WO1989001973A2 - Recombinant pox virus for immunization against tumor-associated antigens - Google Patents
Recombinant pox virus for immunization against tumor-associated antigens Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1989001973A2 WO1989001973A2 PCT/US1988/003032 US8803032W WO8901973A2 WO 1989001973 A2 WO1989001973 A2 WO 1989001973A2 US 8803032 W US8803032 W US 8803032W WO 8901973 A2 WO8901973 A2 WO 8901973A2
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- tumor
- encoded
- virus
- recombinant
- cell
- Prior art date
Links
- 241000700605 Viruses Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 135
- 206010028980 Neoplasm Diseases 0.000 title claims abstract description 105
- 239000000427 antigen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 105
- 102000036639 antigens Human genes 0.000 title claims abstract description 105
- 108091007433 antigens Proteins 0.000 title claims abstract description 105
- 230000003053 immunization Effects 0.000 title claims description 10
- 238000002649 immunization Methods 0.000 title description 6
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 claims description 92
- 241000700618 Vaccinia virus Species 0.000 claims description 56
- 239000013598 vector Substances 0.000 claims description 43
- 108020004414 DNA Proteins 0.000 claims description 41
- 230000003612 virological effect Effects 0.000 claims description 31
- 206010046865 Vaccinia virus infection Diseases 0.000 claims description 29
- 108091028043 Nucleic acid sequence Proteins 0.000 claims description 28
- 208000007089 vaccinia Diseases 0.000 claims description 28
- 108700020796 Oncogene Proteins 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 230000006798 recombination Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000005215 recombination Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000010076 replication Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 108700020302 erbB-2 Genes Proteins 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000002246 oncogenic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 210000002966 serum Anatomy 0.000 claims description 10
- 102000009465 Growth Factor Receptors Human genes 0.000 claims description 9
- 108010009202 Growth Factor Receptors Proteins 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000001413 cellular effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 101100118548 Drosophila melanogaster Egfr gene Proteins 0.000 claims description 5
- 108700020978 Proto-Oncogene Proteins 0.000 claims description 5
- 102000052575 Proto-Oncogene Human genes 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 101150111535 trk gene Proteins 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000013612 plasmid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 108020003175 receptors Proteins 0.000 claims description 4
- 102000005962 receptors Human genes 0.000 claims description 4
- 101150068332 KIT gene Proteins 0.000 claims 4
- 101150042287 ros gene Proteins 0.000 claims 2
- 101150029968 rost gene Proteins 0.000 claims 2
- 210000000628 antibody-producing cell Anatomy 0.000 claims 1
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000013600 plasmid vector Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002560 therapeutic procedure Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000028993 immune response Effects 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000000763 evoking effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 74
- 241000699670 Mus sp. Species 0.000 description 39
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 31
- 241000700159 Rattus Species 0.000 description 21
- 210000004881 tumor cell Anatomy 0.000 description 20
- 239000003550 marker Substances 0.000 description 13
- 230000002163 immunogen Effects 0.000 description 11
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 11
- 230000036039 immunity Effects 0.000 description 10
- 241000699666 Mus <mouse, genus> Species 0.000 description 9
- 102000043276 Oncogene Human genes 0.000 description 8
- 108020004440 Thymidine kinase Proteins 0.000 description 8
- 238000010367 cloning Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000002965 ELISA Methods 0.000 description 7
- 102000006601 Thymidine Kinase Human genes 0.000 description 7
- 208000015181 infectious disease Diseases 0.000 description 7
- 238000011603 BDIX rat Methods 0.000 description 6
- 101150003725 TK gene Proteins 0.000 description 6
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000009169 immunotherapy Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000001727 in vivo Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 6
- 101150066555 lacZ gene Proteins 0.000 description 6
- 230000001131 transforming effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229960005486 vaccine Drugs 0.000 description 6
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 5
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 5
- 101100501691 Rattus norvegicus Erbb2 gene Proteins 0.000 description 5
- 230000005809 anti-tumor immunity Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000008076 immune mechanism Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000006166 lysate Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000002516 postimmunization Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 102000012406 Carcinoembryonic Antigen Human genes 0.000 description 4
- 108010022366 Carcinoembryonic Antigen Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 238000012286 ELISA Assay Methods 0.000 description 4
- 241000588724 Escherichia coli Species 0.000 description 4
- 102000004022 Protein-Tyrosine Kinases Human genes 0.000 description 4
- 108090000412 Protein-Tyrosine Kinases Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 239000002299 complementary DNA Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000012636 effector Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000004727 humoral immunity Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000001890 transfection Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002255 vaccination Methods 0.000 description 4
- LINMATFDVHBYOS-MBJXGIAVSA-N (2s,3r,4s,5r,6r)-2-[(5-bromo-1h-indol-3-yl)oxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1OC1=CNC2=CC=C(Br)C=C12 LINMATFDVHBYOS-MBJXGIAVSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 102100024746 Dihydrofolate reductase Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 206010029260 Neuroblastoma Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000005875 antibody response Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000003556 assay Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012217 deletion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000037430 deletion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 108020001096 dihydrofolate reductase Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 3
- 102000054766 genetic haplotypes Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 3
- 210000000987 immune system Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 230000005847 immunogenicity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000002779 inactivation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011534 incubation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000001404 mediated effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000035772 mutation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 231100000590 oncogenic Toxicity 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H tricalcium bis(phosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 3
- 230000000381 tumorigenic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000029812 viral genome replication Effects 0.000 description 3
- 241000283707 Capra Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000282693 Cercopithecidae Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000003298 DNA probe Substances 0.000 description 2
- 108091000080 Phosphotransferase Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 108090000244 Rat Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 210000001744 T-lymphocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 241000700647 Variola virus Species 0.000 description 2
- 108700005077 Viral Genes Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 230000006023 anti-tumor response Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000389 calcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001506 calcium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000011010 calcium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 201000011510 cancer Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003593 chromogenic compound Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 210000003527 eukaryotic cell Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000037433 frameshift Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001502 gel electrophoresis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009396 hybridization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001900 immune effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 201000001441 melanoma Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 102000020233 phosphotransferase Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 108091008146 restriction endonucleases Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 238000010187 selection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001225 therapeutic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004614 tumor growth Effects 0.000 description 2
- 231100000588 tumorigenic Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 108091032973 (ribonucleotides)n+m Proteins 0.000 description 1
- BFSVOASYOCHEOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-diethylaminoethanol Chemical compound CCN(CC)CCO BFSVOASYOCHEOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WOVKYSAHUYNSMH-RRKCRQDMSA-N 5-bromodeoxyuridine Chemical compound C1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1N1C(=O)NC(=O)C(Br)=C1 WOVKYSAHUYNSMH-RRKCRQDMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C=C HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101150076489 B gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- WOVKYSAHUYNSMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N BROMODEOXYURIDINE Natural products C1C(O)C(CO)OC1N1C(=O)NC(=O)C(Br)=C1 WOVKYSAHUYNSMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108091003079 Bovine Serum Albumin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 108010001857 Cell Surface Receptors Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000000844 Cell Surface Receptors Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108020004705 Codon Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108020003215 DNA Probes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000006820 DNA synthesis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920002307 Dextran Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 102100029974 GTPase HRas Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 101000584633 Homo sapiens GTPase HRas Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101100321817 Human parvovirus B19 (strain HV) 7.5K gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 235000008694 Humulus lupulus Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000025221 Humulus lupulus Species 0.000 description 1
- 108010025815 Kanamycin Kinase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- OUYCCCASQSFEME-QMMMGPOBSA-N L-tyrosine Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 OUYCCCASQSFEME-QMMMGPOBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000124008 Mammalia Species 0.000 description 1
- 102000007557 Melanoma-Specific Antigens Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010071463 Melanoma-Specific Antigens Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241001529936 Murinae Species 0.000 description 1
- 101100501690 Mus musculus Erbb2 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 206010033128 Ovarian cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241001505332 Polyomavirus sp. Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920001213 Polysorbate 20 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000012083 RIPA buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006819 RNA synthesis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 108091081024 Start codon Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000024932 T cell mediated immunity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004098 Tetracycline Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000906446 Theraps Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000473945 Theria <moth genus> Species 0.000 description 1
- 108010067390 Viral Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000036142 Viral infection Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000001594 aberrant effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002835 absorbance Methods 0.000 description 1
- FXAGBTBXSJBNMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O.OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O FXAGBTBXSJBNMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000735 allogeneic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000000539 amino acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229960000723 ampicillin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- AVKUERGKIZMTKX-NJBDSQKTSA-N ampicillin Chemical compound C1([C@@H](N)C(=O)N[C@H]2[C@H]3SC([C@@H](N3C2=O)C(O)=O)(C)C)=CC=CC=C1 AVKUERGKIZMTKX-NJBDSQKTSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010171 animal model Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011717 athymic nude mouse Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 108010005774 beta-Galactosidase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000003115 biocidal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013060 biological fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229950004398 broxuridine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000013592 cell lysate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000010307 cell transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000003837 chick embryo Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229960005091 chloramphenicol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- WIIZWVCIJKGZOK-RKDXNWHRSA-N chloramphenicol Chemical compound ClC(Cl)C(=O)N[C@H](CO)[C@H](O)C1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1 WIIZWVCIJKGZOK-RKDXNWHRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007979 citrate buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003776 cleavage reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007123 defense Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000004520 electroporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012894 fetal calf serum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000002950 fibroblast Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000221 frame shift mutation induction Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002068 genetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006801 homologous recombination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002744 homologous recombination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000005260 human cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000003018 immunoassay Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001114 immunoprecipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003834 intracellular effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007918 intramuscular administration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007912 intraperitoneal administration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007928 intraperitoneal injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960000318 kanamycin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229930027917 kanamycin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- SBUJHOSQTJFQJX-NOAMYHISSA-N kanamycin Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CN)O[C@@H]1O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O[C@@H]2[C@@H]([C@@H](N)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O2)O)[C@H](N)C[C@@H]1N SBUJHOSQTJFQJX-NOAMYHISSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930182823 kanamycin A Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 210000003292 kidney cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 108020004999 messenger RNA Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009456 molecular mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002703 mutagenesis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000350 mutagenesis Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000001613 neoplastic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008288 physiological mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000256 polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010486 polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920000136 polysorbate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000003389 potentiating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011321 prophylaxis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000001938 protoplast Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007017 scission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012453 sprague-dawley rat model Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010561 standard procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007920 subcutaneous administration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007929 subcutaneous injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010254 subcutaneous injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960002180 tetracycline Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229930101283 tetracycline Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 235000019364 tetracycline Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003522 tetracyclines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000014621 translational initiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000391 tricalcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000005740 tumor formation Effects 0.000 description 1
- OUYCCCASQSFEME-UHFFFAOYSA-N tyrosine Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 OUYCCCASQSFEME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- -1 urine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000002700 urine Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000009385 viral infection Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010451 viral insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001018 virulence Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003442 weekly effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- C07K14/82—Translation products from oncogenes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K16/00—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies
- C07K16/18—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans
- C07K16/32—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against translation products of oncogenes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
- C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
- C12N15/63—Introduction of foreign genetic material using vectors; Vectors; Use of hosts therefor; Regulation of expression
- C12N15/79—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts
- C12N15/85—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts for animal cells
- C12N15/86—Viral vectors
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N2710/00—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA dsDNA viruses
- C12N2710/00011—Details
- C12N2710/24011—Poxviridae
- C12N2710/24111—Orthopoxvirus, e.g. vaccinia virus, variola
- C12N2710/24141—Use of virus, viral particle or viral elements as a vector
- C12N2710/24143—Use of virus, viral particle or viral elements as a vector viral genome or elements thereof as genetic vector
Definitions
- a desirable mode of cancer treatment is to enlist natural immune mechanisms to establish anti-tumor immunity.
- Methods for inducing effective anti-tumor immunity remain to be eluci ⁇ dated.
- One possible way of inducing immune response against a tumor might be to immunize with a tumor- associated antigen.
- the ectodomain of the neu-encoded rat pl85 protein constitutes a highly immunogenic determinant in tumor-bearing NFS mice which invariably mount a strong serum response to this protein. See, Padhy, L.C. et al. (1982) Cell, 2j ⁇ :865-871. Tumors formed from neu-trans- fectants (cells transformed with the neu gene) initially grow rapidly but ultimately are seen to regress.
