WO1987004206A1 - Prefabricated elements intended for the erection of facing supports and formers usable in the construction of dome-type buildings, and utilization method thereof - Google Patents

Prefabricated elements intended for the erection of facing supports and formers usable in the construction of dome-type buildings, and utilization method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1987004206A1
WO1987004206A1 PCT/FR1986/000448 FR8600448W WO8704206A1 WO 1987004206 A1 WO1987004206 A1 WO 1987004206A1 FR 8600448 W FR8600448 W FR 8600448W WO 8704206 A1 WO8704206 A1 WO 8704206A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
elements
template
building
prefabricated elements
roof
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/FR1986/000448
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Antti Lovag
Original Assignee
Gaudet, Robert, Antoine
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Gaudet, Robert, Antoine filed Critical Gaudet, Robert, Antoine
Publication of WO1987004206A1 publication Critical patent/WO1987004206A1/en

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/32—Arched structures; Vaulted structures; Folded structures
    • E04B1/3211—Structures with a vertical rotation axis or the like, e.g. semi-spherical structures
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/16—Structures made from masses, e.g. of concrete, cast or similarly formed in situ with or without making use of additional elements, such as permanent forms, substructures to be coated with load-bearing material
    • E04B1/164—Structures made from masses, e.g. of concrete, cast or similarly formed in situ with or without making use of additional elements, such as permanent forms, substructures to be coated with load-bearing material with vertical and horizontal slabs, only the horizontal slabs being partially cast in situ
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B7/00—Roofs; Roof construction with regard to insulation
    • E04B7/08—Vaulted roofs
    • E04B7/10—Shell structures, e.g. of hyperbolic-parabolic shape; Grid-like formations acting as shell structures; Folded structures
    • E04B7/102—Shell structures
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/32—Arched structures; Vaulted structures; Folded structures
    • E04B2001/3258—Arched structures; Vaulted structures; Folded structures comprised entirely of a single self-supporting panel
    • E04B2001/3264—Arched structures; Vaulted structures; Folded structures comprised entirely of a single self-supporting panel hardened in situ
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/32—Arched structures; Vaulted structures; Folded structures
    • E04B2001/327—Arched structures; Vaulted structures; Folded structures comprised of a number of panels or blocs connected together forming a self-supporting structure

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to prefabricated elements des ⁇ intended for the erection of templates and coating supports usable in the construction of buildings or roofs of the dome type, as well as their method of use. It is known that the construction of buildings or domed roofs, in particular the industrial construction of monolithic cement domes, poses technological and economic problems which are difficult to solve.
  • One of the known techniques consists in setting up a steel reinforcement, having the shape of the dome, on which a trellis is stretched. A layer of mortar is then applied by spraying, then an insulator such as polyurethane, and finally either a reinforced resin or, after placing a new reinforcement, a layer of mortar.
  • an insulator such as polyurethane
  • a reinforced resin or, after placing a new reinforcement, a layer of mortar.
  • the present invention makes it possible to solve in a simple and economical manner the problems of construction of buildings or roofs in the form of domes or the like, in particular by the use of prefabricated elements intended to be used in the production of templates, as supports. of coating and also, if desired, as insulation elements.
  • the present invention relates to prefabricated elements des ⁇ intended for the erection of templates and coating supports usable in the construction of a building or a roof having the shape of a curved surface, characterized in that said elements are panels of light material whose shape corresponds to that obtained by cutting, on said surface, of elements delimited by a curved polygon having 3 to 6 sides
  • the prefabricated elements of the invention have 4 to 6 sides . They are therefore elements delimited by curved polygons analogous to parallelograms (rectangles, diamonds, etc.) of the trapezoids, pentagons and hexagons. We know that it is possible, for example, to decompose a spherical surface into regular curved hexagons.
  • regular hexagons can be cut out on a hemisphere, the sides of which correspond to the trace, on the hemisphere, of three series of equidistant planes, one of which is parallel to the supposedly horizontal base and the other two of which are suitably inclined on either side of the vertical.
  • a building or a roof having the shape of a curved surface admitting an axis of symmetry can also be decomposed into elements delimited by a curved quadrilateral whose two opposite sides coincide respectively with the trace, on said surface, of two planes perpendicular to said axis, and whose two other opposite sides coincide respectively with the trace, on said surface, of two planes containing said axis.
  • the prefabricated elements are portions of cylindrical surface delimited by a curved rectangle, and when the building or the roof to be erected has a hemispherical or substantially hemispherical shape resting on a horizontal base , the prefabricated elements of the invention have the shape of a portion of spherical surface bounded by a quadrilateral (curved trapezoid), two opposite sides of which coincide with the trace of two horizontal planes on the sphere and the other two opposite sides of which correspond to two parts of meridians of said sphere.
  • a quadrilateral curved trapezoid
  • the elements may have any outline, provided that they can be assembled so as to produce a substantially continuous curved surface having the shape of the building to be erected.
  • the assembly of such panels, so as to produce a double shell, will allow to easily erect, as will be indicated below, a template having the shape of the desired curved surface.
  • the construction to be erected has the shape of a portion of a sphere delimited by the section by a vertical plane of a horizontal hemisphere
  • the elements prefabricated of the invention intended to serve as a template for the construction of such a semi-cylindrical extension may in this case be constituted by portions of the cylindrical surface delimited by curved rectangles, that is to say on the one hand by two planes parallel to said vertical plane and on the other hand by two planes containing the horizontal axis of the cylinder.
  • the prefabricated elements of the invention may preferably be produced using insulating materials which can be used or shaped, such as, for example, polystyrene, polyurethane, or the like. You can adjust the dimensions or shapes by simple cutting. These elements have dimensions chosen preferably to allow easy handling, for example 60 to 80 cm for the smallest dimensions of the panel, and 80 to 110 cm in height for the largest dimensions of the panel. Said elements therefore have dimensions significantly smaller than the vertical and / or horizontal dimensions of the building or roof to be erected.
  • the thickness of the panels can vary for example from 5 to 15 cm. We can also make 10 cm panels, for example, by pre-bonding two identical panels with a thickness of 5 cm.
  • the template is constructed in the form of two similar shells superimposed.
  • the subject of the invention is also a method of constructing a building or a roof in the form of a curved surface admitting an axis of symmetry using prefabricated elements as defined above.
  • This process is characterized by the fact that a template is produced by securing each other at least two joined shells each having a shape corresponding to that of said curved surface, each shell being formed by an assembly of said prefabricated elements, the inner face of the outer shell coinciding with the outer face of the adjoining inner shell.
  • the two superimposed shells can be secured to each other either by gluing, or by screwing the panels during assembly.
  • the prefabricated elements are arranged in one of said shells staggered with respect to the prefabricated elements constituting an adjoining shell, that is to say that the elements constituting a shell are offset, in at least one direction, relative to the similar elements of the second shell located opposite.
  • the elements facing the two shells can be offset with respect to each other in the horizontal direction and / or in the vertical direction.
  • the two joined shells are similar, that is to say that they are made up of elements each similar to each, except possibly in the vicinity of the base in the case of a vertical offset of the elements.
  • the elements of the same upper level are preferably identical and have a base width equal to the width at the top of the elements of the immediately lower level.
  • the template can be built either directly on a floating slab or on a base having the shape of the base of the building that the o wishes to erect.
  • the coating is applied for example by spraying according to known methods.
  • the invention also relates to a template, a building or a roof obtained according to the method described above.
  • FIG. 1 represents a perspective view, in partial section, of a template intended for the construction of a hemispherical dome and made up of elements in the form of curved quadrilaterals (trapezoids), - And Figure 2 shows a perspective view, in partial section, of a template for hemispherical dome whose elements consist of curved hexagons.
  • the template is formed of a double layer of adjoining panels arranged in staggered rows.
  • the base of the template is formed internally by a circular horizontal crown formed by the lateral assembly of identical panels such as la, b, le, ld, and externally by a crown formed by the lateral assembly of panels of greater height such as 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d.
  • the exterior panels 2a, 2b, ... are offset laterally with respect to the interior panels; for example, as can be seen, the base of the right lateral edge of the panel 2a is disposed substantially in the middle of the base of the panel lb.
  • the panels of the upper levels such as 3a, 3b, 3c, ... "or 4a, 4b, 4c ..., etc., likewise form horizontal circular crowns.
  • the panels 3a, 3b, ... and 4a, 4b ... have the same height; the panels such as 3a, 3b, ... have a base of width equal to the width at the top of elements such as la or lb on which they rest. With such dimen ⁇ sions, we see that it is possible to easily arrange the exterior panels staggered relative to the interior panels.
  • the 5 cm thick polystyrene panels have the following dimensions:
  • a layer of plaster reinforced with glass fibers was sprayed inside.
  • a hemispherical building was thus obtained in which the polystyrene template constitutes an insulating element (thickness 10 cm) between the external and internal coatings of mortar and plaster.
  • the template elements here are regular curved hexagons such as 5, except some base elements which are trapezoids (half-hexagons such as 6).
  • base elements which are trapezoids (half-hexagons such as 6).
  • trapezoids half-hexagons such as 6

