USRE44356E1 - Tunable-wavelength optical filter and method of manufacturing the same - Google Patents
Tunable-wavelength optical filter and method of manufacturing the same Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- USRE44356E1 USRE44356E1 US12/828,908 US82890810A USRE44356E US RE44356 E1 USRE44356 E1 US RE44356E1 US 82890810 A US82890810 A US 82890810A US RE44356 E USRE44356 E US RE44356E
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- oxide film
- mirror
- film
- silicon
- silicon film
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime, expires
Links
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 113
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 113
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 113
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 72
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000001312 dry etching Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001039 wet etching Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000040 hydrogen fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims 8
- 238000000059 patterning Methods 0.000 claims 4
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 174
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 47
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 46
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- XHXFXVLFKHQFAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoryl trichloride Chemical compound ClP(Cl)(Cl)=O XHXFXVLFKHQFAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000004518 low pressure chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000001579 optical reflectometry Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910019213 POCl3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silane Chemical compound [SiH4] BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000623 plasma-assisted chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 235000012431 wafers Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetraethyl orthosilicate Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000708 deep reactive-ion etching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920002120 photoresistant polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- JBRZTFJDHDCESZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N AsGa Chemical compound [As]#[Ga] JBRZTFJDHDCESZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001218 Gallium arsenide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012769 bulk production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005459 micromachining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000206 photolithography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001020 plasma etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021420 polycrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920005591 polysilicon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003376 silicon Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/20—Filters
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B26/00—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements
- G02B26/001—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements based on interference in an adjustable optical cavity
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
- G01J3/12—Generating the spectrum; Monochromators
- G01J3/26—Generating the spectrum; Monochromators using multiple reflection, e.g. Fabry-Perot interferometer, variable interference filters
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/08—Mirrors
- G02B5/0816—Multilayer mirrors, i.e. having two or more reflecting layers
- G02B5/0825—Multilayer mirrors, i.e. having two or more reflecting layers the reflecting layers comprising dielectric materials only
- G02B5/0833—Multilayer mirrors, i.e. having two or more reflecting layers the reflecting layers comprising dielectric materials only comprising inorganic materials only
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
- G02B6/28—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals
- G02B6/293—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means
- G02B6/29346—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means operating by wave or beam interference
- G02B6/29361—Interference filters, e.g. multilayer coatings, thin film filters, dichroic splitters or mirrors based on multilayers, WDM filters
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
- G02B6/28—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals
- G02B6/293—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means
- G02B6/29379—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means characterised by the function or use of the complete device
- G02B6/29389—Bandpass filtering, e.g. 1x1 device rejecting or passing certain wavelengths
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
- G02B6/28—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals
- G02B6/293—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means
- G02B6/29379—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means characterised by the function or use of the complete device
- G02B6/29395—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means characterised by the function or use of the complete device configurable, e.g. tunable or reconfigurable
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a tunable wavelength optical filter, more particularly, to an active type tunable wavelength optical filter having a Fabry-Perot structure.
- an active type optical filter for wavelength division multiplexing is applied to an optical communication. Recently, it is used in an optical signal dividing and multiplexing device for a massive information network such as Internet. Such optical filter has a function of dividing an input signal, which is in an optical wavelength multiplexing transmitting method, into output signals by the wavelength region. Particularly, in order to implement a dynamic WDM system, it is a key to manufacture the active type tunable wavelength optical filter operated at a high speed. Various techniques of manufacturing the tunable wavelength filter for implementing the dynamic WDM system were suggested.
- a piezo-electric transducer filter of adjusting a gap between two pairs of Fabry-Perot micro-mirrors by a piezo material it has a limitation in the application thereof, because of the physical instability of a used material and a slow response characteristics.
- a Mach-Zender optical filter using an optical interference phenomenon is accomplished by manufacturing an optical waveguide and a phase modulator on a semiconductor substrate, but has a problem that the structure thereof is complicated and it is difficult to manufacture that.
- the active type tunable wavelength filter having the MEMS structure of which the response speed is relatively quick and the manufacture technique is easy as the semiconductor process technique has been suggested.
- the MEMS type tunable filter using an electrostatic force as a driving source accomplishes the response speed below few tens microsecond ( ⁇ s) and the tunable wavelength band of the order of 100 nm, thereby it can be applied to the current optical communication system.
- the MEMS type tunable filter of gallium-arsenide substrate suggested currently has problems that a consistent process can not be performed like the silicon wafer process due to difficulties of the manufacturing process and the packaging technique.
- the object of the present invention is to provide an active type tunable wavelength optical filter having a Fabry-Perot structure which uses a mirror having a high reflexibility and having a multi-layer structure of silicon films and oxide films.
- the other object of the present invention is to provide an active type tunable wavelength optical filter having a Fabry-Perot structure which a silicon semiconductor process technique is used, the process thereof is simple, and it is possible to the mass production.
- a tunable wavelength optical filter comprising a lower mirror in which silicon films and oxide films are sequentially laminated in a multi-layer and the silicon film is laminated on the highest portion; an upper mirror in which silicon films and oxide films are sequentially laminated in a multi-layer and the silicon film is laminated on the highest portion and which is spaced away from the lower mirror by a predetermined distance; a connecting means for connecting and supporting the lower mirror and the upper mirror to a semiconductor substrate; and electrode pads for controlling the gap between the lower mirror and the upper mirror by an electrostatic force is provided.
- a method of manufacturing a tunable wavelength optical filter which comprises the steps of (a) forming a first sacrificial oxide film for floating a lower mirror on a semiconductor substrate; (b) sequentially laminating conductive silicon films and oxide films for defining a mirror region on the first sacrificial oxide film in a multi-layer and laminating another conductive silicon film to form a lower mirror; (c) forming a second sacrificial film on the resultant; (d) sequentially laminating conductive silicon films and oxide films for defining the mirror region on the second sacrificial oxide film in a multi-layer and laminating another conductive silicon film to form an upper mirror; (e) etching the rear side of the semiconductor substrate to form an opening for inserting an optical fiber thereinto; (f) forming electrode pads for controlling the gap between the lower mirror and the upper mirror by an electrostatic force; (g) etching the silicon film around the upper mirror in a dry etching method to expose
- a method of manufacturing a tunable wavelength optical filter which comprises the steps of (a) forming a sacrificial oxide film for floating a mirror on a semiconductor substrate; (b) sequentially laminating conductive silicon films and oxide films for defining a mirror region on the sacrificial oxide film in a multi-layer and laminating another conductive silicon film to form a mirror; (c) etching the rear side of the semiconductor substrate to form an opening for inserting an optical fiber thereinto; (d) forming electrode pads for controlling the gap between the mirrors by an electrostatic force; (e) etching the silicon film around the mirror in a dry etching method to expose the sacrificial oxide film, such that the mirror is suspended by a connecting means; and (f) etching the sacrificial oxide film such that the mirror is floated on the semiconductor substrate, wherein two semiconductor substrate formed by the steps (a) to (f) are prepared and are attached to each other through a spacer layer there
- FIG. 1 shows an active type tunable wavelength optical filter having a Fabry-Perot structure according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
- FIGS. 2 to 19 are cross sectional views illustrating a method of manufacturing the active type tunable wavelength optical filter having the Fabry-Perot structure.
- FIG. 1 shows an active type tunable wavelength optical filter having a Fabry-Perot structure according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
- the active type tunable wavelength optical filter having a Fabry-Perot structure comprises a lower mirror 180 in which silicon films and silicon oxide films are sequentially laminated in a multi-layer shape and the silicon film is laminated in the highest portion, an upper mirror 182 which is spaced away from the lower mirror 180 by a predetermined distance in which silicon films and silicon oxide films are sequentially laminated in a multi-layer shape and the silicon film is laminated in the highest portion, a connecting means 155 for connecting and supporting the lower mirror 180 and the upper mirror 182 to a semiconductor substrate 100 , and electrode pads 140 , 142 for controlling the gap between the lower mirror 180 and the upper mirror 182 by an electrostatic force.
- the lower mirror 180 is spaced away from the semiconductor substrate 100 by a predetermined distance and is floated on the semiconductor substrate, and an opening 130 for inserting an optical fiber thereinto is provided on the rear side of the semiconductor substrate 100 corresponding to the mirror region 150 .
- the electrode pads 140 , 142 are electrically connected with the silicon film of the highest film in the lower mirror 180 and the silicon film of the highest film in the upper mirror 182 , respectively.
- the lower mirror 180 and the upper mirror 182 are symmetrical to each other and have a circular plate shaped structure.
