WO1983003255A1 - A method of producing a liquid-absorbing granulate and also a liquid-absorbing granulate made by the method - Google Patents

A method of producing a liquid-absorbing granulate and also a liquid-absorbing granulate made by the method Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1983003255A1
WO1983003255A1 PCT/DK1983/000030 DK8300030W WO8303255A1 WO 1983003255 A1 WO1983003255 A1 WO 1983003255A1 DK 8300030 W DK8300030 W DK 8300030W WO 8303255 A1 WO8303255 A1 WO 8303255A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fibres
granulate
cellulose
liquid
clay
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/DK1983/000030
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Skarrehage Molervaerk A/S Skamol
Jorgen Boll
Leo Fischer Julh
Original Assignee
Skamol Skarrehage Molerverk As
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Skamol Skarrehage Molerverk As filed Critical Skamol Skarrehage Molerverk As
Publication of WO1983003255A1 publication Critical patent/WO1983003255A1/en

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K1/00—Housing animals; Equipment therefor
    • A01K1/015—Floor coverings, e.g. bedding-down sheets ; Stable floors
    • A01K1/0152—Litter
    • A01K1/0154—Litter comprising inorganic material
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K1/00—Housing animals; Equipment therefor
    • A01K1/015—Floor coverings, e.g. bedding-down sheets ; Stable floors
    • A01K1/0152—Litter
    • A01K1/0155—Litter comprising organic material

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Animal Husbandry (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)

Abstract

By the method of producing a liquid-absorbing granulate, the basic material which may be clay and/or diatomite is admixtured a fibre material such as cellulose filament. By this it has turned out that among other things till now unutilized clay deposits may be used for the purpose and also that you may omit to burn the granulate which otherwise is necessary as regards the well-known granulate of moler which contains no appreciable ashes. It has turned out that recycling paper may be used as a suitable and cheap fibre material. A liquid-absorbing granulate produced according to the invention consists of a basic material such as clay, under here moler, sepiolite, attapulgite, kaolin or mixtures of these or diatomite and a fibre material such as cellulose filament, e.g. wood fibre cellulose, straw cellulose fibres, hemp cellulose fibres, mineral wool fibres, ceramic fibres, plastic fibres, woolastonite fibers.

