WO1980000414A1

WO1980000414A1 - Colon cleansing system and technique

Info

Publication number: WO1980000414A1
Application number: PCT/US1978/000249
Authority: WO
Inventors: R Clayton
Original assignee: R Clayton
Priority date: 1978-08-28
Filing date: 1978-12-26
Publication date: 1980-03-20
Also published as: GB2041760B; CA1152833A; GB2041760A

Abstract

According to the present system and technique, with the patient lying on his right side, a soap containing enema solution, preferably with a laxative therein, is introduced into the colon through the anal opening via a suitable tube held in the rectum by an inflated balloon (18), preferably from a bag (11) held above the patient, in a volume, usually sufficient to completely fill the colon all the way to the cecum, usually 1500 cc to 3000 cc in a normal adult. Inflation of the balloon can be accurately controlled by using a calibrated syringe (40), acting through a suitable valve containing conduit (21). The balloon and tube can be further secured in place with a limiting means (19) on the tube outside of the patient's anal opening and/or with specially made device (60) designed to squeeze the patient's buttock together.

Description

COLON CLEANSING SYSTEM AND TECHNIQUE

Technical Field

This invention relates to an improved method and technique for cleansing the colon_*

Background Of The Invention

There are of- course numerous situations which require emptying the colon of solid fecal material, liquid or gas. Healthy persons could need such a cleansing for any one of a number of reasons including constipation. In addition it would be required in a number of medical situations including preparation for conducting tests, preparation for surgery and routine emptying of the colon for patients such as paralyzed persons or any person who cannot perform this function naturally. Preparation for testing would include essentially emptying of the colon of solids, liquid or gas prior to injecting therein a barium enema for visual observation under an x-ray machine, It is preferable to empty the colon for virtually any type of surgery in which an anesthetic is used, even if the surgery does -not involve opening up the thoracic cavity or the abdomen since fecal material or gas in the colon exerts a pressure on the diaphram, hence imposing limitations on the ability of the patient to breath, and this in turn can lead to collapse of the lungs, pneumonia, vomiting and other problems. Disabled persons such as fecally incontinent persons would include those disabled by age as well as -those paralyzed below the waist, or disabled for any reason. Present systems for attempting to cleanse the colon include two basic procedures; first the use of enemas for the lower colon (from the splenic flexure to the anal opening) and second, the use of oral laxatives for cleari out the upper colon (from the splenic flexure to the cecu The giving of enemas normally includes multiple enemas of less than 1000 cc, normally approximately 500 cc each, which, incidently, are often inadequate, while having the patient lay on his or her (referred to generically here- inafter as "his") left side. In practice the limit may b approximately 500 cc since above this level the enema solution will tend to leak out of the anal opening around the tube and onto the bed. A single enema of this type is almost never sufficient to cleanse out the entire lowe colon so that the nurse or aide is normally given directi to continue giving additional enemas using the same volum of liquid, i.e. about 500 cc, usually until the expelled liquid is "clear". At this time the usefulness of the enema procedure is considered terminated and as noted abo any additional waste material within the patient's upper colon is removed by having the patient take laxatives orally and waiting the necessary time until such orally taken laxatives pass completely through the patient's stomach and small intestine, supposedly or with the purpo of cleansing the upper colon including the cecum, the as¬ cending colon, the hepatic flexure, and the transverse colon, urging the solid waste material into and hopefully out of the already cleansed lower colon. Or the enemas may be given after the laxatives. Although the above described use of the enema concept i.e. essentially for cleaning only the patient's lower colon, has been used since time immemorial, such proce¬ dure has certain significant disadvantages. Multiple enemas are physically exhausting to the patient. More- over, they can cause dehydration of the patient's body with the attendant loss of water and electrolytes, thereb upsetting both the moisture and electrical balance of the patient's body. This of course can have severe reper¬ cussions on the operation of vital organs including the___—

( OM heart. Further multiple enemas irritate the anus and internal lining of the colon and this^'can be very danger¬ ous, especially in the case of aged patients or those with a diseased colon. In addition to the physical dis- advantages, because of the odors and mess of enemas there are the psychological disadvantages of humiliation and embarrassment. In addition to the physical and psychological effects on the patient, there are the very considerable monetary disadvantages in this age of sky- rocketing hospital costs. The procedure of giving multi¬ ple enemas followed or preceded by the giving of oral laxatives to complete cleansing of the colon will require in virtually all cases at least one additional day in the hospital, with its attendant costs. Hence, there exists a need for a new and improved system and technique for more effectively cleansing the colon.

Summary Of Invention

It is a purpose of the present invention to provide a new system and technique for cleansing the colon. More particularly, its purpose is to provide a new system and technique so significantly advanced relative to previously known procedures that it will permit cleansing of the entire colon from the cecum, including the ascending, transverse and descending colons, to the anal opening, in a single injection of a cleansing solution.

The present invention is based initially on an analysis of the conventional procedure for giving enemas, with and without oral laxatives, the shortcomings and de- fects of these procedures, and the reasons for such short¬ comings and defects. In accordance with the conventional enema procedure, the patient is placed on his left side so that the enema solution can flow "downhill" from the anal opening toward the descending colon located on the left side. This is entirely consistent with the purpose of a -conventional enema procedure, which apparently is to cleanse only up to and- through the descending colon to the

OMPI . WIPO * splenic flexure. This well recognized limitation of the conventional enema procedure probably resulted because, inter alia, once a sufficient, volume of enema solution was introduced to fill the colon up to the splenic flex- ure, i.e. including the rectum, the sigmoid and the de¬ scending colon, the patient could hold no more liquid, and any additional liquid would simply leak out between the walls of the anal opening and the outer surface of the enema tube. In any.event, as discussed above, the remaining portions of the colon, the ascending and transverse colon are not cleansed by the conventional enema but are cleaned by the use of laxatives and the like.

Upon analyzing the conventional enema procedure, with and without the use of orally taken laxatives, and upon noting the well recognized limitations thereof, I made several discoveries. First, I ascertained the reas for- the well accepted limitations on the conventional enema procedures and I recognized that whatever reasons historically supported these limitation, they were not valid. For reasons set forth above, the patient is plac with his left side down. I recognized that liquid then entering the rectum, sigmoid and descending colon would then reach a barrier at the splenic flexure which could not be crossed. Beyond the splenic flexure, the liquid would be travelling uphill. But located in the colon beyond the splenic flexure is a body of fecal matter and gas which together form a gas lock opposing the flow of cleansing fluid upwardly into and through the transverse colon. That is, the solid fecal matter and the gas are relatively fixed in place, not easily moved, such that further movement of the enema solution would oppose grav in two ways, the upward movement of the liquid and the downward movement of the gas. This problem is aggravate by the fact that the liquid entering the descending colo would flow under any gas located therein, forcing that gas upward into the transverse colon, thus enlarging the body of gas which the liquid would have to cross,, opposi

OM gravity, to enter the transverse colon. Some have sug¬ gested altering the conventional enema procedure slightly by placing the patient on the right side rather than the left side. This did allow some of the enema liquid reaching the splenic flexure to run down the transverse colon, possibly entering the ascending colon. However, considering the small volume of liquid used in the conventional enema procedures, and absent recognization of my subsequent dis¬ coveries to be discussed below, this alternative did not come close to cleansing the entire colon.