- a sacrificial oxide film 104 is provided between the semiconductor substrate 100 and a lower silicon film 170 around the lower mirror 180 and the upper mirror 182 , and the peripheral region of the lower and upper mirrors is opened so as to expose the semiconductor substrate 100 .
- the two spaced flat mirrors 180 , 182 are suspended by a torsion bar or a spring 155 and comprise the lower mirror 180 and the upper mirror 182 having the structure of laminating the silicon film/silicon oxide film.
- the two mirrors 180 , 182 have a function of finely adjusting the spaced distance by an electrostatic force due to the voltage applied to the electrode pads 140 , 142 formed on the lower silicon film 170 and the upper silicon film 190 each having the structure of laminating the silicon.
- a first sacrificial oxide film 104 for floating the two mirrors 180 , 182 from the surface of the semiconductor substrate 100 is provided between the semiconductor substrate 100 and the lower silicon film 170 .
- a second sacrificial film 116 for adjusting the gap between the mirrors deposited for forming an optical tuning space of the two mirrors is provided between the lower silicon film 170 and the upper silicon film 190 .
- Signal light having a multi-wavelength which is output from the optical fiber 160 inserted into an opening 130 in the rear side of the semiconductor substrate 100 , is transmitted to a transmitting optical fiber 162 after filtering the wavelength of transmitting light by adjusting the micro-distance between the two spaced mirrors 180 , 182 when passing through the two mirrors 180 , 182 .
- FIGS. 2 to 19 are cross sectional views illustrating a method of manufacturing the active type tunable wavelength optical filter having the Fabry-Perot structure.
- FIGS. 2 to 19 are cross sectional views along to the line I-I′ in FIG. 1 .
- thermal oxide films 102 are grown on the both polished sides of a semiconductor substrate 100 by a thermal oxide process.
- the thermal oxide film 102 is grown so as to have a thickness of 6000 ⁇ .
- the thermal oxide 102 may be formed at a temperature of 950-1100° C. in the oxygen atmosphere.
- the semiconductor substrate 100 has a thickness of 350-400 ⁇ m.
- the semiconductor substrate 100 may be a silicon substrate or a quartz substrate.
- a sacrificial oxide film 104 is formed on any one surface of the semiconductor substrate 100 on which the thermal oxide films 102 are formed. It is preferable that the first sacrificial oxide film 104 has a thickness of 2-3 ⁇ m.
- the first sacrificial oxide film 104 may be formed by a PECVD (Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition) method, at a pressure of 1.5 Torr and a temperature of 300° C. in the atmosphere of mixing SiH 4 gas of 15 sccm, N 2 O gas of 1000 sccm, and N 2 gas of 600 sccm.
- d is the deposited thickness
- ⁇ is the wavelength of the light source
- n is an optical refractive index of the deposited thin film (silicon film).
- the first silicon film 106 may be formed by a LPCVD (Low Pressure Chemical Vapor Deposition) method using SiH 4 gas of 140-200 sccm, at a pressure of 280 mTorr and a temperature of 625° C. Next, for electrical connection, a process of doping POCl 3 or a process of injecting ions such as phosphorus 107 into the laminated first silicon film 106 is performed.
- LPCVD Low Pressure Chemical Vapor Deposition
- a silicon oxide film 108 is deposited on the first silicon film 106 .
- d is the deposited thickness
- ⁇ is the wavelength of the light source
- n is an optical reflectivity of the deposited thin film (silicon oxide film).
- the first silicon oxide film 108 may be formed by a LPCVD (Low Pressure Chemical Vapor Deposition) method using TEOS (Tetra Ethyl Ortho Silicate) of 200 sccm, at a pressure of 350 mTorr and a temperature of 710-720° C.
- LPCVD Low Pressure Chemical Vapor Deposition
- TEOS Tetra Ethyl Ortho Silicate
- the first silicon oxide film 108 is patterned to form a first silicon oxide film pattern 108 a.
- the first silicon oxide film pattern 108 a defines a mirror region 150 .
- the mirror region See ‘ 150 ’ in FIG. 1
- the first silicon oxide film pattern 108 a has the circular plate shaped structure, similar to the mirror region 150 .
- d is the deposited thickness
- ⁇ is the wavelength of the light source
- n is an optical refractive index of the deposited thin film (the second silicon film).
- the second silicon film 110 may be formed by a LPCVD (Low Pressure Chemical Vapor Deposition) method using SiH 4 gas of 140-200 sccm, at a pressure of 280 mTorr and a temperature of 625° C.
- LPCVD Low Pressure Chemical Vapor Deposition
- d is the deposited thickness
- ⁇ is the wavelength of the light source
- n is an optical refractive index of the deposited thin film (silicon oxide film).
- the second silicon oxide film 112 may be formed by the same method as the method of forming the first silicon oxide film 108 .
- the second silicon oxide film 112 is patterned to form a second silicon oxide film pattern 112 a.
- the second silicon oxide film pattern 112 a defines the mirror region.
- the mirror region See ‘ 150 ’ in FIG. 1
- the second silicon oxide film pattern 112 a has a circular plate shaped structure, similar to the mirror region 150 .
- a third silicon film 114 is deposited on the semiconductor substrate 100 on which the second silicon oxide film pattern 112 a is formed. Subsequently, for electrical connection, a process of doping POCl 3 or a process of injecting ions such as phosphorus 115 into the laminated silicon film 114 is performed.
- the silicon film and the silicon oxide film may be further laminated as need by the same method as the above-mentioned method.
- a second sacrificial oxide film 116 is deposited by the thickness of the tuning space. It is preferable that the second sacrificial oxide film 116 is formed by a thickness capable of adjusting the spaced distance between the upper mirror 182 and the lower mirror 180 by the electrostatic force due to the applied voltage, for example, 2-3 ⁇ m.
- the second sacrificial oxide film may be formed by a PECVD (Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition) method using SiH 4 gas of 60 sccm and N 2 O gas of 1000 sccm, at a pressure of 3 Torr and a temperature of 300° C.
- an upper mirror 182 having a laminated structure symmetrical to the lower mirror 180 is formed on the second sacrificial oxide film 116 .
- the steps of forming the upper mirror 182 will be explained.
- a fourth silicon film 118 is deposited, and, for electrical connection, a process of doping POCl 3 or a process of injecting ions such as phosphorus 119 into the laminated fourth silicon film 118 is performed. It is preferable that the fourth silicon film 118 is formed by a same thickness and a same method as the first silicon film 106 in the lower mirror 180 .
- a fourth silicon oxide film is deposited on the fourth silicon film 118 , and then is patterned to form the fourth silicon oxide film pattern 120 a. It is preferable that the fourth silicon oxide film is formed by a same thickness and a same method as the first silicon oxide film 108 in the lower mirror 180 .
- the fourth silicon oxide film pattern 120 a defines the mirror region (See ‘ 150 ’ in FIG. 1 ).
- a fifth silicon film 122 is deposited on the semiconductor substrate 100 on which the fourth silicon oxide film pattern 120 a is formed. It is preferable that the fifth silicon film 122 is formed by a same thickness and a same method as the second silicon film 110 in the lower mirror 180 .
- a fifth silicon oxide film is deposited on the fifth silicon film 122 , and then is patterned to form the fifth silicon oxide film pattern 124 a. It is preferable that the fifth silicon oxide film is formed by a same thickness as the second silicon oxide film 112 .
- the fifth silicon oxide film pattern 124 a defines the mirror region (See ‘ 150 ’ in FIG. 1 ).
- a sixth silicon film 126 is deposited on the semiconductor substrate 100 on which the fifth silicon oxide film pattern 124 a is performed, and a process of doping POCl 3 or a process of injecting ions such as phosphorus 127 thereinto is performed. It is preferable that the sixth silicon film 126 is formed by a same thickness and a same method as the third silicon film 114 of the lower mirror 180 .
- the silicon film and the silicon oxide film may be further laminated as need by the same method as the above-mentioned method.
- the silicon films 126 , 122 , 118 forming the upper mirror 182 and the second sacrificial oxide film 116 are etched by a plasma etching method. Subsequently, a protective oxide film 128 for protecting the structure on the front side of the semiconductor substrate 100 when etching the rear side thereof is deposited.
- the rear side of the semiconductor substrate 100 is etched. That is, a photoresist pattern defining an opening 130 for inserting an optical fiber thereinto is formed on the rear side of the semiconductor substrate 100 .
- the thermal oxide film 102 on the rear side of the semiconductor substrate 100 is etched by using the photoresist pattern as an etching mask, and then the substrate is etched up to under the first sacrificial oxide film 104 below the lower mirror 180 in a wet etching method or a Deep RIE (Deep Reactive Ion etching) method using a silicon etching solution such as KOH, thereby the opening 130 for inserting the optical fiber 160 thereinto is formed.