Abstract

Elements usable in the construction of a building or a roof having the shape of a curved surface, characterized in that said elements are panels (1a, 2a, 3a, 4a, ...) of light material of which the shape corresponds to that which is obtained by cutting, on said surface, elements (1a, 2a, 3a, 4a, 5) delimited by a curved polygon having from three to six sides, and method characterized in that a former is made which is comprised of at least two juxtaposed shells having each a shape corresponding to that of said curved surface, each shell consisting of an assembly of said prefabricated elements, the inner face of the outer shell coinciding with the outer face of the contiguous inner shell.

Description

"Eléments préfabriqués destinés à l'érection de gabarits et de supports de revêtement utilisables dans la construction de bâtiments du type dôme, et leur procédé d'utilisation". "Prefabricated elements intended for the erection of templates and covering supports usable in the construction of dome type buildings, and their method of use".
La présente invention a pour objet des éléments préfabriqués des¬ tinés à l'érection de gabarits et de supports de revêtement utilisables dans la construction de bâtiments ou de toits du type dôme, ainsi que leur procéd d'utilisation. On sait que la construction de bâtiments ou de toits en forme de dômes, en particulier la construction industrielle de dômes monolithes en ciment, pose des problèmes technologiques et économiques difficiles à résou¬ dre.The present invention relates to prefabricated elements des¬ intended for the erection of templates and coating supports usable in the construction of buildings or roofs of the dome type, as well as their method of use. It is known that the construction of buildings or domed roofs, in particular the industrial construction of monolithic cement domes, poses technological and economic problems which are difficult to solve.
L'une des techniques connues consiste à mettre en place un ferrail lage, ayant la forme du dôme, sur lequel on tend un treillis. On applique alors par projection une couche de mortier, puis un isolant tel que le polyu réthanne, et enfin soit une résine armée soit, après mise en place d'un nouveau ferraillage, une couche de mortier. L'un des inconvénient de cette méthode est que le polyuréthanne projeté présente une surface très irrégulièr et qu'il est nécessaire de pratiquer, avant l'étape finale de revêtement, un opération de surfaςage très coûteuse.One of the known techniques consists in setting up a steel reinforcement, having the shape of the dome, on which a trellis is stretched. A layer of mortar is then applied by spraying, then an insulator such as polyurethane, and finally either a reinforced resin or, after placing a new reinforcement, a layer of mortar. One of the drawbacks of this method is that the sprayed polyurethane has a very irregular surface and that it is necessary to practice, before the final coating step, a very expensive surfacing operation.
On a également proposé de réaliser des structures gonflables sur lesquelles on applique une couche de béton, mais la mise en oeuvre d'une tell méthode est très délicate. La présente invention permet de résoudre de façon simple et écono¬ mique les problèmes de construction de bâtiments ou de toitures en forme de dômes ou analogues, notamment par l'utilisation d'éléments préfabriqués destinés à être utilisés dans la réalisation de gabarits, comme supports de revêtement et aussi, si désiré, comme éléments d'isolation. La présente invention a pour objet des éléments préfabriqués des¬ tinés à l'érection de gabarits et de supports de revêtement utilisables dans la construction d'un bâtiment ou d'un toit ayant la forme d'une surface courbe, caractérisés par le fait que lesdits éléments sont des panneaux en matériau léger dont la forme correspond à celle obtenue par découpage, sur ladite surface, d'éléments délimités par un polygone courbe ayant 3 à 6 côtés De préférence, les éléments préfabriqués de l'invention ont 4 à 6 côtés. Ce sont donc des éléments délimités par des polygones courbes analogue à des parallélogrammes (rectangles, losanges, etc....) des trapèzes, des pentagones et des hexagones. On sait qu'il est possible par exemple de décomposer une surface sphérique en hexagones courbes réguliers. En particulier, on peut découper sur une demi-sphère des hexagones réguliers dont les côtés correspondent à la trace, sur la demi-sphère, de trois séries de plans équidistants dont l'une est parallèle à la base supposée horizontale et dont les deux autres sont convenablement inclinées de part et d'autre de la verticale.It has also been proposed to produce inflatable structures on which a layer of concrete is applied, but the implementation of such a method is very delicate. The present invention makes it possible to solve in a simple and economical manner the problems of construction of buildings or roofs in the form of domes or the like, in particular by the use of prefabricated elements intended to be used in the production of templates, as supports. of coating and also, if desired, as insulation elements. The present invention relates to prefabricated elements des¬ intended for the erection of templates and coating supports usable in the construction of a building or a roof having the shape of a curved surface, characterized in that said elements are panels of light material whose shape corresponds to that obtained by cutting, on said surface, of elements delimited by a curved polygon having 3 to 6 sides Preferably, the prefabricated elements of the invention have 4 to 6 sides . They are therefore elements delimited by curved polygons analogous to parallelograms (rectangles, diamonds, etc.) of the trapezoids, pentagons and hexagons. We know that it is possible, for example, to decompose a spherical surface into regular curved hexagons. In particular, regular hexagons can be cut out on a hemisphere, the sides of which correspond to the trace, on the hemisphere, of three series of equidistant planes, one of which is parallel to the supposedly horizontal base and the other two of which are suitably inclined on either side of the vertical.
On sait également qu'il est possible de découper la surface d'une sphère en 12 pentagones et 20 hexagones correspondant à la trace d'un icosaèdre régulier dont les sommets seraient tronqués par ladite sphère. De tels hexagones ou pentagones peuvent eux-mêmes être décomposés en trapèzes et/ou en triangles.We also know that it is possible to cut the surface of a sphere into 12 pentagons and 20 hexagons corresponding to the trace of a regular icosahedron whose vertices would be truncated by said sphere. Such hexagons or pentagons can themselves be broken down into trapezoids and / or triangles.