A further discovery involved an analysis of the actual mechanics of the interaction between the solid fecal matter or "stool" and the anatomy of the colon. A signifi¬ cant problem in cleansing the colon is that the stool and the sticky mucus material within the colon become attached to the lining of the colon and must be detached. Recog¬ nizing that the colon stretches, whereas the stool and mucus material do not stretch, I recognized that such de¬ tachment could be brought about by causing distension of the colon throughout its entire length. I accomplished this distension by introducing into the patient not the conventional volumes of liquid solution but a much greater volume, namely whatever volume is necessary to completely distend the colon and fill all interstices between the stool material and the colon lining, except of course for the volume thereof occupied by gas, all the way from the anal opening to the cecum. I accomplished this by placing the patient on his right side and introducing the necessary quantity of liquid solution into the patient while sealing the anal^' opening by a balloon device to prevent any por¬ tion of this larger quantity of liquid from leaking out of the anal opening around the exterior of the liquid tube. I found that introducing liquid in this manner worked quite differently from a conventional left side down enema procedure in many respects. Firstly, initially liquid does not cleanse the descending colon as well as the left side down procedure since gases will now have risen to and collected at the "top" of the descending colon ("top" meaning the uppermost part when the patient is on his right side) and the liquid solution entering the colon will pass beneath these gases. But when the liqui then reaches the splenic flexure it easily runs down the transverse colon, easily displacing gases therein which further collect in the descending colon. Soon the liqui fills the ascending colon. This, to my knowledge, was the first time that anyone had utilized an enema solutio in such a manner as to completely fill the ascending col A point is soon reached when the colon is essentially completely full of fecal matter, gases and liquid through out its entire length, whereupon it begins to enlarge or "distend", i.e. stretch, and since it is full throughout its length, this stretching will take place completely from one end to the other end, i.e. from the anal opening to the cecum. Such stretching will cause the walls of th colon to detach from the stool and mucus attached thereto which of course do not stretch along with the colon walls I have further found that best results are achieved by combining this distention with an agitating washing action, preferably employing mechanical agitation. This is preferably accomplished by rolling the patient to the left side down position and possibly back to the right side down position, and possibly repeating this procedure several times. This causes the liquid in the ascending and transverse colons partially to flow back through the transverse colon, displacing the gas in the descending colon which now moves back up the transverse colon, the effect of this being to permit the liquid to contact the entire inner lining of the colon, while agitating same, along the entire inner surface of the colon. Summarizing the colon is distended to some extent, causing an initial separation of the colon from the attached mucus and stool material, and in this state the entire inner lining of the colon may be washed and concurrently mechanically agitated. The stool and mucus, thus separated, are more readily capable of being expelled.

OM ^WI In carrying out the present invention, I would pre¬ ferably use a liquid solution containing a lubricant, pre¬ ferably castile soap. As is- known, Castile soap assists in softening and fragmenting the stool. The soap also lubricates the fecal matter and the lining, thus facili¬ tating expulsion of the fecal matter. What is new, however, is that prior to the present invention, the advantages of such a lubricant were realized only with respect to the descending colon, whereas utilizing the present invention, these advantages are experienced throughout the entire length of the colon. Additionally, the ability of this lubricant to stimulate contractions of the colon can now be experienced throughout the entire length of the colon, in cooperation with the above described distention of the entire colon, thus for the first time providing means for cooperatively distending and contracting the entire colon, throughout its length, with its attendant increased ability to expel all solid and gaseous material through¬ out the entire length of the colon. I have further discovered that my new technique is enhanced by including a laxative in the liquid solution, and as a result thereof I have discovered a new way to administer a laxative. Heretofore, either laxatives and/ or adequate volumes of water have been taken orally. The delay in gastric emptying and the variable small intestinal transit time and absorption make the results unpredictable and uncontrollable. A laxative can have no .effect or can cause violent purging, resulting in severe proctitis, and exacerbation of hemorrhoids occurs, and there is a risk of perforating a diseased colon. Moreover, what does arrive at the colon arrives only at the cecum. If the patient has hard, impacted fecal material in his trans¬ verse colon and/or descending colon, the laxative action in the ascending colon can be disadvantageous and indeed extremely dangerous since it can perform its function at that location but be insufficient to break the impaction in the downstream areas, resulting only in painful cramping, exhaustion and dehydration of the patient, not

OMPI to mention the imbalancing of the patient's electrolytes. Another recently developed technique has been to place a laxative in a container having 37 cc of an aqueous ene solution and to introduce such solution into only the lowest 10 cm or so of the colon including essentially th anal canal and the rectum.

A discovery of the present invention is that my technique of completely filling and distending the colon with enema solution can further encompass the inclusion therein of a laxative material, whereby for the first time such laxative material can be uniformly and reliabl carried directly to the entire mucosa of the colon from the. anal opening to the cecum, uniformly contacting the mucosa over its entire length as the mucosa distends and separates from the fecal material located therein under the force of the liquid completely filling the colon, thereby avoiding the delays and other disadvantages of orally taken laxatives. Never prior to this invention, to my knowledge, has there been any method or procedure for carrying a laxative ingredient directly and uniformly to the entire length of the colon as is accomplished in the manner expressed above. An additional advantage of applying a laxative to the entire colon in this manner is that if a pool of fluid remains in any segment of the colon, after the first defecation session, the correc concentration of laxative is present in the fluid and provides a continuous stimulation to that segment of the colon, resulting in complete expulsion of the contents of the colon. Contrasting this with the use of a non- laxative liquid solution, if a pool then remains at any location in the colon, since it does not contain laxative to stimulate expulsion, there is thus incomplete expulsio of the contents of the colon.

Another feature of the present invention is the pro- vision of an enema solution containing both a soap for providing lubricating properties and a laxative ingredien One laxative ingredient which I have found to be advanta¬ geous for this purpose is non-soluble Bisacodyl carried i an aqueous suspension. The use of soap and Bisacodyl solution is safer than water enemas since it is more nearly isotonic (the same osmotic pressure as the tissues and hence will not be ab¬ sorbed) thereby avoiding fluid and electrolyte imbalance risks which occur with respect to water enemas. The soap and Bisacodyl are much safer than oral laxatives and oral purgatives.

As described above, the present system and technique employs an inflatable balloon at the end of the enema solu- tion tube to hold in the necessary volume of liquid solu¬ tion. Such a balloon has the additional advantage in the present invention of permitting the patient to relax, thereby relaxing the abdominal wall muscles and allowing greater and more comfortable distention of the colon throughout its length and hence stimulating better con¬ tractions. However, such balloons do present certain problems, solutions to which form a part of the present invention. When inflating the balloon there is no way to visually observe the size of the balloon within the patient. It has been known and documented that in numer¬ ous cases a balloon has become overinflated and,especially in the case of a diseased colon, has ruptured the colon, resulting ultimately in the death of the patient. At¬ tempts to limit the amount of air inflated into such a balloon have included a small puffer of a known size and capable of a single puff. However, such devices are unreliable since they do not take into account the resi¬ dual air present in a balloon prior to inflation and they do not measure exactly the volume of air injected. Moreover, at best such devices provide only an upper limit, i.e. they do not permit complete control over the volume of air in the balloon at all times.

In accordance with another feature of the present invention, I have provided a technique for absolutely con- trolling the volume of air within the balloon at all times. Such arrangement includes attaching the conduit which leads to the balloon to one end of a conventional syringe with calibrated markings thereon. The conduit should pre- ΕE OMPI ferably include a spring loaded one-way valve normally closing this conduit but opened by the end of the cali¬ brated syringe when it is attached to the conduit. If the balloon is of the type having residual air therein, then the syringe can be applied and the piston therein withdrawn to completely evacuate the balloon. This of course has the advantage of providing a minimal size of the balloon to facilitate insertion of the tube and ballo within the patient. The calibrated syringe would then be separated from the conduit (closing the valve) after which the piston therein would be reset back to its rearwardmost position, after which the calibrated syringe would be reconnected to the conduit, opening the valve, and the piston moved within the syringe by an amount posi tively known by observing the calibrated markings, whereb the operator could very closely control and visually observe the precise volume of air delivered to the balloo and therefore the size of the balloon. Indeed, as has not been possible heretofore, with this technique, the operator can increase or decrease the size of a balloon already in a patient by precisely determined amounts, to alleviate pain or otherwise meet changing conditions, all the time having complete knowledge of the volume of air in the balloon and therefore the size of the balloon. Another characteristic of balloons as have been used heretofore for holding tubes within patients is that they are subjected to asymmetrical and significant forces tend to tilt the balloon and otherwise pull it up into the rectum whereby it will not perform its sealing function. In the past, balloons have been stabilized in place by pulling on the enema tube or by means of a bar, disc or the like located on the tube outside of the patient and exerting a force on the balloon holding it down into sealing contact with the rectum adjacent the anal canal. However, these bars, discs and the like have tended to be inadequate since they have not in all cases perfectly adapted to different size patients. Also, a bar or the like extending essentially fore and aft will not prevent tilting of the balloon about the fore and aft axis of the patient and hence will not completely stabilize the balloon in place. These disadvantages are overcome in accordance with the feature of the present invention whereby a hard or firm oval.or circular disc is atttached to the tube at a location farther from the balloon then will be desirable for any given patient but arranged such that it can slide in only one direction, namely towards the balloon. In combination therewith, the tube can have indicia thereon marking positions for different size patients, i.e. one for a very thin patient, one for a normal patient and one for a heavy patient. Then, after the balloon has been inflated within the patient, and pulled down snugly over the lower opening of the rectum, the disc can be slid toward the balloon, stopping at the appropriate marker, whereat it will prevent the balloon from moving up away from the lower opening of the rectum.

