WO1983001103A1 - Improvement in or relating to windows - Google Patents

Improvement in or relating to windows Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1983001103A1
WO1983001103A1 PCT/GB1982/000273 GB8200273W WO8301103A1 WO 1983001103 A1 WO1983001103 A1 WO 1983001103A1 GB 8200273 W GB8200273 W GB 8200273W WO 8301103 A1 WO8301103 A1 WO 8301103A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
glazing
heat exchange
members
building
exchange liquid
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/GB1982/000273
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Frederick Brian Mckee
Original Assignee
Frederick Brian Mckee
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Frederick Brian Mckee filed Critical Frederick Brian Mckee
Priority to JP50271082A priority Critical patent/JPS58501478A/en
Priority to PCT/GB1982/000273 priority patent/WO1983001103A1/en
Publication of WO1983001103A1 publication Critical patent/WO1983001103A1/en

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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24DDOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D11/00Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses
    • F24D11/002Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses water heating system
    • F24D11/003Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses water heating system combined with solar energy
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24SSOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S20/00Solar heat collectors specially adapted for particular uses or environments
    • F24S20/60Solar heat collectors integrated in fixed constructions, e.g. in buildings
    • F24S20/63Solar heat collectors integrated in fixed constructions, e.g. in buildings in the form of windows
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24SSOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S80/00Details, accessories or component parts of solar heat collectors not provided for in groups F24S10/00-F24S70/00
    • F24S80/20Working fluids specially adapted for solar heat collectors
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02BCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/20Solar thermal
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers

Definitions

  • This invention relates to windows and in particular to windows of large surface area in relation to rooms which they serve. It is increasingly common practice in building construction, especially in construction of large busines and commercial premises, to employ windows of large surface area in relation to the rooms or other spaces to which they are intended to introduce external natural light. In many buildings, these windows are not capable of opening, the buildings being served by air conditioning systems. Particularly with high rise buildings which are exposed to a greater amount of solar radiation, it is the practice to reduce glare within the buildings by employing a tinted or a reflective glazing in order to minimize the amount of light passing therethrough.
  • Both forms of glazing are not very popular with persons inside the building, especially the reflective glazing which indeed is a source of nuisance to people outside the building; indeed reflective types of glazing while controlling solar radiation input, reflects solar energy onto north facing sides of adjacent buildings in the northern hemisphere (south facing in the southern hemisphere).
  • tinted glass With tinted glass, there is the significant disadvantage that whilst the light may be cut out, infrared radiation is not; it is absorbed by the glass and long wavelength radiant thermal energy is re emitted into a room fitted with the window and can still lead to considerable heating up to an extent which air conditioning may be unable to cope with, especially if, as a result of the use of partitioning, the space within the building does not benefit from the air conditioning to the same extent at all locations.
  • a glazing system including glazing which comprises a front glazing member on which solar radiation is to be incident, which glazing member is transparent or translucent, and a rear glazing member opposed to said glazing member and which is likewise transparent or translucent, which glazing members define therebetween at least one passage for throughflow of a liquid as part of a duct means comprised by or to be installed with the glazing members and comprising appropriate components for forming a closed circuit passing externally of the glazing members for passage of a heat exchange liquid and dissipation of absorbed solar energy at a position external of the glazing members, the colouring of the heat exchange liquid being such that solar radiation incident on the front glazing member is able to pass through the heat exchange liquid whereby its infrared component is at least partially absorbed thereby and light is able to pass therethrough in accordance with the optical densitie of the heat exchange liquid and the materials from which the front and rear glazing members are made.
  • the glazing system By employing a cooling system passing through the glazing system, it is intended to remove from the glazing and thereby prevent from affecting the temperature in the room a major proportion of the thermal energy which would otherwise work to raise the temperature within the room.
  • One or both of the front and rear glazing members may be made of a darkened material thereby to reduce the amount of glare within the room.
  • the heat exchange liquid It is also possible for the heat exchange liquid to be coloured. This will have the advantage of enabling the maximum amount of thermal energy to be absorbed directly by the heat exchange liquid and remo. ⁇ ed from the glazing members. If a darkened heat exchange liquid is employed, then use of darkened glazing material becomes optional and may even need to be avoided if an adequate amount of light is to reach the room served by the glazing.
  • a coloured heat exchange liquid has the advantage of being selectable in accordance with architectural requirements. Moreover the colour (and even colour concentration) can be varied for psychological reasons, that is bluish in summer to suggest cooling and reddish in winter to suggest warming. Alternatively, if indeed a. colourless heat exchange liquid, usually water, is employed with a darkened glazing, then it should be borne in mind that even a so-called colourless liquid possesses some opacity to ultra-violet and infrared radiation of suitable wavelengths and this will result in significant heating of the heat exchange liquid.
  • colouring is used herein to denote both the addition of colouring material to the heat exchange liquid and the absence of any such additive.
  • the invention is indeed not limited to the use of darkened glazing and/or darkened heat exchange liquid.
  • the absorptive character of normal water may be used in combination with normal colourless glass. It is envisaged that such usage could be employed with an external sunshade of a type which will block out light and nevertheless allow transmission of infrared radiation.
  • Such usage of the glazing system according to the invention might not then be so much with large scale industrial or commercial buildings, but more on a domestic scale. Nevertheless, it could provide for useful heating of water and again passage through the closed circuit as a heat exchange liquid.
  • the front and rear glazing members of a glazing system according to the invention may simply be opposed panels of glass or plastics material as in double glazing, such an arrangement will not allow a particularly convenient flow of heat exchange liquid to be achieved.
  • a panel generally being formed of synthetic plastics material having opposed wall members and a plurality of channels therethrough disposed preferably vertically, usually for upward flow of heat exchange fluid, but alternatively possibly horizontally between header means for supply to and removal from the panel of heat exchange liquid.
  • the panel is preferably an extrudate formed from a plurality of channels extending lengthwise thereof.