En outre un bâtiment ou d'un toit ayant la forme d'une surface courbe admettant un axe de symétrie peut encore être décomposé en éléments délimités par un quadrilatère courbe dont deux côtés opposés coïncident respectivement avec la trace, sur ladite surface, de deux plans perpendicu¬ laires audit axe, et dont les deux autres côtés opposés coïncident respecti¬ vement avec la trace, sur ladite surface, de deux plans contenant ledit axe. Dans ce cas, lorsque le bâtiment à ériger est une surface cylindrique, les éléments préfabriqués sont des portions de surface cylindrique délimitées par un rectangle courbe, et lorsque le bâtiment ou le toit à ériger a une forme hémisphérique ou sensiblement hémisphérique reposant sur une base horizontale, les éléments préfabriqués de l'invention ont la forme d'une portion de surface sphérique limitée par un quadrilatère (trapèze courbe) dont deux côtés opposés coïncident avec la trace de deux plans horizontaux sur la sphère et dont les deux autres côtés opposés correspondent à deux parties de méridiens de ladite sphère.In addition, a building or a roof having the shape of a curved surface admitting an axis of symmetry can also be decomposed into elements delimited by a curved quadrilateral whose two opposite sides coincide respectively with the trace, on said surface, of two planes perpendicular to said axis, and whose two other opposite sides coincide respectively with the trace, on said surface, of two planes containing said axis. In this case, when the building to be erected is a cylindrical surface, the prefabricated elements are portions of cylindrical surface delimited by a curved rectangle, and when the building or the roof to be erected has a hemispherical or substantially hemispherical shape resting on a horizontal base , the prefabricated elements of the invention have the shape of a portion of spherical surface bounded by a quadrilateral (curved trapezoid), two opposite sides of which coincide with the trace of two horizontal planes on the sphere and the other two opposite sides of which correspond to two parts of meridians of said sphere.
Plus généralement, les éléments peuvent avoir un contour quelconque, pourvu qu'ils puissent être assemblés de façon à réaliser une surface courbe sensiblement continue ayant la forme du bâtiment à ériger. L'assemblage de tels panneaux, de façon à réaliser une double coque, permettra d'ériger aisément, comme cela sera indiqué ci-après, un gabarit ayant la forme de la surface courbe désirée.More generally, the elements may have any outline, provided that they can be assembled so as to produce a substantially continuous curved surface having the shape of the building to be erected. The assembly of such panels, so as to produce a double shell, will allow to easily erect, as will be indicated below, a template having the shape of the desired curved surface.
On comprend aisément qu'il est possible, avec les éléments préfa¬ briqués de l'invention, d'ériger des constructions ayant des formes très diverses (par exemple des dômes quadrangulaires) et même irrégulières.It is easily understood that it is possible, with the prefabricated elements of the invention, to erect constructions having very diverse shapes (for example quadrangular domes) and even irregular shapes.
Par exemple, lorsque la construction à ériger a la forme d'une portion de sphère délimitée par la section par un plan vertical d'une demi-sphère de base horizontale, on voit qu'une telle construction peut être associée à un prolongement hémicylindrique d'axe horizontal et de rayon égal au rayon de la section de ladite sphère par ledit plan vertical. Les éléments préfabriqués de l'invention destinés à servir de gabarit pour la construction d'un tel prolongement hémicylindrique peuvent être constitués dans ce cas par des portions de la surface cylindrique délimitées par des rectangles courbes, c'est-à-dire d'une part par deux plans parallèles audit plan vertical et d'autre part par deux plans contenant l'axe horizontal du cylindre.For example, when the construction to be erected has the shape of a portion of a sphere delimited by the section by a vertical plane of a horizontal hemisphere, it is seen that such a construction can be associated with a semi-cylindrical extension d horizontal axis and radius equal to the radius of the section of said sphere by said vertical plane. The elements prefabricated of the invention intended to serve as a template for the construction of such a semi-cylindrical extension may in this case be constituted by portions of the cylindrical surface delimited by curved rectangles, that is to say on the one hand by two planes parallel to said vertical plane and on the other hand by two planes containing the horizontal axis of the cylinder.
Les éléments préfabriqués de l'invention peuvent être réalisés de préférence à l'aide de matériaux isolants oulables ou façonnables tels que par exemple le polystyrène, le polyurethane, ou analogues. On peut ajuster le dimensions ou les formes par simple découpe. Ces éléments ont des dimensions choisies de préférence pour permet¬ tre une manipulation aisée, par exemple 60 à 80 cm pour les plus petites dimensions du panneau, et 80 à 110 cm de hauteur pour les plus grandes dimensions du panneau. Lesdits éléments ont donc des dimensions nettement inférieures aux dimensions verticale et/ou horizontale du bâtiment ou toit à ériger. L'épaisseur des panneaux peut varier par exemple de 5 à 15 cm. On peu d'ailleurs réaliser par exemple des panneaux de 10 cm par pré-collage de deu panneaux identiques ayant une épaisseur de 5 cm. En outre, selon une techniqu préférée de montage des panneaux de l'invention, qui sera exposée plus loin, on construit le gabarit sous la forme de deux coques semblables superposées. L'invention a également pour objet un procédé de construction d'un bâtiment ou d'un toit en forme de surface courbe admettant un axe de symétrie à l'aide d'éléments préfabriqués tels que définis ci-dessus. Ce procédé est caractérisé par le fait que l'on réalise un gabarit en assujettissant l'une l'autre au moins deux coques accolées ayant chacune une forme correspondant celle de ladite surface courbe, chaque