Description

A method of producing a liquid-absorbing granulate and also a liquid-absorbing granulate made by the method.
The invention relates to a method of producing a liquid- absorbing granulate, especially used for cat litter and for shop floors to absorb oil, and also a liquid-absor¬ bing granulate produced according to the method.
There exists knowledge of a granulate used as above which is based on moler under +19. In the moler deposits there are more than 200 'ash layers in all, of which the 179 thickest and easiest recognizable ones are numbered from +140 to -39. The ash layers are irregularly distributed down through the 55-60 m of moler deposits. There is an ash section of approx. 20 in the upper part of the mo¬ ler, consisting of 118 tightlying ash layers (No. +1 to +118). At the very top there is 5-10 m moler with only 22 ash layers, viz. +119 to +140. The nethermost appr. 30 of deposits only have 39 very scattered ash layers, -1 to -39. The industies are only interested in that part of the moler which is poorest in ashes, meaning the part be¬ ing below the ash layer +19- The moler deposits above +19 have hitherto been without interest because of their large amount of ash layers.
There is a well-known method of producing a granulate which is used for cat litter and floor litter and which is based on moler below +19. By that method the raw moler and re-cir¬ culated dust are led to a combined grinding and crushing a- chine where it is hacked to pills of a size of 0-13 mm, and next it is led to dehydration at 100 C- After dehydration a fractionation takes place, by which the granulate with a grain size of 2^—10 mm continues on to be burned in a rotary kiln. After that another fractionation takes place by which approx. 10% of dust appears as a residue.
The final product next continues on to the packing or storing facilities. By the fractionation which is carried out after the dehrydration the grains with a grain size of more than 10 mm are conveyed to a crusher and from there back to the fractionation. Grains with a grain size under 2 mm are mixed into the moler as re-circulated dust.
From the description of the Danish patent No. 127 410 there is a well-known method of producing an absorbing granulate of moler, but that method gives a large waste in the form of dust which cannot be reused. Furthermore the granulate made by that method does not possess quite a satisfactory hardness and it may also have a tendency of disintegrating i water.
The granulate must fulf l.certain conditions as to the abili¬ ty to absorb, to strength, to set-off and to colour. The ab¬ sorbing ability for the given purpose must alltogether be as good as possible. It is also essential hat the grains pos¬ sess a certain compression strength so that they are able to bear the pressures which occur during storage and shipment and also when used as floor litter, so that it will not be crushed under a foot's load.
As to set-off, this to some extent will depend on the colour, as a neutral colour as grey or golden allows for more set-off than does the characteristic reddish colour of moler.
The purpose of the invention is to indicate a method of pro¬ ducing a granulate which fulfils the above conditions and which enables the use of another substance than moler under +19.
In connection with the invention it has turned out that if the raw clay is mixed with a fibre substance such as cellu¬ lose filament, by way of example wood fibre cellulose, straw cellulose fibres, hemp cellulose fibres, mineral wool fibres. ceramic fibres, plastic fibres (polypropylene) , glass fi¬ bres, wollastonite, for the purpose you may use deposits of clay which have not yet been utilized and diatomite and still obtain a granulate with properties which are compar- able with those of a granulate made traditionally from mo¬ ler occurences under +19. Besides it appears that the well- known moler granulate will obtain materially better proper¬ ties when some fibre substance is mixed with it. Thus you may use thetill now un-utilized moler deposits above +19. Even other sorts of clay, such as sepiolite, attapulgite, kaolin, brick-clay etc. may be used together with diatomite. A cheap material available is recycling paper and cardboard.
A method of producing a granulate going out from moler above +19 and recycling paper is that by which the recycling paper is split up in a paper mill. The split-up paper, the moler above +19 and sifted-out dust from the final product and al¬ so possible large grain sizes separated by the fractionation having passed an extruder are mixed in a kneading machine, from which the mixture is conveyed to the extruder, which makes pills out of the substance. After extrusion a fractio¬ nation may take place, as already mentioned. Next the pills are dried and the drying may prospectively take place in a rotary kiln, in a drying conveyor or by air-drying, of which the last-mentioned has proved to be the best method. As ear- lier mentioned a fractionation takes places after the drying and by that the dust is sifted out and brought to the mixer. After that the finished material will be taken to the pack¬ ing.
Compared with the production of the well-known granulates it should be notified that the production according to the in¬ vention is energy-saving for that reason alone that easier accessible clay deposits may be utilized and - which is es¬ sential - that the burning of the pills may be omitted. Be- sides the method gives a larger profit, as the dust which is sifted out by the well-known method as a waste may be returned into the mixture. The procedure just described is not exclusively meant for producing the granulate based on moler above +19 and recycling paper, but it is also applic¬ able for other basic materials. As to admitting the fibres, this must be adapted to the material in speech; thus mine¬ ral wool fibres and ceramic; fibres are dispersed in water before they are admitted.
On the following pages the invention will be illustrated more explicitly by some examples.
Example 1
A granulate consisting of 90% moler below +19 and 10% split- up paper is produced. (The indicated percentages are based on dry weight) . The paper is split up by means of a stirring propeller in water. The paper pulp and the moler are mixed in a agitator mixer while anadequate amount of water is ad¬ ded, i.e. until the mixture is extrudable. The mixture is extruded and the granulate is dried at 110 C.
The granulate made in this manner has the following charac¬ teristics:
Density: 387 kg/m3 estLnghouse oil 64.05% water: 99.65%,
The Mop-test: before the test 99.86 g over 1.19 mm after the test 79.38 - - 1.19 - 79.49% granulate - 1.19 - after the test
It should be observed that the granulate does not disinte- grate in water.
"SURET Example 2
To enable a comparison we have made a granulate like the one in example 1, but without adding paper.
The granulate produced by that has the following character- 5 istics:
Density: 521 kg/m 3 estinghouse oil: 57.45% water 113.40%
The Mop-test: Before the test 90.30 g over 1.19 mm 10 after the test 16.39 - - 1.19 -
18.13% granulate - 1.19 - after the test It should be observed that the granulate disintegrates in wa¬ ter.
Example 3
15 A granulate consisting of 90% moler above +19 from which the ashes have been sifted out as indicated in the description of the Danish patent No. 127 410 and 10% split-up paper is produced. The production method is the same as for example 1.
The granulate produced has the following characteristics:
3
20 Density: 451 kg/m
Westinghouse oil: 51.95% water: 60.20%
The Mop-test: Before the test 99.79 g over 1.19 mm after the test 58.93 g - 1.19 - 25 59.07% granulate - 1.19 - after the test. It should be observed that the granulate does not disinte¬ grate in water.
Example 4
To enable a comparison we have made a granulate like the one in example 3, but without adding paper.
The granulate produced by that has the following charac¬ teristics:
3 Density: 475 kg/m
Westinghouse oil: 59.95% - water: 66.60%
The Mop-test: Before the test 98.16 g over 1.19 mm after the test 1.26 - - 1.19 - 1.28% granulate - 1.19 - after the test.
It should be observed that the granulate disintegrates in water.
Example 5
A granulate of 90% moler above +19, without sifting out the ashes, and 10% split-up paper is produced. The production method is the same as for example 1.
The granulate produced has the.following characteristics:
3 Density: 475 kg/m
Westinghouse oil: 48.35% water: 55.15% The Mop-test: Before the test 98.31 g over 1.19 mm fc. after the test 45.95 - - 1.19 - 46.74% granulate - 1.19 - after the test.
It should be observed that the granulate does not disinte- 5 grate in water.
Example 6
For comparison a granulate of moler like that of example 5 is made, but no paper is added. The granulate is dried at 150-250°C in a rotary kiln.
10 The granulate produced has the following characteristics:
3 Density: 644 kg/m
Westinghouse oil: 51.80%
- water: 108.40%
The Mop-test: Before the test 77.40 g over 1.19 mm 15 after the test 28.74 - - 1.19 -
37.13% granulate - 1.19 - after the . test.
It should be observed that the granulate disintegrates slightly in water.
20 Example 7
A granulate like the one in example 3 is made, however, the paper is replaced by 10% straw cellulose.
The material produced has the following characteristics:
Density: 485 kg/m3
Westinghouse oil: 55.81% 8
Westinghouse water: 67.00%
The Mop-test: Before the test 99.52 g over 1.19 mm after the test 81.39 g - 1.19 -
81.78% granulate - 1.19 - after the test.
It should be observed that the granulate does not disinte¬ grate in water.
O PI

