WO1980001963A1 - Device for the discrimination of objects to be inspected - Google Patents

Device for the discrimination of objects to be inspected Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1980001963A1
WO1980001963A1 PCT/CH1979/000161 CH7900161W WO8001963A1 WO 1980001963 A1 WO1980001963 A1 WO 1980001963A1 CH 7900161 W CH7900161 W CH 7900161W WO 8001963 A1 WO8001963 A1 WO 8001963A1
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Prior art keywords
values
measured
measured values
alpha
new
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PCT/CH1979/000161
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
C Bercovitz
Original Assignee
Sodeco Compteurs De Geneve
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Application filed by Sodeco Compteurs De Geneve filed Critical Sodeco Compteurs De Geneve
Publication of WO1980001963A1 publication Critical patent/WO1980001963A1/en
Priority to DK485380A priority Critical patent/DK485380A/en

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07D—HANDLING OF COINS OR VALUABLE PAPERS, e.g. TESTING, SORTING BY DENOMINATIONS, COUNTING, DISPENSING, CHANGING OR DEPOSITING
    • G07D7/00—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of valuable papers or for segregating those which are unacceptable, e.g. banknotes that are alien to a currency
    • G07D7/20—Testing patterns thereon
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F18/00—Pattern recognition
    • G06F18/20—Analysing
    • G06F18/21—Design or setup of recognition systems or techniques; Extraction of features in feature space; Blind source separation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07C—TIME OR ATTENDANCE REGISTERS; REGISTERING OR INDICATING THE WORKING OF MACHINES; GENERATING RANDOM NUMBERS; VOTING OR LOTTERY APPARATUS; ARRANGEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS FOR CHECKING NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • G07C3/00—Registering or indicating the condition or the working of machines or other apparatus, other than vehicles
    • G07C3/14—Quality control systems
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07D—HANDLING OF COINS OR VALUABLE PAPERS, e.g. TESTING, SORTING BY DENOMINATIONS, COUNTING, DISPENSING, CHANGING OR DEPOSITING
    • G07D7/00—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of valuable papers or for segregating those which are unacceptable, e.g. banknotes that are alien to a currency
    • G07D7/06—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of valuable papers or for segregating those which are unacceptable, e.g. banknotes that are alien to a currency using wave or particle radiation
    • G07D7/12—Visible light, infrared or ultraviolet radiation

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for distinguishing test objects according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Such devices are used to carry out a selection on any test objects, the measured values of which, at least approximately, obey a Gauss' normal distribution.
  • the devices generally contain a selection device which makes it possible to compare the measured values of the objects to be checked with the measured values of a reference object, in order thereby to obtain a GutSeh lecht decision.
  • the limit values for the good-bad decision it is necessary to record the measured values of as large a number of test objects as possible and to determine the mean value and the scatter therefrom in order to then be able to determine the size of the limit values. Since the individual elements of the device, such as photocells, filters, light sources, etc., have a manufacturing-related spread of their characteristics, and because the devices under discussion require a high acceptance probability for the test objects, the limit values for the good / bad Decision can be made individually in the manner described. This means a lot of effort and the same procedure must be repeated every time the measured value of the test objects has to be changed for some reason.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a device of the type mentioned, in which the setting of the limit values is easier and which adapts itself automatically to any migration that may occur.
  • the invention is characterized in claim 1.
  • FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of a device and FIG. 2 shows a flow diagram of a test procedure.
  • 1 means a measuring point for checking a banknote. This is exposed to light radiation, and the measuring point 1 determines a measured value to be processed further on the basis of the radiation reflected from the banknote.
