USRE40943E1 - Method in treating aqueous waste feedstream for improving the flux rates, cleaning and the useful life of filter media - Google Patents
Method in treating aqueous waste feedstream for improving the flux rates, cleaning and the useful life of filter media Download PDFInfo
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- USRE40943E1 USRE40943E1 US11/211,027 US21102705A USRE40943E US RE40943 E1 USRE40943 E1 US RE40943E1 US 21102705 A US21102705 A US 21102705A US RE40943 E USRE40943 E US RE40943E
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/72—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation
- C02F1/78—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation with ozone
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/001—Processes for the treatment of water whereby the filtration technique is of importance
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
- C02F1/444—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis by ultrafiltration or microfiltration
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
- C02F2201/78—Details relating to ozone treatment devices
- C02F2201/782—Ozone generators
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
- C02F2209/04—Oxidation reduction potential [ORP]
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
- C02F2209/23—O3
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2301/00—General aspects of water treatment
- C02F2301/06—Pressure conditions
- C02F2301/066—Overpressure, high pressure
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the use of ozone to treat and process aqueous waste feedstream, especially as this would relate to treatment at filtration plant facilities; but also in other uses, where the concern or object exists to improve flux rates of feedstream through filter media and effectively change feedstream character so that it is presented in a condition where it will cause less wear or destruction of such media, and provide the added feature of effectively cleaning such filter media.
- Ozone kills many biological agents by oxidizing the organic molecules that form the cell surface and in dealing with the problem of calcium buildup (a major portion of total dissolved solids—TDS), as well as dealing in the past with biocides used to chemically treat water systems.
- the Faivre et al. '307 and '830 patent references would appear to be the closest potentially applicable prior art.
- the '307 reference is entitled: “Unit for the treatment of water by ozonation, and a corresponding installation for the production of ozonized water.”
- the '830 reference is entitled: “Water treatment installation for a tangential filtration loop.”
- These references teach a water treatment unit and installation designed expressly for the purpose of producing “ozonated white water,” or water characterized by a multi-phase, non-homogeneous mixed system containing gaseous “bubbles” of ozone within the water, giving the water the appearance of turbulent ‘white’ water, and disclosed to have bubbles the size of between 20 and 200 microns, or larger in magnitude by virtue of the visibility to the naked eye of bubbled white water as described in Faivre.
- the bubbles and white water of the Faivre teachings are designed to create physical turbulence in the water at the membrane, and employ the ability of ozone, in such a gaseous state, as an oxidation agent to further restrict clogging of their tangential filtration membrane.
- Such installations or units require a reduction in initial pumping pressure to form gaseous ozone bubbles, and a phase separation to prevent cavitation of pumping units and other equipment on line by virtue of Faivre's feedstream being at a point of supersaturation with the presence of potentially damaging gaseous bubbles; therefore, exposing such a system to the loss of useful ozone content, even in the form of the gas bubbles earlier created, as well as further time and expense in reinstating gaseous ozone bubble concentrations with regard to any recycling operations.
- the pressure in the Faivre installation must be dropped some 50% to 75% before reaching any filter unit to form Faivre's ozone gas bubbles.
- the unit or installation system of Faivre cannot sustain useful pressure throughout its system loop, from beginning to end, during any given cycle of its application or operation. This loss in pressure will decrease potential flow rate across tangential membranes along with significant reduction in turbulence. Nor can it recycle, as indicated, without losing its gaseous ‘white water-bubbled ozone and starting from the beginning in re-generating its gaseous ozone bubbles or white water. These systems, therefore, lose their ability to effectively clean filter media because gaseous bubbled ozone, multi-phase fluid or suspension is submitted not to be an optimal form for effectively cleaning and saving wear on filter media.
- Faivre's loop or other equipment utilized on-line.
- Faivre would suggest, chemically, that its unit, installation or system, is sensitive to temperature and pH requirements because of the nature of its gaseous multi-phase mixture; thereby inherently involving greater potential for failure or demanding greater time and expense to maintain.
- step (a) which includes: directing, channeling and pumping an aqueous feedstream having waste contaminants, from a feed water area to a reactor area for contacting, reacting, pressurizing and equalizing the aqueous feedstream, and concentrating solids and removing solids from the aqueous feedstream.