Claims

Claims
1. Method of producing a liquid-absorbing granulate which especially is used as cat litter and floor litter and c h a r a c t e r i z e d b y the material being admix- tured a fibre material such as cellulose filament, by way of example wood fibre cellulose, straw cellulose fibres, hemp cellulose fibres, mineral wool fibres, ceramic fibres, plastic fibres (polypropylene) , glass fibres, wollastonite fibres before the pulp is moulded into pills.
2. A method as claimed in Claim 1, c h a r a c t e r ¬ i z e d b y the fibre material being split up e*g. by being dispersed in water before it is mixed with the raw clay or the diatomite, and possible sifted-out dust from the end product and large grain sizes are admixtured during the production, after which the pulp is moulded into pills, which next are dried, e.g. in a rotary kiln of the co-cur¬ rent type, in a conveyor-drier or open-air drier, after which the material is packed, possibly after a preceding sifting-out of the dust.
3. A liquid-absorbing granulate, especially being used as cat litter and floor litter, c h a r a c t e r i z e d b y the fact that it consists of a material such as clay, under here moler, brick-clay, sepiolite, attapulgite, kao¬ lin or mixtures of these, or diatomite and a fibre material, such as cellulose filament, e.g. wood fibre cellulose, straw cellulose fibres, hemp cellulose fibres, mineral wool fibres, ceramic fibres, plastic fibres, glass fibres, wol¬ lastonitefibres.
4. A granulate according to Claim 3, c h a r a c t e r - i z e d b y the fact that the fibre material makes out a percentage by weight between 5 and 25.
PCT/DK1983/000030 1982-03-11 1983-03-10 A method of producing a liquid-absorbing granulate and also a liquid-absorbing granulate made by the method WO1983003255A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DK1059/82820311 1982-03-11
DK105982A DK105982A (en) 1982-03-11 1982-03-11 PROCEDURE FOR THE PREPARATION OF LIQUID PREPARING GRANULATE AND A LIQUID PREPARING GRANULATE PREPARED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE PROCEDURE