- This invention pertains to recombinant pox viruses capable of expressing cell-encoded tumor- associated antigens, to methods of producing the recombinant pox virus, to intermediate DNA vectors which recombine with pox virus ⁇ n vivo to produce the modified pox viruses and to methods of im ⁇ munizing a ' host with the recombinant pox virus to elicit an immune response against a cell-encoded tumor-associated antigen.
- the invention is based, in part, on the discovery that immunization with the neu antigen via a recombinant pox virus serves as effective prophylaxis against tumors formed by neu oncogene-transfected cells.
- Tumor-associated antigens can be cellular oncogene-encoded products or aberrantly expressed proto-oncogene-encoded products (e.g. products encoded by the neu, ros, trk, and kit genes) and mutated forms of growth factor receptor or receptor ⁇ like cell surface molecules (e.g. surface receptor encoded by the c-erb B gene) .
- Other tumor- associated antigens include molecules which may or may not be directly involved in transformation events, but are expressed by tumor cells (e.g.
- the sequence encoding the tumor-associated antigen is engineered to encode a product which retains at least an immunogenic domain but is disabled with respect to its oncogenic activity.
- " truncated products may be designed which contain the immunogenic domains of the natural gene product but which either lack or contain inactivated oncogenic regions.
- the DNA sequence encoding the tumor-associated antigen is inserted into a region of the pox virus genome which is nonessential for replication of the pox virus, generally in association with a pox virus promoter to direct its expression.
- the DNA sequence encoding the tumor-associated antigen is integrated into the pox viral genome by an in vivo recombination event between an inter ⁇ mediate DNA vector carrying the DNA encoding the tumor-associated antigen and a pox virus.
- the intermediate DNA vector contains the antigen-encoding sequence linked to a pox viral promoter located within a DNA sequence homologous to a region of the pox viral genome which is nones ⁇ sential for replication of the pox virus.
- the vector comprises: a. a prokaryotic origin of replication; b. a pox viral promoter; c. a sequence encoding a tumor-associated antigen under the direction of the pox viral promoter; and d.
- DNA sequences of the pox virus into which the gene encoding the antigen sequence is to be integrated the DNA sequences flanking the promoter and structural gene at both the 5' and 3 ' end, the DNA sequence being homologous to the region of the pox virus genome where the sequence of the tumor associated antigen is to be inserted.
- Recombination of the DNA vector and the pox virus is achieved in an appropriate host cell.
- Appropriate host cells for in vivo recombination are eukaryotic cells which are 1) transfectable by the DNA vector and 2) infectable by pox virus.
- the host cell is transfected with the DNA vector carrying the antigen sequence and then infected with the pox virus.
- the virus is allowed to replicate in the host cell during which time recombination occurs in vivo between the DNA vector and the virus resulting in insertion of the sequence encoding the tumor- associated antigen into the pox virus genome.
- the recombinant viral progeny is isolated from the wild type virus.
- An assayable marker can be co-integrated with the antigen-encoding sequence. Expression of the marker provides a basis for selection of recombinant virus containing integrated DNA. Other methods of selection include detection of the integrated sequences by hybridization with homologous DNA probes. Negative selection procedures can also be used such as selection for absence of the product of the viral gene into which the DNA segment has been inserted. When an assayable marker is located at the viral insertion site, recombinants can be identified by loss of the marker..
- the recombinant virus is a virus which ex ⁇ presses in an inoculated host the cellular tu or- associated antigen.
- the virally-expressed product will trigger cell-mediated and/or humoral immunity against the antigen and cells bearing the antigen.
- Figure 1 is a schematic representation of the construction of the pEVAC-neu plasmid.
- Figure 2 shows the expression of the internally deleted pl85 in vaccinia virus-infected cells.
- Figure 3 shows the development of antibody response to pl85 in vaccinia virus-infected mice.
- Figure 4 shows the results of tumor challenge of mice vaccinated with vaccinia virus recombinants.
- Pox viruses serve as effective vectors for inducing immunity against tumor-associated antigens.
- the antigens can be cell-encoded molecules i.e., molecules which are encoded by genes intrinsic to cells as opposed to those encoded by genes introduced by an extrinsic transforming agent such as a virus.
- tumor-associated anti ⁇ genes are cell surface molecules. These are positioned for recognition by elements of the immune systems and thus are excellent targets for immuno- therap .
- Genes which encode cellular tumor-associated antigens include cellular oncogenes and proto- oncogenes which are aberrantly expressed.
- cellular oncogenes encode products which are directly relevant to the transformation of the cell and, because of this, they are particularly preferred targets for immunotherapy.
- An example is the tumorigenic neu gene which encodes a cell surface molecule which appears to be directly related to the transformation of a cell.
- Other examples include the ros, kit, and trk genes.
- the products of proto-oncogenes (the normal genes which are mutated to form oncogenes) can be aberrantly expressed (e.g. overexpressed) and this aberrant expression can be related to cell transformation.
- the product encoded by proto-oncogenes can be targeted for immune therapy.
- Some oncogenes have been found to encode growth factor receptor molecules or growth factor receptor ⁇ like molecules which are expressed on the tumor cell surface.
- An example is the cell surface receptor encoded by the c-erbB gene. These are particularly suitable for the purpose of this invention.
- tumor-associated antigens may or may not be directly involved in transformation. These antigens, however, are expressed by certain tumor cells and provide effective targets" for immuno- therapy. Some examples are carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) , CA 125 (associated with ovarian carcinoma) , and melanoma specific antigens.
- CEA carcinoembryonic antigen
- CA 125 associated with ovarian carcinoma
- melanoma specific antigens are examples.
- a tumor-associated antigen which has oncogenic activity such as oncogene-encoded products
- This can be accom ⁇ plished by mutagenesis techniques.
- oncogene encoded products are known to possess tyrosine kinase activity which is related in their transforming capabilities. Frame shift mutations, point mutations or DNA deletions within the tyrosine kinase domain of the oncogene can destroy tyrosine activity of the expressed product and render it devoid of tumorigenic activity.
- random mutations can be made within the gene and mutated genes can be selected for lack of oncogenic activity and retention of immuno- genicity.
- tumor-associated antigens can be isolated from tumor cells employing standard techniques for isolation of genes. See e.g. Shih, C. and Weinberg, R.A. Cell 29 161-169 (1982) . Many genes encoding tumor associated antigens have been cloned and thus are available for use in constructing the recombinant pox viruses of this invention. See e.g., Bargmann et al. (1986)
- the preferred pox virus is a virus which does not cause significant disease in normal humans or animals.
- the preferred pox virus is vaccinia virus, a relatively benign virus, which has been used for years as a vaccine against smallpox.
- vaccinia a relatively benign virus, which has been used for years as a vaccine against smallpox.
- strains of vaccinia which differ in level of virulence, are available for use as vaccine strains; for the purposes of vaccination, a less virulent strain such as the New York State Board of Health Strain which still retains the ability to elicit an appropriate immune response is preferred.
- DNA Vector for recombination with pox virus According to the method of this invention a foreign gene which encodes the cell-encoded tumor associated antigen is inserted into the genome of a pox virus so as to allow it to be expressed by the pox virus along with the expression of the normal complement of pox virus proteins (except for the pox viral protein encoded by the gene into which the foreign DNA is inserted) . This is accomplished by first constructing a chimeric donor vector for recombination with pox virus which contains the DNA encoding the tumor associated antigen together with a pox viral promoter directing its expansion flanked by pox viral sequences.
- the flanking pox viral se ⁇ quences can be any pox DNA region nonessential for replication; these allow the vector to recombine with pox virus _in vivo at a specific region in the pox virus genome. This recombination results in integration of the DNA sequence encoding the tumor- associated antigen into the genome to produce a recombinant virus containing the DNA sequence.
- the DNA vectors of this invention for integra ⁇ tion of a DNA sequence of a cell-encoded tumor- associated antigen in expressible form into the pox viral genome contain the following elements: a. a pox viral promoter linked to: b. a DNA sequence containing a cloning site for insertion of DNA; c.
- DNA sequences flanking the construct of elements a and b flanking sequences being homologous to a region of the pox viral genome which is nonessential to replication of the virus; d. a replicon for vector replication in a prokaryotic host; and e. a gene encoding an assayable marker or indicator for selection of the vector in transformed prokaryotic hosts.
- DNA vectors can also be constructed for in ⁇ sertion of two or more DNA sequences encoding different tumor associated antigens into pox virus. The antigen-encoding DNA sequences can be placed in tandem between the homologous flanking sequences, each sequence under the control of a separate pox viral promoter.
- the cloning site generally comprises recog ⁇ nition sites for several restriction enzymes which allow different modes of insertion of DNA.
- An example sequence containing a multiple cloning site is: GGATCCCCGGGTACCGAGCTCGAATTC, which contains the recognition sequences and cleavage sites for the restriction endonuclease enzymes BamHI, Smal, pnl, SacI and EcoRI. Sequences containing additional or different recognition sites can be used.
- the cloning site is located adjacent to and downstream of a pox viral promoter such that an inserted gene can be placed under control of the promoter.
- the pox viral promoter controls expression of the DNA sequence inserted at the cloning site and can be obtained from the species of pox virus with which the vector is designed to recombine.
- the sequences flanking the construct of ele ⁇ ments a and b are homologous to a region of the pox viral genome which is not necessary for replication of the pox virus. Thus, recombination and integra ⁇ tion of foreign DNA will occur at this site and the inserted DNA will not abolish viral replication.
- a preferred region for insertion into pox virus is within the gene coding for thymidine kinase (TK) .
- Insertion into this region has several advantages: (1) the TK gene is not required for viral repli ⁇ cation, so insertions into this gene do not abolish viral replication; (2) insertions into the TK gene do, however, partially inhibit viral replication, resulting in a recombinant pox virus that is less virulent and therefore possibly more suitable as a vaccine strain; and (3) it is possible to select recombinant viruses by selecting for insertional inactivation of the TK gene by selecting for in- sertional inactivation of the TK gene by growth in the presence of 5-bromodeoxyuridine. In order to obtain insertion into the TK gene, the recombination vector must contain flanking sequences homologous to the TK gene sequences.
- flanking sequences to direct the stable integration of the DNA vector into the pox virus genome; these include, but are not limited to, regions of the genomic DNA contained on the Hindlll and HindlllF restriction fragments.
- the replicon for replication in a prokaryotic host and the gene encoding the selectable indicator or marker allow the vector to be selected and amplified in a prokaryotic host such as E. coli to provide ample quantities of the vector DNA for eventual transfection of eukaryotic host cells for . recombination.
- the replicon can be obtained from any conventional prokaryotic vector such as pBR322 or the pEMBL group of vectors.
- the selectable marker can be a gene conferring antibiotic resis ⁇ tance (e.g. ampicillin, chloramphenicol, kanamycin or tetracycline resistance) .
- Preferred vectors contain genetic elements which permit positive selection of recombinant viruses, i.e., those viruses which have recombined with the vector and, as a result, have acquired the sequence of interest.
- These elements for selection comprise a pox virus promoter, which controls expression of the indicator gene in the recombinant virus.
- the promoter and indicator gene are located between the flanking pox viral sequences so that the elements which allow for selection and the oncogene sequence of interest are co-integrated into the pox viral genome. Recombinant viruses can then be selected based upon expression of the marker or indicator.
- a preferred gene for selection is the E. coli lacZ gene which encodes the selectable enzyme B-galactosidase. Methods of selection based upon expression of this enzyme are discussed below. Other selection methods include thymidine kinase selection as described above, and any drug resis ⁇ tance selection, for example, the selection that is provided by the gene encoding neomycin phospho- transferase, an enzyme which confers resistance to G418 (Franke et al. , 1985. Mol. Cell. Biol. 5 , 1918) .
- a negative type of selection can be employed.
- a preferred procedure of this type involves the use of a vaccinia virus such as vZ2 a recombinant derivative of the Wr vaccinia strain which contains a lacZ gene inserted within the Hindlll F-region.
- Donor vectors containing homolo ⁇ gous regions of the HindlllF region and can reco - bine with vZ2 thereby replacing the lacZ gene with the DNA sequence encoding the tumor-associated antigen.
- Recombinant virus are lacZ- and appear as white plaques in the presence of chromogenic sub- strate (e.g. Bluo-Gal TM) . See, Panicali, D. et al.
- a vector for recombination with vaccinia virus can contain: a. one or more vaccinia promoter (e.g. the vaccinia UK, 7.5K, 30K, 40K or BamF promoter or modified versions of these promoters) ; b. a multiple cloning site adjacent to each promoter; c. a gene encoding a selectable marker (e.g.
