. A glass composition for forming colored glazings consisting essentially of, in percent by weight, about 64 to 75% SiO 2 , about 5 to 15 % CaO, about 10 to 18 % Na 2 O, at least one of Al 2 O 3 , B 2 O 3 , MgO, or K 2 O, each in an amount of up to about 5 % by weight, a coloring agent of Fe 2 O 3 in an amount of about 1.4 to 4 % by weight, at least two additional coloring agents of cobalt oxide and chromium oxide in amounts sufficient to provide additional coloring of the composition, and selenium as an optional additional coloring agent, wherein the amount of cobalt oxide is greater than about 0.02 % by weight when Fe 2 O 3 is present in an amount of less than 2 % by weight, the total amount of cobalt oxide, selenium and chromium oxide, if present in combination, is no greater than about 0.24 % by weight, the amount of alkaline earth oxides is between about 6 to 16 % by weight, the amount of alkali metal oxides is between about 10 to 20 % by weight, and glazings formed of such compositions have a dominant percentage light transmission of between about 485 to 570 nm when illuminated under Illuminant C.
26. An automobile sunroof comprising at least one glazing according to claim 22 .
27. An automobile sunroof comprising at least one colored glazing having a glass composition consisting essentially of, in percent by weight, about 64 to 75% SiO 2 , about 5 to 15 % CaO, about 10 to 18 % Na 2 O, at least one of Al 2 O 3 , B 2 O 3 , MgO, or K 2 O, each in an amount of up to about 5 % by weight, a coloring agent of Fe 2 O 3 in an amount of about 1.4 to 4 % by weight, and at least one additional coloring agent of selenium, optionally with cobalt oxide as an additional coloring agent, wherein the amount of cobalt oxide, if present, is greater than about 0.02 % by weight when the Fe 2 O 3 is present in an amount of less than 2 % by weight and is at least 0.014 % by weight when Fe 2 O 3 is present in an amount of 2 to 3 % by weight, the total amount of cobalt oxide, selenium and chromium oxide, if present in combination, is no greater than about 0.24 % by weight, the amount of alkaline earth oxides is between about 6 to 16 % by weight, the amount of alkali metal oxides is between about 10 to 20 % by weight, and the glazing has a dominant percentage light transmission of between about 485 to 570 nm when illuminated under Illuminant C.
28. The sunroof of claim 27 wherein the glazing has a total light transmission factor under Illuminant A of less than about 20% when such glazings have a thickness of about 3.85 mm.
29. The automobile sunroof of claim 27 , having a total energy transmission factor of less than about 12% at a thickness of about 3.85 mm.
30. The automobile sunroof of claim 27 , wherein at least about 15 to 40% by weight of the Fe 2 O 3 is present in the form of FeO.
31. The automobile sunroof of claim 27 , wherein the two additional coloring agents of cobalt oxide and chromium oxide are present.
32. The automobile sunroof of claim 31 , wherein the cobalt oxide is present in an amount of between about 0.014 to 0.04% by weight, the selenium is present in an amount of about 0.001 to 0.005 % by weight, the chromium oxide is present in an amount of about 0.07 to 0.2 % by weight or mixtures thereof.
33. The automobile sunroof of claim 27 which further comprises at least one metal oxide layer coated upon at least a portion of said glazing.