- the Deep RIE method uses SF 6 gas and C 4 F 8 gas.
- the protective oxide film 128 formed on the front side of the semiconductor substrate 100 is removed.
- a conductive material is deposited on the sixth silicon film 126 and the third silicon film 114 and is patterned to form electrode pads 140 , 142 .
- the electrode pad 140 , 142 are electrically connected with the top silicon films in the lower mirror 180 and the upper mirror 182 , respectively, and the gap between the lower mirror 180 and the upper mirror 182 can be controlled by applying a voltage to the electrode pads 140 , 142 .
- the lower and upper mirrors 180 , 182 having the laminated structure of the silicon film and the silicon oxide film is defined by a photolithography process in the pattern shape of the optical tuning mirror structure in FIG. 1 .
- the etching process is performed until the first sacrificial oxide film 104 .
- the silicon film may be etched with a plasma RIE process by using SF 4 or CF 4 gas, and the silicon oxide film may be etched by using CF 4 gas or CHF 6 gas.
- the second sacrificial oxide film 116 and the first sacrificial oxide film 104 are removed by a wet etching method using a hydrogen fluoride solution or a gas phase etching (GPE) method using anhydrous hydrogen fluoride (HF). Since the wet etching method and the gas phase etching method has an isotropic etching characteristics, the second sacrificial oxide film 116 between the upper mirror 182 and the lower mirror 180 is removed to form the optical tuning space, and the first sacrificial oxide film 104 between the lower mirror 180 and the semiconductor substrate 100 is etched by the optical fiber inserting opening 130 so that the lower mirror 180 is spaced away from the semiconductor substrate 100 by a predetermined distance in a floating shape.
- GPE gas phase etching
- the tunable wavelength optical filter having Fabry-Perot structure in which a pair of mirrors 180 , 182 having the optical reflective layer composed of the multi-layer laminated structure of the silicon film/silicon oxide film are driven by the electrostatic force can be manufactured.
- a sacrificial oxide film for floating a mirror is formed on a semiconductor substrate.
- thermal oxide films may be on the both sides of the semiconductor substrate.
- conductive silicon films and oxide patterns for defining the mirror region are sequentially laminated on the sacrificial oxide film and another conductive silicon film is laminated to form the mirror.
- the rear side of the semiconductor substrate is etched to form the opening for inserting an optical fiber thereinto.
- an electrode pad for controlling the gap between the mirrors by the electrostatic force is formed.
- the silicon film around the mirror is etched by a dry etching method to expose the sacrificial oxide film, so that the mirror is suspended by the connecting means.
- the sacrificial oxide film is etched.
- the electrode pads 140 , 142 can be electrically connected to the top silicon film in the lower mirror 180 and the top silicon film in the upper mirror 182 , respectively, to adjust the tuning gap.
- the electrode pads can be formed in the silicon film forming the lower mirror 180 and the silicon substrate 100 to adjust the gap between the lower mirror and the substrate 100 , thereby the micro-gap between the upper and the lower mirrors 182 , 180 can be relatively adjusted.
- both the upper mirror 182 and the lower mirror 180 are suspended by the connecting means 155 , but the structure that only the upper mirror 182 is suspended by the connecting means 155 and the lower mirror 180 is not floated on the semiconductor substrate 100 , that is, is embedded in the substrate can be formed.
- the connecting means 155 By performing the dry etching process performed to suspend the mirror by the connecting means 155 until the second sacrificial oxide film 116 is exposed, the structure that only the upper mirror 182 is suspended by the connecting means 155 is accomplished after etching the sacrificial oxide film 116 .
- a multi-layer thin film mirror having a high optical reflectivity which comprised of the silicon film (polysilicon) and the silicon oxide film having a large optical reflectivity difference therebetween can be implemented on a silicon wafer, and an optical filter device floated on the substrate can be manufactured by using the high etching selectivity of the silicon oxide film and the silicon film.
- the pattern except for the mirror region having the multi-layer laminated structure of the silicon film/silicon oxide film is formed by laminating the silicon films, thereby the tunable wavelength optical filter having the Fabry-Perot structure can be easily manufactured by only a general silicon semiconductor IC process.
- the present invention can manufacture the tunable wavelength optical filter by a surface micro-machining technique by using a basic technique of the silicon semiconductor process established already.
- the manufacturing structure and the process thereof is simple, thereby the bulk production is performed a consistent process at a low cost.
- the consistent process using the semiconductor substrate can be performed by using general semiconductor processes and materials, and the tunable wavelength optical filter and an IC circuit for controlling and driving the same can be simultaneously integrated on one substrate, due to the compatibility with the semiconductor IC process.
Abstract
A method of manufacturing a tunable wavelength optical filter. The method includes steps of forming a first sacrificial oxide film for floating a lower mirror on a semiconductor substrate; sequentially laminating conductive silicon films and oxide films for defining a mirror region on the first sacrificial oxide film in a multi-layer and laminating another conductive silicon film to form a lower mirror; sequentially laminating conductive silicon films and oxide films for defining the mirror region on a second sacrificial oxide film in a multi-layer and laminating another conductive silicon film to form an upper mirror and forming an optical tuning space between the lower mirror and the upper mirror and etching the first sacrificial oxide film and the second sacrificial oxide film such that the lower mirror is floated on the semiconductor substrate.
Description
This applicationThis present patent application is a Reissue of U.S. Pat. No. 7,393,793, issued on Jul. 1, 2008, which is a division of U.S. application Ser. No. 11/045,554 filed on Jan. 27, 2005, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,012,752, which is a division of U.S. application Ser. No. 10/671,825 filed on Sep. 25, 2003, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,163,872.
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a tunable wavelength optical filter, more particularly, to an active type tunable wavelength optical filter having a Fabry-Perot structure.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Among micro electromechanical systems (MEMS) based on a semiconductor process technique, an active type optical filter for wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) is applied to an optical communication. Recently, it is used in an optical signal dividing and multiplexing device for a massive information network such as Internet. Such optical filter has a function of dividing an input signal, which is in an optical wavelength multiplexing transmitting method, into output signals by the wavelength region. Particularly, in order to implement a dynamic WDM system, it is a key to manufacture the active type tunable wavelength optical filter operated at a high speed. Various techniques of manufacturing the tunable wavelength filter for implementing the dynamic WDM system were suggested. But, among them, in case of a piezo-electric transducer filter of adjusting a gap between two pairs of Fabry-Perot micro-mirrors by a piezo material, it has a limitation in the application thereof, because of the physical instability of a used material and a slow response characteristics. In addition, a Mach-Zender optical filter using an optical interference phenomenon is accomplished by manufacturing an optical waveguide and a phase modulator on a semiconductor substrate, but has a problem that the structure thereof is complicated and it is difficult to manufacture that. In order to improve the previous method of manufacturing the filter, the active type tunable wavelength filter having the MEMS structure of which the response speed is relatively quick and the manufacture technique is easy as the semiconductor process technique has been suggested.
On the other hand, in a piezo-type FP filter or a tunable filter having a Fiber Bragg Grating carved in an optical fiber, which is currently commercial, since a tuning speed is slow at the level of msec or the tunable wavelength band is narrow, it is impossible to use that to the active type network device. However, the MEMS type tunable filter using an electrostatic force as a driving source accomplishes the response speed below few tens microsecond (μs) and the tunable wavelength band of the order of 100 nm, thereby it can be applied to the current optical communication system. However, the MEMS type tunable filter of gallium-arsenide substrate suggested currently has problems that a consistent process can not be performed like the silicon wafer process due to difficulties of the manufacturing process and the packaging technique.
Thus, the object of the present invention is to provide an active type tunable wavelength optical filter having a Fabry-Perot structure which uses a mirror having a high reflexibility and having a multi-layer structure of silicon films and oxide films.
The other object of the present invention is to provide an active type tunable wavelength optical filter having a Fabry-Perot structure which a silicon semiconductor process technique is used, the process thereof is simple, and it is possible to the mass production.
In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, according to an aspect of the present invention, a tunable wavelength optical filter comprising a lower mirror in which silicon films and oxide films are sequentially laminated in a multi-layer and the silicon film is laminated on the highest portion; an upper mirror in which silicon films and oxide films are sequentially laminated in a multi-layer and the silicon film is laminated on the highest portion and which is spaced away from the lower mirror by a predetermined distance; a connecting means for connecting and supporting the lower mirror and the upper mirror to a semiconductor substrate; and electrode pads for controlling the gap between the lower mirror and the upper mirror by an electrostatic force is provided.