- Step (c) of the present invention includes: directing the aqueous feedstream from the reactor area and measuring ozone activity of the aqueous feedstream.
- Step (d) includes: conveying the aqueous feedstream to a pumping area.
- Step (e) comprises: pumping the aqueous feedstream to a filtration area having filter media, an inflow portion subarea and an outflow portion subarea, respectively, before and after the filter media.
- Step (f) of the present method and system of the invention includes: marshaling an effluent portion volume of the aqueous feedstream passing through the filter media of the filtration area to the outflow portion subarea, and advancing and measuring ozone activity of the effluent portion volume, and the volume and amount of the effluent portion volume; and
- FIG. 1 is an exemplar flow diagram and schematic illustration of a preferred embodiment of the novel and substantially improved method in treating aqueous waste feedstream for improving the flux rates, cleaning and useful life of filter media of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is an exemplar flow diagram and schematic illustration of another preferred embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is another exemplar schematic, diagrammatic illustration of an embodiment related to that illustrated in FIG. 2 .
- FIG. 4 is an exemplar schematic diagram illustrating one of the preferred embodiments of the Reactor Area of the embodiment of the present invention illustrated in FIG. 1 .
- FIG. 5 is an exemplar schematic, diagrammatic illustration of another preferred embodiment of the Reactor Area utilized in the embodiment of the present invention illustrated in FIG. 1 .
- FIG. 6 is an exemplar schematic, diagrammatic illustration of preferred embodiment of the present invention related to that of FIG. 1 .
- FIGS. 1 , 2 and 3 there is diagrammatically illustrated an ozone method, process, installation and system in treating aqueous waste feedstream for improving the flux rates, cleaning and the prolongation of the useful life of filter membrane units and filter media 10 42 , of the present invention; referred to hereinafter as the Ozone Method (or Present Method or System) 10 .
- Ozone Method or Present Method or System
- hazardous chemicals and substances can be involved in dealing with aqueous waste feedstreams associated with a manufacturing plant, nuclear plant site or other facility producing aqueous waste having organic or inorganic pollutants and foulants; regarding which the present invention process is directed.
- the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA's) regulations establish two ways of identifying solid wastes as hazardous under the RCRA (Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, enacted in 1976 ).
- a waste may be considered hazardous if it exhibits certain hazardous properties (“characteristics”) or if it is included on a specific list of wastes EPA has determined are hazardous (“listing” a waste as hazardous) because the EPA found them to pose substantial present or potential hazards to human health or the environment.
- EPA's regulations in the Code of Federal Regulations define four hazardous waste characteristic properties: ignitability, corrosivity, reactivity, or toxicity (see 40 CFR 261 . 21 - 261 . 24 ).
- an aqueous waste feedstream associated with a nuclear plant site can and often does include “corrosion products” or corrosion materials (See, for example, EPA referenced publications: Gorby, Y. A., G. G. Geesey, F. Caccavo, Jr., AND J. K. Fredrickson, MICROBIALLY PROMOTED SOLUBILIZATION OF STEEL CORROSION PRODUCTS AND FATE OF ASSOCIATED ACTINIDES.
- the Ozone Method 10 is utilized for environmentally processing organic pollutants and inorganic pollutants (or foulants) having or characterized chemically by a reduced oxidative state, which are part (or part and parcel) of an aqueous waste feedstream associated with a manufacturing, plant, nuclear plant site or other facility producing aqueous waste.
- the Present Method 10 is utilized to increase flux rates across a filtration membrane, (or filter media) or other filter installation, for cleaning such a membrane media or media installation; and for prolonging and extending the useful operative life of such filter media filtration systems.
- These useful applications apply to many diverse types of filter media, and and installations, but have been found to work well with cross-flow filter media and tubular membrane media, over a wide range of pH values and temperatures (with 50 to 140 degrees F. being preferred when ambient conditions permit).
- the Ozone Method 10 is provided with the initiating step of directing, channeling and pumping an aqueous waste feedstream, shown generally at 11 (and as a line passing through the present system), having waste contaminants from a plant or site waste water source area 14 associated with a plant or other facility; to a Reactor Area 16 , shown by example in FIGS. 1 , 4 and 5 .