- vaccinia promoter under control of a vaccinia promoter
- Vaccinia promoters are DNA sequences which direct messenger RNA synthesis from vaccinia genes during a vaccinia virus infection. Such promoters can be isolated from the vaccinia genome or can be constructed by DNA synthesis techniques. Promoters vary in strength of activity and in time of ex ⁇ pression during the vaccinia virus life cycle; these parameters can be altered by mutation of the pro- oter sequence. The promoters can be isolated or synthesized to include or not include a trans- lational initiation codon ATG as well as a multiple cloning site for convenient insertion of foreign gene in order to express these genes in vaccinia. 4. In vivo recombination
- the intermediate DNA vectors containing the DNA encoding the tumor-associated antigen of interest (and the marker or indicator gene) flanked by appropriate pox viral sequences will undergo recom- bination with pox virus which results in integration of the flanked genes into the pox viral genome.
- This recombination will occur in a eukaryotic host cell.
- Appropriate host cells for recombination are cells which are 1) infectable by pox virus and 2) transfectable by the DNA vector. Examples of such cells are chick embryo fibroblast, CV-1 cells (monkey kidney cells) , HuTK-143 cells (human cells) , and BSC40 (monkey) cells.
- the cells are first infected with pox virus and then transfected with the intermediate DNA vector. Viral infection is accomplished by standard tech ⁇ niques for infection of eukaryotic cells with pox virus. See e.g., Paoletti et al. , supra.
- the cells can be transfected with the intermediate DNA vector by any of the conventional techniques of trans- fection. These include the techniques of calcium phosphate precipitation, DEAE dextran, electro- poration and protoplast fusion. The preferred technique is the calcium phosphate precipitation technique.
- the cells After infection and subsequent transfeetion, the cells are incubated under standard conditions and virus is allowed to replicate during which time in vivo recombination occurs between the homologous pox virus sequences in the intermediate vector and the pox virus sequences in the genome.
- Recombinant viral progeny are then selected by any of several techniques.
- the presence of inte- grated foreign DNA can be detected by hybridization with a labeled DNA probe specific for the inserted DNA encoding the tumor antigen.
- virus harboring the tumor cell sequence can be selected on the basis of inactivation of the viral gene into which the foreign DNA was inserted. For example, if the DNA vector is designed for insertion into the thymidine kinase (TK) gene of a pox virus, viruses containing integrated DNA will be unable to express thymidine kinase (TK ) and can be selected on the basis of this phenotype.
- TK thymidine kinase
- Preferred tech ⁇ niques for selection are based upon co-integration of a gene encoding a marker or indicator gene along with the gene of interest, as described above.
- a preferred indicator gene is the E. coli lacZ gene which encodes the enzyme B-galactosidase.
- Selection of recombinant viruses expressing B-galactosidase can be done by employing a chromogenic substrate for the enzyme. For example, recombinant viruses are detected as blue plaques in the presence of the substrate 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-B-D-galactoside or other halogenated-indolyl-B-D-galactosides
- Another preferred technique involves the use of virus vZ2 as described above.
- Recombinant viruses which express the inserted DNA sequence encoding the tumor associated antigen can be determined by any of several standard pro ⁇ cedures including RNA dot blots, black plaque assays, immunoprecipitation (employing antibody reactive with the antigen) , etc.
- Live recombinant viruses expressing an an immunogenic a cell encoded tumor associated antigen can be used to induce an immune response against tumor cells which express the protein.
- These recombinant viruses may be administered intra- dermally, as was conventionally done for small pox vaccination, or by other routes appropriate to the recombinant virus used. These may include among others, intramuscular, subcutaneous, and oral routes.
- Vaccination of a host organism with live recombinant vaccinia virus is followed by replica ⁇ tion of the virus within the host. During replica ⁇ tion, the oncogene sequence is expressed along with the normal complement of vaccinia genes.
- the oncogene product is an antigen, it will stimulate the host to mount an immunological response, both humoral and cell-mediated, to the tumor associated antigen (as well as to vaccinia virus itself) . 6. Use of Recombinant Pox Viruses to Produce Therapeutic and Diagnostic Reagents
- Recombinant pox virus which express tumor- associated antigens can also provide a means to produce antibody against the antigen for use thera- peutics or diagnostics.
- Infection of experimental animals with the recombinant pox viruses can be used to raise both monoclonal antibodies and polyclonal antisera which recognize the tumor associated antigen.
- the antibodies may be useful in passive immunotherapy against tumor.
- these monoclonal and/or polyclonal antibodies can be used as capture antibody for immunoassay in the RIA or ELISA format, to detect the presence or to quantify the antigen in a biological fluid (e.g., urine, blood, etc.)
- cells infected i ⁇ vitro with the recombinant pox viruses can be used as a source of the tumor associated antigens.
- Compatible host cells are infected with a recombinant pox virus capable of expressing the desired tumor associated antigen and cultured under conditions which allow the virus to replicate and express the antigen. The antigen is then isolated from the cells.
- CV-1 cells were obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC#CCL70) and were grown in Minimal Essential Media (MEM) supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum.
- Vaccinia virus strain VZ2 is a derivative of the WR strain which contains the lacZ gene inserted at the Bam Hi-site in the vaccinia virus Hind III F-region. Panicali, D. , Grzelezcki, A. & Long, C. (1986) Gene 4J_, 193-199.
- Construction of a chimeric donor plasmid for in vivo recombination pEVAC is a recombinant plasmid which contains a 2.5 kb Pst I fragment corresponding to the middle portion of the vaccinia virus Hindlll F-fragment.
- This deletion removes the region that specifies the tyrosine kinase domain of the neu- encoded protein. In addition it generates a frame- shift mutation downstream of the kinase domain, creating a new stop codon shortly after the Bglll site at nt 3250.
- the resulting construct was designated pEVAC-neu.
- Figure 1 shows a schematic representation of the construction of the pEVAC-neu plasmid; at the top a schematic representation of the pl85 gene is shown; TM indicates the position of the transmembrane domain and the black box indicates the domain with homology to proteins with tyrosine kinase activity
- the pEVAC-neu plasmid has been placed on deposit at the American Type Culture Collection, Rockville, Maryland and assigned the accession number 40363
- CV-1 cells (10 cells per 6 cm plate) were infected with vaccinia virus VZ2 at a multiplicity of infection of 2 and incubated for 40 minutes at 37°C. Cells were then transfected with 27 ug of calcium orthophosphate precipitated pEVAC-neu DNA. After a further incubation for 16 hours at 37°C virus was harvested and titered.
- ABT9-4 had a final concentration of 1.14x10 13 pfu/ml.
- Serum antibody responses to vaccinia were detected using a solid-phase ELISA.
- Sucrose- gradient purified vaccinia virus (WR strain) at a protein concentration of 10 ug/ l in 0.05M carbonate buffer pH9.6 was used to passively coat microtiter wells. After 2 hours at 37°C, the solution was aspirated and dilutions of test sera were added to the wells. Following a 1 hour incubation at 37°C, the wells were washed three times with PBS sup ⁇ plemented with 0.05% Tween 20 and were then in ⁇ cubated with HRP-labeled goat anti-mouse IgG (Jackson Immunoresearch) at a dilution of 1:5000.
- HRP-labeled goat anti-mouse IgG Jackson Immunoresearch
- Rat sera were tested using an HRP-labeled F(Ab)_ goat anti-rat IgG, also at a dilution of 1:5000. After incubation with the second antibody, the wells were again washed three times with PBS-Tween, and color was developed using 3,3,5, 5 » -tetramethyl- benzidine (TMB, Sigma) . 10 mg of TMB was dissolved in 1 ml of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO and 100 ul of this solution was added to 5 ml of acetate citrate buffer pH 6.0 along with 10 ul of 3% H_0 . Color was allowed to develop for five minutes, after which the reaction was stopped by the addition of 2.5M H_SO .
- DMSO dimethylsulfoxide
- the absorbance was read at 450 n on a Dynatech Mini-readerll plate reader. Serum antibody responses to the rat pl85 protein were determined similarly, using a cell lysate of DHFR G8 cells to coat the microtiter wells. DHFR G8 cells over- ' express the non-transforming rat pl85 protein. See Hung, M.C., Schechter, A.L., Chevray, P.Y., Stern, D.F. & Weinberg, R.A. (1986) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 83, 261-264. .ELISA titers against the pl85 protein are reported as the last dilution which still gives as OD of at least 0.05 units greater than the OD seen for background binding. ELISA titers against vaccinia virus are defined as the dilution of serum which gives an O.D. which is half the maximum O.D. obtained in the assay.
- the neu oncogene was initially detected by transfection of DNA from chemically induced rat neuroblastomas into NIH3T3 mouse cells.
- the resulting transfectants were found to be tumorigenic in NFS mice. These mice also were found to mount a strong humoral immune response against the extracellular portion of the pl85 specified by the transfected rat gene.
- This pl85 protein has many properties of a growth factor receptor. In addition to the extracellular domain, it has a transmembrane domain and an intracellular domain with sequences that share homology with proteins having tyrosine kinase activity. Bargmann, C.I., Hung, M.C & Weinberg, R.A. & Paoletti, E. (1983) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 80, 5364-5368; Schechter, A.L., Hung, M.C, Vaidyanathan, L. , Weinberg, R.A. , Yang-Feng, T.L., France, ⁇ . ,
- the neu-encoded protein foUnd in the oncogene-transfected cells differs from its normal counterpart by a single amino acid substitution in the transmembrane domain of the protein, Bargmann, C.I., Hung, M.C. and Weinberg, R.A. (1986). Cell 45, 649-657.
- CV- ⁇ 1 cells were infected at a multiplicity of infection of 10 pfu per cell with either the ABT 9-4 recombinant virus or an equal dose of WR wild-type vaccinia virus. Directly after infection, 35S-cysteme was added and in ⁇ fection was allowed to proceed for 6 hours. Fol ⁇ lowing this, infected cells were lysed with RIPA buffer and lysates were immunoprecipitated with the anti-pl85 monoclonal antibody 7.16.4 (Drebin, J.A. et al. (1984) Nature 312 545-548) .
- FIG. 2 shows SDS polyaery1amide gel electrophoresis of the proteins immunoprecipitated with anti-pl85 monoclonal anti ⁇ body (Lanes indicated “ni” represent lysates pre ⁇ cipitated with a non-immune mouse serum; lanes indicated “plSS” were immunoprecipitated with the 7.16.4 monoclonal antibody; a lysate from BlOl-1-1 cells (expressing the transforming pl85 protein) was added as a control.
- ABT 9-4-infected cells but not wild-type vaccinia virus-infected cells, produce a 100 kD - protein that is precipitated by the monoclonal antibody 7.16.4.
- the molecular weight of the precipitated protein is in good agreement with that calculated for the protein specified by the trun- cated neu gene.
- mice The ability of inbred mice to respond to a foreign antigen is known to differ widely'between strains. Accordingly, we first tested various mouse strains for their ability to mount an immune re ⁇ sponse against the rat pl85 protein. To do this, four-week old mice of various strains were inoculated intraperitoneally with 10 pfu of either wild-type vaccinia virus or an equal dose of ABT9-4 recombinant virus. After 4 weeks, a booster in- jection of 10 pfu of virus was given. Sera were collected two weeks later. The production of antibodies directed against the neu oncogene product was followed using an ELISA assay (Materials and Methods) .
- mice are closely related to the ' strain from which the NIH3T3 cell line arose. They thus represent a reasonable host for oncogene- transformed NIH3T3 tumor cells.
- mice were immunized intraperitoneally with 10 pfu of ABT9-4 recombinant virus. After four weeks mice were boosted with a similar dose of virus. Titers indicated were obtained with sera collected two weeks after the ' boost. ELISA assays were performed as described in Materials and Methods. We next determined the kinetics of the develop ⁇ ment of immunity against the pl85 protein in NFS mice immunized with the vaccinia virus recombinant. To do this, NFS mice were immunized with a single
- mice Q subcutaneous injection of 10 pfu of the ABT9-4 recombinant virus.
- Control mice were immunized in parallel with an equal dose of wild type vaccinia virus.
- mice ere bled at weekly intervals and the sera were tested for an ability to precipitate pl85 from lysates of 32p labeled DHFR G8 cells.