According to the other aspect of the present invention, a method of manufacturing a tunable wavelength optical filter which comprises the steps of (a) forming a first sacrificial oxide film for floating a lower mirror on a semiconductor substrate; (b) sequentially laminating conductive silicon films and oxide films for defining a mirror region on the first sacrificial oxide film in a multi-layer and laminating another conductive silicon film to form a lower mirror; (c) forming a second sacrificial film on the resultant; (d) sequentially laminating conductive silicon films and oxide films for defining the mirror region on the second sacrificial oxide film in a multi-layer and laminating another conductive silicon film to form an upper mirror; (e) etching the rear side of the semiconductor substrate to form an opening for inserting an optical fiber thereinto; (f) forming electrode pads for controlling the gap between the lower mirror and the upper mirror by an electrostatic force; (g) etching the silicon film around the upper mirror in a dry etching method to expose the second sacrificial oxide film, such that the upper mirror is suspended by a connecting means; and (h) forming an optical tuning space between the lower mirror and the upper mirror and etching the first sacrificial oxide film and the second sacrificial oxide film such that the lower mirror is floated on the semiconductor substrate is provided.
According to the further other aspect of the present invention, a method of manufacturing a tunable wavelength optical filter which comprises the steps of (a) forming a sacrificial oxide film for floating a mirror on a semiconductor substrate; (b) sequentially laminating conductive silicon films and oxide films for defining a mirror region on the sacrificial oxide film in a multi-layer and laminating another conductive silicon film to form a mirror; (c) etching the rear side of the semiconductor substrate to form an opening for inserting an optical fiber thereinto; (d) forming electrode pads for controlling the gap between the mirrors by an electrostatic force; (e) etching the silicon film around the mirror in a dry etching method to expose the sacrificial oxide film, such that the mirror is suspended by a connecting means; and (f) etching the sacrificial oxide film such that the mirror is floated on the semiconductor substrate, wherein two semiconductor substrate formed by the steps (a) to (f) are prepared and are attached to each other through a spacer layer therebetween so that the mirrors of the semiconductor substrates are opposite to each other is provided.
Hereinafter, the preferred embodiments of the present invention will be explained with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the embodiment of the present invention can be changed into a various type, and it should be not understood that the scope of the present invention is limit to the following embodiments. The embodiments of the present invention are provided in order to explain the present invention to those skilled in the art. When describing that a certain layer is laid on the other layer in the below-mentioned explanation, the certain layer may be laid just on the other layer or may be laid on the other layer sandwiching a third layer. In addition, in the drawings, the thickness or the size of each layer is exaggerated for the convenience and the clearness of the explanation. In the drawings, a same reference numeral indicates a same element.
Referring to FIG. 1 , the active type tunable wavelength optical filter having a Fabry-Perot structure according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, comprises a lower mirror 180 in which silicon films and silicon oxide films are sequentially laminated in a multi-layer shape and the silicon film is laminated in the highest portion, an upper mirror 182 which is spaced away from the lower mirror 180 by a predetermined distance in which silicon films and silicon oxide films are sequentially laminated in a multi-layer shape and the silicon film is laminated in the highest portion, a connecting means 155 for connecting and supporting the lower mirror 180 and the upper mirror 182 to a semiconductor substrate 100, and electrode pads 140, 142 for controlling the gap between the lower mirror 180 and the upper mirror 182 by an electrostatic force.
The lower mirror 180 is spaced away from the semiconductor substrate 100 by a predetermined distance and is floated on the semiconductor substrate, and an opening 130 for inserting an optical fiber thereinto is provided on the rear side of the semiconductor substrate 100 corresponding to the mirror region 150.
The electrode pads 140,142 are electrically connected with the silicon film of the highest film in the lower mirror 180 and the silicon film of the highest film in the upper mirror 182, respectively.
It is preferable that the lower mirror 180 and the upper mirror 182 are symmetrical to each other and have a circular plate shaped structure.
A sacrificial oxide film 104 is provided between the semiconductor substrate 100 and a lower silicon film 170 around the lower mirror 180 and the upper mirror 182, and the peripheral region of the lower and upper mirrors is opened so as to expose the semiconductor substrate 100.
Hereinafter, this will be further explained. The two spaced flat mirrors 180,182 are suspended by a torsion bar or a spring 155 and comprise the lower mirror 180 and the upper mirror 182 having the structure of laminating the silicon film/silicon oxide film. The two mirrors 180, 182 have a function of finely adjusting the spaced distance by an electrostatic force due to the voltage applied to the electrode pads 140, 142 formed on the lower silicon film 170 and the upper silicon film 190 each having the structure of laminating the silicon. A first sacrificial oxide film 104 for floating the two mirrors 180, 182 from the surface of the semiconductor substrate 100 is provided between the semiconductor substrate 100 and the lower silicon film 170. Also, a second sacrificial film 116 for adjusting the gap between the mirrors deposited for forming an optical tuning space of the two mirrors is provided between the lower silicon film 170 and the upper silicon film 190. Signal light having a multi-wavelength, which is output from the optical fiber 160 inserted into an opening 130 in the rear side of the semiconductor substrate 100, is transmitted to a transmitting optical fiber 162 after filtering the wavelength of transmitting light by adjusting the micro-distance between the two spaced mirrors 180, 182 when passing through the two mirrors 180, 182.
Referring to FIG. 2 , thermal oxide films 102 are grown on the both polished sides of a semiconductor substrate 100 by a thermal oxide process. The thermal oxide film 102 is grown so as to have a thickness of 6000 Å. The thermal oxide 102 may be formed at a temperature of 950-1100° C. in the oxygen atmosphere. The semiconductor substrate 100 has a thickness of 350-400 μm. The semiconductor substrate 100 may be a silicon substrate or a quartz substrate.
Referring to FIG. 3 , a sacrificial oxide film 104 is formed on any one surface of the semiconductor substrate 100 on which the thermal oxide films 102 are formed. It is preferable that the first sacrificial oxide film 104 has a thickness of 2-3 μm. The first sacrificial oxide film 104 may be formed by a PECVD (Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition) method, at a pressure of 1.5 Torr and a temperature of 300° C. in the atmosphere of mixing SiH4 gas of 15 sccm, N2O gas of 1000 sccm, and N2 gas of 600 sccm.
Subsequently, a first silicon film 106 of single crystal or polycrystal is deposited on the sacrificial oxide film 104. It is preferable that the first silicon film 106 is deposited so as to have a predetermined thickness, for example, a thickness of d=(2m+1)λ/4n(m=0, 1, 2, . . . ). Here, d is the deposited thickness, λ is the wavelength of the light source, and n is an optical refractive index of the deposited thin film (silicon film). The first silicon film 106 may be formed by a LPCVD (Low Pressure Chemical Vapor Deposition) method using SiH4 gas of 140-200 sccm, at a pressure of 280 mTorr and a temperature of 625° C. Next, for electrical connection, a process of doping POCl3 or a process of injecting ions such as phosphorus 107 into the laminated first silicon film 106 is performed.
Referring to FIG. 4 , a silicon oxide film 108 is deposited on the first silicon film 106. The first silicon oxide film 108 is to form the lower mirror 180 having the laminated structure of the silicon film and the silicon oxide film. It is preferable that the first silicon oxide film 108 is deposited so as to have a predetermined thickness, for example, a thickness of d=(2m+1)λ/4n(m=0, 1, 2, . . . ). Here, d is the deposited thickness, λ is the wavelength of the light source, and n is an optical reflectivity of the deposited thin film (silicon oxide film). The first silicon oxide film 108 may be formed by a LPCVD (Low Pressure Chemical Vapor Deposition) method using TEOS (Tetra Ethyl Ortho Silicate) of 200 sccm, at a pressure of 350 mTorr and a temperature of 710-720° C.
Referring to FIG. 5 , the first silicon oxide film 108 is patterned to form a first silicon oxide film pattern 108a. The first silicon oxide film pattern 108a defines a mirror region 150. For example, in case where the mirror region (See ‘150’ in FIG. 1 ) has a circular plate shaped structure, the first silicon oxide film pattern 108a has the circular plate shaped structure, similar to the mirror region 150.
Referring to FIG. 6 , a second silicon film 110 having a predetermined thickness is deposited on the semiconductor substrate 100 on which the first silicon oxide film pattern 108a is formed. It is preferable that the second silicon film 110 is deposited so as to have a predetermined thickness, for example, a thickness of d=(2m+1)λ/4n(m=0, 1, 2, . . . ). Here, d is the deposited thickness, λ is the wavelength of the light source, and n is an optical refractive index of the deposited thin film (the second silicon film). The second silicon film 110 may be formed by a LPCVD (Low Pressure Chemical Vapor Deposition) method using SiH4 gas of 140-200 sccm, at a pressure of 280 mTorr and a temperature of 625° C.