- the site waste water source area 14 can, in fact, be any body of aqueous liquid or fluid which is the subject or target of cleaning, purifying or a filtration process. Many aqueous food liquids, solutions or fluids such as juice, soups and other foods could be included, as well as any aqueous body to be cleaned.
- the Reactor Area 16 is utilized in the method and system of the present invention and installation for the purpose of contacting, reacting, pressurizing and equalizing (on re-cycle) the aqueous feedstream 11 passing through the Present System 10 ; and for concentrating solids within the aqueous feedstream 11 .
- the feedstream 11 is diagrammatically illustrated as passing through the illustrated method and system diagram or flow chart, and will be understood by those skilled in the art.
- the Reactor 16 is provided as a tank, vessel, container, receptacle or reservoir which can function with pressures above 2000 PSIG. (pounds per square inch, gauge, versus absolute pressure, also shown herein by the designation “p.s.i.g.”) in magnitude.
- the aqueous feedstream 11 is taken from a plant waste water site 16 plant or site waste water area 14 and pumped at a pressure (referred to herein as the alpha pressure) of from about 10 to about 150 PSIG (or higher), or a preferred range of from about 30 to 50 PSIG (depending on the qualitative and quantitative nature of the feedstream 11 ) to a feed control (or equalizer-volume-amount tank) valve 18 (or gauge); and then to the Reactor 16 .
- the valve or gauge 18 can be positioned or installed with a positional orientation outside of, within and/or adjacent or beside the Reactor 16 .
- the use of much higher alpha pressures of 100 PSIG to 2000 PSIG can be employed, as indicated, with regard to, and use of, some of the newer filter media becoming available in this technology.
- the valve 18 is utilized initially to meter, measure or quantitate a selected or preselected volume or amount of aqueous feedstream 11 ; and will generally (depending on the site) have a starting amount of, for example, about 300 to 400 gallons (or equivalent volume) of feedstream 11 . It will be understood within the scope of the present invention that this volume or amount can also be less or considerably more. This amount of aqueous feedstream 11 will, therefore, be directed, channeled, piped or otherwise conveyed, at the alpha pressure (or under the alpha pressure gradient), and at this higher pressure above atmospheric pressure, into the Reactor Area 16 . It will be understood that one (1) atmosphere of pressure (760 mmHg., 1.103 bar) is equal to about 14.70 lbs. per square inch (p.s.i).
- the valve 18 is further utilized after a cycle in the present system 10 is completed, as further described below, to meter or add in an amount or volume of additional feedstream 11 from the plant waste water source area 14 equal or equivalent in volume or amount to the volume or amount extracted at the end of a given cycle as effluent permeate, later described herein; therefore restoring the feedstream (or recycled remaining feedstream) to its original starting amount or volume (as indicated by example earlier as, for example, 300-400 gallons, but which will vary in accordance with starting conditions).
- a mixture containing at least O 3 and O 2 (ozone and diatomic oxygen, recognizing that molecular oxygen is O 2 and ozone is O 3 ) is generated by an ozone generator utilizing air or an O 2 source (such as an oxygen separator); and the O 3 /O 2 mixture 20 is educted, causing a partial vacuum and thus drawing the O 3 /O 2 mixture 20 into the Reactor Area 16 . It will be understood within the scope of the invention that the mixture 20 can otherwise be generated, conveyed and supplied to the Reactor 16 . Many ozone generators are available on the market which can be utilized in this part of the process.
- Model 1250 Ozone Generator made by CEC, 2749 Curtiss Street, Downers Grove, Ill. 60615.
- Many other types and models of ozone generators, and other equipment creating, forming or generating ozone mixtures 20 can be utilized satisfactorily within the present method and system installation 10 .
- Examples, without limitation, of ozone generator use parameters include the following specification: Design Pressure: 150 PSIG; Design Temp: 150 degrees F.; Design Feed Stock: Radioactive Waste Water; Designed TOC Destruction Rate: 300 ppm-gpm; Hydrostatic Test Pressures: 1.5 ⁇ Design Pressure; Maximum Allowable Feed Pressure: 150 PSIG; Typical Feed Pressure 50 to 100 PSIG; Maximum Allowable Operating Pressure: 50 PSIG; Nominal Operating Pressure 30 to 45 PSIG; Max. Allowable Operating Effluent Press.: 50 PSIG; Nominal Operating Effluent Press.: 30 to 45 PSIG; Max. Allow. Operating Temp.: 140 degrees F.; Min. Allow. Oper. Temp.; 32 degrees F.; Nominal Oper. Temp.: 50 to 104 degrees F.; Nom. CIP Oper. Temp.: 60 to 135 degrees F.; Peak Flow Rate: 50 GPM; Typical Flow Rate 15 to 40 GPM; and Min. Flow Rate: 5 GPM.