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EP (1) EP0113729A1 (en)
DK (1) DK105982A (en)
WO (1) WO1983003255A1 (en)

Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1986000496A1 (en) * 1984-07-17 1986-01-30 East West Minerals N.L. Absorbent clay
EP0221220A1 (en) * 1985-10-31 1987-05-13 Mouawad, Paul Process for manufacturing highly water absorbing and water retaining granulates, these granulates and their use, especially agriculturally
FR2611432A1 (en) * 1985-03-21 1988-09-09 Lowe Henry Prepn. of non-clay cat box filler
EP0392444A1 (en) * 1989-04-10 1990-10-17 Organ-Faser Technology Company N.V. Animal litter
US5176107A (en) * 1989-07-24 1993-01-05 Buschur Jeffrey J Pet litter
US5188064A (en) * 1991-10-07 1993-02-23 Venture Innovations, Inc. Clumping cat litter
EP0619140A2 (en) * 1993-04-07 1994-10-12 Süd-Chemie Ag Process dor production of sorbent agents based on cellulosic fibres, wooden chips and clay materials
US5452684A (en) * 1994-05-24 1995-09-26 American Colloid Company Method of agglomerating a smectite clay litter
ES2087831A1 (en) * 1994-12-22 1996-07-16 Tolsa Sa Absorbent animal litter comprised of sepiolite and process for the preparation thereof
WO1996025037A1 (en) * 1995-02-15 1996-08-22 Janusz Wisniewski Litter for small domestic animals, especially for cats
WO1998058532A1 (en) * 1997-06-23 1998-12-30 Herbst Juergen Materials containing paper and clay substances and method for producing the same
WO1999016302A1 (en) * 1997-10-01 1999-04-08 Rolf Warnke Animal litter and a method for producing the same
DE19814910A1 (en) * 1998-04-03 1999-10-14 Hanf Faser Fabrik Uckermark Gm Pelleting hemp scrapings from fiber manufacture to give product useful e.g. in cat litter
DE19956948A1 (en) * 1999-11-26 2001-06-13 Technologie Transfer Zentrum A Growth and/or immobilizing devices for microorganisms for use in air- or water-treatment biofilters comprise a porous body made from a by-product from natural fiber recovery processes and a completely biodegradable binder
CN106140086A (en) * 2016-06-30 2016-11-23 合肥工业大学 A kind of preparation method and applications of porous biological carrier adsorbing material
CN113598072A (en) * 2021-08-31 2021-11-05 云麻溯源生物科技(上海)有限公司 Industrial hemp cat litter with antibacterial and deodorizing functions and preparation method thereof

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3735734A (en) * 1970-12-15 1973-05-29 Lipton Inc Thomas J Odor suppressing litter material
DE2725687A1 (en) * 1977-06-07 1978-12-21 Oil Dri Corp Of America Gypsum granules for absorption on liquids - used to absorb oils, fats, water e.g. animal excrement, as supports for chemicals e.g. agriculture and as soil conditioning agents
US4203388A (en) * 1976-03-31 1980-05-20 Brown Company Animal litter and process
DE3031200A1 (en) * 1979-08-18 1981-03-19 Tokuyama Soda K.K., Tokuyama, Yamaguchi LIQUID-ABSORBING MOLDED BODY
EP0039522A2 (en) * 1980-05-02 1981-11-11 Cornelis Jacobus Maria Kok Process for the preparation of a liquid-absorbing and shock-absorbing material
DE3017352A1 (en) * 1980-05-06 1981-11-12 Franz Xaver 6345 Eschenburg Kneer Litter e.g. cat litter for conversion of animal excrement - in the form of pellets obtd. by compression of partially rotted organic compost with plastic clay