  • the measuring point 1 is connected to a decision logic 2.
  • the decision logic checks whether the measured value x i . lies within two limit values x a and x b stored in a memory 3. Is this not the case because, for example, the entered banknote is a forgery, then the decision logic 2 causes the banknote to be forwarded to a return point 4.
  • the measuring point 1 is also connected to an arithmetic unit 6 for the statistical processing of each measured value x i of a banknote found to be good.
  • the arithmetic unit 6 has two further inputs 7 and 8. The input 7 is used to set a weighting factor a and the input 8 is used to preselect a tolerance factor p.
  • a connection 9 leads from the good exit of the decision logic 2 to the arithmetic logic unit 6. As soon as the decision logic has assessed an entered bank note as good, the bank note is passed to a cash register 10. The arithmetic logic unit 6 is activated via the connection 9.
  • the arithmetic logic unit 6 takes the data contained therein for the mean value from its own memory and the quadratic mean previously checked banknotes and recalculates the values based on the last pending measured value x i and taking into account the specified weighting factor a.
  • the weighting factor a which is adjustable between two limit values at the input 7, determines the influence that the new measured value x i has on the calculation compared to the values stored in the arithmetic unit 6 should have.
  • the tolerance factor p that can be set at input 8 is used to determine the size of the scattering range. It determines the limit values xa, xb, as a multiple of scatter ⁇ to be calculated. It is
  • the arithmetic unit 6 returns these new values instead of the old values to the memory 3, where they are again available for checking the next banknote.
  • Another input 11 on the arithmetic unit 6 is used for the first-time input of empirical values for the mean and the root mean square before the device is started up for the first time.
  • the computer 6 of a new device coming from production is therefore given experience values for the mean at the inputs 11 and 8 and the root mean square entered the tolerance factor p to form the limit values x a , x b , after which some bank notes are then checked.
  • To adjust the mean value as soon as possible it makes sense if the weighting factor a at the input 7 of the arithmetic unit 6 is initially set so that the last measured value x i is used to calculate a new mean value for checking the first banknotes has a big impact. After the device has been started up and some banknotes have been accepted, the influence of the last measured value x i at input 7 can be reduced by changing the weighting factor a.
  • the change in the weighting factor a can also be changed by a
  • a block 12 of the computer 6 determines the spread ⁇ according to the relationship as described above
  • the values of x a and x b are stored in the memory 3 of FIG. 1, not shown in FIG. 2.
  • the device is thus ready for processing a measured value x i , ie a bank note can now be entered, which is reported by a connection 14 to a first decision point 15.
  • the decision-making point checks whether a measured value x i arrives or not, and reports it to another block 16, which forwards the measured value x 1 to a second decision-making part 17.
  • the measured value meets the condition not, then the banknote is rejected, passed to the return point 4 and the entry for another banknote is released again.
  • a signal goes from the decision-making point 17 to a block 18, which triggers the transport of the banknote to the cash register 10 and forwards the measured value x i to a block 20 via a start block 19 for further evaluation in the computer 6. This calculates a new mean and the root mean square
  • Calculator 6 the previous average and the previous quadratic mean from its own memory and weights the new measured value x i according to the weighting factor a according to the relationships
  • a microcomputer is particularly suitable as arithmetic unit 6 in the solution described. Their use is therefore advantageous wherever there is already a microcomputer for tamper-proof recording of the measured values x. is available.
  • a different calculation method could also be used, for example by storing all individual measured values x i of a quantity of bank notes corresponding to the weighting factor a to a shift register, to which the new value is added and the oldest value removed, and the mean value from these measured values and the quadratic mean ⁇ 2 are recalculated.
  • the device can also be used for the recognition of any other objects. '