As another feature of the invention, the disc can be connected with suitable straps, one in the rear and two in the front, each off center to pass to each side of the genitals, for connection to a waistband or the like on the patient, thereby preventing involuntary expulsion of the balloon and tube. The disc with the straps attached thereby stablizes the balloon against movement in either direction, i.e. in or out.

A system for^•carrying out the present method will further include a bag for holding the enema solution and a tube leading from the bag and to which the balloon would be attached for insertion into a patient. The bag should of course be of a large enough size to hold the desired quantity of enema solution which can desirably be as high as 3000 cc. Such bags have been used heretofore for barium enemas since barium fills the entire colon.. How- ever, bags intended for cleansing the colon have of course not been of this size. The tube leading from the bag to the patient must be of the smaller size conventionally used for enema solutions and not of the much larger type

OMPI used heretofore for barium enemas. One reason for this that the thicker barium tubes are required because of the heavy density of the barium^" aterial. However, enem solutions are essentially aqueous solutions which are much less dense than a barium enema. A smaller size tub is required to restrict the rate of liquid flow there¬ through to an appropriate rate. It has been found for example that too rapid a flow of liquid into the colon will tend to distend the colon walls very rapidly, thus causing pain to the patient. It has been found that pai is sensed not by the extent of distention of the colon walls, since full distention will merely give a sensation of fullness, not pain, but rather, by the rate of dis¬ tending, or stretching. Another feature of my invention is to provide the liquid tube with a smooth rounded tip with small openings on the side. With such a tube, insertion is safer and more comfortable, avoiding injury to the anus or anterior wall of the rectum, or perforation of the rectum wall, as -could more likely occur with a flat tip. Also it is less likely that the side holes would occlude with feces. Another advantageous feature of the present invention is the limitation on the length of tube from the enema solution bag to the patient. Prior enema kits include a tube approximately 60 inches or 150 cm in length, which, if fully extended, subjects a patient's rectum to the considerable pressure of 150 cm of water, which is unnece sary in most cases and very dangerous in that it can caus rupture of a weak or diseased colon, and in fact has done so in some documented cases, resulting in the death of the patient. As a safety factor, therefore, I would limi the length of the tube to approximately 25-30 inches or 60-75 cm since this provides an adequate pressure head, without the attendant dangers of too great a head. T e balloon used in the present invention should pre¬ ferably be of a type having a large dimension perpendicu¬ lar to the wall of the tube as compared with its dimensio parallel to the axis of the tube. Such a balloon, howeve is necessarily of the type having a residual quantity of air in the balloon even in its most relaxed condition. In accordance with the present invention, such a more desirable balloon can be utilized, notwithstanding the residual air, by combi^'ning.same with the above described calibrated syringe and valve arrangement since the latter can be used to completely evacuate even this residual air.

A patient will always have an urge to completely expel any device held within his anal opening, such as the tube and balloon. I have successfully prevented such expulsion by. various means including straps attached to the disc as described above. As another advantageous feature of the present colon cleansing system and tech¬ nique, I have provided a device which causes the patient's buttocks to be squeezed together along the mid-plane and against the perineum of the patient and held in that position while the balloon is in place in the patient. In accordance with the present invention, this device is so constructed that it can be applied to the patient after the liquid introduction tube and its balloon have been inserted into the patient and so as not to interfere therewith. In accordance with a preferred arrangement, this device comprises a band which wraps around the patient and which includes straps at its ends which can be sequen- tially connected, starting from the bottom and working upwardl .

The specific manner of applying the method of the present invention will vary for different situations and different patients. However, briefly summarizing the method of the present invention for a typical patient wherein it is required to cleanse the entire colon, but wherein the patient has no highly specific problem asso¬ ciated with the colon such as a diseased or weak colon or the like, such a general procedure would be as follows. The bag would first of all be filled with a suitable volume of liquid solution, for example approximately 2000 to 3000 cc of a castile soap aqueous solution having therein approximately 10 to 20 mg, or more, of Bisacodyl

__ OMPI_ ^T^WIP°^~ •_ in aqueous suspension. This bag would also have asso¬ ciated with it a liquid tube leading therefrom with a suitable clamp thereon and at the end thereof a balloon adapted to be inflated at a later time within the patien and an oval disc adapted to be moved up against the patient. The patient would then be placed on his right side. A syringe would be connected to the conduit leadi to the balloon to withdraw residual air, thereby com¬ pletely collapsing the balloon. Standing in front of th patient, the nurse would then insert the end of the tube and the balloon into the patient's^' anal opening and the calibrated syringe would be moved a specific amount, as observed on the calibrated markings on the syringe to inflate the balloon to a precise predetermined size. Th disc located on the tube is slid therealong to secure th tube and balloon in place in the patient. If the patien is of the type which might expel the balloon, straps or the device for squeezing the buttocks together and against the perineum can then be applied if desired, to keep the tube and balloon in place in the patient. The clamp is then opened, peirmitting the liquid solution to flow through the tube and into the patient. The liquid at this time has a sufficient head to flow "uphill" (with the patient on its right side) along the rectum an sigmoid and along the descending colon. The liquid then flows downwardly along the transverse colon, displacing upwardly to the descending colon any gases located there¬ in. The liquid then continues its movement along the ascending colon to the cecum. After liquid has reached the cecum, thereby filling the colon (i.e. filling the interstices in the colon between the pieces of stool, and not taken up by gas in the colon) , the next phase is entered, whereby this liquid tends to distend the lining of the colon which has the capability of stretching, said action thereby separating the lining from the fecal material located therein by shearing forces since the fec material does not stretch. If the rate of flow of the liquid into and through the colon is kept at a relatively

OMP

Λ- IP slow rate, the distention of the colon will not be too fast, and consequently the patient will feel only a sen¬ sation of fullness, but not pain. This separation of the colon from the fecal material therein tends to expose the surface of the mucosa to the liquid which has been in¬ troduced. Hence the laxative ingredient included therein can now reach the entire lining of the colon in a uniform manner not possible with any other procedure of which I am aware. The liquid is held in the patient for a short period of time. Although the emphasis of my method is "right side down" during insertion, during the holding period the patient will preferably be rolled several times to a left side down position to detach stool and mucus and to permit the liquid to move into those portions of .the descending colon where gases may still be located to permit the liquid solution, including the laxative ingredient therein, to contact the mucosa in those por¬ tions. The patient is then taken to a suitable recept¬ acle, the balloon is deflated, any straps or devices squeezing the buttocks together are released, the tube is removed and the patient at this time can expel the entire contents of the colon including all of the liquid and all of the solid material and gases therein.

As noted in the preceding paragraph I have found it advantageous for the nurse to stand in front of the patient as contrasted to the conventional technique of standing behind the patient. In front the nurse can observe the patient's reactions more accurately and communicate with the patient more effectively than if standing behind the patient. Also the nurse, standing in front, need not lose contact with the patient when assisting the patient off of the bed and to the potty chair or toilet. Otherwise, if standing behind the patient, the nurse would have to leave the patient's side and move around the foot of the bed to the other side to assist the patient. Finally it is much safer for the nurse to stand in front of the patient as it eliminates the possibility of the nurse being soiled by feces as could

^•<&JRE OMPI

Λ. WIPO « . RNAll occur if the nurse were standing behind the patient and the patient involuntarily expelled the balloon.