- the feedstream 11 is, therefore, pumped into the Reactor 16 at the alpha pressure, for example between 30 to 50 PSIG (or higher), and the ozone mixture 20 is generated and provided to the Reactor 16 and dissolved into the aqueous feedstream 11 so that the mixture 20 is solubilized (or made soluble) within and with the aqueous feedstream 11 , to produce a substantially or generally homogeneous single phase liquid mixture, where the ozone mixture 20 in the aqueous feedstream is dissolved and miscible, one with the other, in a consistent liquid solution without the presence of bubbles or any white water created by ozone bubbles; and where the ozone mixture 20 is dissolved in the aqueous feedstream at a level below the saturation point of the ozone mixture 20 .
- the elevated pressure of the Reactor 16 because of the alpha pressure that the feedstream is pumped in at, improves the rate and equilibrium of the solubility of the ozone mixture 20 and the feedstream 11 in the Reactor 16 . It will also be understood within the scope of the invention that a pressure gradient can be brought to bare on, or established in, the Reactor 16 through means other than the pressure at which the feedstream 11 is pumped into the Reactor.
- the aqueous feedstream 11 now containing and being dissolved with the ozone mixture 20 (O 3 and O 2 ), is exposed to physical surfacing or additional surface opportunities, so that further oxidation or oxidizing reaction can take place by virtue of the effect that the concentrated and dissolved ozone has on the ingredients and pollutants of the feedstream 11 ; and improved Ozonalysis can take place.
- Examples within the scope and spirit of the invention which set forth, in exemplar preferred embodiments how the contacting and additional surfacing opportunities can be achieved include those illustrated in FIGS. 4 and 5 .
- FIG. 4 illustrates a Reactor Area 16 where the aqueous feedstream 11 is provided to the Reactor 16 from piping or channeling which leads to a nozzle member 22 supported within the Reactor 16 for conveying and spraying the feedstream 11 to a temporary or intermediary upper area 16 A within the Reactor 16 which initially contains the ozone mixture 20 provided to the Reactor 16 .
- the feedstream 11 Initially, or during the initial stages or sequences of time during which the feedstream 11 and the ozone mixture 20 enter the Reactor 16 , the feedstream 11 , because of the initial effect of its density, will drop to the temporary or intermediary lower area 16 B; contemporaneously or shortly followed by the effect of the alpha pressure gradient which is established in the Reactor 16 , facilitating the mixing and solubilizing earlier discussed.
- This permits greater contact, surface exposure and reaction potential; and, therefore, greater oxidizing opportunities, between the feedstream 11 and the ozone mixture 20 .
- FIG. 5 Another example of accomplishing the contacting, mixing and reaction functions of the Reactor area 16 of the present invention is illustrated in FIG. 5 .
- the aqueous feedstream 11 is provided initially to a top portion 16 C of the Reactor 16 so that it substantially or generally fills the area 16 (with some space left at the top as illustrated).
- the ozone mixture 20 is provided to a lower portion 16 D (or spaced portion in relation to the position of the top surfacing of the feedstream or the space left where the area 16 is not completely filled), directly into the feedstream 11 ; and permitted initially (or in an intermediary sequence) because of the lower density of the gas, as initially provided, to rise through the body of the feedstream 11 from the area 16 D to the top or upper portion, while or until the alpha pressure gradient has its effect in homogeneously solutionizing or solubilizing the ozone mixture 20 within the feedstream 11 .