Abstract

In a measuring station (1) at least one physical magnitude of each object to be tested is measured. A decision logic (2) juges each value measured relatively to limit values contained in a memory (3) and decides whether the object must be accepted or not. The measured values of the accepted objects are statistically processed in a computer (6). The unaccepted objects come to a return station (4). Each measure value provided to the computer (6) is combined, with a selected weighing index ((Alpha)) present on an input (7), with the previously stored measured values so as to obtain a new mean value ((Alpha)) and a new quadratic means ((Alpha)2). A tolerance factor (p) of the dispersion, present on an input (8) determines the limit values appropriate for the following object. The device is appropriate for the bank notes testing, and for processing measured values, a micro-computer may be used. An input (11) is used for inputting empiric values for the mean value ((Alpha)) and the quadratic mean ((Alpha)2) before operating the device. For setting the limit values, the measured values of the first bank notes are used with a waiting index ((Alpha)) of high weight, and then the weight may be reduced.

Description

Vorrichtung zur Unterscheidung von Prüfobjekten Device for distinguishing test objects
Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Vorrichtung zur Unterscheidung von Prüfobjekten nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruches 1. Solche Vorrichtungen werden zur Durchführung einer Auslese an irgendwelchen Prüfobjekten verwendet, deren Messwerte in ihrer Grundgesamtheit wenigstens annähernd einer Gauss 'sehen Normalverteilung gehorchen. Die Vorrichtungen enthalten im allgemeinen eine Auswahl-Einrichtung, die es erlaubt, die Messwerte der zu kontrollierenden Gegenstände mit den Messwerten eines Referenzgegenstandes zu vergleichen, um dadurch eine GutSeh lecht-Entscheidung zu erhalten.The invention relates to a device for distinguishing test objects according to the preamble of claim 1. Such devices are used to carry out a selection on any test objects, the measured values of which, at least approximately, obey a Gauss' normal distribution. The devices generally contain a selection device which makes it possible to compare the measured values of the objects to be checked with the measured values of a reference object, in order thereby to obtain a GutSeh lecht decision.
Zur Bestimmung der Grenzwerte für die Gut-Schlecht-Entscheidung ist es nötig, die Messwerte einer möglichst grossen Zahl von Prüfobjekten aufzunehmen und daraus den Mittelwert und die Streuung zu bestimmen, um dann die Grosse der Grenzwerte festlegen zu können. Da die einzelnen Elemente der Vorrichtung, z.B. Photozellen, Filter, Lichtquellen usw. eine herstellungsbedingte Streuung ihrer Charakteristiken aufweisen, und weil für die zur Diskussion stehenden Vorrichtungen eine hohe Annahmewahrscheinlichkeit für die Prüflinge gefordert ist, müssen an jeder einzelnen Vorrichtung die Grenzwerte für die GutSchlecht-Entscheidung einzeln in der beschriebenen Weise festgelegt werden. Dies bedeutet einen grossen Aufwand und das gleiche Vorgehen muss jedesmal wiederholt werden, wenn der Messwert der Prüfobjekte aus irgend einem Grunde geändert werden muss. Sowohl die an der Prüfung beteiligten und bereits erwähnten Elemente als auch die Prüfobjekte selbst können sich im Laufe der Zeit leicht verändern, so dass eine Abwanderung des statistischen Mittelwertes auftritt. Eine solche Abwanderung ist vielfach unvorhersehbar und macht sich dadurch bemerkbar, dass die Vorrichtung allmählich oder auch plötzlich vermehrt solche Prüfobjekte zurückweist, die sie offensichtlich hätte annehmen sollen. Dies führt dann dazu, dass an einer solchen Vorrichtung die Grenzwerte nach dem beschriebenen, aufwendigen Verfahren wieder neu bestimmt werden müssen.To determine the limit values for the good-bad decision, it is necessary to record the measured values of as large a number of test objects as possible and to determine the mean value and the scatter therefrom in order to then be able to determine the size of the limit values. Since the individual elements of the device, such as photocells, filters, light sources, etc., have a manufacturing-related spread of their characteristics, and because the devices under discussion require a high acceptance probability for the test objects, the limit values for the good / bad Decision can be made individually in the manner described. This means a lot of effort and the same procedure must be repeated every time the measured value of the test objects has to be changed for some reason. Both the elements involved in the test and those already mentioned as well as the test objects themselves can change slightly over time, so that a drift of the statistical mean value occurs. Such a migration is often unpredictable and is noticeable by the fact that the device, gradually or suddenly, increasingly rejects test objects that it should have obviously accepted. This then leads to the fact that the limit values on such a device have to be determined again according to the complex method described.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Vorrichtung der eingangs genannten Art zu schaffen, bei der die Einstellung der Grenzwerte einfacher ist und die sich dauernd selbsttätig an allfällig auftretende Abwanderungen anpasst.The invention has for its object to provide a device of the type mentioned, in which the setting of the limit values is easier and which adapts itself automatically to any migration that may occur.