Tests to date indicate that the single procedure is effective to remove more than 95% of the fecal material and- gas in over 95% of the cases tested. If removal of more nearly 100% of the fecal material is desired for any reason, the entire procedure can be quickly and easily repeated as often as necessary. The present concept of cleansing the entire colon in a single procedure has the advantages, as compared to the conventional enema, of avoiding the risks, humiliation, embarrassment and the indignity of multiple enemas and the humiliation, embarrassment and indignity of the unpredictable results of laxatives given orally. Moreover, precisely because the entire colon is cleansed, leaving no feces in the as¬ cending or transverse colons, fecal impaction is prevente as are the dangers of repeated digital fragmentation of impacted feces, and its associated humiliation and embar¬ rassment. Also eliminated is the humiliation, embarrass- ment and indignity of accidental bed soiling (a) due to leakage of the enema liquid during the conventional enema procedure, this being prevented by the use of a balloon, and (b) due to subsequent involuntary expulsion of fecal matter, especially in the case of fecally in- continent patients, this being prevented by the fact that the entire colon was cleansed in the first place. More¬ over, the risk of infection from soiling of the patient, the bed linen and the nurse with feces is minimized. Additionally there are the significant cost savings since a colon can be completely cleansed in a single hour rather than by an 18 hour overnight program. Less person nel time and less equipment are required. The costs of changing and laundering soiled bed linen and bathing the patient are virtually eliminated. Hence, it is an object of the present invention to provide a new and improved system and technique for cleansing the colon.

It is another object of the present invention to pro¬ vide a new system and technique for cleansing the colon wherein the entire colon can be cleansed in a single operation.

It is another object of this invention to provide a new material as a vehicle and a new system for carrying a laxative ingredient uniformly to the entire lining of the colon.

It is another object of this invention to provide a new system and method for safely inflating a balloon adapted to hold a tube in the anal opening of a patient. It is another object of the present invention to pro¬ vide a new device for positively holding a tube and its inflatable balloon within a patient by. moving the patient's buttocks together and against the patient's perineum.

It is still another object of this invention to pro- vide a new and novel system for carrying out the above ob¬ jects, which system is new, and which includes a number of separate integers which work with each other, many of which integers are themselves new.

These and other objects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the detailed descrip¬ tion to follow.

Brief Description Of Drawings

There follows a detailed description of preferred embodiments of the invention to be read together with the accompanying drawings wherein:

Figure 1 is a schematic view showing certain elements arranged for use in accordance with the system and method of the present invention.

Figure 2 is an enlarged view of a portion of Figure 1, with certain elements shown in cross-section.

Figure 3 is a sectional view taken along line 3-3 of Figure 2.

Figure 4 is an enlarged view showing another portion of Figure 1 with certain portions thereof shown in cross- section.

Figures 5A, 5B and 5C are enlarged views of the bal¬ loon of Figures 1-3, but showing different inflated positions thereof.

Figure 6 illustrates a device laid out flat to be us for squeezing together the patient's buttocks.

Figure 7 illustrates the device of Figure 6 on a patient, seen from the rear.

Figure 8 illustrates the device of Figure 6, on a patient, and viewed from the left side.

Figures 9A through 9E are schematic drawings of a human colon and illustrating the functioning thereof und different conditions.

Figure 9A illustrates the colon filled with solid waste material and gases prior to any cleansing.

Figure 9B illustrates the functioning of a colon using a conventional enema procedure. Figures 9C through 9E illustrate the functioning of a colon when cleansed in accordance with the present invention.

_^^^0 E

OMP Detailed Description

There follows a detailed description of the pre¬ ferred method and system of the present invention. Whenever, in this discussion, reference is made to the drawings, like elements are represented by like numerals throughout the several views.

Referring now to Figures 1 through 5, there is shown and described those elements which comprise the system or apparatus for carrying out my new colon cleansing tech- nique.

The system 10 would include a solution bag 11 for storage of cleansing. solution. The bag would be of a con¬ ventional character and in fact can be of the type now sold by Bard, except that it would have a larger volume, for example a volume of over 2000 cc, and preferably 2500 or 3000 cc. Such a bag would be provided with graduations 12 and an opening 13 at the upper end, such as an unscrew- able watertight cap for introducing liquid into the bag. A suitable aperture 14 may be provided at the very top for hanging the bag on a hook in use.

At its lower end, the bag 11 would include a connec¬ tion 15 to a tube 16 for delivering the liquid solution to the patient. The tube would include a suitable clamp 25 thereon. It is important that the tube 16 be of a type and size appropriate for delivering an aqueous liquid so¬ lution to the patient, as contrasted with other types of tubes which are larger and stiffer for delivering thicker liquids such as barium enemas. One suitable tube for this purpose has an inside diameter of 3/16 of an inch and an outside diameter of 1/4 inch, leaving a thickness of 1/16 of an inch. The thickness may preferably vary in the range between 1/32 of an inch and 1/16 of an inch. There are several reasons for preferring, if not requiring a tube of a suitable type. Firstly, if it is preferred to use a tube which extends more than a minimal distance be¬ yond the balloon (such as balloon 18. to be described in . greater detail below) , then that end of the tube will engage the inside wall of the rectum as it is inserted therein, and unless it is soft enough and thin enough to bend up within the rectum, the tube may cause injury to the wall of the rectum and pain or injury to the prostate (in a male) or cervix (in a female) located. immediately therebeyond. Secondly, a small inside diameter tube is required for the proper rate of liquid flow. Pain is caused in the patient not by the insertion of a large quantity of liquid (this will only provide a sensation of fullness) but by a rapid introduction of such liquid which results in excessively rapid distension and stretch¬ ing of the lining and wall of the colon. This is espe- cially important in cases where there is an obstruction or a diseased colon which might be friable and tear eas¬ ily. A torn colon can result in infection and death.

Another advantageous characteristic of the tube 16 is its length which heretofore has been provided in most enema kits approximately 60 inches long, which length is unnecessary and dangerous in that it makes possible the placing of the bag a full 60 inches above the patient, thus providing a pressure or head equal to 60 inches of water felt by the patient. This is excessive, unneces- sary, and can cause rupture of the colon, especially in the case of an aged or diseased colon. Hence, a feature of the present invention is that the tube 16 is limited to approximately 30 inches or 60-75 cm, thereby acting as a safety measure preventing the bag from being placed at too great a height above the patient.

The end of the tube remote from the bag is shown in Figure 1 and associated elements thereof are shown in greater detail in Figures 2 and 3. The remote end 17 is preferably a solid rounded end with a pair of openings 17a and 17b on the side thereof. The smooth rounded tip is safer to insert past the delicate anal tissues and is less likely to damage the anterior (front) wall of the rectum. Also, the side holes on the tip are less likely to occlude with fecal matter. Referring to these figures, near the remote end 17 of the tube 16, there is provided an inflatable balloon 18, which balloon is deflated com¬ pletely during insertion, and then inflated after being inserted, said balloon located at the lower end of the

-g,U EA rectum, thereby holding the liquid in the colon. In order to prevent injury to the patient, it is important that the amount of air delivered to the balloon 18 be carefully controlled. One way to accomplish this is to make the balloon out of a flexible non-stretchable mate¬ rial, thereby limiting its maximum size. This arrange¬ ment has the advantage of absolutely limiting the maxi¬ mum size of the balloon, thereby positively preventing overinflation. However, such embodiment does not permit inflation of the balloon by varying amounts. Accordingly, to provide such absolute control of balloon 18 by dif¬ ferent amounts, the conduit 21 leading to the balloon 18 is connected via a valve 22 to a piston and cylinder type syringe 23, to be described in greater detail below. Referring to Figures 2 and 3, there is also shown a limiting means 19 in the form of a disc. This disc 19 may be necessary for at least two reasons. Firstly, in practice the end 17 of the tube and the balloon 18 may be subjected to varying asymmetrical forces tending to tilt the balloon, pulling it out of sealing contact with the walls of the rectum at the lower end thereof. Hence, to stabilize the balloon and maintain it in place to assure a good seal preventing fluids from passing between the exterior of the balloon and the walls of the rectum and anal canal, the disc 19 would be moved up against the exterior of the patient's anal opening and pressed there- against. Contrary to some previous limiting means used heretofore, I have found that stabilization of the balloon

18 is best achieved by the use of a generally circular, preferably oval, disc shape limiting means. A feature of the present invention is a construction whereby the disc

19 can be moved in one direction only and positively pre¬ vented against movement in the other direction, so that it can for example be slid to different positions, indi- cated as A, B and C at the graduations 20 in Figure 2, to represent a heavy person, a normal person, and a thin per¬ son, respectively, the disc being so constructed that after moved to such positions; it cannot be moved back.