  • the panel may be formed of polycarbonate or of polypropylene and may have the extruded structure of a packaging material available in the United Kingdom from Corruplast Limited under their registered trademark "Correx". With such a structure, substantially the entire cross-section of the panel is made up of channel interiors which may be supplied with heat exchange liquid from header means.
  • This panel may take the place of conventional windows completely, but in most cases it is expected that it will be placed behind a normal type window, that is on the room side. The panel will thus form a type of secondary double glazing.
  • the walls separating the individual channels will serve to obscure vision out of the window
  • the construction of the glazing system externally of the glazing members will depend upon the manner in which the absorbed solar radiation is to be dissipated. The absorbed energy may be dissipated in a wide variety of generally useful ways.
  • the atmosphere can be dissipated to the atmosphere by heat exchange with air blown into a room or dissipated at a location where heating up of the atmosphere is of no consequence, for which receives little insolation through generally being in the shade.
  • the heat by heat transfer in an indirect heat exchange with water to be heated at a position remote from the glazing members.
  • Such water can be for supply to the hot water system of the building or alternatively may form part of a central heating system in the building.
  • the thermal energy need not only be dissipated as heat. Should the heat exchange liquid be of a thermally activatable fluorescent or luminescent character then the absorbed radiation may be employed to activate the light emitting character of the fluid which may be utilised at a location remote from the window for illumination purposes. Such illumination may be employed at locations where a low level of lighting is required such as in underground car parks, tunnels etc. At any location where the fluid reaches a transparent wall member, illumination will occur. This may be thus a transparent tube section or a flat panel section.
  • the luminescent or fluorescent fluid may also be stored in containers to retain the luminosity so that in the night time when irradiation of the fluid by solar radiation is not occurring, the pumping system associated with the glazing can operate to extract the liquid from the store and provide for example a low level of security illumination within the building.
  • the pump employed for circulation through the overall glazing system may have a valve attached to it so that two different flurds can be passed along the ducting alternately. This will give a moving dotted line effect which would be very useful in indicating directions in which people are supposed to be travelling.
  • the two liquids do not necessarily have to be different liquids; they may be the same luminescent or fluorescent fluid but in two different states of activity.
  • the luminescent or fluorescent liquid does not necessarily have to be a true solution.
  • a luminescent or fluorescent chemical may be contained in a micro balloon.
  • very small quantities of solid luminescent materials may be carried by means of any suitable base liquid through the duct system associated with the glazing.
  • the heat exchange liquid When the heat exchange liquid is rendered dark to enhance the absorption of thermal radiation, it may even be rendered black, but obviously not to an extent such as to prevent passage of light therethrough. Under no circumstances must the heat exchange liquid be rendered completely opaque since then there will be the problem that thermal radiation will also only be capable of absorption at surface molecular layers of the heat exchange liquid where local overheating may occur affecting the front wall surface of the heat collector structure.
  • the heat exchange liquid when darkened, may therefore be water which may be rendered dark by the presence of colloidal materials such as graphite suspended therein. Alternatively, carbon black of suitable size for it to remain in suspension may be employed in the heat exchange liquid.
  • a particularly useful combination has been found to be the combination of suspended colloidal graphite together with a dark dye, for example a dark green dye dissolved in the heat exchange liquid.
  • FIGURE 1 shows in vertical cross-section a window of a glazing system according to the invention and FIGURE 2 shows diagrammatically an arrangement for achieving essential heat dissipation from, a glazing system according to the invention.
  • FIG. 1 there is installed in masonry 1 existing glazing 2 within frame 3.
  • a frame 4 of a solar window 5 formed of extruded plastics material having channels extending lengthwise thereof (although not shown extending vertically in the assembled window).
  • the frame 4 provides header means for supply of heat exchange fluid through an inlet duct 6 and removal of heat exchange fluid through a duct 7.
  • Adjoining Figure 1 is Figure la showing a section through the window 5, indicating the manner of formation of the channels.
  • Figure 2 shows a series of solar windows A to I as might be present in one wall of an office building.
  • the windows form part of a flow system which comprises a storage tank 11 which may be in the basement or the roof of a building, a pump 12, a supply duct 13 having branches 14, 15 and 16 to the respective floors of the. building each branch including an auxiliary pump 17.
  • a low temperature space heater 18 having a thermo valve 19, an expansion tank 20 and heat exchanger 21.
  • Not all of the thermal content of the flowing liquid will have been removed at the space heaters and heat exchanger and accordingly at roof level there is Drovided a fan driven excess heat dissinator 22.
  • a three way valve 23 is available in case it is not re ⁇ uired to use the heat dissiBator.
  • a duct 24 serves for return of heat exchange fluid to the tank 11.