Die Erfindung ist im Patentanspruch 1 gekennzeichnet.The invention is characterized in claim 1.
Nachfolgend wird ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung anhand der Zeichnungen an einer Vorrichtung zur Prüfung der Echtheit von Banknoten näher erläutert:An exemplary embodiment of the invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the drawings on a device for checking the authenticity of banknotes:
Es zeigen: Fig. 1 ein Blockschaltbild einer Vorrichtung und Fig. 2 ein Ablaufschema eines Prüfvorgσnges.1 shows a block diagram of a device and FIG. 2 shows a flow diagram of a test procedure.
In der Fig. 1 bedeutet 1 eine Messstelle zur Ueberprüfung einer Banknote. Diese wird einer Lichtstrahlung ausgesetzt, und die Messstelle 1 ermittelt aufgrund der von der Banknote reflektierten Strahlung einen weiter zu verarbeitenden Messwert.In FIG. 1, 1 means a measuring point for checking a banknote. This is exposed to light radiation, and the measuring point 1 determines a measured value to be processed further on the basis of the radiation reflected from the banknote.
Zur Erhöhung der Sicherheit vor Fälschungen werden vorteilhaft mehrere Punkte der Banknote abgetastet und mehrere Messwerte erfasst. Die nachfolgende Beschreibung beschränkt sich einfachheitshalber auf nur einen Messwert xi. Die Messstelle 1 ist mit einer Entscheidungslogik 2 verbunden. Die Entscheidungslogik prüft, ob der Messwert xi. innerhalb zweier in einem Speicher 3 gespeicherten Grenzwerte xa und xb liegt. Ist dies nicht der Fall, weil es sich beispielsweise bei der eingegebenen Banknote um eine Fälschung handelt, dann bewirkt die Entscheidungslogik 2 die Weiterleitung der Banknote an eine Rückgabestelle 4.To increase security against counterfeiting, several points of the banknote are advantageously scanned and several measured values are recorded. For the sake of simplicity, the following description is limited to only one measured value x i . The measuring point 1 is connected to a decision logic 2. The decision logic checks whether the measured value x i . lies within two limit values x a and x b stored in a memory 3. Is this not the case because, for example, the entered banknote is a forgery, then the decision logic 2 causes the banknote to be forwarded to a return point 4.
Die Messstelle 1 ist ferner mit einem Rechenwerk 6 für die statistische Verarbeitung jedes Messwertes xi einer als gut befundenen Banknote verbunden. Das Rechenwerk 6 hat zwei weitere Eingänge 7 und 8. Der Eingang 7 dient zum Einstellen eines Gewichtungsfaktors a und der Eingang 8 dient der Vorwahl eines Toleranzfσktors p. Eine Verbindung 9 führt vom Gut-Ausgang der Entscheidungslogik 2 zum Rechenwerk 6. Sobald die Entscheidungslogik eine eingegebene Banknote als gut beurteilt hat, wird die Banknote in eine Kasse 10 geleitet.und über die Verbindung 9 wird das Rechenwerk 6 aktiviert. Das Rechenwerk 6 entnimmt seinem eigenen Speicher die dort enthaltenen für den Mittelwert
Figure imgf000005_0001
und den quadrati .schen Mittelwert
Figure imgf000005_0002
bisher geprüften Banknoten und rechnet die Werte aufgrund des letzten anstehenden Messwertes xi und unter Berücksichtigung des vorgegebenen Gewichtungsfaktors a neu aus.The measuring point 1 is also connected to an arithmetic unit 6 for the statistical processing of each measured value x i of a banknote found to be good. The arithmetic unit 6 has two further inputs 7 and 8. The input 7 is used to set a weighting factor a and the input 8 is used to preselect a tolerance factor p. A connection 9 leads from the good exit of the decision logic 2 to the arithmetic logic unit 6. As soon as the decision logic has assessed an entered bank note as good, the bank note is passed to a cash register 10. The arithmetic logic unit 6 is activated via the connection 9. The arithmetic logic unit 6 takes the data contained therein for the mean value from its own memory
Figure imgf000005_0001
and the quadratic mean
Figure imgf000005_0002
previously checked banknotes and recalculates the values based on the last pending measured value x i and taking into account the specified weighting factor a.
Der am Eingang 7 zwischen zwei Grenzwerten verstellbare Gewichtungsfaktor a bestimmt den Einfluss, den der neue Messwert xi bei der Rechnung gegenüber den im Rechenwerk 6 gespeicherten Werten
Figure imgf000005_0003
haben soll.The weighting factor a, which is adjustable between two limit values at the input 7, determines the influence that the new measured value x i has on the calculation compared to the values stored in the arithmetic unit 6
Figure imgf000005_0003
should have.
Der am Eingang 8 einstellbare To leranzfaktor p dient zur Festlegung der Grosse des Streubereiches. Er bestimmt die Grenzwerte xa , xb, als Vielfaches der aus
Figure imgf000005_0006
zu berechnenden Streuung σ. Dabei ist
Figure imgf000005_0004