While many different constructions can achieve this pose, such as ridges with one sloped side and one narrow side, in the drawings I have shown attached to the disc 1 a sleeve 24 of for example a flexible plastic material extending for a distance relatively large as compared wit the thickness of disc 19, such that movement of disc 19 to the right would be possible, but movement of the disc to the left would exert on the sleeve 24 frictional force too great to be overcome with reasonable or usual forces. To positively prevent expulsion of the tube and balloon 18, loops 30, 30a and 30b could be provided on the disc 19, each having attached thereto suitable straps 31, 31a and 31b, respectively, to be attached to a suit- • able waistband on the patient.

Referring to Figures 2 and 5, the balloon 18 is pre- ferably of such a shape that when inflated it extends out wardly for a relatively large distance as compared for example to its dimension parallel to the axis of tube 16. There are.two reasons for this. Firstly, such a shape minimizes the distance which the balloon, in its collapse condition, must pass up into the anal canal before it is properly inserted. Secondly, such a balloon would pro vide a smaller volume, and hence a smaller surface area against which can act those muscles of the patient tend¬ ing to expel the device. One disadvantage of such a balloon, however, is that in its natural, completely relaxed state it would tend to include residual air there in which should preferably be removed during insertion of the tube and balloon. However, complete exacuation of even this type of balloon is possible with the use of a piston and cylinder syringe control device and valve to be described below.

Referring to Figure 4, the end of the conduit 21 in¬ cludes a one-way valve 22 having a valve element 51 sprin biased by a spring 54 into the closed condition wherein a surface 52 thereof firmly seats against a valve seat 53. The spring 54 rests at its other end against an open cage 55. Λ calibrated piston and cylinder syringe is provided for cooperating therewith. This device includes a cy¬ linder 40 having a piston rod 41 extending therethrough

- GRE with a piston 42 at the end thereof, which piston seal- ingly engages the inside wall of cylinder 40. On its side, the cylinder includes calibrated markings 49 for positively indicating the precise volume of air which has been introduced into and/or removed from the balloon 18 via conduit 21. Cylinder 40 includes a finger grip portion 48 and the piston rod 41 terminates at its outer end at a thumb push 47. In a manner which is known with respect to syringes, the operator would engage the por- tion 47 with the thumb and hold the finger grip portions 48 with the first two fingers of that hand. At its other end, the cylinder 40 includes a sealing flange 43 and the end would be closed by a structure including a raised central boss 44 with a fluid opening 45 passing there- through. In practice, the end of the syringe would be engaged with the end of the conduit 21, whereby, end 56 of the conduit would pass into the annular recess 46 between the boss 44 and the flange 43, thereby providing an air tight seal while the boss 44 engaged element 51, pushing it to the right, and unseating the valve. With this arrangement, the conduit 21 would then be closed at all times except when engaged by the syringe 23, at which time the valve would be opened for air flow in either direction. The provision of a calibrated piston and cylinder syringe, and the use thereof for inflating a balloon in the present invention provides significant advantages. It permits the operator to accurately control the precise size of the balloon, which control is not otherwise possi- ble since the balloon is not visible during the filling procedure. Heretofore, various devices such as limited capacity "puffers" have been used which provide a maximum quantity of air to the balloon to prevent overinflation. However, even these have not provided a way to precisely and visually measure the volume of air thus delivered to

- the balloon, and such previous means did not provide a way to precisely and exactly change the volume of the balloon after it has once been inflated with complete knowledge as to the amount of air added or removed. Hence,

- T E the operator is then able to precisely control the size the balloon for different size patients and for differen conditions within a given patient as well as positively protect against overinflation which could rupture the colon and kill the patient.

It is important that the valve mechanism positively be closed to prevent leakage from the balloon and to be positively opened for desired air flow through the con- - duit 21 in either direction. Only in this manner can th precise volume of air introduced be known as otherwise (for example if the valve were a one-way check valve opened by air pressure introduced into the balloon) the air would compress before opening the valve so that the operator would not have an accurate visual indication of the volume of air introduced.

Another feature of the present invention is the liquid solution-to be used. Preferably the solution wil be a known concentration soapy aqueous solution includin approximately 20 cc of castile soap, or known additional volume of soap as required, in a volume of 1500 cc to 2000 cc of water with the addition thereto of a non- soluble laxative in aqueous suspension. In practice, I have found it desirable to include such a laxative in a concentration suitable for a particular patient's pro- blems. In most cases I have found it suitable to add th laxative in an amount between .006 and .015 mg per cc of solution, although for different situations even this range could vary. I believe the provision of a castile soap solution with a laxative ingredient in suspension is new. Further, I believe the present invention includes new vehicle for introducing such a laxative ingredient t the patient, namely by applying it in a procedure which completely fills and distends the colon, thereby carryin the laxative ingredient in a single step uniformly to th entire surface of the colon from the anal opening all th way to the cecum.

Another feature of the present invention is a means for squeezing the patient's buttocks together and agains the perineum to prevent involuntary premature expulsion

_/^Ϊ of the balloon 18 and the liquid contained in the colon. Referring to Figures 6 through 8, and first to Figure 6, there is shown a band 60 having a right side 62 and a left side 63. Figure 6 views the outer side of the device, i.e., the side which would face away from the patient, when the device is in use. The left and right sides join along a front portion which is narrower than the remainder of the device so as not to inhibit the patient's bending his legs at the hips. When applied to the patient (in the manner as described below) , the left and right sides must be rig¬ idly attached together, as shown. However, for providing a quick release after the patient is finished with it, the left and right sides may be connected together at the front by a suitable quick release connection; In the preferred embodiment, this quick release means would comprise an overlapping Velcro connection, i.e., an extension 62a of the right side could comprise a felt pad which would be engaged by a Velcro hook pad on an extension 63a of left side 62. For a quick release, one would simply grab the end 61 of 63a and strip 63a from 62a. It will be apparent that other quick release means such as buckles, snaps or the like can be provided. The device includes a plurality of straps 67, 69 and 71 on the right side each having at its outer end a felt pad 68, 70 and 72, respectively (these pads are on the opposite side and hence not visible in Figure 6) . Between the planes of these straps there are provided Velcro hook pads 64, 65 and 66. On the left side there are provided further series of straps 75, 77 and 79, each with a similar felt pad 76, 78 and 80, respectively. While the pad 78 is not visible, the pads 76 and 80 are visible since the ends of straps 75 and 79 have been turned back. Also included are Velcro hook pads 72, 73 and 74 located between the planes of the straps 75, 77 and 79. It will be observed that the three straps onea'ch side are spaced vertically from the planes of the three straps on the other side, and each of the six straps in fact lines up horizontally with a Velcro hook type pad on the opposite side. ^• In operation of the device 60, the tube 16 with balloon 18 would first be inserted. Referring to Figure 7, the attendant would then apply device 60 by wrapping the device 60 around the patient, at first with none of the ^'straps attached but with 62a and 63a secured togethe To squeeze the buttocks together it is preferable to start from the bottom and work up. The operator would grap the two straps 71 and 79 and pull them tightly to the left and right, respectively, attaching the strap 71 by connecting the felt pad 72 to the Velcro hook pad 74. The operator would then grab the two straps 79 and 69 an pull them to the right and left, respectively, attaching the pad 80 to the Velcro hook pad 66. This process woul be repeated until all of the straps were attached in this manner. While Velcro attachments are preferable, it will be apparent that other types of attaching means such as belt buckles and the like will also be operable in carry¬ ing out the present invention. With the tube 16, and bal¬ loon 18 and device 60 in place, the attendant would infla the balloon and pull it down snugly against the lower end of the rectum adjacent the anal canal. The friction be¬ tween the tube 16 and the straps which it engages (69 and 79 in Figures 7 and 8) will hold the balloon down into sealing engagement with the lower end of the rectum, thus performing the function ascribed above to disc 19, stabi¬ lizing the balloon in a fluid sealing position, in addi¬ tion to its function of preventing involuntary expulsion of the balloon and tube.