- Figure 3 shows SDS acrylamide gel electrophoresis as follows: Lane 1: non-immune mouse serum; lanes 2 and 3: sera from mice immunized with wild type vaccinia virus collected 4 weeks post immunization; Lanes 4 and 5: sera from mice immunized with ABT9-4 recom ⁇ binant virus, 3 weeks post immunization; Lanes 6-9: sera from ABT9-4 immunized mice collected 4 weeks post immunization; Lanes 10 and 11: Sera from ABR9-4 immunized mice, 5 weeks post immunization; Lane 12: monoclonal antibody 7.16.4.
- FIG. 4 Young adult NFS mice were immunized with a single injection of 10 pfu of wild type vaccinia virus or ABT9-4 recombinant virus. Four weeks g later, these mice were challenged with either 2X10 (panel A) or 1X10 neu-transformed NIH3T3 cells (panel B) . As a control, a group of immunized mice was challenged with Ha-ras transformed NIH3T3 cells (panel C) . Each group of consisted of 10 mice, the data are represented as the average tumor area ⁇ SD. ( • ) : Wild type vaccinia immunized mice, ( O ) : ABT9-4 recombinant immunized mice.
- B104-1-1 cells grow progressively for the first 12 to 19 days, after which the tumors begin to regress spontaneously and finally disappear com ⁇ pletely after about 5 weeks.
- a similar pattern of tumor growth and rejection was observed when non- immunized NFS mice were injected with an equal dose of B104-1-1 cells (data not shown) . Since tumor regression is not seen when these cells are injected in athymic nude mice, it is most likely tumor regression is caused by the spontaneous development of immunity against these cells. A quite different result was obtained when
- B104-1-1 cells were injected into NFS mice immunized with the ABT9-4 recombinant virus ( Figure 4A,B) . g Following injection of a tumor cell dose of 2X10 cells per animal, no tumor developed at the site of
- B104 neuroblastoma cells derived directly from a chemically-induced tumor of a BDIX rat and express the transforming version of pl85. Schubert, D. , Heinemann, S., Carlisle, W. , Tarikas, H. , Kimes, B. , Patrick, J. , Steinbach, J.H. , Culp, W. & Brandt, B.L. (1974) Nature 249, 224-227.
Abstract
Recombinant pox viruses capable of expressing cell-encoded, tumor-associated antigens are disclosed. The recombinant viruses are useful for evoking an immune response against the antigen.
Description
RECOMBINANT POX VIRUS FOR IMMUNIZATION AGAINST TUMOR-ASSOCIATED ANTIGENS
Background
The discovery over the past decade of cellular oncogenes has provided one explanation of the molecular mechanisms that are responsible for the neoplastic conversion of many types of cells. Nevertheless, these genes and similarly acting cellular elements can at best explain only part of the process of tumor formation. Before growing out into a tumor, the transformed cells must confront and evade physiological mechanisms that are designed to defend the host against cancer.
Prominent in these defenses, presumably are immune mechanisms that involve specific recognition and elimination of tumor cells. These mechanisms are poorly understood: the nature and importance of immunological effector mechanisms are unclear, and the identity of tumor cell markers that may be recognized by these effectors remains mostly elu¬ sive.
A desirable mode of cancer treatment is to enlist natural immune mechanisms to establish anti-tumor immunity. Methods for inducing effective anti-tumor immunity, however, remain to be eluci¬ dated. One possible way of inducing immune response against a tumor might be to immunize with a tumor- associated antigen. For examples, the ectodomain of
the neu-encoded rat pl85 protein constitutes a highly immunogenic determinant in tumor-bearing NFS mice which invariably mount a strong serum response to this protein. See, Padhy, L.C. et al. (1982) Cell, 2j^:865-871. Tumors formed from neu-trans- fectants (cells transformed with the neu gene) initially grow rapidly but ultimately are seen to regress. This regression is not seen with tumors formed from other types of oncogene-transfected cells and can be attributed at least partially to recognition of the neu- ransfectants by the host immune system. The nature of the immune mechanisms that effect this regression and establish anti-tumor immunity is unclear. It is possible that the pl85 antigen alone suffices to induce the anti-tumor response. Alternatively, this antigen may only provoke an effective response when acting in concert with other unrelated, transformation-specific antigens displayed by the oncogene-transformed cells.
A purified, murine melanoma tumor-specific antigen has been demonstrated to elicit tumor rejection of a melanoma. Hearing, V.J. et al. J. Immunol., 137:379 (1986). This work suggests that tumor-associated antigens can be used successfully as targets for tumor immunotherapy. Recently, Lathe et al. showed that immunization of mice with a recombinant vaccinia virus capable of expressing a polyoma-virus encoded antigen induced rejection of
viral-induced tumor. Lathe et al. (1987) Nature 326, 878-880. The polyoma viral antigen, however, is a completely foreign and highly immunogenic antigen.
" Summary of the Invention
This invention pertains to recombinant pox viruses capable of expressing cell-encoded tumor- associated antigens, to methods of producing the recombinant pox virus, to intermediate DNA vectors which recombine with pox virus ^n vivo to produce the modified pox viruses and to methods of im¬ munizing a' host with the recombinant pox virus to elicit an immune response against a cell-encoded tumor-associated antigen. The invention is based, in part, on the discovery that immunization with the neu antigen via a recombinant pox virus serves as effective prophylaxis against tumors formed by neu oncogene-transfected cells.
Recombinant pox virus capable of expressing a cell-encoded tumor-associated antigen are produced by integrating into the pox virus genome sequences encoding the antigen or immunogenic portions there¬ of. Tumor-associated antigens can be cellular oncogene-encoded products or aberrantly expressed proto-oncogene-encoded products (e.g. products encoded by the neu, ros, trk, and kit genes) and mutated forms of growth factor receptor or receptor¬ like cell surface molecules (e.g. surface receptor
encoded by the c-erb B gene) . Other tumor- associated antigens include molecules which may or may not be directly involved in transformation events, but are expressed by tumor cells (e.g. carcinoembryonic antigen, CA-125, melonoma as¬ sociated antigens, etc.) In some embodiments the sequence encoding the tumor-associated antigen is engineered to encode a product which retains at least an immunogenic domain but is disabled with respect to its oncogenic activity. For example," truncated products may be designed which contain the immunogenic domains of the natural gene product but which either lack or contain inactivated oncogenic regions. The DNA sequence encoding the tumor-associated antigen is inserted into a region of the pox virus genome which is nonessential for replication of the pox virus, generally in association with a pox virus promoter to direct its expression. The DNA sequence encoding the tumor-associated antigen is integrated into the pox viral genome by an in vivo recombination event between an inter¬ mediate DNA vector carrying the DNA encoding the tumor-associated antigen and a pox virus. In essence, the intermediate DNA vector contains the antigen-encoding sequence linked to a pox viral promoter located within a DNA sequence homologous to a region of the pox viral genome which is nones¬ sential for replication of the pox virus. Thus, at minimum the vector comprises: a. a prokaryotic origin of replication;
b. a pox viral promoter; c. a sequence encoding a tumor-associated antigen under the direction of the pox viral promoter; and d. DNA sequences of the pox virus into which the gene encoding the antigen sequence is to be integrated, the DNA sequences flanking the promoter and structural gene at both the 5' and 3 ' end, the DNA sequence being homologous to the region of the pox virus genome where the sequence of the tumor associated antigen is to be inserted.
Recombination of the DNA vector and the pox virus is achieved in an appropriate host cell. Appropriate host cells for in vivo recombination are eukaryotic cells which are 1) transfectable by the DNA vector and 2) infectable by pox virus. The host cell is transfected with the DNA vector carrying the antigen sequence and then infected with the pox virus. The virus is allowed to replicate in the host cell during which time recombination occurs in vivo between the DNA vector and the virus resulting in insertion of the sequence encoding the tumor- associated antigen into the pox virus genome. The recombinant viral progeny is isolated from the wild type virus.
An assayable marker can be co-integrated with the antigen-encoding sequence. Expression of the marker provides a basis for selection of recombinant virus containing integrated DNA. Other methods of selection include detection of the integrated
sequences by hybridization with homologous DNA probes. Negative selection procedures can also be used such as selection for absence of the product of the viral gene into which the DNA segment has been inserted. When an assayable marker is located at the viral insertion site, recombinants can be identified by loss of the marker..
The recombinant virus is a virus which ex¬ presses in an inoculated host the cellular tu or- associated antigen. The virally-expressed product will trigger cell-mediated and/or humoral immunity against the antigen and cells bearing the antigen.
Brief Description of the Figures
Figure 1 is a schematic representation of the construction of the pEVAC-neu plasmid.
Figure 2 shows the expression of the internally deleted pl85 in vaccinia virus-infected cells.
Figure 3 shows the development of antibody response to pl85 in vaccinia virus-infected mice. Figure 4 shows the results of tumor challenge of mice vaccinated with vaccinia virus recombinants.
Detailed Description of the Invention
1. Selection of DNA Sequences Encoding Tumor As¬ sociated Antigens. Pox viruses serve as effective vectors for inducing immunity against tumor-associated antigens.
According to this invention, the antigens can be cell-encoded molecules i.e., molecules which are encoded by genes intrinsic to cells as opposed to those encoded by genes introduced by an extrinsic transforming agent such as a virus.
Particularly preferred tumor-associated anti¬ gens are cell surface molecules. These are positioned for recognition by elements of the immune systems and thus are excellent targets for immuno- therap .
Genes which encode cellular tumor-associated antigens include cellular oncogenes and proto- oncogenes which are aberrantly expressed. In general, cellular oncogenes encode products which are directly relevant to the transformation of the cell and, because of this, they are particularly preferred targets for immunotherapy. An example is the tumorigenic neu gene which encodes a cell surface molecule which appears to be directly related to the transformation of a cell. Other examples include the ros, kit, and trk genes. The products of proto-oncogenes (the normal genes which are mutated to form oncogenes) can be aberrantly expressed (e.g. overexpressed) and this aberrant expression can be related to cell transformation.
Thus, the product encoded by proto-oncogenes can be targeted for immune therapy.
Some oncogenes have been found to encode growth factor receptor molecules or growth factor receptor¬ like molecules which are expressed on the tumor cell surface. An example is the cell surface receptor encoded by the c-erbB gene. These are particularly suitable for the purpose of this invention.
Other tumor-associated antigens may or may not be directly involved in transformation. These antigens, however, are expressed by certain tumor cells and provide effective targets" for immuno- therapy. Some examples are carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) , CA 125 (associated with ovarian carcinoma) , and melanoma specific antigens.
When a tumor-associated antigen which has oncogenic activity (such as oncogene-encoded products) it may be desirable to inactivate the oncogenic properties of the antigen while retaining its the immunogenic properties. This can be accom¬ plished by mutagenesis techniques. For example, several oncogene encoded products are known to possess tyrosine kinase activity which is related in their transforming capabilities. Frame shift mutations, point mutations or DNA deletions within the tyrosine kinase domain of the oncogene can destroy tyrosine activity of the expressed product and render it devoid of tumorigenic activity. In cases where a tumorigenic region of the gene has not been identified, random mutations can be made within the gene and mutated genes can be selected for lack
of oncogenic activity and retention of immuno- genicity.
Cellular genes encoding tumor-associated antigens can be isolated from tumor cells employing standard techniques for isolation of genes. See e.g. Shih, C. and Weinberg, R.A. Cell 29 161-169 (1982) . Many genes encoding tumor associated antigens have been cloned and thus are available for use in constructing the recombinant pox viruses of this invention. See e.g., Bargmann et al. (1986)
Nature 319, 226-238 (neu gene) ; Martin-Zanca, D. et al. , Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantative Biology, V. LI, p. 985-992 (1986) (trk gene); Paxton, R.J. et al. , Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 84; 920-924 (1987) (CEA) .
2. Pox viruses
Any member of the pox family can be used for the generation of recombinant viruses; for the purposes of vaccine development, the preferred pox virus is a virus which does not cause significant disease in normal humans or animals. For example, for humans and other mammals, the preferred pox virus is vaccinia virus, a relatively benign virus, which has been used for years as a vaccine against smallpox. Several strains of vaccinia, which differ in level of virulence, are available for use as vaccine strains; for the purposes of vaccination, a less virulent strain such as the New York State Board of Health Strain which still retains the
ability to elicit an appropriate immune response is preferred. General techniques for integration of foreign DNA into vaccinia virus to produce a modified virus capable of expression foreign protein encoded by the foreign DNA are described by Paoletti et al. U.S. Patent No. 4,603,112, the teachings of which are. incorporated by reference herein.