Referring to FIG. 7 , a second silicon oxide film 112 having a predetermined thickness is deposited on the second silicon film 110. It is preferable that the second silicon oxide film 112 is deposited so as to have a predetermined thickness, for example, a thickness of d=(2m+1)λ/4n(m=0, 1, 2, . . . ). Here, d is the deposited thickness, λ is the wavelength of the light source, and n is an optical refractive index of the deposited thin film (silicon oxide film). The second silicon oxide film 112 may be formed by the same method as the method of forming the first silicon oxide film 108.
Referring to FIG. 8 , the second silicon oxide film 112 is patterned to form a second silicon oxide film pattern 112a. The second silicon oxide film pattern 112a defines the mirror region. For example, in case where the mirror region (See ‘150’ in FIG. 1 ) has a circular plate shaped structure, the second silicon oxide film pattern 112a has a circular plate shaped structure, similar to the mirror region 150.
Referring to FIG. 9 , a third silicon film 114 is deposited on the semiconductor substrate 100 on which the second silicon oxide film pattern 112a is formed. Subsequently, for electrical connection, a process of doping POCl3 or a process of injecting ions such as phosphorus 115 into the laminated silicon film 114 is performed.
On the other hand, in order to increase the optical reflectivity of the lower mirror 180 having the laminated structure of the silicon film and the silicon oxide film, if necessary, before the third silicon film 114 is formed, the silicon film and the silicon oxide film may be further laminated as need by the same method as the above-mentioned method.
Referring to FIG. 10 , in order to form the optical tuning space between the lower mirror 180 and the upper mirror 182, a second sacrificial oxide film 116 is deposited by the thickness of the tuning space. It is preferable that the second sacrificial oxide film 116 is formed by a thickness capable of adjusting the spaced distance between the upper mirror 182 and the lower mirror 180 by the electrostatic force due to the applied voltage, for example, 2-3 μm. The second sacrificial oxide film may be formed by a PECVD (Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition) method using SiH4 gas of 60 sccm and N2O gas of 1000 sccm, at a pressure of 3 Torr and a temperature of 300° C.
Subsequently, an upper mirror 182 having a laminated structure symmetrical to the lower mirror 180 is formed on the second sacrificial oxide film 116. Hereinafter, the steps of forming the upper mirror 182 will be explained.
Referring to FIG. 11 , first, a fourth silicon film 118 is deposited, and, for electrical connection, a process of doping POCl3 or a process of injecting ions such as phosphorus 119 into the laminated fourth silicon film 118 is performed. It is preferable that the fourth silicon film 118 is formed by a same thickness and a same method as the first silicon film 106 in the lower mirror 180.
Referring to FIG. 12 , a fourth silicon oxide film is deposited on the fourth silicon film 118, and then is patterned to form the fourth silicon oxide film pattern 120a. It is preferable that the fourth silicon oxide film is formed by a same thickness and a same method as the first silicon oxide film 108 in the lower mirror 180. The fourth silicon oxide film pattern 120a defines the mirror region (See ‘150’ in FIG. 1 ).
Referring to FIG. 13 , a fifth silicon film 122 is deposited on the semiconductor substrate 100 on which the fourth silicon oxide film pattern 120a is formed. It is preferable that the fifth silicon film 122 is formed by a same thickness and a same method as the second silicon film 110 in the lower mirror 180.
Referring to FIG. 14 , a fifth silicon oxide film is deposited on the fifth silicon film 122, and then is patterned to form the fifth silicon oxide film pattern 124a. It is preferable that the fifth silicon oxide film is formed by a same thickness as the second silicon oxide film 112. The fifth silicon oxide film pattern 124a defines the mirror region (See ‘150’ in FIG. 1 ).
Referring to FIG. 15 , a sixth silicon film 126 is deposited on the semiconductor substrate 100 on which the fifth silicon oxide film pattern 124a is performed, and a process of doping POCl3 or a process of injecting ions such as phosphorus 127 thereinto is performed. It is preferable that the sixth silicon film 126 is formed by a same thickness and a same method as the third silicon film 114 of the lower mirror 180.
On the other hand, in order to increase the optical reflectivity of the upper mirror 182 having the laminated structure of the silicon film and the silicon oxide film, if necessary, before the sixth silicon film 126 is formed, the silicon film and the silicon oxide film may be further laminated as need by the same method as the above-mentioned method.
Referring to FIG. 16 , in order to form an electrode pad (See ‘140’ in FIG. 1 ) electrically connected with the third silicon film 114 in the lower mirror 180, the silicon films 126, 122, 118 forming the upper mirror 182 and the second sacrificial oxide film 116 are etched by a plasma etching method. Subsequently, a protective oxide film 128 for protecting the structure on the front side of the semiconductor substrate 100 when etching the rear side thereof is deposited.
Referring to FIG. 17 , the rear side of the semiconductor substrate 100 is etched. That is, a photoresist pattern defining an opening 130 for inserting an optical fiber thereinto is formed on the rear side of the semiconductor substrate 100. The thermal oxide film 102 on the rear side of the semiconductor substrate 100 is etched by using the photoresist pattern as an etching mask, and then the substrate is etched up to under the first sacrificial oxide film 104 below the lower mirror 180 in a wet etching method or a Deep RIE (Deep Reactive Ion etching) method using a silicon etching solution such as KOH, thereby the opening 130 for inserting the optical fiber 160 thereinto is formed. The Deep RIE method uses SF6 gas and C4F8 gas.
Referring to FIG. 18 , after the opening 130 for inserting the optical fiber thereinto is formed in the rear side of the semiconductor substrate 100, the protective oxide film 128 formed on the front side of the semiconductor substrate 100 is removed. Subsequently, a conductive material is deposited on the sixth silicon film 126 and the third silicon film 114 and is patterned to form electrode pads 140, 142. The electrode pad 140, 142 are electrically connected with the top silicon films in the lower mirror 180 and the upper mirror 182, respectively, and the gap between the lower mirror 180 and the upper mirror 182 can be controlled by applying a voltage to the electrode pads 140, 142.
Referring to FIG. 19 , the lower and upper mirrors 180, 182 having the laminated structure of the silicon film and the silicon oxide film is defined by a photolithography process in the pattern shape of the optical tuning mirror structure in FIG. 1 . Subsequently, in order to form the mirror structure pattern suspended by the connection means 155, that is, the torsion bar or the spring, the etching process is performed until the first sacrificial oxide film 104. For example, the silicon film may be etched with a plasma RIE process by using SF4 or CF4 gas, and the silicon oxide film may be etched by using CF4 gas or CHF6 gas.
Next, the second sacrificial oxide film 116 and the first sacrificial oxide film 104 are removed by a wet etching method using a hydrogen fluoride solution or a gas phase etching (GPE) method using anhydrous hydrogen fluoride (HF). Since the wet etching method and the gas phase etching method has an isotropic etching characteristics, the second sacrificial oxide film 116 between the upper mirror 182 and the lower mirror 180 is removed to form the optical tuning space, and the first sacrificial oxide film 104 between the lower mirror 180 and the semiconductor substrate 100 is etched by the optical fiber inserting opening 130 so that the lower mirror 180 is spaced away from the semiconductor substrate 100 by a predetermined distance in a floating shape.
The tunable wavelength optical filter having Fabry-Perot structure in which a pair of mirrors 180, 182 having the optical reflective layer composed of the multi-layer laminated structure of the silicon film/silicon oxide film are driven by the electrostatic force can be manufactured.
On the other hand, without forming the lower mirror 180 and the upper mirror 182 in a pair, wafers or cut individual chips on each which only the lower mirror 180 is formed and which the steps of forming the electrode 140 and the optical fiber inserting opening 130 and removing the sacrificial oxide film 104 are performed are aligned and attached opposite to each other by a predetermined distance by using the spacer layer, thereby the tunable wavelength optical filter having Fabry-Perot structure can be manufactured. This structure will be further explained as follows: First, a sacrificial oxide film for floating a mirror is formed on a semiconductor substrate. At this time, before forming the sacrificial oxide film, thermal oxide films may be on the both sides of the semiconductor substrate. Subsequently, conductive silicon films and oxide patterns for defining the mirror region are sequentially laminated on the sacrificial oxide film and another conductive silicon film is laminated to form the mirror. Next, the rear side of the semiconductor substrate is etched to form the opening for inserting an optical fiber thereinto. Subsequently, an electrode pad for controlling the gap between the mirrors by the electrostatic force is formed. Next, the silicon film around the mirror is etched by a dry etching method to expose the sacrificial oxide film, so that the mirror is suspended by the connecting means. Subsequently, in order to float the mirror on the semiconductor substrate, the sacrificial oxide film is etched. Finally, two semiconductor substrates passed through the above-mentioned processes are prepared, and are attached to each other while sandwiching a spacer therebetween such that the mirrors of the semiconductor substrates are opposite to each other, thereby the tunable wavelength optical filter having the Fabry-Perot structure is completed.