The method of the present invention and the operatio of the above described system for carrying out the pur¬ poses of the invention is as follows. The method will be better understood with reference to Figures 9A through 9E Figure 9A illustrates the entire colon with the parts labeled, such labels followed with such representative letters which are those letters used in subsequent Figure

9B through 9E. Figure 9A illustrates a colon filled with solid waste material, i.e., unloosened fecal matter and gas. The figure is intended to illustrate that the gas pockets can actually be located randomly at different_^-yr-, locations although obviously as the patient moves to dif¬ ferent positions, the gas will tend to rise to a high point.

Figure 9B illustrates the application of a conven- tional left side down enema to the colon filled as shown in Figure 9A, and in particular it illustrates the colon after all of the liquid solution, usually between 500 cc and 1000 cc has been introduced into the patient's colon. In Figure 9A the unloosened fecal matter was particularly difficult to move because it would tend to stick to the inside lining of the colon. In Figure 9B the liquid moves along the side of the rectum, down the sigmoid and along the bottom of the descending colon (i.e, "bottom" as shown in Figure 9B) . The only portions of the colon lining which have been "washed", i.e. which have been sub¬ jected to- the action of liquid in motion are the "lower" portions of the rectum and descending colon as shown in Figure 9B with the wide gray border. The upper surfaces of the rectum and descending colon, as shown in Figure 9B, may or may not have been washed, depending on the quantity of gas existing therein and possibly blocking contact of the liquid with., those wall portions. However, the liquid cannot rise upwardly in the transverse colon. Firstly, it would have to oppose gravity just to travel in that direc- tion. Secondly, gases which may have been located in the descending colon will now form a rather substantial gas lock. The body of solid fecal matter and the large gas lock tend to form a "wall" identified generally by the letter w in the figure. The liquid introduced in this manner may cause some distention in the wall of the rectum, sigmoid and descending colon, but not beyond those parts. If additional liquid is introduced, it will tend to .leak outwardly around the tube and through the anal opening as shown by the arrow in the figure. Since under no circum- stances can this liquid pass the area of the splenic flex- ture and rise in the transverse colon, the transverse and ascending colons will remain filled no matter how many enemas are given (and it is a common practice to give multiple enemas) . Indeed, Figure 9B illustrates the fallacy in believing that the colon is clean when, after a number of enemas, the solution runs out "clear". This would most likely indicate that only the rectum, sigmoid and descending colon have been cleansed, and that the liquid in the area of the splenic flexture, being blocked by the gas body in this area, simply did not touch the solid fecal matter in the transverse colon and ascending colon. Hence, the liquid would of course run out "clear" When the left side down conventional procedure has been completed, the entire mass in the ascending and tran verse colon must then be cleaned by oral laxatives with all of their attendant disadvantages as discussed above o remain in the colon to harden or "impact" or soil the bed if the patient is fecally incontinent.

Figures 9C through 9E illustrate the functioning of the colon in the operation of the present invention.

With clamp 25 closing tube 16, an appropriate volume of liquid solution would be introduced through opening 13 into bag 11. The balloon 18 would then be completely eva uated. Referring to Figures 5A through 5C, Figure 5A illustrates the balloon in its completely inflated condi¬ tion and Figure 5B illustrates the balloon in its complet ly relaxed condition. However, the residual air still located therein should preferably be removed prior to in¬ sertion of the tube. For this purpose the conduit 21 can be connected to the syringe 2-3 and the piston 42 withdraw thereby evacuating the balloon 18 as shown in Figure 5C. The syringe would then be disconnected from the valve 22, permitting the valve to close, and the piston 42 would th be pulled back enough to provide precisely the desired amount of air to inflate balloon 18 which might be for example 60 or 120 cc. With the attendant preferably standing in front of the patient, the tube is then insert ed into the patient. If the device 60 is to be used, it is applied at this time in the manner described above. With the syringe 23 attached again to the conduit 21 the piston 42 is moved forwardly, introducing precisely the

^• J correct quantity of air, e.g. 60 cc to 120 cc, the exact amount being visually observed by noting the calibrated markings 49 on syring 40. If device 60 has not yet been applied, the disc 19 may now be slid along tube 17 to the correct position to stabilize and secure the seal of balloon 18. To prevent expulsion of balloon 18, the straps 31, 31a and 31b could now be connected to a waist¬ band or the like on the patient. Alternatively to said straps, the device 60 could now be applied, this time serving only the function of preventing involuntary ex¬ pulsion of the balloon.

With the patient on his right side, the clamp 25 is then opened, permitting the liquid solution to flow through the tube 16. Referring to figure 9C, this quan- tity of liquid, prevented from escaping by balloon 18, flows along the rectum, up the sigmoid and along the "bottom" of the descending colon (gas having risen to the top thereof) and then down the transverse colon, displac¬ ing upwardly any gases located therein, around the hepatic flexure, and along the ascending colon to the cecum. As the liquid solution is initially being introduced, some distention may occur in the vicinity of the rectum, the sigmoid, descending, transverse and ascending colon. ^'How¬ ever, operable levels of distention throughout the colon do not occur until after a sufficient quantity of liquid has been introduced to the colon to fill the colon through¬ out its length, but for the space taken up by the solid fecal matter and gases already located therein. As shown in Figure 9C, at this time those walls bounded by the wide gray margin, namely the lowermost part of the rectum, the sigmoid, the "bottom" of the descending colon and the as¬ cending colon have most likely been contacted by a suf¬ ficient amount of liquid solution in motion to have been agitated or "washed". As distention of the walls occurs along with this washing action, the lubricating action of the castile soap in the liquid will cause the stool and mucus attached to the walls of the colon to soften, to fragment and to detach from the lining of the colon, and to become lubricated. Further, as the fecal matter or "stool" is detached, the laxative within the liquid solu¬ tion is permitted to contact the lining of the colon, causing it to contract. At this time it cannot be certai whether the entire lining of the colon has been contacted by the liquid solution. For example as shown in Figure 9 gases collected at the top of the rectum and descending colon may have prevented the liquid solution from removin fecal matter and mucus from the lining of these places. Similarly, as the liquid ran down the transverse colon, it cannot be certain whether the walls of the transverse colon were "washed" sufficiently to remove stool and mucu therefrom. To assure that the liquid "washes" and that the laxative contacts the entire surface area of the colo lining, the patient may then be rolled over to his left side,_ creating the situation shown in Figure 9D. - Now the liquid flows to the "down" side of all segments of the colon assuring contact with and washing of all areas of the lining bordered by the speckled margin in Figure 9D. The swashing action of the liquuid back and forth through the transverse colon as the patient is moved from his right side to his left side (and this action of right sid to left side may be repeated as many times as necessary) will surely have caused the necessary washing of the enti surface area of the lining of the colon with the resultan softening, fragmenting and lubricating of the attached fecal matter and the consequent contacting of the entire lining with the laxative containing liquid.

Finally, the patient will be rolled back to the righ side, as shown in Figure 9E, all lining surfaces having been contacted by the liquid so that all of the fecal matter and mucus material within the colon will have been loosened, softened, fragmented and lubricated, and the en tire lining of the colon, having been contacted with the laxative, will be capable of undergoing contraction to expel all solid liquid and gaseous materials contained therein.