3. DNA Vector for recombination with pox virus According to the method of this invention a foreign gene which encodes the cell-encoded tumor associated antigen is inserted into the genome of a pox virus so as to allow it to be expressed by the pox virus along with the expression of the normal complement of pox virus proteins (except for the pox viral protein encoded by the gene into which the foreign DNA is inserted) . This is accomplished by first constructing a chimeric donor vector for recombination with pox virus which contains the DNA encoding the tumor associated antigen together with a pox viral promoter directing its expansion flanked by pox viral sequences. The flanking pox viral se¬ quences can be any pox DNA region nonessential for replication; these allow the vector to recombine with pox virus _in vivo at a specific region in the pox virus genome. This recombination results in integration of the DNA sequence encoding the tumor- associated antigen into the genome to produce a recombinant virus containing the DNA sequence.
The DNA vectors of this invention for integra¬ tion of a DNA sequence of a cell-encoded tumor- associated antigen in expressible form into the pox viral genome contain the following elements: a. a pox viral promoter linked to: b. a DNA sequence containing a cloning site for insertion of DNA; c. DNA sequences flanking the construct of elements a and b, the flanking sequences being homologous to a region of the pox viral genome which is nonessential to replication of the virus; d. a replicon for vector replication in a prokaryotic host; and e. a gene encoding an assayable marker or indicator for selection of the vector in transformed prokaryotic hosts. DNA vectors can also be constructed for in¬ sertion of two or more DNA sequences encoding different tumor associated antigens into pox virus. The antigen-encoding DNA sequences can be placed in tandem between the homologous flanking sequences, each sequence under the control of a separate pox viral promoter. The cloning site generally comprises recog¬ nition sites for several restriction enzymes which allow different modes of insertion of DNA. An example sequence containing a multiple cloning site is: GGATCCCCGGGTACCGAGCTCGAATTC, which contains the recognition sequences and cleavage sites for the
restriction endonuclease enzymes BamHI, Smal, pnl, SacI and EcoRI. Sequences containing additional or different recognition sites can be used. The cloning site is located adjacent to and downstream of a pox viral promoter such that an inserted gene can be placed under control of the promoter.
The pox viral promoter controls expression of the DNA sequence inserted at the cloning site and can be obtained from the species of pox virus with which the vector is designed to recombine.
The sequences flanking the construct of ele¬ ments a and b (the pox viral promoter and adjacent cloning site) are homologous to a region of the pox viral genome which is not necessary for replication of the pox virus. Thus, recombination and integra¬ tion of foreign DNA will occur at this site and the inserted DNA will not abolish viral replication. A preferred region for insertion into pox virus is within the gene coding for thymidine kinase (TK) . Insertion into this region has several advantages: (1) the TK gene is not required for viral repli¬ cation, so insertions into this gene do not abolish viral replication; (2) insertions into the TK gene do, however, partially inhibit viral replication, resulting in a recombinant pox virus that is less virulent and therefore possibly more suitable as a vaccine strain; and (3) it is possible to select recombinant viruses by selecting for insertional inactivation of the TK gene by selecting for in- sertional inactivation of the TK gene by growth in
the presence of 5-bromodeoxyuridine. In order to obtain insertion into the TK gene, the recombination vector must contain flanking sequences homologous to the TK gene sequences. Other nonessential regions of the pox virus genome can be used as flanking sequences to direct the stable integration of the DNA vector into the pox virus genome; these include, but are not limited to, regions of the genomic DNA contained on the Hindlll and HindlllF restriction fragments.
The replicon for replication in a prokaryotic host and the gene encoding the selectable indicator or marker allow the vector to be selected and amplified in a prokaryotic host such as E. coli to provide ample quantities of the vector DNA for eventual transfection of eukaryotic host cells for . recombination. The replicon can be obtained from any conventional prokaryotic vector such as pBR322 or the pEMBL group of vectors. The selectable marker can be a gene conferring antibiotic resis¬ tance (e.g. ampicillin, chloramphenicol, kanamycin or tetracycline resistance) .
Preferred vectors contain genetic elements which permit positive selection of recombinant viruses, i.e., those viruses which have recombined with the vector and, as a result, have acquired the sequence of interest. These elements for selection comprise a pox virus promoter, which controls expression of the indicator gene in the recombinant virus. The promoter and indicator gene (marker) are
located between the flanking pox viral sequences so that the elements which allow for selection and the oncogene sequence of interest are co-integrated into the pox viral genome. Recombinant viruses can then be selected based upon expression of the marker or indicator.
A preferred gene for selection is the E. coli lacZ gene which encodes the selectable enzyme B-galactosidase. Methods of selection based upon expression of this enzyme are discussed below. Other selection methods include thymidine kinase selection as described above, and any drug resis¬ tance selection, for example, the selection that is provided by the gene encoding neomycin phospho- transferase, an enzyme which confers resistance to G418 (Franke et al. , 1985. Mol. Cell. Biol. 5 , 1918) .
Alternatively, a negative type of selection can be employed. A preferred procedure of this type involves the use of a vaccinia virus such as vZ2 a recombinant derivative of the Wr vaccinia strain which contains a lacZ gene inserted within the Hindlll F-region. Donor vectors containing homolo¬ gous regions of the HindlllF region and can reco - bine with vZ2 thereby replacing the lacZ gene with the DNA sequence encoding the tumor-associated antigen. Recombinant virus are lacZ- and appear as white plaques in the presence of chromogenic sub- strate (e.g. Bluo-Gal TM) . See, Panicali, D. et al. (1986) Gene, 47:193-199.
As mentioned above, the preferred species of pox virus for insertion of DNA sequences for pro¬ duction of vaccines is the vaccinia species. Accordingly, preferred vectors are designed for recombination with the vaccinia virus and thus, the pox viral elements of the vector are derived from vaccinia virus. A vector for recombination with vaccinia virus can contain: a. one or more vaccinia promoter (e.g. the vaccinia UK, 7.5K, 30K, 40K or BamF promoter or modified versions of these promoters) ; b. a multiple cloning site adjacent to each promoter; c. a gene encoding a selectable marker (e.g. the E. coli lacZ gene) under control of a vaccinia promoter; d. DNA sequences homologous to a region of vaccinia virus nonessential for replication of the virus, the DNA sequences flanking the construct of elements a-d (e.g., sequences of the vaccinia thymidine kinase gene) ; e. a replicon for replication in a bacterial host; and f. • a gene encoding a selectable marker under control of a prokaryotic promoter for selection of the vector in a prokaryotic host.
Vaccinia promoters are DNA sequences which direct messenger RNA synthesis from vaccinia genes during a vaccinia virus infection. Such promoters can be isolated from the vaccinia genome or can be
constructed by DNA synthesis techniques. Promoters vary in strength of activity and in time of ex¬ pression during the vaccinia virus life cycle; these parameters can be altered by mutation of the pro- oter sequence. The promoters can be isolated or synthesized to include or not include a trans- lational initiation codon ATG as well as a multiple cloning site for convenient insertion of foreign gene in order to express these genes in vaccinia. 4. In vivo recombination
The intermediate DNA vectors containing the DNA encoding the tumor-associated antigen of interest (and the marker or indicator gene) flanked by appropriate pox viral sequences will undergo recom- bination with pox virus which results in integration of the flanked genes into the pox viral genome. This recombination will occur in a eukaryotic host cell. Appropriate host cells for recombination are cells which are 1) infectable by pox virus and 2) transfectable by the DNA vector. Examples of such cells are chick embryo fibroblast, CV-1 cells (monkey kidney cells) , HuTK-143 cells (human cells) , and BSC40 (monkey) cells.
The cells are first infected with pox virus and then transfected with the intermediate DNA vector. Viral infection is accomplished by standard tech¬ niques for infection of eukaryotic cells with pox virus. See e.g., Paoletti et al. , supra. The cells can be transfected with the intermediate DNA vector
by any of the conventional techniques of trans- fection. These include the techniques of calcium phosphate precipitation, DEAE dextran, electro- poration and protoplast fusion. The preferred technique is the calcium phosphate precipitation technique.
After infection and subsequent transfeetion, the cells are incubated under standard conditions and virus is allowed to replicate during which time in vivo recombination occurs between the homologous pox virus sequences in the intermediate vector and the pox virus sequences in the genome.
Recombinant viral progeny are then selected by any of several techniques. The presence of inte- grated foreign DNA can be detected by hybridization with a labeled DNA probe specific for the inserted DNA encoding the tumor antigen. Alternatively, virus harboring the tumor cell sequence can be selected on the basis of inactivation of the viral gene into which the foreign DNA was inserted. For example, if the DNA vector is designed for insertion into the thymidine kinase (TK) gene of a pox virus, viruses containing integrated DNA will be unable to express thymidine kinase (TK ) and can be selected on the basis of this phenotype. Preferred tech¬ niques for selection are based upon co-integration of a gene encoding a marker or indicator gene along with the gene of interest, as described above. A preferred indicator gene is the E. coli lacZ gene which encodes the enzyme B-galactosidase. Selection of recombinant viruses expressing B-galactosidase
can be done by employing a chromogenic substrate for the enzyme. For example, recombinant viruses are detected as blue plaques in the presence of the substrate 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-B-D-galactoside or other halogenated-indolyl-B-D-galactosides
(BluoGal Mi) .
Another preferred technique involves the use of virus vZ2 as described above.
Recombinant viruses which express the inserted DNA sequence encoding the tumor associated antigen can be determined by any of several standard pro¬ cedures including RNA dot blots, black plaque assays, immunoprecipitation (employing antibody reactive with the antigen) , etc.
5. Vaccines
Live recombinant viruses expressing an an immunogenic a cell encoded tumor associated antigen can be used to induce an immune response against tumor cells which express the protein. These recombinant viruses may be administered intra- dermally, as was conventionally done for small pox vaccination, or by other routes appropriate to the recombinant virus used. These may include among others, intramuscular, subcutaneous, and oral routes. Vaccination of a host organism with live recombinant vaccinia virus is followed by replica¬ tion of the virus within the host. During replica¬ tion, the oncogene sequence is expressed along with the normal complement of vaccinia genes. If the
oncogene product is an antigen, it will stimulate the host to mount an immunological response, both humoral and cell-mediated, to the tumor associated antigen (as well as to vaccinia virus itself) . 6. Use of Recombinant Pox Viruses to Produce Therapeutic and Diagnostic Reagents
Recombinant pox virus which express tumor- associated antigens can also provide a means to produce antibody against the antigen for use thera- peutics or diagnostics. Infection of experimental animals with the recombinant pox viruses can be used to raise both monoclonal antibodies and polyclonal antisera which recognize the tumor associated antigen. The antibodies may be useful in passive immunotherapy against tumor. In diagnostics, these monoclonal and/or polyclonal antibodies can be used as capture antibody for immunoassay in the RIA or ELISA format, to detect the presence or to quantify the antigen in a biological fluid (e.g., urine, blood, etc.)
Alternatively, cells infected iτι vitro with the recombinant pox viruses can be used as a source of the tumor associated antigens. Compatible host cells are infected with a recombinant pox virus capable of expressing the desired tumor associated antigen and cultured under conditions which allow the virus to replicate and express the antigen. The antigen is then isolated from the cells.
The invention is illustrated further by the following exemplification.
Exemplification
Virus and Cells
CV-1 cells were obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC#CCL70) and were grown in Minimal Essential Media (MEM) supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum. Vaccinia virus strain VZ2 is a derivative of the WR strain which contains the lacZ gene inserted at the Bam Hi-site in the vaccinia virus Hind III F-region. Panicali, D. , Grzelezcki, A. & Long, C. (1986) Gene 4J_, 193-199.
Construction of a chimeric donor plasmid for in vivo recombination pEVAC is a recombinant plasmid which contains a 2.5 kb Pst I fragment corresponding to the middle portion of the vaccinia virus Hindlll F-fragment.