coque étant constituée par un assemblage desdits éléments préfabriqués, la face interne de la coque extérieure coïncidant avec la face externe de la coque intérieure contiguë. Les deux coques superposées peuvent être assujetties l'une à l'autre soit pa collage, soit par vissage des panneaux lors du montage. Selon un mode d'exécution préféré du procédé de l'invention, on dispose les éléments préfabriqués d'une desdites coques en quinconce par rapport aux éléments préfabriqués constituant une coque contiguë, c'est-à-dir que les éléments constituant une coque sont décalés, selon au moins une direction, par rapport aux éléments analogues de la deuxième coque situés en regard. Par exemple, les éléments en regard des deux coques peuvent être décalés l'un par rapport à l'autre dans la direction horizontale et/ou dans l direction verticale. De préférence, les deux coques accolées sont semblables c'est-à-dire qu'elles sont constituées d'éléments semblables chacun à chacun, sauf éventuellement au voisinage de la base dans le cas d'un décalage vertica des éléments. Dans ce qui suit, on va faire référence, à titre purement illustratif, et sauf mention contraire, à l'utilisation de panneaux en forme de trapèzes courbes, déjà décrits ci-dessus, tels que ceux représentés dans la figure 1 annexée. Dans ce cas, on peut par exemple choisir et disposer les éléments de façon que la base dudit gabarit soit constituée par un assemblage latéral d'une première série d'éléments préfabriqués identiques pour former la base d'une desdites coques, et par un assemblage latéral d'une seconde série d'éléments préfabriqués identiques, pour former la base d'une coque contiguë, les éléments desdites première et seconde séries ayant la même largeur de base et des hauteurs différentes.The prefabricated elements of the invention may preferably be produced using insulating materials which can be used or shaped, such as, for example, polystyrene, polyurethane, or the like. You can adjust the dimensions or shapes by simple cutting. These elements have dimensions chosen preferably to allow easy handling, for example 60 to 80 cm for the smallest dimensions of the panel, and 80 to 110 cm in height for the largest dimensions of the panel. Said elements therefore have dimensions significantly smaller than the vertical and / or horizontal dimensions of the building or roof to be erected. The thickness of the panels can vary for example from 5 to 15 cm. We can also make 10 cm panels, for example, by pre-bonding two identical panels with a thickness of 5 cm. In addition, according to a preferred technique for mounting the panels of the invention, which will be explained below, the template is constructed in the form of two similar shells superimposed. The subject of the invention is also a method of constructing a building or a roof in the form of a curved surface admitting an axis of symmetry using prefabricated elements as defined above. This process is characterized by the fact that a template is produced by securing each other at least two joined shells each having a shape corresponding to that of said curved surface, each shell being formed by an assembly of said prefabricated elements, the inner face of the outer shell coinciding with the outer face of the adjoining inner shell. The two superimposed shells can be secured to each other either by gluing, or by screwing the panels during assembly. According to a preferred embodiment of the method of the invention, the prefabricated elements are arranged in one of said shells staggered with respect to the prefabricated elements constituting an adjoining shell, that is to say that the elements constituting a shell are offset, in at least one direction, relative to the similar elements of the second shell located opposite. For example, the elements facing the two shells can be offset with respect to each other in the horizontal direction and / or in the vertical direction. Preferably, the two joined shells are similar, that is to say that they are made up of elements each similar to each, except possibly in the vicinity of the base in the case of a vertical offset of the elements. In what follows, reference will be made, purely by way of illustration, and unless otherwise stated, to the use of panels in the form of curved trapezoids, already described above, such as those shown in FIG. 1 attached. In this case, it is possible, for example, to choose and arrange the elements so that the base of said template is constituted by a lateral assembly of a first series of identical prefabricated elements to form the base of one of said shells, and by an assembly lateral of a second series of identical prefabricated elements, to form the base of an adjoining shell, the elements of said first and second series having the same base width and different heights.
Pour les niveaux supérieurs et pour chaque coque, on peut choisir des éléments ayant tous même hauteur que les éléments les plus hauts de la base du gabarit ; les éléments d'un même niveau supérieur sont de préférence identiques et ont une largeur de base égale à la largeur au sommet des élé- ents du niveau immédiatement inférieur.For the upper levels and for each hull, we can choose elements all having the same height as the highest elements of the base of the template; the elements of the same upper level are preferably identical and have a base width equal to the width at the top of the elements of the immediately lower level.
Pour construire le gabarit, on peut par exemple assembler les éléments de la double coque voisins d'un même plan vertical, depuis la base jusqu'au sommet, en les étayant convenablement. On peut alors poursuivre aisément le reste de la construction, sans qu'il soit nécessaire de prévoir d'étayages supplémentaires pour les constructions de faibles dimensions, car l'assemblage des éléments de la double coque en quinconce confère au gabarit en construction un caractère auto-porteur.To build the template, one can for example assemble the elements of the double hull neighbors of the same vertical plane, from the base to the top, supporting them properly. We can then easily continue the rest of the construction, without the need to provide additional shoring for small constructions, because the assembly of the elements of the double hull in staggered rows gives the template under construction a self-contained character. -carrier.