Abstract

In order to achieve dissipation of heat from large areas of glazing in buildings in which solar radiation is directly incident, there are provided opposed glazing members as in an extruded panel (5) through which a heat exchange liquid flows in a closed circuit to dissipate its heat at a location remote from the window. The heat exchange liquid is coloured in such manner as to allow solar radiation incident on the front glazing member to pass through the heat exchange liquid so that its infrared component is at least partially absorbed and the colourings of the heat exchange liquid and of the glazing members are such that light is able to pass therethrough into the room provided with the glazing.

Description

"IMPROVEMENT IN OR RELATING TO WINDOWS"
This invention relates to windows and in particular to windows of large surface area in relation to rooms which they serve. It is increasingly common practice in building construction, especially in construction of large busines and commercial premises, to employ windows of large surface area in relation to the rooms or other spaces to which they are intended to introduce external natural light. In many buildings, these windows are not capable of opening, the buildings being served by air conditioning systems. Particularly with high rise buildings which are exposed to a greater amount of solar radiation, it is the practice to reduce glare within the buildings by employing a tinted or a reflective glazing in order to minimize the amount of light passing therethrough. Both forms of glazing are not very popular with persons inside the building, especially the reflective glazing which indeed is a source of nuisance to people outside the building; indeed reflective types of glazing while controlling solar radiation input, reflects solar energy onto north facing sides of adjacent buildings in the northern hemisphere (south facing in the southern hemisphere). With tinted glass, there is the significant disadvantage that whilst the light may be cut out, infrared radiation is not; it is absorbed by the glass and long wavelength radiant thermal energy is re emitted into a room fitted with the window and can still lead to considerable heating up to an extent which air conditioning may be unable to cope with, especially if, as a result of the use of partitioning, the space within the building does not benefit from the air conditioning to the same extent at all locations. Otherwise particularly powerful air conditioning systems are needed. There is also the risk that, because of the darkening of the glass, some heat will be absorbed by the glass to a greater extent and with colourless glass, unless the glass is correctly mounted, there is a risk of greater expansion and possible cracking thereof as a result of thermal stress.
It is an object of the invention to provide a form of glazing which is effective in reducing insolation in buildings without having the aforementioned disadvantages.
According to the present invention, there is provided, in or for use in a building, a glazing system including glazing which comprises a front glazing member on which solar radiation is to be incident, which glazing member is transparent or translucent, and a rear glazing member opposed to said glazing member and which is likewise transparent or translucent, which glazing members define therebetween at least one passage for throughflow of a liquid as part of a duct means comprised by or to be installed with the glazing members and comprising appropriate components for forming a closed circuit passing externally of the glazing members for passage of a heat exchange liquid and dissipation of absorbed solar energy at a position external of the glazing members, the colouring of the heat exchange liquid being such that solar radiation incident on the front glazing member is able to pass through the heat exchange liquid whereby its infrared component is at least partially absorbed thereby and light is able to pass therethrough in accordance with the optical densitie of the heat exchange liquid and the materials from which the front and rear glazing members are made.
By employing a cooling system passing through the glazing system, it is intended to remove from the glazing and thereby prevent from affecting the temperature in the room a major proportion of the thermal energy which would otherwise work to raise the temperature within the room. One or both of the front and rear glazing members may be made of a darkened material thereby to reduce the amount of glare within the room. It is also possible for the heat exchange liquid to be coloured. This will have the advantage of enabling the maximum amount of thermal energy to be absorbed directly by the heat exchange liquid and remo.\ed from the glazing members. If a darkened heat exchange liquid is employed, then use of darkened glazing material becomes optional and may even need to be avoided if an adequate amount of light is to reach the room served by the glazing. Indeed a coloured heat exchange liquid has the advantage of being selectable in accordance with architectural requirements. Moreover the colour (and even colour concentration) can be varied for psychological reasons, that is bluish in summer to suggest cooling and reddish in winter to suggest warming. Alternatively, if indeed a. colourless heat exchange liquid, usually water, is employed with a darkened glazing, then it should be borne in mind that even a so-called colourless liquid possesses some opacity to ultra-violet and infrared radiation of suitable wavelengths and this will result in significant heating of the heat exchange liquid. The term "colouring" is used herein to denote both the addition of colouring material to the heat exchange liquid and the absence of any such additive.
It should be noted that the invention is indeed not limited to the use of darkened glazing and/or darkened heat exchange liquid. In some cases the absorptive character of normal water may be used in combination with normal colourless glass. It is envisaged that such usage could be employed with an external sunshade of a type which will block out light and nevertheless allow transmission of infrared radiation. Such usage of the glazing system according to the invention might not then be so much with large scale industrial or commercial buildings, but more on a domestic scale. Nevertheless, it could provide for useful heating of water and again passage through the closed circuit as a heat exchange liquid. Although in principle the front and rear glazing members of a glazing system according to the invention may simply be opposed panels of glass or plastics material as in double glazing, such an arrangement will not allow a particularly convenient flow of heat exchange liquid to be achieved. Apart from the question of the existence of air bubbles of varying size, there is the problem of header constructions to the glazing and also the much greater risk of leakages. Accordingly, it is preferred to employ, to provide the front and rear wall members and ducting therebetween for heat exchange liquid, a panel, generally being formed of synthetic plastics material having opposed wall members and a plurality of channels therethrough disposed preferably vertically, usually for upward flow of heat exchange fluid, but alternatively possibly horizontally between header means for supply to and removal from the panel of heat exchange liquid. The panel is preferably an extrudate formed from a plurality of channels extending lengthwise thereof. For example,, the panel may be formed of polycarbonate or of polypropylene and may have the extruded structure of a packaging material available in the United Kingdom from Corruplast Limited under their registered trademark "Correx". With such a structure, substantially the entire cross-section of the panel is made up of channel interiors which may be supplied with heat exchange liquid from header means. This panel may take the place of conventional windows completely, but in most cases it is expected that it will be placed behind a normal type window, that is on the room side. The panel will thus form a type of secondary double glazing.