Panicali, D. , Davis, S.W., Mercer, S.R. & Paoletti, E. (1981). J. Virol. 37, 1000-1010; this Pstl- fragment is inserted into the PstI site of a deriva¬ tive of pEMBLlδ (Dente, L. , Cesareni, G. & Cortese, R. (1983) Nucleic Acids Res. 11, 1645-1655), lacking a Ba HI restriction site. Adjacent to the Ba HI site in the vaccinia virus fragment is an early vaccinia promoter which has been used previously to express a variety of antigens. Panicali, D., Davis., S.W., Weinberg, R.A. & Paoletti, E. (1983) Proc.
Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 80, 5364-5368. This vector was used to insert the rat neu cDNA described by
Bargmann et.al. , (1986) Nature 319, 226-230. In order to disable the oncogenic function of the neu-encoded protein, an internal deletion was made in the neu cDNA clone by deleting the sequences between the Bam HI site at nt 2175 and the Bglll site at nt 3250 of the neu cDNA sequence. Barg ann, C.I. Hung, M.C. & Weinberg, R.A. (1986) Nature 319, 226-230. This deletion removes the region that specifies the tyrosine kinase domain of the neu- encoded protein. In addition it generates a frame- shift mutation downstream of the kinase domain, creating a new stop codon shortly after the Bglll site at nt 3250. The resulting construct was designated pEVAC-neu. (Figure 1 shows a schematic representation of the construction of the pEVAC-neu plasmid; at the top a schematic representation of the pl85 gene is shown; TM indicates the position of the transmembrane domain and the black box indicates the domain with homology to proteins with tyrosine kinase activity) . The pEVAC-neu plasmid has been placed on deposit at the American Type Culture Collection, Rockville, Maryland and assigned the accession number 40363
Construction, Identification and Purification of Recombinant Vaccinia Virus
Recombinant vaccinia virus was constructed as previously described. See Panicali, D. & Paoletti,
E. (1982) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 79_ 4927-4931.
In short, CV-1 cells (10 cells per 6 cm plate) were infected with vaccinia virus VZ2 at a multiplicity
of infection of 2 and incubated for 40 minutes at 37°C. Cells were then transfected with 27 ug of calcium orthophosphate precipitated pEVAC-neu DNA. After a further incubation for 16 hours at 37°C virus was harvested and titered.
The DNA used for this transfection was able to recombine with homologous sequences in the Hindlll F-region of the VZ2 genome, thereby replacing the lac-Z gene. As a result, recombinant virus appeared as white plaques in the presence of Bluo-Gal
(Bethesda Research Laboratories) , while the parental virus VZ2 appeared blue. White plaques were picked and five rounds of plaque purification were per¬ formed. One of the recombinant viruses, designated ABT9-4, had a final concentration of 1.14x10 13 pfu/ml.
ELISA ASSAY
Serum antibody responses to vaccinia were detected using a solid-phase ELISA. Sucrose- gradient purified vaccinia virus (WR strain) at a protein concentration of 10 ug/ l in 0.05M carbonate buffer pH9.6 was used to passively coat microtiter wells. After 2 hours at 37°C, the solution was aspirated and dilutions of test sera were added to the wells. Following a 1 hour incubation at 37°C, the wells were washed three times with PBS sup¬ plemented with 0.05% Tween 20 and were then in¬ cubated with HRP-labeled goat anti-mouse IgG (Jackson Immunoresearch) at a dilution of 1:5000.
Rat sera were tested using an HRP-labeled F(Ab)_ goat anti-rat IgG, also at a dilution of 1:5000. After incubation with the second antibody, the wells were again washed three times with PBS-Tween, and color was developed using 3,3,5, 5»-tetramethyl- benzidine (TMB, Sigma) . 10 mg of TMB was dissolved in 1 ml of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO and 100 ul of this solution was added to 5 ml of acetate citrate buffer pH 6.0 along with 10 ul of 3% H_0 . Color was allowed to develop for five minutes, after which the reaction was stopped by the addition of 2.5M H_SO . The absorbance was read at 450 n on a Dynatech Mini-readerll plate reader. Serum antibody responses to the rat pl85 protein were determined similarly, using a cell lysate of DHFR G8 cells to coat the microtiter wells. DHFR G8 cells over- ' express the non-transforming rat pl85 protein. See Hung, M.C., Schechter, A.L., Chevray, P.Y., Stern, D.F. & Weinberg, R.A. (1986) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 83, 261-264. .ELISA titers against the pl85 protein are reported as the last dilution which still gives as OD of at least 0.05 units greater than the OD seen for background binding. ELISA titers against vaccinia virus are defined as the dilution of serum which gives an O.D. which is half the maximum O.D. obtained in the assay.
Results
Construction of a NEU- Containing Recombinant Vaccinia Virus
The neu oncogene was initially detected by transfection of DNA from chemically induced rat neuroblastomas into NIH3T3 mouse cells. Padhy, L.C. , Shih, C. , Cowing, D.C., Finkelstein, R. & Weinberg, R.A. (1982) Cell 28; 865-871, Shih, c, Padhy, L.C, Murray, M. & Weinberg, R.A. (1981) Nature 290, 261-263. The resulting transfectants were found to be tumorigenic in NFS mice. These mice also were found to mount a strong humoral immune response against the extracellular portion of the pl85 specified by the transfected rat gene. Padhy, L.C, Shih, C, Cowing, D.C, Finkelstein, R. & Weinberg, R.A. (1982) Cell 28, 865-871. This pl85 protein has many properties of a growth factor receptor. In addition to the extracellular domain, it has a transmembrane domain and an intracellular domain with sequences that share homology with proteins having tyrosine kinase activity. Bargmann, C.I., Hung, M.C & Weinberg, R.A. & Paoletti, E. (1983) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 80, 5364-5368; Schechter, A.L., Hung, M.C, Vaidyanathan, L. , Weinberg, R.A. , Yang-Feng, T.L., France, ϋ. ,
Ullrich, A. and Coussens, L. (1985) Science 229, 976-978. The neu-encoded protein foUnd in the oncogene-transfected cells differs from its normal counterpart by a single amino acid substitution in the transmembrane domain of the protein, Bargmann,
C.I., Hung, M.C. and Weinberg, R.A. (1986). Cell 45, 649-657.
We adapted a cDNA clone of the neu oncogene for introduction into the vaccinia vector. We first removed the bulk of the sequences specifying the cytoplasmic domain of the protein. By deleting the kinase domain, we fully disable the oncogenic effector functions of pl85 while leaving intact the immunogenic ectodomain. The truncated neu cDNA clone, encoding the ectodomain, the transmembrane anchor domain, and approximately 50 amino acid residues of the intracellular domain, was then joined with the Bam-F promoter of vaccinia virus. The resulting construct was designated pEVAC-neu. This gene was then introduced into vaccinia virus by homologous recombination (Materials and Methods) . The resulting chimeric virus was termed ABT 9-4.
Expression in Infected Cells
To test whether the manipulated neu gene encoded by the recombinant vaccinia virus is ex¬ pressed in infected cells, CV-^1 cells were infected at a multiplicity of infection of 10 pfu per cell with either the ABT 9-4 recombinant virus or an equal dose of WR wild-type vaccinia virus. Directly after infection, 35S-cysteme was added and in¬ fection was allowed to proceed for 6 hours. Fol¬ lowing this, infected cells were lysed with RIPA buffer and lysates were immunoprecipitated with the
anti-pl85 monoclonal antibody 7.16.4 (Drebin, J.A. et al. (1984) Nature 312 545-548) . This antibody reacts with a still undefined determinant located in the ectodomain of the protein. Figure 2 shows SDS polyaery1amide gel electrophoresis of the proteins immunoprecipitated with anti-pl85 monoclonal anti¬ body (Lanes indicated "ni" represent lysates pre¬ cipitated with a non-immune mouse serum; lanes indicated "plSS" were immunoprecipitated with the 7.16.4 monoclonal antibody; a lysate from BlOl-1-1 cells (expressing the transforming pl85 protein) was added as a control. The positions of the molecular weight markers are indicated.) As can be seen in Figure 2, ABT 9-4-infected cells, but not wild-type vaccinia virus-infected cells, produce a 100 kD - protein that is precipitated by the monoclonal antibody 7.16.4. The molecular weight of the precipitated protein is in good agreement with that calculated for the protein specified by the trun- cated neu gene. We conclude from these experiments that the ABT 9-4 recombinant directs the synthesis of a truncated pl85 molecule.
Immune Reactivity in Virus-Infected Mice
The ability of inbred mice to respond to a foreign antigen is known to differ widely'between strains. Accordingly, we first tested various mouse strains for their ability to mount an immune re¬ sponse against the rat pl85 protein. To do this, four-week old mice of various strains were
inoculated intraperitoneally with 10 pfu of either wild-type vaccinia virus or an equal dose of ABT9-4 recombinant virus. After 4 weeks, a booster in- jection of 10 pfu of virus was given. Sera were collected two weeks later. The production of antibodies directed against the neu oncogene product was followed using an ELISA assay (Materials and Methods) . The results, shown in Table l, demon¬ strate that not all mouse strains have the ability respond to the rat pl85 protein. We assume that these differences are due to differences in MHC haplotypes of these mouse strains. For example, we note that both mouse strains of the H-2 haplotype did not respond to the neu product. In subsequent experiments we concentrated on the use of NFS mice as a model. These mice are closely related to the ' strain from which the NIH3T3 cell line arose. They thus represent a reasonable host for oncogene- transformed NIH3T3 tumor cells.
Table 1. Antibody titers of different mouse strains to the rat pl85 protein following vaccination with vaccinia recombinant ABT9-4.
Strain Haplotype Sera ELISA Titer
Balb/c H-2 non-immune 0 immune 0
C3H/HeN H-2 non-immune 0 immune 1:80
DBA/2N R-2- non-immune 0 immune 0
NFS outbred non-immune 0 immune 1:40
NzW/LacJ H-2' non-immune' 0 immune 1:80
SM/J H-21 non-immune 0 immune 0
Swiss outbred non-immune 0 immune 1:80
Q
Mice were immunized intraperitoneally with 10 pfu of ABT9-4 recombinant virus. After four weeks mice were boosted with a similar dose of virus. Titers indicated were obtained with sera collected two weeks after the' boost. ELISA assays were performed as described in Materials and Methods.
We next determined the kinetics of the develop¬ ment of immunity against the pl85 protein in NFS mice immunized with the vaccinia virus recombinant. To do this, NFS mice were immunized with a single
Q subcutaneous injection of 10 pfu of the ABT9-4 recombinant virus. Control mice were immunized in parallel with an equal dose of wild type vaccinia virus. To monitor the development of immunity, mice ere bled at weekly intervals and the sera were tested for an ability to precipitate pl85 from lysates of 32p labeled DHFR G8 cells. Figure 3 shows SDS acrylamide gel electrophoresis as follows: Lane 1: non-immune mouse serum; lanes 2 and 3: sera from mice immunized with wild type vaccinia virus collected 4 weeks post immunization; Lanes 4 and 5: sera from mice immunized with ABT9-4 recom¬ binant virus, 3 weeks post immunization; Lanes 6-9: sera from ABT9-4 immunized mice collected 4 weeks post immunization; Lanes 10 and 11: Sera from ABR9-4 immunized mice, 5 weeks post immunization; Lane 12: monoclonal antibody 7.16.4.
As can be seen in Figure 3, infection by the recombinant. vaccinia virus led to the development of high titer antisera against pl85 within a period of three weeks. The serum titers showed a further slight increase in the next week. A similar pattern was found for the development of immunity against vaccinia virus in these mice as measured in an ELISA assay (data not shown) . As expected, no reactivity against pl85 was developed when mice were exposed to
the wild-type vaccinia virus (Figure 3, lanes 2 and 3) . These data made it clear that a single in¬ jection of recombinant vaccinia virus leads to the efficient induction of anti-pl85 antibody within a period of 4 weeks.
Tumor Rejection in Immune Mice
Subsequent experiments were designed to test whether immunization of NFS mice with the ABT9-4 recombinant virus had an effect on the tumorige- nicity of NIH3T3 cells transformed by the neu oncogene. These NIH3T3 derivatives, termed B104-101, carry the rat neu oncogene and display substantial amounts of oncogene-encoded pl85 on their surface, Padhy, L.C, Shih, C, Cowing, D.C, Finkelstein, R. & Weinberg, R.A. (1982) Cell 28, 865-871.