The tolerance factor p that can be set at input 8 is used to determine the size of the scattering range. It determines the limit values xa, xb, as a multiple of
Figure imgf000005_0006
scatter σ to be calculated. It is
Figure imgf000005_0004
Die Grenzwerte xa, xb ergeben sich dann ausgehend vom Mittelwert zuThe limit values x a , x b then result from the mean value
Figure imgf000005_0005
Das Rechenwerk 6 gibt diese neuen Werte anstelle der alten Werte an den Speicher 3 zurück, wo sie für die Prüfung der nächsten Banknote wieder bereitstehen.
Figure imgf000005_0005
The arithmetic unit 6 returns these new values instead of the old values to the memory 3, where they are again available for checking the next banknote.
Ein weiterer Eingang 11 am Rechenwerk 6 dient der erstmaligen Eingabe von Erfahrungswerten für den Mittelwert
Figure imgf000006_0001
und den quadratischen Mittelwert
Figure imgf000006_0002
vor der ersten Inbetriebsetzung der Vorrichtung.Another input 11 on the arithmetic unit 6 is used for the first-time input of empirical values for the mean
Figure imgf000006_0001
and the root mean square
Figure imgf000006_0002
before the device is started up for the first time.
Dem Rechner 6 einer neuen, aus der Fertigung kommenden Vorrichtung werden daher am Eingang 11 und 8 Erfahrungswerte für den Mittelwert
Figure imgf000006_0003
und den quadratischen Mittelwert
Figure imgf000006_0004
den Toleranzfaktor p zur Bildung der Grenzwerte xa , xb eingegeben, nach denen dann einige Banknoten geprüft werden. Zur möglichst rasehen Anpassung des Mittelwertes
Figure imgf000006_0005
an die individuellen Verhältnisse der betrachteten Vorrichtung ist es sinnvoll, wenn für die Prüfung der ersten Banknoten der Gewichtungsfaktor a am Eingang 7 des Rechenwerkes 6 vorerst so eingestellt wird, dass der letzte Messwert xi bei der Berechnung eines neuen Mittelwertes
Figure imgf000006_0008
einen grossen Einfluss hat. Nach der Inbetriebsetzung der Vorrichtung und nachdem einige Banknoten angenommen worden sind, kann am Eingang 7 der Einfluss des letzten Messwertes xi durch Veränderung des Gewichtungsfaktors a verkleinert werden.The computer 6 of a new device coming from production is therefore given experience values for the mean at the inputs 11 and 8
Figure imgf000006_0003
and the root mean square
Figure imgf000006_0004
entered the tolerance factor p to form the limit values x a , x b , after which some bank notes are then checked. To adjust the mean value as soon as possible
Figure imgf000006_0005
In terms of the individual conditions of the device under consideration, it makes sense if the weighting factor a at the input 7 of the arithmetic unit 6 is initially set so that the last measured value x i is used to calculate a new mean value for checking the first banknotes
Figure imgf000006_0008
has a big impact. After the device has been started up and some banknotes have been accepted, the influence of the last measured value x i at input 7 can be reduced by changing the weighting factor a.
Die Aenderung des Gewichtungsfaktors a kann auch durch einThe change in the weighting factor a can also be changed by a
Zählwerk nach einer vorwählbaren Stückzahl oder kontinuierlich bis zu einem bestimmten Endwert erfolgen.Counter according to a preselectable number of pieces or continuously up to a certain final value.
Die Arbeitsweise der beschriebenen Vorrichtung wird nachfolgend anhand der Fig. 2 näher erläutert:The mode of operation of the described device is explained in more detail below with reference to FIG. 2:
Nach dem Eingeben de r Erfahrungswerte a, und p, wie dies
Figure imgf000006_0007
vorangehend beschrieben ist, bestimmt ein Block 12 des Rechners 6 die Streuung σ nach der BeziehungAfter entering the experience values a, and p, like this
Figure imgf000006_0007
A block 12 of the computer 6 determines the spread σ according to the relationship as described above
Figure imgf000006_0006
Ansch liessend wird gemäss einem Block 13, ausgehend vom eingegebenen Mittelwert
Figure imgf000007_0002
und dem Toleranzfaktor p, die Breite des Annahmetoleranzbandes mit den Grenzwerten
Figure imgf000006_0006
Then, according to a block 13, starting from the entered mean value
Figure imgf000007_0002
and the tolerance factor p, the width of the acceptance tolerance band with the limit values
Figure imgf000007_0001
Figure imgf000007_0001
bestimmt. Die Werte von xa und xb werden in dem in der Fig. 2 nicht dargestellten Speicher 3 der Fig. 1 gespeichert. Damit ist die Vorrichtung für die Bearbeitung eines Messwertes xi bereit, d.h. jetzt kann eine Banknote eingegeben werden, was durch eine Verbindung 14 zu einer ersten Entscheidungsstelle 15 gemeldet wird. Die Entscheidungsstelle prüft, ob ein Messwert xi eintrifft oder nicht, und meldet einen solchen an einen weiteren Block 16, der den Messwert x 1 einer zweiten Entscheidungssteile 17 zuleitet. Erfüllt der Messwert die Bedingung nicht, dann wird die Banknote abgelehnt, zur Rückgabestelle 4 geleitet und die Eingabe für eine weitere Banknote wird wieder freigegeben.certainly. The values of x a and x b are stored in the memory 3 of FIG. 1, not shown in FIG. 2. The device is thus ready for processing a measured value x i , ie a bank note can now be entered, which is reported by a connection 14 to a first decision point 15. The decision-making point checks whether a measured value x i arrives or not, and reports it to another block 16, which forwards the measured value x 1 to a second decision-making part 17. The measured value meets the condition not, then the banknote is rejected, passed to the return point 4 and the entry for another banknote is released again.