- This embodiment of the present method 10 permits greater opportunity for surfacing (or providing or exposing more surface area) and contacting; and, therefore, provides more opportunities for further oxidation reactions between the ozone of the mixture 20 and the pollutants (organic and inorganic) of the aqueous feedstream 11 to occur. It will be understood within the scope of the present invention that other means of contacting and surfacing the mixture 20 and the feedstream 11 can be utilized, such as passing them over or through various columns or packed columns, etc., for exposing the feedstream 11 to further angles and surfaces of dissolving and reaction with the ozone contained in the ozone mixture 20 .
- a concentrating and relegation (location or positional orientation) of solid substances to a bottom area of the Reactor 16 for removal during a preselected sequence of time during the operation or cycling of the method 10 ; as shown schematically, by example, in FIGS. 1 , 2 and 3 .
- the present method 10 further includes directing the ozone dissolved, feedstream 11 from the Reactor Area 16 , after the process discussed above, to a sensor area 30 , where the ozone activity of the feedstream 11 is measured.
- This activity is commonly measured, within preferred embodiments of the invention, as an analysis of ozone content (such as, for example, by virtue of a titration indicator means) within the feedstream 11 , or as, for example, an ORP (oxidation or oxygen reaction potential, or redox potential).
- an ORP reading of +500 mV or above indicates an extensive ozone oxidizing condition; one indicating a non-foulant (or non-polluted) state, character or feedstream condition.
- Positive values in this respect could run within a target range of from about +500 mV to about +1000 mV; with the solubility limit of ozone being characterized by a value of +1400 mV; and a condition where the feedstream had little or no ozone content being characterized by an ORP value of less than about +100 mV. It is, therefore, one important feature and novelty of the present method 10 that the ORP value is adjusted in a positive manner; to, therefore, indicate positive adjustment increase and substantially improved effectiveness of ozone concentration.
- ozone or ORP sensor areas are, therefore, provided along the on-line cycle of the present method and installation 10 to assure that this positive ozone concentration (and denoting positive ORP reading) is taking place; and to make positive adjustments (within a cycle or upon re-cycle) if this is not, for some reason, taking place.
- Ozone content is normally measured by various sampling methods known in the art or described or mandated by the EPA; and ORP readings, as indicated by example above are determined by sensor or primary element means among other sensor means for verifiability measuring the ORP content.
- the data obtained in ORP units at the sensor 30 is utilized on recycle of the process to adjust the output or production of ozone concentration from an ozone generator utilized to an amount which will render the feedstream and dissolved ozone mixture leaving the Reactor Area 16 at an ORP value of from about 750 mV to about 800 mV.
- the present method 10 further, then, includes conveying the feedstream 11 to a pumping area 32 , and pumping the feedstream 11 , while maintaining the alpha pressure, to a filtration area 40 , characterized and illustrated herein as having the filter media 42 (or filter membrane), the inflow side portion subarea 44 and the outflow side portion subarea 46 ; as illustrated in FIGS. 1 , 2 AND 3 .
- the filter 42 , the inflow side 44 and the outflow side 46 are positioned, respectively, in the middle (indicated by a diagonal line), in front of (or positioned before the middle), and behind (in back of, after or following) the middle of the filtration area 40 , as illustrated.
- the method 10 is especially useful in relation to cross flow filtration and tubular system filtration units or installations employed at manufacturing plant and nuclear waste site areas; but would be expected to improve the function, capacity and working time of any type of filtration or filter membrane system, installation, or other types of filter or cleaning systems utilized in relation to processing, or interacting with, an aqueous waste feedstream.
- An example of one such system with which the present method 10 can be used is the A19 Ultrafiltration System (PCI Membrane Systems 19 tubular UF/MF System) manufactured by PCI Membrane systems Limited, Laverstoke Mill, Whitchurch, Hampshire RG287NR, UK.
- Many other types of filter system or units including, but not limited to: Filters used for Radioactive liquids; disposable filters; reusable filters, precoat filters; septum filters; flatbed filters; centrifugal filters; metallic, non- or partially-cleanable filters; etched disk filters and miscellaneous filters (such as deep-bed filters clam shell, magnetic, sand filters, etc.); can be benefitted, or benefitted through adaptation, by the present method 10 .
- the present ozone method 10 further includes, in its installation on-line system, marshaling (gathering and/or conveying), an effluent permeate portion volume, shown generally at 50 , from the feedstream 11 after it has passed (or as it is passing) through the filter media 42 ; designated in FIG. 1 as a permeate product; having been affected to do so by the constant alpha pressure and the oxidizing effect of the concentrated ozone in single phase solution with the feedstream 11 .