Young adult NFS mice were injected intra-
Q peritoneally with 10 pfu of wild-type or recom¬ binant vaccinia virus and challenged with various doses of B104-1-1 tumor cells four weeks post immunization. Both viruses provoked similar anti- vaccinia virus immune response in these mice, as measured in a vaccinia virus ELISA assay (data not shown) . The growth of tumors at the site of in- jection was followed in time and is presented in
Figure 4. Young adult NFS mice were immunized with a single injection of 10 pfu of wild type vaccinia virus or ABT9-4 recombinant virus. Four weeks g later, these mice were challenged with either 2X10
(panel A) or 1X10 neu-transformed NIH3T3 cells (panel B) . As a control, a group of immunized mice was challenged with Ha-ras transformed NIH3T3 cells (panel C) . Each group of consisted of 10 mice, the data are represented as the average tumor area ± SD. ( • ) : Wild type vaccinia immunized mice, ( O ) : ABT9-4 recombinant immunized mice.
The data show that in wild-type virus-infected animals, B104-1-1 cells grow progressively for the first 12 to 19 days, after which the tumors begin to regress spontaneously and finally disappear com¬ pletely after about 5 weeks. A similar pattern of tumor growth and rejection was observed when non- immunized NFS mice were injected with an equal dose of B104-1-1 cells (data not shown) . Since tumor regression is not seen when these cells are injected in athymic nude mice, it is most likely tumor regression is caused by the spontaneous development of immunity against these cells. A quite different result was obtained when
B104-1-1 cells were injected into NFS mice immunized with the ABT9-4 recombinant virus (Figure 4A,B) . g Following injection of a tumor cell dose of 2X10 cells per animal, no tumor developed at the site of
7 injection; at a dose of 10 cells per animal, a small nodule developed at the site of injection within five days which quickly disappeared in the next several days. These results show that immuni¬ zation with the vaccinia virus recombinant
drastically inhibits the outgrowth of pl85-expres- sing tumor cells.
No difference in tumor outgrowth was seen when both wild-type virus immunized mice and recombinant virus-immunized mice were challenged with Ha-ras- transformed NIH 3T3 cells. This showed that the immune protection brought about by the recombinant vaccinia virus is specific for tumor cells dis¬ playing the neu oncogene-encoded pl85 (Figure 4, panel c) .
Immune Reactivity in Rats
The introduction of the neu-transformed NIH3T3 cells into NFS mice represents an experimental artifice in that these tumor cells present an immunogenic rat protein to the mouse host. The immunogenicity of this protein appears to induce the eventual rejection of tumors formed from these cells (Figure 4A, B) . This situation would seem to contrast with one arising in an animal bearing an autochtonous tumor or a tumor deriving from fully syngeneic cells. In these latter cases, no antigen of allogeneic origin is presented, and potently immunogenic proteins are usually not displayed by the tumor cells. This reasoning caused us to question whether immunity to pl85 and associated tumor rejection could be developed in a fully syngeneic system. Thus we attempted to immunize BDIX rats with the vaccinia-induced pl85 antigen. The neuroblastomas
in which the neu oncogene arose were induced in rats of this strain. Schubert, D., Heinemann, S., Carlisle, W. , Tarikas, H. , Kimes, B. , Patrick, J., Steinbach, J.H. , Culp, W. & Brandt, B.L. (1974). Nature 249, 224-227. Though the ectodomain encoded by the vector-borne neu gene is identical to that of the normal pl85 expressed in the BDIX rat, the possibility remained that the amino acid substitu¬ tion present in the transmembrane domain of the oncogene-encoded protein might confer immunogenicity on this protein. This amino acid substitution is specified by the truncated neu gene borne by the vaccinia vector..
To measure the effectiveness of the vaccinia recombinant virus in rats we immunized the following rat strains with the ABT9-4 recombinant: BDIX, Fisher, Lewis, Sprague Dawley, Wistar-Kyoto. Weanling rats were immunized by intraperitoneal g injection of 10 pfu of wild-type vaccinia virus or ABT9-4 recombinant virus followed by a second intraperitoneal injection of 10 pfu of virus three weeks later. Two weeks after the booster injection, animals were bled and their sera were tested for reactivity with vaccinia virus antigens. Both strains of virus grew well in these rats, equivalent anti-vaccinia serum response (titers 1:10.000) in an vaccinia virus ELISA were found in all rat strains) . These sera were also tested for an ability to precipitate either the normal or the transforming version of the pl85 protein from
lysates of neu-transfected cells. No reactivity against either protein was found in any of the rat sera tested (data not shown) .
Although no humoral immunity against pl85 was elicited in these rats, it remained possible that these rats would display an effective anti-tumor response. Accordingly, we tested whether immuni¬ zation of BDIX rats by the ABT9-4 virus would result in inhibition of the growth of B104 neuroblastoma cells. These B104 cells derived directly from a chemically-induced tumor of a BDIX rat and express the transforming version of pl85. Schubert, D. , Heinemann, S., Carlisle, W. , Tarikas, H. , Kimes, B. , Patrick, J. , Steinbach, J.H. , Culp, W. & Brandt, B.L. (1974) Nature 249, 224-227. Exposure of the BDIX rats to the ABT 9-4 virus led to no significant inhibitory effect on the growth of injected B104 tumor cells (data not shown) . It appears that the ectodomain of the neu-pl85 that is expressed in vaccinia vector-infected cells is not immunogenic in BDIX rats, in that neither anti-pl85 serum response nor anti-tumor immunity was observed. It remains possible however that recombinants that express the neu-encoded pl85 protein at a higher level, possibly used in combination with drugs that reduce tolerance of animals against a self product, may be more effective in inducing immunity in syngeneic animals. At present it appears however that the presence of an amino acid substitution in the transmembrane domain of the pl85 protein is not sufficient to
overcome a tolerance which the rat immune system shows towards this protein.
We describe the construction of a vaccinia virus recombinant expressing the extracellular domain of the rat neu oncogene and its use in tumor immunotherapy. Our data indicate that the recom¬ binant vaccinia virus-induced immunity results in the full protection of mice from subsequent tumor challenge with cells that express the rat neu- oncogene. The fact that the subtle differences between rat and mouse neu proteins were sufficient to induce a potent immune response against the rat protein in immunized mice suggests that recombinant pox viruses will be powerful tools for the induction of immunity against tumor cells whose antigenicity in many cases does not differ greatly from the cells from which the tumor arose.
The immunological effector mechanisms that are involved in inducing anti-tumor immunity have not been studied extensively. Our data indicate that the vaccinia virus recombinant can induce signifi¬ cant antibody titers against the rat neu oncogene protein in vaccinated mice. In the present study complete protection against tumor challenge with neu-transformed cells was observed, suggesting that immune mechanisms other than humoral immunity were induced by the vaccinia virus recombinant. In support of this view in the finding of others who have shown that vaccinia virus vectors can effec- tively induce T-cell mediated immune responses
in immunized animals. Earl, P.L. , et al. (1986) Science 234, 728-731. However, inhibition of tumorigenicity in these experiments was only par¬ tial, indicating that antibody treatment alone is not sufficient to cause complete regression of the tumor induced by the neu-transformed cells. In the present study complete protection against tumor challenge with neu-transformed cells was observed, suggesting that immune mechanisms other than humoral immunity was induced by the vaccinia virus recom¬ binant. In support of this view is the finding of others who have shown that vaccinia virus vectors can effectively induce T-cell mediated immune responses in immunized animals. Our data demonstrate that immunization with a single, well-defined antigen can confer protection against tumor cells bearing this antigen. This is to be contrasted with other experimental models in which animals are immunized with tumor cells or tumor cell extracts in which a complex mixture of antigens may act to provoke immunity.
Equivalents
Those skilled in the art will recognize, or be able to ascertain using no more than routine ex- perimentation, many equivalents to the specific embodiments of the invention described herein. Such equivalents are intended to be encompassed by the following claims.
Claims
1.' A recombinant pox virus capable of expressing in a host a cell-encoded, tumor-associated ■ antigen.
2. A recombinant pox virus of Claim 1, which is of the species vaccinia.
3. A recombinant pox virus of Claim 1, wherein the tumor associated antigen is encoded by a human oncogene or proto-oncogene.
4. A recombinant pox virus of Claim 1, wherein the tumor associated antigen is encoded by a human oncogene -and' is rendered inactive with respect to its oncogenic activity.
5. A recombinant pox virus of Claim 1, wherein the tumor antigen is encoded by the neu gene, the ros gene, the trk gene, the. kit gene or portion thereof.
6. A recombinant pox virus of Claim 1, wherein the cell-encoded tumor associated antigen is a growth factor receptor or growth factor receptor¬ like cell surface molecule.
7. A recombinant pox virus of Claim 6, wherein the receptor or receptor-like cell surface molecule is encoded by the c-erbB gene.
8. A recombinant vaccinia virus containing, in a region of the viral genome nonessential for replication of the virus, one or more foreign DNA sequences which encode a cell encoded, human tumor-associated antigen, the sequence or sequences being under control of a vaccinia promoter.
9. A recombinant vaccinia virus of Claim 8, wherein the tumor-associated antigen is encoded by a human oncogene.
10. A recombinant vaccinia virus of Claim 8, wherein the oncogene is neu, ros, trk or kit gene or a portion thereof.
11. A recombinant vaccinia virus of Claim 9, wherein the oncogene is devoid of oncogenic activity.
12. A recombinant vaccinia virus of Claim 8, wherein the tumor associated antigen is a growth factor receptor or growth factor receptor¬ like surface molecule.
13. A recombinant vaccinia virus of Claim 12, wherein the tumor associated antigen is encoded by the c-erbB gene.
14. The recombinant vaccinia virus ABT9-4.
15. A method of immunizing against a cell-encoded tumor associated antigen comprising the steps, of inoculating an individual afflicted with a tumor which expresses the antigen with a recombinant pox virus capable of expressing the cell-encoded tumor associated antigen.
16. A recombinant pox virus of Claim 15, which is of the species vaccinia.
17. A recombinant pox virus of Claim 15, wherein the tumor-associated antigen is encoded by a human oncogene or proto-oncogene.
18. A recombinant pox virus of Claim 15, wherein the tumor associated antigen is encoded by a human oncogene and is rendered inactive with respect to its oncogenic activity.
19. A recombinant pox virus of Claiml 5, wherein the tumor antigen is encoded by the neu, ros, trk or kit gene or portion thereof.
20. A recombinant pox virus of Claim 15, wherein the cell-encoded tumor associated antigen is a growth factor- receptor or growth factor receptor¬ like cell surface molecule.
21. A recombinant pox virus of Claim 15, wherein the receptor or receptor-like cell surface molecule is encoded by the c-erbB gene.
22. A method of immunizing an individual against a cell-encoded tumor-associated antigen, co - prising inoculating the individual afflicted with a tumor bearing the antigen with a recom¬ binant vaccinia virus capable of expressing the tumor-associated antigen.
23. A method of producing a cell-encoded tumor- associated antigen, comprising the steps of: a. infecting cells with a recombinant pox virus capable of expressing a cell-encoded tumor associated antigen; b. culturing the cells under conditions which allow the virus to replicate and to express the antigen; and c. isolating the antigen from the cells.
24. A method of producing antibody against a cell-encoded tumor associated antigens, com- prising the steps of: a. inoculating an animal with a recombinant pox virus capable of expressing the tumor associated antigen; and b. isolating serum containing antibody raised against the antigen.
25. A method of producing monoclonal antibody against a cell-encoded tumor-associated anti¬ gen, comprising the steps of: a. immunizing an animal with a recombinant pox virus capable of expressing the tumor-associated antigen; b. Obtaining antibody-producing cells from the animal; - c. fusing the cells with an immortalizing cell to produce fused cell hybrids; d. selecting fused cell hybrids which produce antibody against the antigen; and e. growing the selected fused cell hybrids and obtaining antibody secreted by the hybrids.
26. A method of tumor therapy, comprising passively immunizing an individual afflicted with a tumor by administering antibody against an antigen encoded by the tumor, the antibody being produced by the method of Claim 25.
27. A vector for recombination with a pox virus and for incorporation of a DNA sequence encoding a cellular tumor-associated antigen, comprising a. a prokaryotic origin replication; b . a pox viral promoter; c. a DNA sequence for a cell-encoded, tumor- associated antigen under the direction of the pox viral promoter; and d. DNA sequences homologous to a region of the pox virus genome where the DNA se¬ quence encoding the tumor-associated antigen is to be inserted, the DNA se¬ quences flanking the promoter and DNA sequence for the cell-encoded, tumor- associated antigen at both the 5' and 31 ends.