Insofar as it may be considered that the walls separating the individual channels will serve to obscure vision out of the window, it is possible to select heat exchange liquids which possess refractive indices matched to the refractive index of the plastics material from which the panel is made so that a generally clear and uninterrupted view may be obtained through the glazing while the heat exchange liquid is therein . The construction of the glazing system externally of the glazing members will depend upon the manner in which the absorbed solar radiation is to be dissipated. The absorbed energy may be dissipated in a wide variety of generally useful ways. In the simplest case, it can be dissipated to the atmosphere by heat exchange with air blown into a room or dissipated at a location where heating up of the atmosphere is of no consequence, for which receives little insolation through generally being in the shade. However of greater value is the utilisation of the heat by heat transfer in an indirect heat exchange with water to be heated at a position remote from the glazing members. Such water can be for supply to the hot water system of the building or alternatively may form part of a central heating system in the building. In this latter case, use can be made of the considerable amounts of thermal radiation incident at particular locations of a building in accordance with the position of the sun to heat such locations or other locations in the building, while parts of the building not receiving such heating are provided with auxiliary heating in accordance with the tine of year and general atmospheric temperature. It is estimated that for a large office building many megowatt hours per year of normally wasted solar energy may be utilised leading to savings which may be reckoned in terms of thousands or hundreds of thousands of barrels of oil.
The thermal energy need not only be dissipated as heat. Should the heat exchange liquid be of a thermally activatable fluorescent or luminescent character then the absorbed radiation may be employed to activate the light emitting character of the fluid which may be utilised at a location remote from the window for illumination purposes. Such illumination may be employed at locations where a low level of lighting is required such as in underground car parks, tunnels etc. At any location where the fluid reaches a transparent wall member, illumination will occur. This may be thus a transparent tube section or a flat panel section.
The luminescent or fluorescent fluid may also be stored in containers to retain the luminosity so that in the night time when irradiation of the fluid by solar radiation is not occurring, the pumping system associated with the glazing can operate to extract the liquid from the store and provide for example a low level of security illumination within the building. Moreover, when employing a luminescent or fluorescent liquid, the pump employed for circulation through the overall glazing system may have a valve attached to it so that two different flurds can be passed along the ducting alternately. This will give a moving dotted line effect which would be very useful in indicating directions in which people are supposed to be travelling. The two liquids do not necessarily have to be different liquids; they may be the same luminescent or fluorescent fluid but in two different states of activity. The luminescent or fluorescent liquid does not necessarily have to be a true solution. A luminescent or fluorescent chemical may be contained in a micro balloon. In fact very small quantities of solid luminescent materials may be carried by means of any suitable base liquid through the duct system associated with the glazing.
When the heat exchange liquid is rendered dark to enhance the absorption of thermal radiation, it may even be rendered black, but obviously not to an extent such as to prevent passage of light therethrough. Under no circumstances must the heat exchange liquid be rendered completely opaque since then there will be the problem that thermal radiation will also only be capable of absorption at surface molecular layers of the heat exchange liquid where local overheating may occur affecting the front wall surface of the heat collector structure. The heat exchange liquid, when darkened, may therefore be water which may be rendered dark by the presence of colloidal materials such as graphite suspended therein. Alternatively, carbon black of suitable size for it to remain in suspension may be employed in the heat exchange liquid. A particularly useful combination has been found to be the combination of suspended colloidal graphite together with a dark dye, for example a dark green dye dissolved in the heat exchange liquid.
For a better understanding of the invention and to show how the same may be carried into, effect reference will now be made by way of example only to the accompanying drawings wherein:-
FIGURE 1 shows in vertical cross-section a window of a glazing system according to the invention and FIGURE 2 shows diagrammatically an arrangement for achieving essential heat dissipation from, a glazing system according to the invention.
Referring to Figure 1, there is installed in masonry 1 existing glazing 2 within frame 3. On the room interior side of the frame 3 is a frame 4 of a solar window 5 formed of extruded plastics material having channels extending lengthwise thereof (although not shown extending vertically in the assembled window). The frame 4 provides header means for supply of heat exchange fluid through an inlet duct 6 and removal of heat exchange fluid through a duct 7. Adjoining Figure 1 is Figure la showing a section through the window 5, indicating the manner of formation of the channels. Figure 2 shows a series of solar windows A to I as might be present in one wall of an office building. The windows form part of a flow system which comprises a storage tank 11 which may be in the basement or the roof of a building, a pump 12, a supply duct 13 having branches 14, 15 and 16 to the respective floors of the. building each branch including an auxiliary pump 17. Associated with the circuit at the level of any one floor is a low temperature space heater 18 having a thermo valve 19, an expansion tank 20 and heat exchanger 21. Not all of the thermal content of the flowing liquid will have been removed at the space heaters and heat exchanger and accordingly at roof level there is Drovided a fan driven excess heat dissinator 22. A three way valve 23 is available in case it is not reαuired to use the heat dissiBator. A duct 24 serves for return of heat exchange fluid to the tank 11.