34. An automobile sunroof comprising at least one glazing according to claim 21 .
35. An automobile sunroof comprising at least one colored glazing having a glass composition consisting essentially of, in percent by weight, about 64 to 75% SiO 2 , about 5 to 15 % CaO, about 10 to 18 % Na 2 O, at least one of Al 2 O 3 , B 2 O 3 , MgO, or K 2 O, each in an amount of up to about 5 % by weight, a coloring agent of Fe 2 O 3 in an amount of about 1.4 to 4 % by weight, at least two additional coloring agents of cobalt oxide and chromium oxide in amounts sufficient to provide additional coloring of the glazing, and selenium as an optional additional coloring agent, wherein the cobalt oxide is present in an amount of greater than about 0.02 % by weight when Fe 2 O 3 is present in an amount of less than 2 % by weight, the total amount of cobalt oxide, selenium and chromium oxide, if present in combination, is no greater than about 0.24 % by weight, the amount of alkaline earth oxides is between about 6 to 16 % by weight, the amount of alkali metal oxides is between about 10 to 20 % by weight, and the glazing has a dominant percentage light transmission of between about 485 to 570 nm when illuminated under Illuminant C.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US08/720,370 USRE37998E1 (en) | 1990-04-13 | 1996-09-27 | Colored glass compositions and glazings produced therewith |
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9004805A FR2660921B1 (en) | 1990-04-13 | 1990-04-13 | GLASS IN TINTED GLASS, PARTICULARLY FOR THE ROOF OF MOTOR VEHICLES. |
FR9004805 | 1990-04-13 | ||
US68249791A | 1991-04-09 | 1991-04-09 | |
US08/044,554 US5352640A (en) | 1990-04-13 | 1993-04-07 | Colored glass compositions and glazings produced therewith |
US08/720,370 USRE37998E1 (en) | 1990-04-13 | 1996-09-27 | Colored glass compositions and glazings produced therewith |
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US08/044,554 Reissue US5352640A (en) | 1990-04-13 | 1993-04-07 | Colored glass compositions and glazings produced therewith |
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USRE37998E1 true USRE37998E1 (en) | 2003-02-18 |
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US08/720,370 Expired - Fee Related USRE37998E1 (en) | 1990-04-13 | 1996-09-27 | Colored glass compositions and glazings produced therewith |
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US08/044,554 Expired - Lifetime US5352640A (en) | 1990-04-13 | 1993-04-07 | Colored glass compositions and glazings produced therewith |
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US (2) | US5352640A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0452207B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP3609431B2 (en) |
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FR (1) | FR2660921B1 (en) |
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FR2682101A1 (en) | 1991-10-03 | 1993-04-09 | Saint Gobain Vitrage Int | COLORED GLASS COMPOSITION FOR CARRYING OUT GLASS. |
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- 1990-04-13 FR FR9004805A patent/FR2660921B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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1991
- 1991-04-08 CA CA002039959A patent/CA2039959C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-04-09 DK DK91400948.5T patent/DK0452207T3/en active
- 1991-04-09 EP EP91400948A patent/EP0452207B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-04-09 AT AT91400948T patent/ATE144487T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-04-09 ES ES91400948T patent/ES2095305T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-04-09 DE DE69122798T patent/DE69122798T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1991-04-11 PL PL91289844A patent/PL168341B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-04-11 YU YU65891A patent/YU47569B/en unknown
- 1991-04-12 BR BR919101484A patent/BR9101484A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-04-12 TR TR00418/91A patent/TR28388A/en unknown
- 1991-04-12 JP JP08002191A patent/JP3609431B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1991-04-12 HU HU911221A patent/HU213028B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-04-12 PT PT97367A patent/PT97367B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-04-12 KR KR1019910005819A patent/KR100227250B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-04-15 SK SK1063-91A patent/SK280640B6/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-04-15 CZ CS911063A patent/CZ282351B6/en not_active IP Right Cessation
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1993
- 1993-04-07 US US08/044,554 patent/US5352640A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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1996
- 1996-09-27 US US08/720,370 patent/USRE37998E1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US9079794B2 (en) | 2009-12-17 | 2015-07-14 | Pilkington Group Limited | Soda lime silica glass composition |
US8901021B2 (en) | 2011-02-14 | 2014-12-02 | Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. | Dark privacy glass |
US9120695B2 (en) | 2011-08-05 | 2015-09-01 | Kcc Corporation | Dark neutral gray glass composition with low transmittance, and glass formed therefrom |
WO2022265484A1 (en) | 2021-06-18 | 2022-12-22 | Vidrio Plano De Mexico, S.A. De C.V. | Grey glass having low light transmission |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DK0452207T3 (en) | 1997-03-24 |
HU213028B (en) | 1997-01-28 |
EP0452207A1 (en) | 1991-10-16 |
US5352640A (en) | 1994-10-04 |
GR3022323T3 (en) | 1997-04-30 |
KR910018318A (en) | 1991-11-30 |
HUT61712A (en) | 1993-03-01 |
DE69122798T2 (en) | 1997-05-28 |
EP0452207B1 (en) | 1996-10-23 |
JPH05330847A (en) | 1993-12-14 |
YU47569B (en) | 1995-10-03 |
HU911221D0 (en) | 1991-11-28 |
PT97367B (en) | 1998-10-30 |
KR100227250B1 (en) | 1999-11-01 |
BR9101484A (en) | 1991-12-03 |
FR2660921A1 (en) | 1991-10-18 |
JP3609431B2 (en) | 2005-01-12 |
PT97367A (en) | 1992-01-31 |
ES2095305T3 (en) | 1997-02-16 |
YU65891A (en) | 1994-04-05 |
SK280640B6 (en) | 2000-05-16 |
CS9101063A2 (en) | 1991-11-12 |
TR28388A (en) | 1996-05-16 |
DE69122798D1 (en) | 1996-11-28 |
FR2660921B1 (en) | 1993-11-26 |
PL168341B1 (en) | 1996-02-29 |
CA2039959A1 (en) | 1991-10-14 |
CZ282351B6 (en) | 1997-07-16 |
CA2039959C (en) | 2001-05-29 |
ATE144487T1 (en) | 1996-11-15 |
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