On peut aussi construire le gabarit en assemblant d'abord les éléments de la base. Par exemple, on assemble latéralement une première série d'éléments préfabriqués identiques pour former la base d'une des coques, et on assemble simultanément une seconde série d'éléments préfabriqués identiques, en les accolant aux éléments de la première série, pour constituer la base de la seconde coque, les éléments des première et seconde séries ayant des hauteurs différentes et étant en outre, de préférence, décalés latéralement. On peut poursuivre alors la construction au niveau immédiatement supérieur, par assemblage latéral alternatif d'éléments semblables d'une double coque, lesdits éléments semblables en regard des deux coques se trouvant automatiquement décalés en hauteur et étant aussi, par construction, décalés latéralement. II peut rester au sommet du dôme une ouverture circulaire que l'on peut soit combler à l'aide d'un élément en forme de calotte sphérique, soit utiliser comme ouverture.You can also build the template by first assembling the elements of the base. For example, we assemble laterally a first series of identical prefabricated elements to form the base of one of the shells, and we simultaneously assemble a second series of identical prefabricated elements, by joining them to the elements of the first series, to constitute the base of the second shell, the elements of the first and second series having different heights and also being preferably offset laterally. Construction can then be continued at the level immediately above, by alternative lateral assembly of similar elements of a double shell, said similar elements facing the two hulls being automatically offset in height and also being, by construction, offset laterally. It can remain at the top of the dome a circular opening which can either be filled using an element in the form of a spherical cap, or used as an opening.
Après assemblage du gabarit, on peut avantageusement procéder au découpage sur celui-ci des diverses ouvertures (portes, fenêtres, cheminées, etc..) prévues. Le gabarit peut être construit soit directement sur une dalle flottante soit sur une semelle ayant la forme de la base du bâtiment que l'o souhaite ériger.After assembly of the template, it is advantageous to cut out the various openings (doors, windows, chimneys, etc.) provided thereon. The template can be built either directly on a floating slab or on a base having the shape of the base of the building that the o wishes to erect.
Pour construire le bâtiment ou le toit proprement dit on peut appliquer alors diverses techniques qui vont être exposées ci-après.To construct the building or the roof proper, various techniques can then be applied which will be explained below.
On peut par exemple appliquer sur le gabarit ainsi constitué un revêtement en un matériau durcissable, et éventuellement armé, par exemple u revêtement en mortier, en plâtre, ou en résine synthétique.One can for example apply to the template thus formed a coating of a hardenable material, and optionally reinforced, for example u coating in mortar, plaster, or synthetic resin.
Avant d'appliquer le revêtement de mortier il est possible de réaliser au-dessus de la face externe du gabarit un ferraillage de façon à obtenir un revêtement armé.Before applying the mortar coating, it is possible to make a reinforcement above the external face of the template so as to obtain a reinforced coating.
Le revêtement est appliqué par exemple par projection selon les méthodes connues.The coating is applied for example by spraying according to known methods.
Pour mettre en place le ferraillage, on peut avantageusement uti User un gabarit dans lequel la double couche de panneaux est assemblée pa vissage extérieur à l'aide de vis auto-taraudeuses à pointe conique dont le corps dépassant sert d'écarteur et dont la tête est constituée en support e guide pour les éléments de ferraillage.To set up the reinforcement, it is advantageously possible to use a template in which the double layer of panels is assembled by external screwing using self-tapping screws with conical point whose protruding body serves as a spacer and whose head consists of support and guide for the reinforcement elements.
On peut de même appliquer sur la face interne du gabarit un revê tement intérieur, par exemple en plâtre armé. On obtient ainsi un bâtiment o toit dans lequel le gabarit, disposé entre le revêtement extérieur et le revêtement intérieur, constitue un élément d'isolation.It is likewise possible to apply an internal coating, for example in reinforced plaster, to the internal face of the template. A building or roof is thus obtained in which the template, disposed between the external covering and the internal covering, constitutes an insulating element.
On peut également, avant d'appliquer un revêtement sur la face externe du gabarit, appliquer sur celle-ci un revêtement anti-adhésif. On applique alors sur cette face un revêtement en matériau plastique durcissabl comme précédemment. Après durcissage du revêtement, il est alors possible d démonter les panneaux constituant le gabarit pour les réutiliser, soit comm éléments de gabarit, soit comme éléments d'isolation. On peut par exemple réassembler lesdits panneaux de façon analogue sur la face externe du revê tement qui devient revêtement intérieur et on applique à nouveau, sur la nouvelle face externe obtenue, un revêtement extérieur.It is also possible, before applying a coating to the external face of the template, to apply a non-stick coating to the latter. A coating of hardenable plastic material is then applied to this face as before. After hardening of the coating, it is then possible to dismantle the panels constituting the template to reuse them, either as template elements, or as insulation elements. It is possible, for example, to reassemble said panels in a similar manner on the external face of the covering which becomes internal covering and an external covering is again applied to the new external face obtained.
L'invention a également pour objet un gabarit, un bâtiment ou un toit obtenu selon le procédé décrit précédemment.The invention also relates to a template, a building or a roof obtained according to the method described above.
On va maintenant décrire plus en détail des modes de réalisation particuliers de l'invention, en faisant référence aux dessins annexés dans lesquels :We will now describe in more detail particular embodiments of the invention, with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