Wird die Banknote angenommen, dann geht ein Signal von der Entscheidungsstelle 17 zu einem Block 18, der den Transport der Banknote zur Kasse 10 auslöst und den Messwert xi über einen Start-Block 19 zur weiteren Auswertung im Rechner 6 an einen Block 20 weitergibt. Dieser berechnet einen neuen Mittelwert und den quadratischen Mittelwert Dazu entnimmt derIf the banknote is accepted, a signal goes from the decision-making point 17 to a block 18, which triggers the transport of the banknote to the cash register 10 and forwards the measured value x i to a block 20 via a start block 19 for further evaluation in the computer 6. This calculates a new mean and the root mean square
Rechner 6 den bisherigen Mittelwert und
Figure imgf000007_0004
Figure imgf000007_0006
den bisherigen quadratischen Mittelwert
Figure imgf000007_0005
aus seinem eigenen Speicher und gewichtet den neuen Messwert xi entsprechend dem Gewichtungsfaktor a nach den BeziehungenCalculator 6 the previous average and
Figure imgf000007_0004
Figure imgf000007_0006
the previous quadratic mean
Figure imgf000007_0005
from its own memory and weights the new measured value x i according to the weighting factor a according to the relationships
Figure imgf000007_0007
Figure imgf000008_0001
Figure imgf000007_0007
Figure imgf000008_0001
Die neu errechneten Werte
Figure imgf000008_0002
und werden in einem Block 21 + an Stelle de r alten Werte
Figure imgf000008_0003
und
Figure imgf000008_0006
gesetzt, und die neuen Wert für
Figure imgf000008_0005
und
Figure imgf000008_0004
gelangen über eine Verbindung 22 wieder an denThe newly calculated values
Figure imgf000008_0002
and are replaced in a block 21 + by the old values
Figure imgf000008_0003
and
Figure imgf000008_0006
set, and the new value for
Figure imgf000008_0005
and
Figure imgf000008_0004
arrive via a connection 22 to the
Eingang des Blockes 12, wo sie zusammen mit den dort noch vorhandenen Werten von a und p eine neue Berechnung neuer Grenzwerte für xa und xb auslösen, wie dies vorhergehend beschrieben wurde. Die neuen Grenzwerte xa und xb gelangen ausserdem in den in der Fig. 2 nicht dargestellten Speicher 3 der Fig. 1. Gleichzeitig meldet die Verbindung 14 der ersten Entscheidungs stelle 15 die Bereitschaft zur Verarbeitung eines weiteren Messwertes xi.Entry of block 12, where, together with the values of a and p still present there, they trigger a new calculation of new limit values for x a and x b , as described above. The new limit values x a and x b also arrive in the memory 3 of FIG. 1 (not shown in FIG. 2). At the same time, the connection 14 signals the first decision-making point 15 that it is ready to process a further measured value x i .
Mit einem Toleranzfaktor p = 3 ergibt sich für eine gute Banknote eine Annahmewahrscheinlichkeit von 99,73 % , was sich praktisch bewährt hat.With a tolerance factor p = 3, a good banknote has a probability of acceptance of 99.73%, which has proven itself in practice.
Mit der beschriebenen Vorrichtung ist bei der Inbetriebsetzung kein Abgleich mehr nötig. Der Mittelwert
Figure imgf000008_0007
passt sich den zu beurteilenden Banknoten und den an der Messung beteiligten Bauelementen der Vorrichtung laufend an.With the device described, adjustment is no longer necessary during commissioning. The mean
Figure imgf000008_0007
continuously adapts to the banknotes to be assessed and the components of the device involved in the measurement.
Als Rechenwerk 6 eignet sich in der beschriebenen Lösung besonders ein Microcomputer. Deren Anwendung ist daher überall dort vorteilhaft, wo bereits ein Microcomputer für die fälschungssichere Erfassung des Messwerte x. vorhanden ist. Es könnte aber auch eine andere Rechenart angewandt werden, indem z.B. mit einem Schieberegister alle einzelnen Messwerte xi einer dem Gewichtungsfaktor a entsprechenden Menge von Banknoten gespeichert werden, zu denen jeweils der neue Wert zugesetzt und der älteste Wert weggenommen wird und aus diesen Messwerten der Mittelwert und der quadratische Mittelwert χ2 neu ausgerechnet werden. An Stelle der Banknoten kann die Vorrichtung auch für die Erkennung beliebiger anderer Gegenstände verwendet werden. ' A microcomputer is particularly suitable as arithmetic unit 6 in the solution described. Their use is therefore advantageous wherever there is already a microcomputer for tamper-proof recording of the measured values x. is available. However, a different calculation method could also be used, for example by storing all individual measured values x i of a quantity of bank notes corresponding to the weighting factor a to a shift register, to which the new value is added and the oldest value removed, and the mean value from these measured values and the quadratic mean χ2 are recalculated. Instead of the banknotes, the device can also be used for the recognition of any other objects. '