Further, the electrode pads 140, 142 can be electrically connected to the top silicon film in the lower mirror 180 and the top silicon film in the upper mirror 182, respectively, to adjust the tuning gap. But, in an alternative method, the electrode pads can be formed in the silicon film forming the lower mirror 180 and the silicon substrate 100 to adjust the gap between the lower mirror and the substrate 100, thereby the micro-gap between the upper and the lower mirrors 182, 180 can be relatively adjusted.
In addition, both the upper mirror 182 and the lower mirror 180 are suspended by the connecting means 155, but the structure that only the upper mirror 182 is suspended by the connecting means 155 and the lower mirror 180 is not floated on the semiconductor substrate 100, that is, is embedded in the substrate can be formed. By performing the dry etching process performed to suspend the mirror by the connecting means 155 until the second sacrificial oxide film 116 is exposed, the structure that only the upper mirror 182 is suspended by the connecting means 155 is accomplished after etching the sacrificial oxide film 116.
According to the present invention, a multi-layer thin film mirror having a high optical reflectivity which comprised of the silicon film (polysilicon) and the silicon oxide film having a large optical reflectivity difference therebetween can be implemented on a silicon wafer, and an optical filter device floated on the substrate can be manufactured by using the high etching selectivity of the silicon oxide film and the silicon film. Particularly, the pattern except for the mirror region having the multi-layer laminated structure of the silicon film/silicon oxide film is formed by laminating the silicon films, thereby the tunable wavelength optical filter having the Fabry-Perot structure can be easily manufactured by only a general silicon semiconductor IC process. The present invention can manufacture the tunable wavelength optical filter by a surface micro-machining technique by using a basic technique of the silicon semiconductor process established already. In addition, the manufacturing structure and the process thereof is simple, thereby the bulk production is performed a consistent process at a low cost.
Further, according to the present invention, the consistent process using the semiconductor substrate can be performed by using general semiconductor processes and materials, and the tunable wavelength optical filter and an IC circuit for controlling and driving the same can be simultaneously integrated on one substrate, due to the compatibility with the semiconductor IC process.
Although the present invention has been illustrated and described with respect to exemplary embodiments thereof, the present invention should not be understood as limited to the specific embodiment, and it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing and various other changes, omission and additions may be made therein and thereto, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (14)
1. A method of manufacturing a tunable wavelength optical filter, comprising the steps of:
(a) forming a first sacrificial oxide film for floating a lower mirror on a semiconductor substrate;
(b) sequentially laminating conductive silicon films and oxide films for defining a mirror region on said first sacrificial oxide film in a multi-layer and laminating another conductive silicon film to form a lower mirror;
(c) forming a second sacrificial film on the resultant;
(d) sequentially laminating conductive silicon films and oxide films for defining the mirror region on said second sacrificial oxide film in a multi-layer and laminating another conductive silicon film to form an upper mirror;
(e) etching the rear side of said semiconductor substrate to form an opening for inserting an optical fiber thereinto;
(f) forming electrode pads for controlling the gap between said lower mirror and said upper mirror by an electrostatic force;
(g) etching the silicon film around said upper mirror in a dry etching method to expose said second sacrificial oxide film, such that said upper mirror is suspended by a connecting means; and
(h) forming an optical tuning space between said lower mirror and said upper mirror and etching said first sacrificial oxide film and said second sacrificial oxide film such that said lower mirror is floated on said semiconductor substrate.
2. The method of manufacturing the tunable wavelength optical filter according to claim 1 , further comprising the structure of lower mirror embedded type that only the upper mirror is suspended by the connecting means and the lower mirror is not floated on the semiconductor substrate, after the step (g) and before the step (h).
3. The method of manufacturing the tunable wavelength optical filter according to claim 1 , wherein said first and second sacrificial oxide films are etched by a wet etching method using a hydrogen fluoride solution or a gas phase etching method using anhydrous hydrogen fluoride which the etching speed of the sacrificial oxide film is quicker than that of the silicon film.
4. The method of manufacturing the tunable wavelength optical filter according to claim 1 , wherein said silicon film is formed so as to have a thickness of (2m+1)λ/4n (m=0, 1, 2, . . . ),
wherein λ is the wavelength of the light source, and n is the optical refractive index of the silicon film.
5. The method of manufacturing the tunable wavelength optical filter according to claim 1 , wherein said oxide film is formed so as to have a thickness of (2m+1)λ/4n (m=0, 1, 2, . . . ),
wherein λ is the wavelength of the light source, and n is the optical refractive index of the oxide film.
6. The method of manufacturing the tunable wavelength optical filter according to claim 1 , further comprising the step of forming thermal oxide films on the both sides of the semiconductor substrate, before forming said first sacrificial oxide film.
7. The method of manufacturing the tunable wavelength optical filter according to claim 1 , wherein said the step (b) comprises the steps of:
depositing a first conductive silicon film on said first sacrificial oxide film,
depositing a first oxide film on said first silicon film and patterning the first oxide film to define the mirror region;
depositing a second silicon film on said first silicon film and said patterned first oxide film;
depositing a second oxide film on said second silicon film and patterning the second oxide film to define the mirror region; and
forming a third conductive silicon film on said second silicon film and said patterned second oxide film.
8. The method of manufacturing the tunable wavelength optical filter according to claim 1 , wherein said the step (d) comprises the steps of:
depositing a first conductive silicon film on said second sacrificial oxide film,
depositing a first oxide film on said first silicon film and patterning the first oxide film to define the mirror region; and
depositing a second silicon film on said first silicon film and said patterned first oxide film;
depositing a second oxide film on said second silicon film and patterning the second oxide film to define the mirror region; and
forming a third conductive silicon film on said second silicon film and said patterned second oxide film.
9. A method of manufacturing a tunable wavelength optical filter, comprising:
forming a first sacrificial oxide film;
sequentially laminating silicon films and oxide films on the first sacrificial oxide film to form a lower mirror;
forming a second sacrificial film on the lower mirror;
sequentially laminating silicon films and oxide films on the second sacrificial oxide film to form an upper mirror;
etching the second sacrificial oxide film to form a gap between the lower minor and the upper minor; and
forming electrode pads for controlling the gap.
10. The method of claim 9, further comprising:
etching the silicon film around the upper mirror to expose the second sacrificial oxide film; and
etching the second sacrificial oxide film, whereby floating the lower mirror on a semiconductor substrate.
11. The method of claim 9, wherein the electrode pad controls the gap by an electrostatic force.
12. The method of claim 9, wherein at least one of the upper mirror and the lower minor is suspended by a connecting means.