- la figure 1 représente une vue en perspective, en coupe partiell d'un gabarit destiné à la construction d'un dôme hémisphérique et constitu d'éléments en forme de quadrilatères (trapèzes) courbes, - et la figure 2 représente une vue en perspective, en coupe partielle, d'un gabarit pour dôme hémisphérique dont les éléments sont constitués d'hexagones courbes.FIG. 1 represents a perspective view, in partial section, of a template intended for the construction of a hemispherical dome and made up of elements in the form of curved quadrilaterals (trapezoids), - And Figure 2 shows a perspective view, in partial section, of a template for hemispherical dome whose elements consist of curved hexagons.
Le dôme complet est figuré sur les dessins par des tirets aux endroits où les panneaux n'ont pas été représentés.The complete dome is shown in the drawings by dashes where the panels have not been shown.
On fait maintenant référence à la figure 1.We now refer to Figure 1.
On voit que le gabarit est formé d'une double couche de panneaux accolés disposés en quinconce.We see that the template is formed of a double layer of adjoining panels arranged in staggered rows.
La base du gabarit est constitué intérieurement par une couronne horizontale circulaire formée par l'assemblage latéral de panneaux identique tels que la, b, le, ld, et extérieurement par une couronne formée par l'as¬ semblage latéral de panneaux de plus grande hauteur tels que 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d. Les panneau extérieurs 2a, 2b, ... sont décalés latéralement par rapport aux panneaux intérieurs ; par exemple, comme on le voit, la base du bord latéral droit du panneau 2a est disposé sensiblement au milieu de la base du pan¬ neau lb.The base of the template is formed internally by a circular horizontal crown formed by the lateral assembly of identical panels such as la, b, le, ld, and externally by a crown formed by the lateral assembly of panels of greater height such as 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d. The exterior panels 2a, 2b, ... are offset laterally with respect to the interior panels; for example, as can be seen, the base of the right lateral edge of the panel 2a is disposed substantially in the middle of the base of the panel lb.
Les panneaux des niveaux supérieurs, tels que 3a, 3b, 3c, ...» ou 4a, 4b, 4c ..., etc, forment de même des couronnes circulaires horizontales. Les panneaux 3a, 3b, ... et 4a, 4b ... ont une même hauteur ; les panneaux tels que 3a, 3b, ... ont une base de largeur égale à la largeur au sommet de éléments tels que la ou lb sur lesquels ils reposent. Avec de telles dimen¬ sions, on voit qu'il est possible de disposer aisément les panneaux extérieur en quinconce par rapport aux panneaux intérieurs.The panels of the upper levels, such as 3a, 3b, 3c, ... "or 4a, 4b, 4c ..., etc., likewise form horizontal circular crowns. The panels 3a, 3b, ... and 4a, 4b ... have the same height; the panels such as 3a, 3b, ... have a base of width equal to the width at the top of elements such as la or lb on which they rest. With such dimen¬ sions, we see that it is possible to easily arrange the exterior panels staggered relative to the interior panels.
L'assemblage des panneaux est réalisé comme cela a été indiqué dan la description.The assembly of the panels is carried out as indicated in the description.
Les panneaux, en polystyrène d'épaisseur 5 cm, ont les dimensions suivantes :The 5 cm thick polystyrene panels have the following dimensions:
- panneaux la, lb, etc ... : base 110cm ; hauteur 55cm- panels la, lb, etc ...: base 110cm; height 55cm
- panneaux 2a, 2b, etc ... : base 55cm ; hauteur 110cm, etc... On a poursuivi la construction en appliquant extérieurement par projection une couche de mortier armé de fibres de verre, commercialisé sous la marque GRC par PILKINGTON (Grande-Bretagne) ou FORTON (Hollande) .- panels 2a, 2b, etc ...: base 55cm; height 110cm, etc ... We continued the construction by applying externally by projection a layer of mortar reinforced with glass fibers, marketed under the brand GRC by PILKINGTON (Great Britain) or FORTON (Holland).
On a projeté intérieurement une couche de plâtre armé de fibres de verre. On a ainsi obtenu un bâtiment hémisphérique dans lequel le gabarit de polystyrène constitue un élément d'isolation (épaisseur 10 cm) entre les revêtements externe et interne de mortier et de plâtre.A layer of plaster reinforced with glass fibers was sprayed inside. A hemispherical building was thus obtained in which the polystyrene template constitutes an insulating element (thickness 10 cm) between the external and internal coatings of mortar and plaster.
En faisant référence à la figure 2, on voit que les éléments du gabarit sont ici des hexagones courbes réguliers tels que 5, sauf certains éléments de la base qui sont des trapèzes (demi-hexagones tels que 6) . Pour faciliter la compréhension du dessin, on n'a représenté qu'une seule coque d'hexagones assemblés. On a toutefois représenté en pointillé la position qu'occuperaient deux hexagones 7 et 8 de la seconde coque, de façon à assurer une disposition en quinconce des éléments hexagonaux d'une coque par rapport à l'autre. Referring to Figure 2, we see that the template elements here are regular curved hexagons such as 5, except some base elements which are trapezoids (half-hexagons such as 6). To facilitate understanding of the drawing, only one shell of assembled hexagons has been shown. However, there is shown in dotted lines the position which two hexagons 7 and 8 of the second shell would occupy, so as to ensure a staggered arrangement of the hexagonal elements of one shell with respect to the other.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Eléments préfabriqués destinés à l'érection de gabarits et de supports de revêtement utilisables dans la construction d'un bâtiment ou d'u toit ayant la forme d'une surface courbe, caractérisés par le fait que lesdit éléments sont des panneaux en matériau léger dont la forme correspond à cell obtenue par découpage, sur ladite surface, d'éléments (la, 2a, 3a, 5) délimités par un polygone courbe ayant 3 à 6 côtés, lesdits éléments ayant de dimensions nettement inférieures à celles du bâtiment ou toit à ériger.1. Prefabricated elements intended for the erection of templates and covering supports usable in the construction of a building or of a roof having the shape of a curved surface, characterized in that the said elements are panels of material light whose shape corresponds to that obtained by cutting, on said surface, elements (la, 2a, 3a, 5) delimited by a curved polygon having 3 to 6 sides, said elements having dimensions significantly smaller than those of the building or roof to be erected.