Claims

P A T E N T A N S P R U E C H E PATENT CLAIMS
1. Vorrichtung zur Unterscheidung von Prüfobjekten mit einer Messstelle zur Prüfung wenigstens einer physikalischen Grosse je Prüfobjekt, mit einer die Messwerte nach einer Gut-SchlechtEntscheidung ordnenden Entscheidungslogik und einem Speicher zum Festhalten der für eine Gut-Entscheidung zulässigen Grenzen der Messwerte, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass für die statistische Verarbeitung jedes Messwertes (xi) eines als gut befundenen Prüfobj ektes ein Rechenwerk (6) vorhanden ist, das in seinem eigenen Speicher enthaltene Werte von vorher
Figure imgf000010_0001
geprüften Prüfobjekten bzw. im Falle der Inbetriebsetzung eingegebene Erfahrungswerte mit einem vorgegebenen Gewichtungsfaktor (a) aufgrund des letzten Messwertes (x.) neu berechnet, aus den neuen statistischen Werten ( neue zulässige Grenz
Figure imgf000010_0002
werte (xa, xb) bildet und diese für die Gut-Schlecht-Entscheidüng des nächsten Prüfobjektes im Speicher (3) abspeichert.1.Device for differentiating test objects with a measuring point for testing at least one physical quantity per test object, with a decision logic ordering the measured values according to a good-bad decision and a memory for recording the limits of the measured values permissible for a good decision, characterized in that for the statistical processing of each measured value (x i ) of a test object which is found to be good, there is an arithmetic unit (6) which contains the values previously contained in its own memory
Figure imgf000010_0001
tested test objects or, in the case of commissioning, empirical values entered with a given weighting factor (a) recalculated on the basis of the last measured value (x.), from the new statistical values (new permissible limits
Figure imgf000010_0002
forms values (x a , x b ) and stores them in the memory (3) for the good-bad decision of the next test object.
2. Vorrichtung nach Patentanspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Rechenwerk (6) zur Festlegung der Grenzwerte x und einen Eingang (8) für einen Toleranzfaktor p als Vielfaches der Streuung σ der vorher ermittelten Messwerte (xi) aufweist und die Grenzwerte xa und xb, ausgehend vom Mittelwert
Figure imgf000010_0005
der vorher ermittelten Messwerte (xi) nach den BeZiehungen2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the arithmetic unit (6) for determining the limit values x and an input (8) for a tolerance factor p has a multiple of the scatter σ of the previously determined measured values (x i ) and the limit values xa and xb, starting from the mean
Figure imgf000010_0005
the previously determined measured values (x i ) according to the relationships
Figure imgf000010_0003
Figure imgf000010_0003
berechnetcalculated
3. Vorrichtung nach Patentanspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass am Rechenwerk (6) ein weiterer Eingang (7) zum Einstellen des Gewichtungsfaktors (α) vorhanden ist zwecks Verkleinerung des Einflusses des letzten Messwertes (xi) bei der Berechnung eines neuen Mittelwertes nach erfolgter Inbetrieb
Figure imgf000010_0004
setzung der Vorrichtung. 3. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that on the arithmetic unit (6) there is a further input (7) for setting the weighting factor (α) in order to reduce the influence of the last measured value (x i ) when calculating a new mean value after the calculation Commissioning
Figure imgf000010_0004
setting of the device.
4. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorangehenden Patentansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zur Auswertung der Messwerte ein Mikrocomputer dient.4. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a microcomputer is used to evaluate the measured values.
5. Vorrichtung nach Patentanspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Messstelle (1) zur Ermittlung der Messwerte an Banknoten eingerichtet ist. 5. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the measuring point (1) is set up to determine the measured values on banknotes.
PCT/CH1979/000161 1979-03-16 1979-12-17 Device for the discrimination of objects to be inspected WO1980001963A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DK485380A DK485380A (en) 1979-03-16 1980-11-13 DEVICE FOR SEPARATING SUBJECT OBJECTS

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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CH2483/79 1979-03-16
CH248379A CH640433A5 (en) 1979-03-16 1979-03-16 DEVICE FOR DISTINATING TEST OBJECTS.

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DE (1) DE2953588D2 (en)
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FR (1) FR2451599B1 (en)
GB (1) GB2059129B (en)
IT (1) IT1130050B (en)
NL (1) NL7920168A (en)
SE (1) SE421356B (en)
WO (1) WO1980001963A1 (en)

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EP0051089A2 (en) * 1980-11-04 1982-05-12 The Boeing Company Method for the analysis of scanned data
EP0072237A2 (en) * 1981-08-11 1983-02-16 De La Rue Systems Limited Apparatus for scanning a sheet
EP0084284A2 (en) * 1982-01-08 1983-07-27 Nuvatec Inc Material forming machine controller
FR2543328A1 (en) * 1983-03-22 1984-09-28 Rockwell Rimoldi Spa APPARATUS FOR DATA PROCESSING, ONCE THEY ARE DETERMINED, WITH AUTOMATIC FORMATION OF THE CONTROL DIAGRAM CARRIED OUT USING A MEDIUM AND A RANGE OF VALUES
EP0227479A2 (en) * 1985-12-23 1987-07-01 Westinghouse Electric Corporation System for determining DC drift and noise level using parity-space signal validation
EP0328441A2 (en) * 1988-02-10 1989-08-16 Tamura Electric Works, Ltd. Method of correcting coin data and apparatus for inspecting coins
EP0220206B1 (en) * 1985-04-18 1991-10-16 Robert Bosch Gmbh Process for the monitoring of a speed transmitter signal
EP1324279A1 (en) * 2001-12-28 2003-07-02 Mars Incorporated Apparatus for validating currency items, and method of configuring such apparatus
DE10360859A1 (en) * 2003-12-23 2005-07-21 Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh A banknote processing machine and method for detecting counterfeit banknotes
US8797516B2 (en) 2009-06-09 2014-08-05 Beb Industrie-Elektronik Ag Method for separating worn bank notes from a quantity of bank notes in bank note processing machines