The volume of liquid solution will vary depending on several factors, including the size of the patient, the amount of solid and gaseous materials already present in the colon prior to introduction of the liquid solution, and the condition of the patient's colon. For example, while I have indicated previously that the 1500 cc to 3000 cc of liquid solution would normally be used, even less than 1500 cc may be necessary to fill the colon in the case of a child, infant, or person who has had a portion of his colon removed. The advantage of bringing the laxative to the entire lining throughout the entire colon is accomplished expec- ially well in the course of the present invention. The laxative, to carry out its stimulating function, must con¬ tact the lining itself, and not merely the mucus layer on the lining. The colon cleansing technique of the present invention, with its ability to clean off the entire colon lining, assures that the mucus layer is detached along with the^' stool to thereby fully expose the lining itself to the laxative. It was suggested above that the patient be rolled to the left side to provide further agitation to enhance "washing" of the walls of the colon and thereby better effect detachment of the stool and mucus from the lining. However, such agitation can be carried out in other ways. For example direct in and out motion of the anterior abdom¬ inal wall can be provided by direct hand pressure or by a vibrator placed against the abdominal wall. Also liquid can be moved in and out of the colon by having the fluid located in the colon connected through the tube to a fluid column which can then be raised or lowered, resulting in the fluid being introduced into and temporarily removed from the colon. Alternatively, the balloon 18 can be slightly inflated and deflated at proper frequency to cause a wave or churning action of the liquid in the colon. Or alternatively ultra sound procedures can be utilized to effect agitation by vibration, for example by having the liquid run through the tube and to a fluid column which can be acted upon.

^IJREΛ Whatever mechanical agitation is used, when it is c pleted, the patient is taken to a proper receptacle, the device 60, if used, is released by uncoupling extension from 62a, the balloon 18 is fully deflated and removed w the tube 16, and at this time the patient can expel the entire contents of the colon.

Although the invention has been described in consid erable detail with respect to a preferred embodiment the of and a preferred operation thereof, it will be apparen that the invention is capable of numerous modifications and variations which will be apparent to those skilled i the art.

Claims

I CLAIM:

1. A method of cleansing the entire colon of a patent comprising the steps of: inserting into the patient's rectum through the anal opening a tube having an inside diameter of appro¬ priate size for the flow therethrough of an aqueous liquid solution and having thereon near the end thereof an in¬ flatable balloon in a collapsed condition, inflating the balloon sufficiently to seal the anal canal around the tube by injecting fluid into the balloon by the use of an inflating device located outside of the patient and leading via a conduit to the balloon, placing the patient on the patient's right side, and with the patient thus positioned on the right side, intro- ducing into the patient through the tube an aqueous lubri¬ cant containing liquid solution, continuing to introduce said liquid solution until the solution flows through the descending colon, the trans¬ verse colon and the ascending colon to the cecum, applying a volume of said liquid solution sufficient to substantially fill the entire colon, except for the space already taken up therein by fecal matter and gases, distending the wall of the colon throughout its length and thus loosening the fecal matter throughout the entire length of the colon from the rectum to and including the ascending colon, holding the full introduced volume of said liquid solution in the patient for a limited period of time to per¬ mit interaction of the liquid solution with the fecal matter and wall of the colon over the entire length of the colon, an deflating the balloon and removing the tube and balloon to permit the patient to expel the liquid solution and fecal matter from substantially the full length of the patient's colon.

2. A method according to Claim 1, wherein the lubricant is soap and wherein the liquid solution further contains a laxative therein.

-^O E ^

3. A method according to Claim 2, wherein the introduci step includes introducing said solution with the laxativ being non-soluble and held in suspension therein.

4. ■ A method according to Claim 3, wherein the laxative Bisacodyl.

5. A method according to Claim 4, wherein the concentra of Bisacodyl in- the solution is between .006 and .015 mg per cc.

6. A method according to Claim 2, wherein the introduci step includes introducing in the case of an adult at leas

1500 cc of solution into the patient.

7. A method according to Claim 6, wherein the laxative i held in suspension.

8. A method according to Claim 7, wherein the laxative i ■Bisacodyl in a concentration of .006 to .015 mg per cc.

9. A method according to Claim 2, wherein the inserting step includes inserting a tube having an outside diameter of approximately 1/4 inch and an inside diameter of about 3/16 inch.

10. A method according to Claim 9, and the balloon being located close to that end of the tube inserted into the patient.

11. A method according to Claim 9, and the tube being of a soft flexible material.

12. A method according to Claim 2, wherein the step of inflating the balloon includes actually observing calibra markings of a measuring device which indicates the volume of air delivered to the balloon.

13. A method according to Claim 12, wherein said observi step includes using as the said inflating device a piston and cylinder syringe with calibrated markings thereon ind cating the volume displaced and hence introduced into the balloon upon relative movement of the piston and cylinder

_.O

14. A method according to Claim 13, said inflating step further including opening a spring loaded valve in the con¬ duit between the piston and cylinder syringe and the balloon during inflation, and permitting the spring to positively close the valve after inflation.

15. A method according to Claim 14, wherein the step of operating the valve is accomplished upon engaging of the end of the piston and cylinder syringe with the valve.

16. A method according to Claim 13, said inflating step in- eluding first moving the piston in one direction relative to the cylinder to completely evacuate the balloon, and then moving the piston in the other direction relative to the cylinder to inflate the balloon.

17. A method according to Claim 2, including, after the inflating step, the step of sliding along the outside of the tube up against the exterior of the patient's anal opening, a limiting means which then holds the balloon in place to maintain a fluid tight seal between the balloon and the wall of the rectum, and which is essentially incapable of sliding back along the tube in the opposite direction.

18. A method according to Claim 17, the limiting means being a hard generally oval disc capable of sliding along the tube only toward the balloon.

19. A method according to Claim 17, wherein the tube in- eludes indicia thereon, and the sliding step includes sliding the limiting means to the proper indicia for the size of that patient.

20. A method according to Claim 17, the limiting means being a disc surrounding the tube, and including straps attached to the disc and extending two forwardly, one on each side of the front to back center line of the patient, and one rearwardly, for connection to a waist band or the like on the patient for securing the tube and balloon in place within the patient and to prevent involuntary expul- sion thereof by the patient.

21. A method according to Claim 2, said inflating step including inflating the balloon to a generally disc shap wherein the distance that the balloon extends out from t outer wall of the tube exceeds the dimension of the ball parallel to the axis of the tube.

22. A method according to Claim 2, wherein the introduc step includes holding the liquid solution in a bag havin capacity of at least 1500 cc and communicating at its lo end with the tube.

23. A method according to Claim 22, said bag having a c city of at least 2500 cc.

24. A method according to Claim 22, wherein the length the tube from the bag to its end within the patient is limited to 60 to 75 cm.

25. A method according to Claim 2, wherein the inflatin step includes observing and measuring the amount of air delivered from the inflating device into the balloon, an using a valve in the conduit between the inflating devic and the balloon, which valve is positively opened during inflation and positively closed thereafter.

26. A method according to Claim 2, including, applying a buttocks squeezing device to the patient to squeeze the patient's buttocks together and against the perineum alon the mid-plane, to hold the tube and balloon within the patient and prevent involuntary expulsion thereof.

27. A method according to Claim 26, wherein the buttock squeezing device is applied to the patient before the balloon is inflated, and wherein the buttocks squeezing device frictionally engages the tube such that after the balloon is inflated, such frictional engagement acts to hold the balloon in place to maintain a fluid tight seal between the balloon and the wall of the rectum.

28. A method according to claim 26, wherein the buttocks squeezing device is applied to the patient after the ball has been inflated.

- ^ E

OMP

29. A method according to claim 2 wherein the method fur¬ ther includes the step of having the attendant performing said steps positioned in front of the patient.