13. The method of claim 9, wherein the first sacrificial oxide film is formed on a semiconductor substrate.
14. The method of claim 13, further comprising etching the read side of the semiconductor substrate to form an opening for inserting an optical fiber therein.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US12/828,908 USRE44356E1 (en) | 2002-12-10 | 2010-07-01 | Tunable-wavelength optical filter and method of manufacturing the same |
Applications Claiming Priority (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
KR10-2002-0078443A KR100489801B1 (en) | 2002-12-10 | 2002-12-10 | Tunable wavelength optical filter and method of manufacturing the same |
KR2002-78443 | 2002-12-10 | ||
US10/671,825 US7163872B2 (en) | 2002-12-10 | 2003-09-25 | Tunable-wavelength optical filter and method of manufacturing the same |
US11/045,554 US7012752B2 (en) | 2002-12-10 | 2005-01-27 | Tunable-wavelength optical filter and method of manufacturing the same |
US11/508,017 US7393793B2 (en) | 2002-12-10 | 2006-08-21 | Tunable-wavelength optical filter and method of manufacturing the same |
US12/828,908 USRE44356E1 (en) | 2002-12-10 | 2010-07-01 | Tunable-wavelength optical filter and method of manufacturing the same |
Related Parent Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US11/508,017 Reissue US7393793B2 (en) | 2002-12-10 | 2006-08-21 | Tunable-wavelength optical filter and method of manufacturing the same |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
USRE44356E1 true USRE44356E1 (en) | 2013-07-09 |
Family
ID=32464581
Family Applications (4)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US10/671,825 Expired - Fee Related US7163872B2 (en) | 2002-12-10 | 2003-09-25 | Tunable-wavelength optical filter and method of manufacturing the same |
US11/045,554 Expired - Lifetime US7012752B2 (en) | 2002-12-10 | 2005-01-27 | Tunable-wavelength optical filter and method of manufacturing the same |
US11/508,017 Ceased US7393793B2 (en) | 2002-12-10 | 2006-08-21 | Tunable-wavelength optical filter and method of manufacturing the same |
US12/828,908 Expired - Lifetime USRE44356E1 (en) | 2002-12-10 | 2010-07-01 | Tunable-wavelength optical filter and method of manufacturing the same |
Family Applications Before (3)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US10/671,825 Expired - Fee Related US7163872B2 (en) | 2002-12-10 | 2003-09-25 | Tunable-wavelength optical filter and method of manufacturing the same |
US11/045,554 Expired - Lifetime US7012752B2 (en) | 2002-12-10 | 2005-01-27 | Tunable-wavelength optical filter and method of manufacturing the same |
US11/508,017 Ceased US7393793B2 (en) | 2002-12-10 | 2006-08-21 | Tunable-wavelength optical filter and method of manufacturing the same |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (4) | US7163872B2 (en) |
KR (1) | KR100489801B1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (20)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP3801099B2 (en) * | 2002-06-04 | 2006-07-26 | 株式会社デンソー | Tunable filter, manufacturing method thereof, and optical switching device using the same |
KR100489801B1 (en) * | 2002-12-10 | 2005-05-16 | 한국전자통신연구원 | Tunable wavelength optical filter and method of manufacturing the same |
JP2005099206A (en) * | 2003-09-22 | 2005-04-14 | Seiko Epson Corp | Variable wavelength filter and method for manufacturing the same |
JP3770326B2 (en) * | 2003-10-01 | 2006-04-26 | セイコーエプソン株式会社 | Analysis equipment |
US7408645B2 (en) * | 2003-11-10 | 2008-08-05 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Method and apparatus for a downhole spectrometer based on tunable optical filters |
KR100595999B1 (en) * | 2003-12-22 | 2006-07-07 | 한국전자통신연구원 | Wavelength tunable optical filter |
JP4210245B2 (en) * | 2004-07-09 | 2009-01-14 | セイコーエプソン株式会社 | Wavelength tunable filter and detection device |
KR100732005B1 (en) * | 2005-11-02 | 2007-06-27 | 한국기계연구원 | Silicon fabry-perot wavelength tunable filter using thermo-optic effect and method for manufacturing the same |
US7547568B2 (en) * | 2006-02-22 | 2009-06-16 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Electrical conditioning of MEMS device and insulating layer thereof |
US7573074B2 (en) * | 2006-05-19 | 2009-08-11 | Bridgelux, Inc. | LED electrode |
US7737455B2 (en) * | 2006-05-19 | 2010-06-15 | Bridgelux, Inc. | Electrode structures for LEDs with increased active area |
JP2008256837A (en) * | 2007-04-03 | 2008-10-23 | Yamaichi Electronics Co Ltd | Fabry-perot tunable filter and method of manufacturing the same |
US7804600B1 (en) | 2007-04-30 | 2010-09-28 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration | Ring-laser gyroscope system using dispersive element(s) |
WO2010039307A2 (en) * | 2008-06-26 | 2010-04-08 | Cornell University | Cmos integrated micromechanical resonators and methods for fabricating the same |
US8743449B2 (en) * | 2009-05-29 | 2014-06-03 | Huikai Xie | Method and apparatus for providing high-fill-factor micromirror/micromirror arrays with surface mounting capability |
JP5640549B2 (en) | 2010-08-19 | 2014-12-17 | セイコーエプソン株式会社 | Optical filter, optical filter manufacturing method, and optical device |
JP5640659B2 (en) * | 2010-11-02 | 2014-12-17 | セイコーエプソン株式会社 | Optical filter, optical filter manufacturing method, and optical device |
CN105093417B (en) * | 2014-04-23 | 2018-10-30 | 华为技术有限公司 | Wavelength locker and film filter |
CN107240614B (en) * | 2017-06-16 | 2019-03-22 | 苏州苏纳光电有限公司 | Infrared focus plane multicolour detector and preparation method thereof |
US11808974B2 (en) * | 2022-02-08 | 2023-11-07 | Renesas Electronics Corporation | Semiconductor device and method of manufacturing the same |
Citations (26)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5561523A (en) * | 1994-02-17 | 1996-10-01 | Vaisala Oy | Electrically tunable fabry-perot interferometer produced by surface micromechanical techniques for use in optical material analysis |
US5909280A (en) * | 1992-01-22 | 1999-06-01 | Maxam, Inc. | Method of monolithically fabricating a microspectrometer with integrated detector |
US6304689B1 (en) * | 1998-01-09 | 2001-10-16 | Communications Research Laboratory Ministry Of Posts And Telecommunications | General multi-function optical filter |
US6341039B1 (en) * | 2000-03-03 | 2002-01-22 | Axsun Technologies, Inc. | Flexible membrane for tunable fabry-perot filter |
US6351577B1 (en) * | 1998-12-14 | 2002-02-26 | Lucent Technologies Inc. | Surface-micromachined out-of-plane tunable optical filters |
US20020031155A1 (en) * | 1998-06-26 | 2002-03-14 | Parviz Tayebati | Microelectromechanically tunable, confocal, vertical cavity surface emitting laser and fabry-perot filter |
US6373632B1 (en) * | 2000-03-03 | 2002-04-16 | Axsun Technologies, Inc. | Tunable Fabry-Perot filter |
US6381022B1 (en) * | 1992-01-22 | 2002-04-30 | Northeastern University | Light modulating device |
US6449403B1 (en) * | 2000-02-22 | 2002-09-10 | Marconi Communications Limited | Wavelength selective optical filter |
US20020126725A1 (en) * | 1995-09-29 | 2002-09-12 | Parvis Tayebati | Electrically tunable fabry-perot structure utilizing a deformable multi-layer mirror and method of making the same |
US20020168136A1 (en) * | 2001-05-08 | 2002-11-14 | Axsun Technologies, Inc. | Suspended high reflectivity coating on release structure and fabrication process therefor |
US6487230B1 (en) * | 1998-04-14 | 2002-11-26 | Bandwidth 9, Inc | Vertical cavity apparatus with tunnel junction |
US20030012231A1 (en) * | 1997-12-29 | 2003-01-16 | Parviz Tayebati | Microelectromechanically tunable, confocal, vertical cavity surface emitting laser and fabry-perot filter |
US20030020926A1 (en) * | 2001-05-15 | 2003-01-30 | Nicolae Miron | Tunable band pass optical filter unit with a tunable band pass interferometer |
US6525880B2 (en) * | 2000-03-03 | 2003-02-25 | Axsun Technologies, Inc. | Integrated tunable fabry-perot filter and method of making same |
US6594059B2 (en) * | 2001-07-16 | 2003-07-15 | Axsun Technologies, Inc. | Tilt mirror fabry-perot filter system, fabrication process therefor, and method of operation thereof |
US20030169786A1 (en) * | 2001-03-15 | 2003-09-11 | Elyahou Kapon | Micro-electromechanically tunable vertical cavity photonic device and a method of fabrication thereof |
US20030174952A1 (en) | 2002-03-12 | 2003-09-18 | Robert Fan | Fiber optic tunable filter using a fabry-perot resonator |
US6661830B1 (en) * | 2002-10-07 | 2003-12-09 | Coherent, Inc. | Tunable optically-pumped semiconductor laser including a polarizing resonator mirror |
US6724785B1 (en) * | 2000-04-14 | 2004-04-20 | Agilent Technologies, Inc. | Tunable fabry-perot filters and lasers with reduced frequency noise |