2. Eléments selon la revendication 1, caractérisés par le fait que ledit polygone a 4 à 6 côtés.2. Elements according to claim 1, characterized in that said polygon has 4 to 6 sides.
3. Eléments préfabriqués selon la revendication 1 ou 2, destinés à l'érection de gabarits et de supports de revêtement utilisables dans la construction d'un bâtiment ou d'un toit ayant la forme d'une surface courbe admettant un axe de symétrie, caractérisés par le fait que leur forme correspond à celle obtenue par découpage, sur ladite surface, d'éléments (la 2a, 3a ...) délimités par un quadrilatère courbe dont deux côtés opposés coïncident respectivement avec la trace, sur ladite surface, de deux plans perpendiculaires audit axe, et dont les deux autres côtés opposés coïncident respectivement avec la trace, sur ladite surface, de deux plans contenant ledit axe.3. Prefabricated elements according to claim 1 or 2, intended for the erection of templates and covering supports usable in the construction of a building or a roof having the shape of a curved surface admitting an axis of symmetry, characterized by the fact that their shape corresponds to that obtained by cutting, on said surface, of elements (la 2a, 3a ...) delimited by a curved quadrilateral of which two opposite sides coincide respectively with the trace, on said surface, of two planes perpendicular to said axis, and the two other opposite sides of which coincide respectively with the trace, on said surface, of two planes containing said axis.
4. Eléments selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 et 2, caractérisés par le fait qu'ils ont la forme d'hexagones ou de pentagones.4. Elements according to any one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that they have the form of hexagons or pentagons.
5. Eléments préfabriqués selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisés par le fait qu'il sont réalisés en matériau isolan moulable ou façonnable tel que le polystyrène, le polyurethane, ou analogues.5. Prefabricated elements according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that they are made of moldable or moldable insulating material such as polystyrene, polyurethane, or the like.
6. Procédé de construction d'un bâtiment ou d'un toit en forme de surface courbe, à l'aide d'éléments préfabriqués tels que définis dans l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par le fait que l'on réalise un gabarit en assujettissant l'une à l'autre au moins deux coques accolées ayant chacune une forme correspondant à celle de ladite surface courbe, chaque coque étant constituée par un assemblage desdits éléments préfabriqués, la face interne de la coque extérieure coïncidant avec la face externe de la coque intérieure contiguë.6. A method of constructing a building or a roof in the form of a curved surface, using prefabricated elements as defined in any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a template by securing to each other at least two joined shells each having a shape corresponding to that of said curved surface, each shell being formed by an assembly of said prefabricated elements, the internal face of the external shell coinciding with the external face of the adjoining inner shell.
7. Procédé selon la revendication 6, caractérisé par le fait que l'on assujettit lesdites coques l'une à l'autre par collage.7. Method according to claim 6, characterized in that one subjects said shells to one another by gluing.
8. Procédé selon la revendication 6, caractérisé par le fait que l'on assujettit lesdites coques l'une à l'autre par vissage.8. Method according to claim 6, characterized in that said shells are secured to one another by screwing.
9. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 6 à 8, carac¬ térisé par le fait que l'on dispose les éléments préfabriqués d'une desdites coques en quinconce par rapport aux éléments préfabriqués constituant une . 9. Method according to any one of claims 6 to 8, charac¬ terized in that one has the prefabricated elements of one of said shells staggered relative to the prefabricated elements constituting one.
10. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 6 à 9, caractérisé par le fait que l'on applique extérieurement sur le gabarit ainsi constitué un revêtement en un matériau durcissable.10. Method according to any one of claims 6 to 9, characterized in that one applies externally on the template thus formed a coating of a curable material.
11. Procédé selon la revendication 10, caractérisé par le fait que ledit matériau durcissable est un mortier et que l'on applique une couche dudit mortier sur la face externe du gabarit, après mise en place éventuelle d'un ferraillage.11. The method of claim 10, characterized in that said curable material is a mortar and that a layer of said mortar is applied to the external face of the template, after possible installation of a reinforcement.
12. Procédé selon la revendication 11, caractérisé par le fait que l'on assujettit les éléments du gabarit par vissage extérieur à l'aide de vis auto-taraudeuses à pointe conique dont le corps dépassant sert d'ecarteur et dont la tête est constituée en support et guide pour les éléments de ferraillage.12. Method according to claim 11, characterized in that the elements of the template are secured by external screwing using self-tapping screws with conical tip whose protruding body serves as a spacer and whose head is made up as support and guide for the reinforcement elements.
13. Gabarit, bâtiment ou toit caractérisé par le fait qu'il est obtenu selon le procédé de l'une quelconque des revendications 6 à 12. 13. Template, building or roof characterized in that it is obtained according to the method of any one of claims 6 to 12.
PCT/FR1986/000448 1985-12-30 1986-12-30 Prefabricated elements intended for the erection of facing supports and formers usable in the construction of dome-type buildings, and utilization method thereof WO1987004206A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR85/19399 1985-12-30
FR8519399A FR2592417B1 (en) 1985-12-30 1985-12-30 PREFABRICATED ELEMENTS FOR THE ESTABLISHMENT OF TEMPLATES AND COATING MEDIA FOR USE IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF DOME-TYPE BUILDINGS, AND THEIR METHOD OF USE