- This permeate 50 passes through the filter media 42 to the outflow side portion subarea 46 .
- the effluent permeate 50 is then advanced to another sensor area 52 , where it is again measured for ozone activity, as discussed above.
- the resulting volume and amount of effluent permeate 50 is also measured at this time; or is measured contemporaneously in time in relation to recycling aspects of the present method 10 discussed herein.
- the feed control valve 18 is utilized for the purpose of adding back an amount of new feedstream from the waste water 14 equivalent or equal to the volume or amount of the permeate 50 derived and taken from the system as a product, prior to starting a new cycle.
- the effluent permeate 50 is then advanced to a selected or preselected site or location for storage, use or further conveyance.
- the method 10 further includes marshaling of a reject portion volume, generally indicated as 60 , consisting of that part, portion, amount or volume of the feedstream 11 not passing through the filter media 42 and being positioned, by virtue of that fact, at the inflow side portion subarea 44 of the filtration area 40 ; and advancing the reject 60 to a continuation of the system designated as a recycle line 62 (or recycle reject line).
- a reject portion volume generally indicated as 60
- 60 consisting of that part, portion, amount or volume of the feedstream 11 not passing through the filter media 42 and being positioned, by virtue of that fact, at the inflow side portion subarea 44 of the filtration area 40 ; and advancing the reject 60 to a continuation of the system designated as a recycle line 62 (or recycle reject line).
- the reject 60 is then conveyed to another sensor area 64 for measuring the ozone activity of the reject 60 , as discussed above herein.
- the reject 60 is then channeled (conveyed or piped) back to the Reactor Area 16 or the feed control valve 18 just outside, within or a part of the Reactor Area 16 , for metering, measuring and addition of further restoration volumes or amounts of site waste water 14 equal or equivalent to the amount of permeate portion volume 50 taken out of the system as indicated above; thus forming a new aqueous feedstream volume to be processed as indicated in a re-cycle mode of the present method 10 , and taken through the same steps and process indicated above as a part of the Method 10 , for the purpose of obtaining further permeate product 50 while further cleaning the filter media 42 .
- FIGS. 2 and 3 Another preferred embodiment of the present method 10 of the present invention is illustrated schematically in FIGS. 2 and 3 .
- this preferred embodiment of the ozone method 10 the same processes are carried out in accordance with the teachings of the present invention set forth above.
- at least three (3) separate areas are utilized to address the steps and parts of the present method 10 .
- the Dissolving Area 70 is utilized to receive the aqueous feedstream 11 , pumped in under the alpha pressure from the waste water area 14 ; and to mix and homogeneously dissolve the ozone mixture 20 generated and provided to the area 70 with the feedstream 11 .
- the Reactor 72 is utilized to provide structure and/or positionally arranged surfacing to expose the feedstream 11 to greater or increased oxidation by the ozone mixture 20 dissolved in the feedstream 11 .
- the Recycle Tank 74 is utilized for concentrating any solids forming a part of the feedstream 11 and making them available for removal at a preselected time from the Tank 74 and system 10 .
- An ORP sensor 76 is located, by preselected option, between the waste water site 14 and the Dissolving Area 70 .
- the Reactor 72 can be optionally provided with packing material or other content or positional orientations for providing greater surfacing potential for the feedstream 11 passing through it.
- a back pressure valve (BPV) 78 and an ozone or ORP sensor 80 are provided on -line between the Reactor 72 and the Recycle Tank 74 .
- the valve 78 is utilized to maintain alpha pressure; and the sensor 80 is utilized as indicated to measure ozone activity.
- a Recycle Booster Pump 82 is provided between the Recycle Tank 74 and the filtration area 40 for maintaining pressure and conveying the feedstream through the filtration area 40 , so that the reject volume portions 60 are channeled to the recycle line 83 and the permeate portions 50 are pumped through the filtration area 40 and out of the system.
- a further back pressure valve 84 and ozone or ORP sensor 86 are provided on the recycle line 83 .
- the recycle line 83 takes the reject portion 60 back to the Recycle Tank 74 for further processing as indicated in the original step and shown by schematic flow-chart illustrated representation in FIGS. 2 and 3 .