Claims

Claims:
1. For use in a building, a glazing system including glazing which comprises a front glazing member on which solar radiation is to be incident during use thereof, which glazing member is transparent or translucent, and a rear glazing member opposed to said front glazing member and which is likewise transparent or translucent, which glazing members define therebetwee at least one passage for throughflow of a liquid as part of duct means comprised by or to be installed with the glazing members and comprising appropriate component for forming a closed circuit passing externally of the glazing member for passage of a heat exchange liquid and dissipation of absorbed solar radiation at a location external of the glazing members, the colouring of the heat exchange liquid being such that solar radiation incident on the front glazing member is able to pass through the heat exchange liquid whereby its infrared component is at least partially absorbed thereby and light is able to pass therethrough in accordance with the optical densities of the heat exchange liquid and the materials from which the front and rear glazing members are made.
2. A system as claimed in claim 1, wherein said glazing members are comprised by a panel having opposed wall members and a plurality of channels extending therethrough arid connected at their respective ends to header means.
3. A system as claimed in claim 2, wherein the panel is formed of polycarbonate plastics material.
4. A system as claimed in any one of the preceding claims which additionally comprises heat exchanger means externally of said glazing members for dissipation of the heat content of the heat exchange fluid to achieve heating of air or of water in a hot water system or a central heating system.
5. A building comprising a combined glazing system and closed circuit containing heat exchange fluid, the glazing system including glazing which comprises a front glazing member on which solar radiation is to be incident during use thereof, which glazing member is transparent or translucent, and a rear glazing member, opposed to said front glazing member which is likewise transparent or translucent, which glazing members define therebetween at least one passage for throughflow of a liquid, said at least one passage forming part of said closed circuit which passes externally of the glazing member for dissipation of solar radiation absorbed by the liquid which has passed between the glazing members, the colouring of the exchange liquid being such that solar radiation incident, on the front glazing member is able to pass through the heat exchange liquid whereby its infrared component is at least partially absorbed thereby and light is able to .pass therethrough in accordance with the optical densities of the heat exchange liquid and the materials from which the front and rear glazing members are made.
6. A building as claimed in claim 6 , wherein said glazing members are comprised by a panel having opposed wall members and a plurality of channels extending therethrough and connected at their respective ends to header means.
7. A building as claimed in claim 6, wherein the refractive indices of the material from which the panel is made and of the heat exchange liquid are substantially identical.
8. A building as claimed in claim 6, wherein the panel is formed of polycarbonate plastics material.
9. A building as claimed in any one of claims 5 to 8, wherein the closed circuit passes through heat exchanger means externally of said glazing members for dissipation of the heat content of the heat exchange fluid to achieve heating of air or water in a hot water system or a central heating system.
10. A building as claimed in any one of claims 5 to 9, wherein the heat exchange liquid is rendered dark to enhance the absorption of thermal radiation therein but not sufficiently opaque as to prevent passag of visible light through into the building.
11. A building as claimed in any one of claims 5 to 9, wherein the heat exchange fluid contains a fluorescent or luminescent pigment or dye therein which is thermally actuable and the closed circuit comprises a section external to the glazing at which the luminescence imparted to the fluid may be viewed and illumination thereby achieved.
12. A building as claimed in claim 11, wherein the heat exchange liquid comprises suspended therein micro balloons having a luminescent or fluorescent substance optionally in solid form.
PCT/GB1982/000273 1981-09-17 1982-09-17 Improvement in or relating to windows WO1983001103A1 (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP50271082A JPS58501478A (en) 1981-09-18 1982-09-17 window improvements
PCT/GB1982/000273 WO1983001103A1 (en) 1981-09-17 1982-09-17 Improvement in or relating to windows