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Publication Number Publication Date
WO1987004206A1 true WO1987004206A1 (en) 1987-07-16

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EP (1) EP0254728A1 (en)
FR (1) FR2592417B1 (en)
WO (1) WO1987004206A1 (en)

Cited By (6)

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FR2631360A1 (en) * 1988-05-11 1989-11-17 Aubague Marcel Modular prefabricated blocks for erecting vaulted buildings - for mass prodn. of rapidly erected insulated buildings
WO1995029305A1 (en) * 1994-04-22 1995-11-02 Ronald James Evans Construction module, panel and system
CZ305092B6 (en) * 2013-04-17 2015-04-29 Pavel Vorlický Building and method of constructing such a building
WO2016178168A1 (en) * 2015-05-05 2016-11-10 Charles Caulder Bree Building or structure including a dome
CN107558611A (en) * 2017-08-21 2018-01-09 温岭市旭日滚塑科技有限公司 A kind of rotational moulding room
DE202019101907U1 (en) 2019-04-03 2019-04-18 Grzegorz Janowski Insulating component of roofing of a geodesic construction dome

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ES2134683B1 (en) * 1995-03-25 2000-04-16 Fernandez Jose Bernardo Suarez PERFECTED SYSTEMS, FIXINGS, PANELS AND STRUCTURE, FOR PREFABRICATED HOUSING, TYPE "IGLOO".

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FR2092759A1 (en) * 1970-06-17 1972-01-28 Marques Magin
US4094110A (en) * 1976-03-24 1978-06-13 Radva Plastics Corporation Building system and method
US4160345A (en) * 1976-07-14 1979-07-10 Nalick David L Dome structure and method of construction
FR2433620A1 (en) * 1978-08-16 1980-03-14 Nania Benvenuto IGLOO IN EXPANDED PLASTICS
GB2072234A (en) * 1980-02-25 1981-09-30 Graham J A Improvements in building curved structures

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB190925855A (en) * 1909-11-09 1910-05-26 Rafael Guastavino Improvements in Reinforced Tile and like Structures.
FR2092759A1 (en) * 1970-06-17 1972-01-28 Marques Magin
US4094110A (en) * 1976-03-24 1978-06-13 Radva Plastics Corporation Building system and method
US4160345A (en) * 1976-07-14 1979-07-10 Nalick David L Dome structure and method of construction
FR2433620A1 (en) * 1978-08-16 1980-03-14 Nania Benvenuto IGLOO IN EXPANDED PLASTICS
GB2072234A (en) * 1980-02-25 1981-09-30 Graham J A Improvements in building curved structures

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2631360A1 (en) * 1988-05-11 1989-11-17 Aubague Marcel Modular prefabricated blocks for erecting vaulted buildings - for mass prodn. of rapidly erected insulated buildings
WO1995029305A1 (en) * 1994-04-22 1995-11-02 Ronald James Evans Construction module, panel and system
US5904006A (en) * 1994-04-22 1999-05-18 Keith Ashley Sutton Construction module, panel and system
CZ305092B6 (en) * 2013-04-17 2015-04-29 Pavel Vorlický Building and method of constructing such a building
WO2016178168A1 (en) * 2015-05-05 2016-11-10 Charles Caulder Bree Building or structure including a dome
CN107558611A (en) * 2017-08-21 2018-01-09 温岭市旭日滚塑科技有限公司 A kind of rotational moulding room
DE202019101907U1 (en) 2019-04-03 2019-04-18 Grzegorz Janowski Insulating component of roofing of a geodesic construction dome

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0254728A1 (en) 1988-02-03
FR2592417A1 (en) 1987-07-03
FR2592417B1 (en) 1988-10-28

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