US6813053B1 (en) * | 2000-05-19 | 2004-11-02 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Apparatus and method for controlled cantilever motion through torsional beams and a counterweight |
US6822779B2 (en) | 2002-11-13 | 2004-11-23 | Np Photonics Inc. | Method of finding drive values for an actuation mechanism |
US20050052746A1 (en) | 2003-09-10 | 2005-03-10 | Chih-Tsung Shih | Tunable filter with a wide free spectral range |
US6950570B1 (en) | 2002-08-13 | 2005-09-27 | Active Optical Networks, Inc. | Integrated fiber, sensor and lens arrays for optical networks |
US7034975B1 (en) * | 2001-12-03 | 2006-04-25 | Cheetah Onmi, Llc | High speed MEMS device |
US7071566B2 (en) * | 2002-03-18 | 2006-07-04 | Honeywell International Inc. | Multi-substrate package assembly |
Family Cites Families (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6424466B1 (en) * | 2001-05-02 | 2002-07-23 | Axsun Technologies, Inc | Dual cavity MEMS tunable Fabry-Perot filter |
KR100489801B1 (en) * | 2002-12-10 | 2005-05-16 | 한국전자통신연구원 | Tunable wavelength optical filter and method of manufacturing the same |
-
2002
- 2002-12-10 KR KR10-2002-0078443A patent/KR100489801B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2003
- 2003-09-25 US US10/671,825 patent/US7163872B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2005
- 2005-01-27 US US11/045,554 patent/US7012752B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2006
- 2006-08-21 US US11/508,017 patent/US7393793B2/en not_active Ceased
-
2010
- 2010-07-01 US US12/828,908 patent/USRE44356E1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (27)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5909280A (en) * | 1992-01-22 | 1999-06-01 | Maxam, Inc. | Method of monolithically fabricating a microspectrometer with integrated detector |
US6381022B1 (en) * | 1992-01-22 | 2002-04-30 | Northeastern University | Light modulating device |
US5561523A (en) * | 1994-02-17 | 1996-10-01 | Vaisala Oy | Electrically tunable fabry-perot interferometer produced by surface micromechanical techniques for use in optical material analysis |
US20020126725A1 (en) * | 1995-09-29 | 2002-09-12 | Parvis Tayebati | Electrically tunable fabry-perot structure utilizing a deformable multi-layer mirror and method of making the same |
US20030012231A1 (en) * | 1997-12-29 | 2003-01-16 | Parviz Tayebati | Microelectromechanically tunable, confocal, vertical cavity surface emitting laser and fabry-perot filter |
US6304689B1 (en) * | 1998-01-09 | 2001-10-16 | Communications Research Laboratory Ministry Of Posts And Telecommunications | General multi-function optical filter |
US6487230B1 (en) * | 1998-04-14 | 2002-11-26 | Bandwidth 9, Inc | Vertical cavity apparatus with tunnel junction |
US20020031155A1 (en) * | 1998-06-26 | 2002-03-14 | Parviz Tayebati | Microelectromechanically tunable, confocal, vertical cavity surface emitting laser and fabry-perot filter |
US6351577B1 (en) * | 1998-12-14 | 2002-02-26 | Lucent Technologies Inc. | Surface-micromachined out-of-plane tunable optical filters |
US6665459B2 (en) * | 2000-02-22 | 2003-12-16 | Marconi Uk Intellectual Property Limited | Wavelength selective optical filter |
US6449403B1 (en) * | 2000-02-22 | 2002-09-10 | Marconi Communications Limited | Wavelength selective optical filter |
US6373632B1 (en) * | 2000-03-03 | 2002-04-16 | Axsun Technologies, Inc. | Tunable Fabry-Perot filter |
US6341039B1 (en) * | 2000-03-03 | 2002-01-22 | Axsun Technologies, Inc. | Flexible membrane for tunable fabry-perot filter |
US6525880B2 (en) * | 2000-03-03 | 2003-02-25 | Axsun Technologies, Inc. | Integrated tunable fabry-perot filter and method of making same |
US6724785B1 (en) * | 2000-04-14 | 2004-04-20 | Agilent Technologies, Inc. | Tunable fabry-perot filters and lasers with reduced frequency noise |
US6813053B1 (en) * | 2000-05-19 | 2004-11-02 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Apparatus and method for controlled cantilever motion through torsional beams and a counterweight |
US20030169786A1 (en) * | 2001-03-15 | 2003-09-11 | Elyahou Kapon | Micro-electromechanically tunable vertical cavity photonic device and a method of fabrication thereof |
US20020168136A1 (en) * | 2001-05-08 | 2002-11-14 | Axsun Technologies, Inc. | Suspended high reflectivity coating on release structure and fabrication process therefor |
US20030020926A1 (en) * | 2001-05-15 | 2003-01-30 | Nicolae Miron | Tunable band pass optical filter unit with a tunable band pass interferometer |
US6594059B2 (en) * | 2001-07-16 | 2003-07-15 | Axsun Technologies, Inc. | Tilt mirror fabry-perot filter system, fabrication process therefor, and method of operation thereof |
US7034975B1 (en) * | 2001-12-03 | 2006-04-25 | Cheetah Onmi, Llc | High speed MEMS device |
US20030174952A1 (en) | 2002-03-12 | 2003-09-18 | Robert Fan | Fiber optic tunable filter using a fabry-perot resonator |
US7071566B2 (en) * | 2002-03-18 | 2006-07-04 | Honeywell International Inc. | Multi-substrate package assembly |
US6950570B1 (en) | 2002-08-13 | 2005-09-27 | Active Optical Networks, Inc. | Integrated fiber, sensor and lens arrays for optical networks |
US6661830B1 (en) * | 2002-10-07 | 2003-12-09 | Coherent, Inc. | Tunable optically-pumped semiconductor laser including a polarizing resonator mirror |
US6822779B2 (en) | 2002-11-13 | 2004-11-23 | Np Photonics Inc. | Method of finding drive values for an actuation mechanism |
US20050052746A1 (en) | 2003-09-10 | 2005-03-10 | Chih-Tsung Shih | Tunable filter with a wide free spectral range |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
J. Peerlings, et al., "Long Resonator Micromachined Tunable GaAs-A1Ax Fabry-Perot Filter", IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, vol. 9, No. 9, Sep. 1997. * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20060285209A1 (en) | 2006-12-21 |
US7012752B2 (en) | 2006-03-14 |
US7393793B2 (en) | 2008-07-01 |
US7163872B2 (en) | 2007-01-16 |
KR100489801B1 (en) | 2005-05-16 |
KR20040050586A (en) | 2004-06-16 |
US20050157392A1 (en) | 2005-07-21 |
US20040109250A1 (en) | 2004-06-10 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
USRE44356E1 (en) | Tunable-wavelength optical filter and method of manufacturing the same | |
TW526165B (en) | Microstructure switches | |
US7301703B2 (en) | Tunable filter and method of manufacturing the same, and sensing device | |
US5949571A (en) | Mars optical modulators | |
US5313535A (en) | Optical path length modulator | |
US5367585A (en) | Integrated microelectromechanical polymeric photonic switch | |
US20050068627A1 (en) | Tunable optical filter and method of manufacturing same | |
US20030227700A1 (en) | Micro mirror unit and method of making the same | |
US20020110948A1 (en) | Defined sacrifical region via ion implantation for micro-opto-electro-mechanical system (MOEMS) applications | |
JP2005250376A (en) | Optical modulator and method of manufacturing optical modulator | |
JP2007299008A (en) | Article comprising of optical cavity | |
JP2001133706A (en) | Optical attenuator | |
JPH07201806A (en) | Method for manufacturing fine structure by both anisotropic etching and substrate junction | |
JP2697353B2 (en) | Fabry-Perot type variable wavelength filter and method of manufacturing the same | |
JP2005519784A (en) | MEMS comb actuator embodied in insulating material and manufacturing method thereof | |
Lee et al. | Vertical mirror fabrication combining KOH etch and DRIE of (110) silicon | |
JP7417320B2 (en) | Photonic chip and its manufacturing method | |
US6501600B1 (en) | Polarization independent grating modulator | |
US20040161193A1 (en) | Optical resonator, fabrication of concave mirror thereof, and optical filter using the same | |
JP2005024825A (en) | Interference filter, variable wavelength interference filter and method of manufacturing the filters | |
US20030016436A1 (en) | Fabry-Perot cavity manufactured with bulk micro-machining process applied on supporting substrate | |
KR100341853B1 (en) | Micromachined optical filter | |
US6727562B2 (en) | Basic common optical cell configuration of dual cavities for optical tunable devices | |
KR100281736B1 (en) | Structure and fabrication method of wye-branch type optical waveguide polarized light separator | |
JPH10239541A (en) | Optical waveguide and manufacture thereof |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
FEPP | Fee payment procedure |
Free format text: PAYOR NUMBER ASSIGNED (ORIGINAL EVENT CODE: ASPN); ENTITY STATUS OF PATENT OWNER: SMALL ENTITY |
|
FPAY | Fee payment |
Year of fee payment: 8 |
|
FEPP | Fee payment procedure |
Free format text: MAINTENANCE FEE REMINDER MAILED (ORIGINAL EVENT CODE: REM.); ENTITY STATUS OF PATENT OWNER: SMALL ENTITY |