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CH684222A5 (en) * 1992-03-10 1994-07-29 Mars Inc Means for classifying a pattern, particularly a banknote or a coin.
CH684856A5 (en) * 1992-11-30 1995-01-13 Mars Inc Method for classifying a pattern - in particular a pattern of a bill or a coin - and means for implementing the method.
GB2284293B (en) * 1993-11-30 1998-06-03 Mars Inc Article classifying method and apparatus
US5931277A (en) * 1995-05-09 1999-08-03 Mars, Incorporated Money validation system using acceptance criteria
GB2341263B (en) 1998-08-14 2002-12-18 Mars Inc Method and apparatus for validating currency
GB2345372B (en) 1998-12-30 2003-04-16 Mars Inc Method and apparatus for validating coins
GB2348729A (en) 1999-04-07 2000-10-11 Mars Inc A money validator reprogrammable using externally recieved data
DE102004038153B4 (en) * 2004-08-06 2006-05-11 National Rejectors, Inc. Gmbh Method for testing coins for authenticity in a coin device
IL202028A (en) 2009-11-10 2016-06-30 Icts Holding Company Ltd Product, apparatus and methods for computerized authentication of electronic documents

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US3648035A (en) * 1969-06-02 1972-03-07 Industrial Nucleonics Corp System and method for optimizing processor or equipment profit
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Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0051089A3 (en) * 1980-11-04 1984-02-15 The Boeing Company Method and apparatus for the analysis of scanned data
EP0051089A2 (en) * 1980-11-04 1982-05-12 The Boeing Company Method for the analysis of scanned data
EP0072237A2 (en) * 1981-08-11 1983-02-16 De La Rue Systems Limited Apparatus for scanning a sheet
EP0072237A3 (en) * 1981-08-11 1983-07-06 De La Rue Systems Limited Apparatus for scanning a sheet
EP0084284A2 (en) * 1982-01-08 1983-07-27 Nuvatec Inc Material forming machine controller
EP0084284A3 (en) * 1982-01-08 1985-03-06 Nuvatec Inc Material forming machine controller
FR2543328A1 (en) * 1983-03-22 1984-09-28 Rockwell Rimoldi Spa APPARATUS FOR DATA PROCESSING, ONCE THEY ARE DETERMINED, WITH AUTOMATIC FORMATION OF THE CONTROL DIAGRAM CARRIED OUT USING A MEDIUM AND A RANGE OF VALUES
EP0220206B1 (en) * 1985-04-18 1991-10-16 Robert Bosch Gmbh Process for the monitoring of a speed transmitter signal
EP0227479A2 (en) * 1985-12-23 1987-07-01 Westinghouse Electric Corporation System for determining DC drift and noise level using parity-space signal validation
EP0227479A3 (en) * 1985-12-23 1989-10-11 Westinghouse Electric Corporation System for determining dc drift and noise level using parity-space signal validation
EP0328441A2 (en) * 1988-02-10 1989-08-16 Tamura Electric Works, Ltd. Method of correcting coin data and apparatus for inspecting coins
EP0328441A3 (en) * 1988-02-10 1991-06-12 Tamura Electric Works, Ltd. Method of correcting coin data and apparatus for inspecting coins
EP1324279A1 (en) * 2001-12-28 2003-07-02 Mars Incorporated Apparatus for validating currency items, and method of configuring such apparatus
US6902049B2 (en) 2001-12-28 2005-06-07 Mars, Incorporated Apparatus for validating currency items, and method of configuring such apparatus
DE10360859A1 (en) * 2003-12-23 2005-07-21 Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh A banknote processing machine and method for detecting counterfeit banknotes
US8077961B2 (en) 2003-12-23 2011-12-13 Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh Bank note processing machine and method for identifying forged bank notes
US8797516B2 (en) 2009-06-09 2014-08-05 Beb Industrie-Elektronik Ag Method for separating worn bank notes from a quantity of bank notes in bank note processing machines

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE2953588D2 (en) 1981-02-26
FR2451599A1 (en) 1980-10-10
IT1130050B (en) 1986-06-11
DK485380A (en) 1980-11-13
CH640433A5 (en) 1984-01-13
GB2059129B (en) 1983-04-20
FR2451599B1 (en) 1988-04-08
NL7920168A (en) 1980-12-31
GB2059129A (en) 1981-04-15
SE421356B (en) 1981-12-14
IT8020633A0 (en) 1980-03-14
SE8008022L (en) 1980-11-14

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