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3735734A (en) * 1970-12-15 1973-05-29 Lipton Inc Thomas J Odor suppressing litter material
US4203388A (en) * 1976-03-31 1980-05-20 Brown Company Animal litter and process
DE2725687A1 (en) * 1977-06-07 1978-12-21 Oil Dri Corp Of America Gypsum granules for absorption on liquids - used to absorb oils, fats, water e.g. animal excrement, as supports for chemicals e.g. agriculture and as soil conditioning agents
DE3031200A1 (en) * 1979-08-18 1981-03-19 Tokuyama Soda K.K., Tokuyama, Yamaguchi LIQUID-ABSORBING MOLDED BODY
EP0039522A2 (en) * 1980-05-02 1981-11-11 Cornelis Jacobus Maria Kok Process for the preparation of a liquid-absorbing and shock-absorbing material
DE3017352A1 (en) * 1980-05-06 1981-11-12 Franz Xaver 6345 Eschenburg Kneer Litter e.g. cat litter for conversion of animal excrement - in the form of pellets obtd. by compression of partially rotted organic compost with plastic clay

Cited By (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1986000496A1 (en) * 1984-07-17 1986-01-30 East West Minerals N.L. Absorbent clay
FR2611432A1 (en) * 1985-03-21 1988-09-09 Lowe Henry Prepn. of non-clay cat box filler
DE3707473A1 (en) * 1985-03-21 1988-09-22 Lowe Henry E Absorbent filling material
EP0221220A1 (en) * 1985-10-31 1987-05-13 Mouawad, Paul Process for manufacturing highly water absorbing and water retaining granulates, these granulates and their use, especially agriculturally
EP0392444A1 (en) * 1989-04-10 1990-10-17 Organ-Faser Technology Company N.V. Animal litter
US5176107A (en) * 1989-07-24 1993-01-05 Buschur Jeffrey J Pet litter
US5188064A (en) * 1991-10-07 1993-02-23 Venture Innovations, Inc. Clumping cat litter
EP0619140A2 (en) * 1993-04-07 1994-10-12 Süd-Chemie Ag Process dor production of sorbent agents based on cellulosic fibres, wooden chips and clay materials
EP0619140A3 (en) * 1993-04-07 1996-02-14 Sued Chemie Ag Process dor production of sorbent agents based on cellulosic fibres, wooden chips and clay materials.
US5577463A (en) * 1994-05-24 1996-11-26 Amcol International Corporation Extruded smectite clay clumping animal litter having improved clump strength
US5452684A (en) * 1994-05-24 1995-09-26 American Colloid Company Method of agglomerating a smectite clay litter
ES2087831A1 (en) * 1994-12-22 1996-07-16 Tolsa Sa Absorbent animal litter comprised of sepiolite and process for the preparation thereof
WO1996025037A1 (en) * 1995-02-15 1996-08-22 Janusz Wisniewski Litter for small domestic animals, especially for cats
WO1998058532A1 (en) * 1997-06-23 1998-12-30 Herbst Juergen Materials containing paper and clay substances and method for producing the same
WO1999016302A1 (en) * 1997-10-01 1999-04-08 Rolf Warnke Animal litter and a method for producing the same
DE19814910A1 (en) * 1998-04-03 1999-10-14 Hanf Faser Fabrik Uckermark Gm Pelleting hemp scrapings from fiber manufacture to give product useful e.g. in cat litter
DE19956948A1 (en) * 1999-11-26 2001-06-13 Technologie Transfer Zentrum A Growth and/or immobilizing devices for microorganisms for use in air- or water-treatment biofilters comprise a porous body made from a by-product from natural fiber recovery processes and a completely biodegradable binder
DE19956948C2 (en) * 1999-11-26 2003-11-27 Technologie Transfer Zentrum A Use of a molded body from at least one by-product of natural fiber extraction and a completely biodegradable binder
CN106140086A (en) * 2016-06-30 2016-11-23 合肥工业大学 A kind of preparation method and applications of porous biological carrier adsorbing material
CN113598072A (en) * 2021-08-31 2021-11-05 云麻溯源生物科技(上海)有限公司 Industrial hemp cat litter with antibacterial and deodorizing functions and preparation method thereof

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DK105982A (en) 1983-11-21
EP0113729A1 (en) 1984-07-25

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