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB8128190 1981-09-17
PCT/GB1982/000273 WO1983001103A1 (en) 1981-09-17 1982-09-17 Improvement in or relating to windows

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2185098B (en) * 1985-11-22 1989-10-11 John Patrick Barnard Solar heating system
WO2007065783A2 (en) * 2005-12-06 2007-06-14 Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. Device and method for the technical utilization of solar power
WO2013000776A1 (en) * 2011-06-30 2013-01-03 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Solar array, arrangement with a plurality of solar arrays and use of the solar array or the arrangement

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US3107052A (en) * 1959-05-08 1963-10-15 Joel F Garrison Radiation collectors
DE2637914A1 (en) * 1976-08-23 1978-03-02 Kleinwaechter Johann Prof Dr I Double-layer solar energy collector with variable transmissivity - esp. for use on greenhouses
DE2736137A1 (en) * 1977-08-11 1979-05-03 Peter Ing Grad Schmeisser Solar radiation heat collecting window - forms part of heat pump system and uses several coated, high-grade glass panes
US4169460A (en) * 1977-01-26 1979-10-02 Popovich John M Solar converter system with thermal overload protection
DE2851513A1 (en) * 1978-11-29 1980-06-12 Bayer Ag Fluorescent collector contg. perylene carboxylic acid dyestuff - or its ester, amide or cyclic imide useful for solar cell, scintillator or display
EP0022389A1 (en) * 1979-06-22 1981-01-14 COMMISSARIAT A L'ENERGIE ATOMIQUE Etablissement de Caractère Scientifique Technique et Industriel Process and apparatus for air conditioning greenhouses and cloches

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3107052A (en) * 1959-05-08 1963-10-15 Joel F Garrison Radiation collectors
DE2637914A1 (en) * 1976-08-23 1978-03-02 Kleinwaechter Johann Prof Dr I Double-layer solar energy collector with variable transmissivity - esp. for use on greenhouses
US4169460A (en) * 1977-01-26 1979-10-02 Popovich John M Solar converter system with thermal overload protection
DE2736137A1 (en) * 1977-08-11 1979-05-03 Peter Ing Grad Schmeisser Solar radiation heat collecting window - forms part of heat pump system and uses several coated, high-grade glass panes
DE2851513A1 (en) * 1978-11-29 1980-06-12 Bayer Ag Fluorescent collector contg. perylene carboxylic acid dyestuff - or its ester, amide or cyclic imide useful for solar cell, scintillator or display
EP0022389A1 (en) * 1979-06-22 1981-01-14 COMMISSARIAT A L'ENERGIE ATOMIQUE Etablissement de Caractère Scientifique Technique et Industriel Process and apparatus for air conditioning greenhouses and cloches

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2185098B (en) * 1985-11-22 1989-10-11 John Patrick Barnard Solar heating system
WO2007065783A2 (en) * 2005-12-06 2007-06-14 Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. Device and method for the technical utilization of solar power
WO2007065783A3 (en) * 2005-12-06 2007-09-13 Deutsch Zentr Luft & Raumfahrt Device and method for the technical utilization of solar power
WO2013000776A1 (en) * 2011-06-30 2013-01-03 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Solar array, arrangement with a plurality of solar arrays and use of the solar array or the arrangement
CN103797312A (en) * 2011-06-30 2014-05-14 Ksb股份公司 Solar field, arrangement with a plurality of solar fields and use of the solar field or the arrangement

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