Abstract
Description
-
- (1) Since ozone is generated by an electrical discharge into oxygen (supplied as plant air), no handling of hazardous chemical is required, with a flip of a switch beginning ozone production;
- (2) Ozone has a much higher oxidation potential than hypochlorite (free chlorine) or hydrogen peroxide, which means that it reacts faster and attacks organics at a much higher rate;
- (3) Ozone decomposes to oxygen, so no chemical contaminants (e.g., sodium chloride or chloramines) will affect downstream ion exchange performance or capacity;
- (4) Ozone has a half-life of approximately 20 to 30 minutes, so there is no credible scenario for it to be found in plant effluent; and
- (5) Ozone dissolved in water is less aggressive to Tubular Ultra Filtration, Cross-Flow Membrane Media or other filtration means or units than hypochlorite or like chemicals or substances. Therefore, the use of ozone can enhance membrane life and reduce membrane fouling and frequency of cleaning, while maintaining a higher flux rate.
- 10 Ozone method (Present Method System or Installation)
- 11 aqueous waste feedstream (or aqueous feedstream from 14)
- 14 plant or site waste water source area
- 16 Reactor Area
- 18 feed control valve (or equalizer volume-amount valve or tank equalizer)
- 20 O3/O2 mixture (ozone mixture)
- alpha pressure at which feedstream is pumped into Reactor Area (16) and Reactor (72) in preferred embodiments of the invention
- 16A temporary or intermediary upper area of (16) (
FIG. 4 ) - 16B temporary or intermediary lower area of (16) (
FIG. 4 ) - 16C top portion of (16) (
FIG. 5 ) - 16D lower portion (16) (
FIG. 5 ) - 30ozone measurement or ORP sensor area
- 32 pumping area
- 40 filtration area
- 42 filter media (filter membrane)
- 44 inflow side portion subarea
- 46 outflow side portion subarea
- 50 effluent permeate portion volume
- 52ozone measurement or ORP sensor area
- 60 reject portion volume
- 62 recycle line (recycle reject line)
- 64ozone measurement or ORP sensor area
- 70 dissolving area
- 72 Reactor (another preferred embodiment)(
FIGS. 2 and 3 ) - 74 Recycle Tank (
FIGS. 2 and 3 ) - 76ozone measurement or ORP sensor
- 78 back pressure valve (BPV)
- 80 ozone measurement or ORP sensor
- 82 Recycle booster pump
- 83 recycle line
- 84 further back pressure valve
- 86 further ozone measurement or ORP sensor
- contaminant—A substance in water of public health or welfare concern. Also, an undesirable substance not normally present, or an unusually high concentration of a naturally occurring substance, in water, soil, or other environmental medium. Contamination of water involves impairment of the quality of water sources by industrial waste or other matter.
- pollutant—Something that pollutes, especially a waste material that contaminates air, soil, or water. Any substance of such character and in such quantities that when it reaches a body of water, soil, or air, it is degrading in effect so as to impair their usefulness or render them offensive. Any solute or cause of change in physical properties that renders water unfit for a given use.
- pollution—Any alteration in the character or quality of the environment which renders it unfit or less suited for certain uses. With respect to water, the alteration of the physical, chemical, or biological properties by the introduction of any substance that adversely affects any beneficial use. Under the Clean Water Act (CWA), for example, the term is defined as the manmade or man-induced alteration of the physical, biological, chemical, and radiological integrity of water.
- wastewater—A combination of liquid and water-carried pollutants from homes, businesses, industries, or farms; a mixture of water and dissolved or suspended solids.
- hazardous material, waste or chemical is a substance, pollutant or contaminant listed as hazardous under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) of 1980, as amended, and the regulations promulgated pursuant to that act. Hazardous Substance is any material that poses a threat to human health and/or the environment. Typical hazardous substances are toxic, corrosive, ignitable, explosive, or chemically reactive. Any substance designated by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to be reported if a designated quantity of the substance is spilled in the waters of the United States or if otherwise released into the environment. Water Words Dictionary, NEVADA DIVISION OF WATER PLANNING, published with all supporting references prior to 2001, and cited and referenced by the USGS Water Science Glossary of Terms.