30- A method of preparing a patient for cleansing the entire colon of the patient, comprising the steps of: placing the patient on the patient's right side, placing in the patient's anal opening a tube sealed about its outer periphery and within the patient*s rectum to prevent the flow of liquid therearound, outside of the tube, and introducing through the tube and into the colon a soap containing aqueous liquid solution having a non- soluble laxative in suspension therein, and continuing to introduce said liquid solution until the liquid flows completely through the colon to the cecum in a volume sufficient to substantially fill the colon, except for the space already taken up therein by fecal matter and gases, and distending the wall of the colon hroughout its length, holding the full introduced volume of said liquid solution in the patient for a limited, period of time and moving the patient to move the liquid solution within the colon to cause interaction of the liquid solution and laxa¬ tive contained therein with the fecal matter and with the - wall of the colon over the entire length of the colon, and permitting removal of the liquid solution and fecal matter from substantially the full length of the patient's colon.

31. A method according to Claim 30, wherein the laxative is Bisacodyl.

32. A method according to Claim 31, wherein the concentra¬ tion of the Bisacodyl within the solution is .006 - .015 mg per cc of solution.

33. A liquid solution for cleaning out the colon com¬ prising castile soap in an aqueous solution with Bisacodyl held in suspension therein.

34. An enema solution according to Claim 33, including at least 20 cc of castile soap in a solution of 1500 cc.

35. A method of preparing a patient for the passage of a liquid through a tube located in the patient's anal canal comprising the steps of: taking a tube adapted for insertion into a patient' anal opening with an inflatable balloon attached thereto, said inflatable balloon attachable via a conduit having a valve therein to a piston type syringe, with calibrated markings thereon showing the volume in the syringe displa by the piston into the balloon, inserting the tube into the patient's anal opening with the balloon positioned at the rectum just inside the anal canal, inflating the balloon through the valve and condui by a certain ascertainable volume by moving the piston of the piston syringe a length corresponding to said ascerta able amount by observing the calibrated markings on the syringe as the piston moves therein, and closing the valve to retain said certain ascer tainable volume in the balloon, to thereby retain the tub in the patient's rectum.

36. A method according to Claim 35, wherein the balloon i of a material having sufficient rigidity such that in its fully relaxed condition it contains residual air therein, and prior to inserting the tube, including the step of opening the valve and fully collapsing the balloon by movi the piston relative to the cylinder in a direction opposit from that direction applicable in inflating the balloon.

37. A method according to Claim 35, wherein the valve is located at the end of the conduit remote from the balloon, and the piston and cylinder syringe has a projection at th end thereof which connects with the conduit, and wherein opening of the valve is accomplished by attaching the said end of the piston and cylinder syringe to the conduit.

38. A method according to Claim 37, wherein the valve is closed by a spring when not engaged with the said end of the syringe.

39. A system for cleansing the entire colon of the patient comprising: a tube having an inside diameter of a size appropriate for the passage therethrough of an aqueous liquid solution, a balloon attached to the exterior of the tube near said one end thereof, said balloon positioned to be located and inflated in the patient's rectum when said one end of the tube is passed through the patient's anal opening, so as to seal the rectum to prevent fluid from passing through the anal opening outside of the tube, a conduit leading from the balloon for inflating the balloon when the balloon is located in the patient, a normally closed spring biased valve in said con¬ duit near the end thereof remote from the balloon, a piston and cylinder syringe having calibrated markings thereon indicating the volume displaced by the piston within the syringe, the syringe being insertable in said conduit and having means for opening the valve when inserted therein to permit inflation and deflation of the balloon through the valve and conduit, by operation of the piston in one direction or the other, respectively, so that the amount of fluid inflated into the balloon can be visually and directly ascertained by observing the calibrated mark¬ ings on the piston and cylinder syringe, as the piston moves relative to the cylinder, a bag having a capacity of at least 1500 cc, said bag connected to the said other end of the tube with its inside being in fluid communication with the interior of the said tube.

40. A system according to Claim 39, said tube having an inside diameter of approximately 3/16 of an inch and an outside diameter of approximately 1/4 inch.

41. A system according to Claim 39, said tube having a length from the bag to the balloon of approximately 60 to 75 c .

42. A system according to Claim 39, including a limitin means mounted on the tube and slidable in only one direc tion therealong towards the balloon so as to be position on the outside of the patient against the exterior of th anal opening to maintain the balloon in a fluid tight se with the wall of the rectum.

43. A system according to Claim 42, including straps co nected to the limiting means and extending two forwardly to the right and left of the patient's mid plane, and on rearwardly therefrom, for connection to a waistband for securing the tube and balloon within the patient to pre¬ vent involuntary expulsion thereof.

44. A system according to Claim 42, including indicia o the tube indicating different locations for sliding of t limiting means along the tube for different size patient

45. A system according to Claim 42, said limiting means being a hard generally oval disc.

46. A system according to Claim 39, said balloon being generally disc shaped and extending outwardly from the s wall of the tube farther than its dimension parallel to axis of the tube.

47. A system according to Claim 39, the piston and cyli syringe including an outlet end engageable with the end the conduit remote from the balloon, and said valve bein located at said end of the conduit remote from the ballo and arranged such that the outlet end of the syringe, wh connected to said end of the conduit, unloads the spring open the valve.

48. A system for cleansing the entire colon of a patien comprising: _ a tube having an inside diameter of a size approp for the passage therethrough of an aqueous liquid soluti a balloon attached to the exterior of the tube ne said one end thereof, said balloon positioned to be loca

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O and inflated in the patient's rectum when said one end of the tube is passed through the patient's anal opening, so as to fluid tightly seal the rectum to prevent fluid from passing through the anal opening outside of the tube and balloon, a conduit leading from the balloon for inflating the balloon when the balloon is located in the patient,

. a bag having a capacity of at least 1500 cc, said bag connected to the other end of the tube with its inside being in fluid communication with the interior of said tube, and a_.preselected volume of a liquid soap and a laxative, adapted to be placed in the bag along with water to form an aqueous soap containing liquid solution with a laxative therein.

49. A system according to Claim 48, wherein the end of the tube near the balloon is solid and rounded with openings on the side thereof.

50. A system according to Claim 49, wherein the tube has an inside diameter of approximately 3/16 of an inch and an out¬ side diameter of approximately 1/4 of an inch and is between 60 to 75 cm long from its connection with the bag to the end near the balloon.

51. A system according to Claim 50, including a piston and cylinder syringe having calibrated markings thereon indicat¬ ing the volume displaced by the piston within the syringe, the syringe being insertable in said conduit and having means for opening the valve when inserted therein to permit inflation and deflation of the balloon through the valve and conduit, by operation of the piston in one direction or the other, respectively, so that the exact amount of fluid inflated into the balloon can be ascertained by observing the calibrated markings on the piston and cylinder syringe, as the piston moves relative to the cylinder.

52. A device for squeezing together and against the perineum, the buttocks of a patient, comprising: a band adapted to wrap around the mid section of the front of a patient, straps extending outwardly beyond both ends of the band, each strap having connecting means thereon, a further connecting means on the ends of the ban one such further connecting means positioned opposite ea strap for cooperating with the connecting means on that strap, the straps and further connecting means at each end alternating with each other along that end, and the straps at one end being staggered relative to the straps at the other end, whereby in applying the device to a patient, the straps may be alternatively tightened and connected, in sequence, first from one side and then fro the other side.

53. A device according to Claim 52, wherein the connec¬ tions between each strap and its corresponding further connecting means -is a Velcro connection.

54. A device according to Claim 53, wherein the total length of the band from end to end is such that the ends are spaced apart from each other when applied to the patient, the gap being closed by the attached straps, and said straps leaving openings between them for the passage of a tube leading into the patient's anal openin

55. A device according to Claim 54, wherein^"the straps are close enough to each adjacent strap such that said tube passing through one of said openings is frictionally engaged by the adjacent straps.

56. A device according to Claim 52, wherein the band is substantially narrower in its central portion which will be located against the patient's front then at the said ends, whereby in use the narrow front portion permits the patient to bend at the hips.

57. A device according to Claim 52, wherein the band further includes, in a portion spaced inwardly from said ends thereof, a further connection capable of being secured and quickly released for quick removal of the device from the patient without having to disconnect said straps.

58. A device according to Claim 57, said further connec¬ tion being a Velcro connection.

-£iJR£3