- foulant: the accumulation of undesirable foreign matter in a filter or ion exchange media bed causing clogging of pores or coating of surfaces and inhibiting or limiting the proper operation of the bed and the treatment system; and a phenomenon in which a reverse osmosis or ultrafiltration membrane adsorbs, interacts with, or becomes coated by solutes and/or precipitates in the feed stream resulting in a decrease in membrane performance by lowering the flux and/or affecting the rejection of solutes. (WQA) Glossary of Terms, Glossary Reference 1999, Water Quality Association, Lisle, Ill.
- organic matter—Chemical substances of animal or vegetable origin, or more correctly, of basically carbon structure, comprising compounds consisting of hydrocarbons and their derivatives.
- conventional pollutants: Statutorily listed pollutants understood well by scientists. These may be in the form of organic waste, sediment, acid, bacteria, viruses, nutrients, oil and grease, or heat.
- dissolved solids: Disintegrated organic and inorganic material in water. Excessive amounts make water unfit to drink or use in industrial processes.
- grab sample: A single sample collected at a particular time and place that represents the composition of the water, air, or soil only at that time and place. A Sampler is a device used with or without flow measurement to obtain a portion of water or waste for analytical purposes.
- oils and grease is a common term used to include fats, oils, waxes, and related constituents found in wastewater. Grease, itself, in wastewater, involves a group of substances including fats, waxes, free fatty acids, calcium and magnesium soaps, mineral oils, and certain other nonfatty materials. EPA Terms of Environment Glossary, Abbreviations, and Acronyms, EPA 175-B-97-001 (Revised December, 1997); Environmental Engineering Dictionary and Directory, Pankratz, T. M., Lewis Publishers, 2001; and GLOSSARY WATER AND WASTEWATER CONTROL ENGINEERING (Ed., Ingram, W. T., et al., Water Pollution Control Federation et al., 1969.
- Inorganic contaminant (IOC): An inorganic substance regulated by the US Environmental Protection Agency in terms of compliance monitoring for drinking water. Contained on the agency's list are contaminants as diverse as asbestos, nitrate (NOsub.3 − ), cyanide, and nickel. An inorganic contaminant is sometimes called an inorganic chemical. Mineral-based compounds such as metals, nitrates, and asbestos. These contaminants are naturally-occurring in some water, but can also get into water through farming, chemical manufacturing, and other human activities. EPA has set legal limits on 15 inorganic contaminants. Inorganic waste includes discarded material such as sand, salt, iron, calcium, and other mineral materials.
- monitoring: Testing that water systems must perform to detect and measure contaminants. A water system that does not follow EPA's monitoring methodology or schedule is in violation, and may be subjected to legal action.
- organic contaminants: Carbon-based chemicals, such as, for example, solvents and pesticides, which can get into water through runoff from cropland or discharge from factories. EPA has set legal limits on 56 organic contaminants.
- sample: The water that is analyzed for the presence of EPA-regulated drinking water contaminants. Depending on the regulation, EPA requires water systems and states to take samples from source water, from water leaving the treatment facility, or from the taps of selected consumers.
- corrosion: The dissolution and wearing away of metal caused by a chemical reaction such as between water and the pipes, chemicals touching a metal surface, or contact between two metals. The Drinking Water Dictionary, (Ed. Talley, D et al.), American Water Works Association, 2000; Ground Water & Drinking Water—Drinking Water Glossary and A Dictionary of Technical and Legal Terms Related to Drinking Water, EPA Publications; and EPA Terms Of Environment Glossary, Abbreviations, and Acronyms, EPA 175-B-97-001 (Revised December, 1997 and as updated).
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US10/176,428 US6755977B2 (en) | 2002-06-19 | 2002-06-19 | Method in treating aqueous waste feedstream for improving the flux rates, cleaning and the useful life of filter media |
US11/211,027 USRE40943E1 (en) | 2002-06-19 | 2005-08-24 | Method in treating aqueous waste feedstream for improving the flux rates, cleaning and the useful life of filter media |
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US20140366608A1 (en) * | 2013-06-14 | 2014-12-18 | Lockheed Martin Corporation | Systems and methods for implementing advanced agent monitoring using a heated vaporizer inlet apparatus |
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US20030234225A1 (en) | 2003-12-25 |
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