28. A plasmid vector of Claim 27.
29. A vector of Claim 28, wherein the pox viral promoter is a vaccinia promoter and the flanking DNA sequences are homologous to a region of the vaccinia viral genome which is nonessential for replication of the virus.
30. A vector of Claim 29, wherein the DNA sequences for the cell-encoded, tumor-associated antigen are selected from the group consisting of the neu gene, the ros gene, the trk gene, the kit gene, the c-erbB gene, and portions thereof.
31. The plasmid pEVAC-neu.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US9203687A | 1987-09-02 | 1987-09-02 | |
US092,036 | 1987-09-02 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1989001973A2 true WO1989001973A2 (en) | 1989-03-09 |
WO1989001973A3 WO1989001973A3 (en) | 1989-03-23 |
Family
ID=22231039
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US1988/003032 WO1989001973A2 (en) | 1987-09-02 | 1988-09-01 | Recombinant pox virus for immunization against tumor-associated antigens |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
CA (1) | CA1341435C (en) |
WO (1) | WO1989001973A2 (en) |
Cited By (136)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1991005264A1 (en) * | 1989-09-29 | 1991-04-18 | Oncogenetics Partners | Detection and quantification of neu related proteins in the biological fluids of humans |
EP0455460A2 (en) * | 1990-05-01 | 1991-11-06 | E.R. SQUIBB & SONS, INC. | Tyrosine kinase negative TRKB |
WO1992021766A1 (en) * | 1991-05-25 | 1992-12-10 | Boehringer Mannheim Gmbh | Monoclonal antibodies against c-kit |
WO1993010814A1 (en) * | 1991-11-29 | 1993-06-10 | Viagene, Inc. | Anti-cancer immunotherapeutic vector constructs |
EP0680331A1 (en) * | 1993-01-21 | 1995-11-08 | Virogenetics Corporation | Recombinant virus immunotherapy |
US5545533A (en) * | 1991-05-25 | 1996-08-13 | Boehringer Mannheim Gmbh | Monoclonal antibodies against c-kit and method of detecting a malignancy using c-kit specific antibodies |
US5698530A (en) * | 1991-05-06 | 1997-12-16 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Department Of Health And Human Services | Recombinant virus expressing human carcinoembryonic antigen and methods of use thereof |
US5759552A (en) * | 1991-03-07 | 1998-06-02 | Virogenetics Corporation | Marek's disease virus recombinant poxvirus vaccine |
US5837510A (en) * | 1989-01-23 | 1998-11-17 | Goldsmith; Mark A. | Methods and polynucleotide constructs for treating host cells for infection or hyperproliferative disorders |
US5849586A (en) * | 1989-10-24 | 1998-12-15 | Chiron Corporation | Infective protein delivery system |
US5888814A (en) * | 1994-06-06 | 1999-03-30 | Chiron Corporation | Recombinant host cells encoding TNF proteins |
JPH11509199A (en) * | 1995-07-10 | 1999-08-17 | セリオン バイオロジクス コーポレイション | Generation of an immune response to prostate specific antigen (PSA) |
US5997859A (en) * | 1988-03-21 | 1999-12-07 | Chiron Corporation | Method for treating a metastatic carcinoma using a conditionally lethal gene |
US6015567A (en) * | 1989-05-19 | 2000-01-18 | Genentech, Inc. | HER2 extracellular domain |
WO2000008051A2 (en) | 1998-08-07 | 2000-02-17 | University Of Washington | Immunological herpes simplex virus antigens and methods for use thereof |
WO2000029428A2 (en) * | 1998-11-18 | 2000-05-25 | Oxford Biomedica (Uk) Limited | 5t4 tumour-associated antigen for use in tumour immunotherapy |
WO2000060076A2 (en) | 1999-04-02 | 2000-10-12 | Corixa Corporation | Compositions for the treatment and diagnosis of breast cancer and methods for their use |
WO2001098460A2 (en) | 2000-06-20 | 2001-12-27 | Corixa Corporation | Fusion proteins of mycobacterium tuberculosis |
GB2370573A (en) * | 1998-11-18 | 2002-07-03 | Oxford Biomedica Ltd | Poxviral vectors |
US6531307B1 (en) | 1992-10-22 | 2003-03-11 | Chiron Corporation | Adenoviral vectors encoding a cytokine and a conditionally lethal gene |
US6544523B1 (en) | 1996-11-13 | 2003-04-08 | Chiron Corporation | Mutant forms of Fas ligand and uses thereof |
US6569679B1 (en) | 1988-03-21 | 2003-05-27 | Chiron Corporation | Producer cell that generates adenoviral vectors encoding a cytokine and a conditionally lethal gene |
WO2003053220A2 (en) | 2001-12-17 | 2003-07-03 | Corixa Corporation | Compositions and methods for the therapy and diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease |
WO2004062599A2 (en) | 2003-01-06 | 2004-07-29 | Corixa Corporation | Certain aminoalkyl glucosaminide phosphate compounds and their use |
WO2005017148A1 (en) | 2003-07-26 | 2005-02-24 | Trubion Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Binding constructs and methods for use thereof |
US6864235B1 (en) | 1999-04-01 | 2005-03-08 | Eva A. Turley | Compositions and methods for treating cellular response to injury and other proliferating cell disorders regulated by hyaladherin and hyaluronans |
US6911429B2 (en) | 1999-04-01 | 2005-06-28 | Transition Therapeutics Inc. | Compositions and methods for treating cellular response to injury and other proliferating cell disorders regulated by hyaladherin and hyaluronans |
US6916918B2 (en) | 1997-08-04 | 2005-07-12 | Cell Genesys, Inc. | Human glandular kallikrein enhancer, vectors comprising the enhancer and methods of use thereof |
WO2005093064A1 (en) | 2004-03-29 | 2005-10-06 | Galpharma Co., Ltd. | Novel galectin 9 modification protein and use thereof |
JP2006500903A (en) * | 2002-02-13 | 2006-01-12 | オックスフォード バイオメディカ(ユーケイ)リミテッド | MHC class I peptide epitope derived from human 5T4 tumor-associated antigen |
WO2006020684A2 (en) | 2004-08-10 | 2006-02-23 | Institute For Multiple Myeloma And Bone Cancer Research | Methods of regulating differentiation and treating of multiple myeloma |
EP1650221A2 (en) | 2000-02-23 | 2006-04-26 | GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals SA | Novel compounds |
US7105331B2 (en) | 1996-07-03 | 2006-09-12 | Genetics Institute, Llc | ICE/CED-3 like protease designated FMH-1 |
EP1701165A1 (en) | 2005-03-07 | 2006-09-13 | Johannes Dr. Coy | Therapeutic and diagnostic uses of TKTL1 and inhibitors and activators thereof |
WO2006117240A2 (en) | 2005-04-29 | 2006-11-09 | Glaxosmithkline Biologicals S.A. | Novel method for preventing or treating m tuberculosis infection |
US7282345B1 (en) | 1989-08-04 | 2007-10-16 | Schering Ag | C-erbB-2 external domain: GP75 |
WO2007117657A2 (en) | 2006-04-07 | 2007-10-18 | The Research Foundation Of State University Of New York | Transcobalamin receptor polypeptides, nucleic acids, and modulators thereof, and related methods of use in modulating cell growth and treating cancer and cobalamin deficiency |
WO2008020335A2 (en) | 2006-06-09 | 2008-02-21 | Novartis Ag | Immunogenic compositions for streptococcus agalactiae |
EP1935979A2 (en) | 1999-07-14 | 2008-06-25 | Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics S.r.l. | Antigenic meningococcal peptides |
EP1950297A2 (en) | 2000-05-31 | 2008-07-30 | Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics, Inc. | Compositions and methods for treating neoplastic disease using chemotherapy and radiation sensitizers |
EP1953229A2 (en) | 1998-10-15 | 2008-08-06 | Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics, Inc. | Metastatic breast and colon cancer regulated genes |
EP1961813A2 (en) | 1998-12-16 | 2008-08-27 | Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics, Inc. | Human cyclin-dependent kinase (hPNQALRE) |
EP1961819A2 (en) | 2000-06-28 | 2008-08-27 | Corixa Corporation | Composition and methods for the therapy and diagnosis of lung cancer |
EP1975231A1 (en) | 2002-01-22 | 2008-10-01 | Corixa Corporation | Compositions and methods for the detection, diagnosis and therapy of hematological malignancies |
EP1988097A1 (en) | 2001-05-09 | 2008-11-05 | Corixa Corporation | Compositions and methods for the therapy and diagnosis of prostate cancer |
EP1992640A1 (en) | 1997-12-24 | 2008-11-19 | Corixa Corporation | Compounds for immunotherapy and diagnosis of breast cancer and methods for their use |
EP1997900A2 (en) | 1996-04-05 | 2008-12-03 | Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics, Inc. | Recombinant alphavirus-based vectors with reduced inhibition of cellular macromolecular synthesis |
US7462698B2 (en) | 2005-07-22 | 2008-12-09 | Y's Therapeutics Co., Ltd. | Anti-CD26 antibodies and methods of use thereof |
EP2000144A1 (en) | 2000-05-19 | 2008-12-10 | Corixa Corporation | Prophylactic and therapeutic treatment of infectious, autoimmune and allergic diseases with mono-and disaccharide-based compounds |
EP2003201A2 (en) | 1998-03-18 | 2008-12-17 | Corixa Corporation | Compounds and methods for therapy and diagnosis of lung cancer |
EP2011510A2 (en) | 2002-07-18 | 2009-01-07 | University of Washington | Pharmaceutical compositions comprising immunologically active herpes simplex virus (HSV) protein fragments |
WO2009006479A2 (en) | 2007-07-02 | 2009-01-08 | Etubics Corporation | Methods and compositions for producing an adenovirus vector for use with multiple vaccinations |
EP2022800A2 (en) | 2000-07-17 | 2009-02-11 | Corixa Corporation | Compositions for the therapy and diagnosis of ovarian cancer |
EP2028190A1 (en) | 1999-04-02 | 2009-02-25 | Corixa Corporation | Compounds and methods for therapy and diagnosis of lung cancer |
US7527793B2 (en) | 2002-05-03 | 2009-05-05 | Rush University Medical Center | Immunogenic peptides |
EP2105502A1 (en) | 2000-12-12 | 2009-09-30 | Corixa Corporation | Compositions and methods for the therapy and diagnosis of lung cancer |
EP2143731A1 (en) | 1997-02-25 | 2010-01-13 | Corixa Corporation | Compounds for immunotherapy of prostate cancer and methods for their use |
US7666669B2 (en) | 1998-11-18 | 2010-02-23 | Oxford Biomedica (Uk) Limited | Polypeptide |
US7691821B2 (en) | 2001-09-19 | 2010-04-06 | University Of South Florida | Inhibition of SHIP to enhance stem cell harvest and transplantation |
EP2172476A2 (en) | 2001-10-30 | 2010-04-07 | Corixa Corporation | Compositions and methods for WT1 specific immunotherapy |
US7713945B2 (en) | 2000-09-19 | 2010-05-11 | University Of South Florida | Control of NK cell function and survival by modulation of SHIP activity |
EP2192128A2 (en) | 2000-04-21 | 2010-06-02 | Corixa Corporation | Compounds and methods for treatment and diagnosis of chlamydial infection |
EP2199801A2 (en) | 2004-07-14 | 2010-06-23 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Biomarkers for early detection of ovarian cancer |
US7763592B1 (en) | 2003-11-20 | 2010-07-27 | University Of South Florida | SHIP-deficiency to increase megakaryocyte progenitor production |
EP2210945A2 (en) | 1998-01-14 | 2010-07-28 | Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics S.r.l. | Neisseria meningitidis antigens |
EP2218733A1 (en) | 1998-12-08 | 2010-08-18 | Corixa Corporation | Compounds and methods for treatment and diagnosis of chlamydial infection |
US7807646B1 (en) | 2003-11-20 | 2010-10-05 | University Of South Florida | SHIP-deficiency to increase megakaryocyte progenitor production |
US7812116B2 (en) | 2003-07-03 | 2010-10-12 | Rush University Medical Center | Immunogenic peptides |
EP2251424A1 (en) | 1999-05-19 | 2010-11-17 | Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics S.r.l. | Antigenic neisserial peptides |
WO2010141861A1 (en) | 2009-06-05 | 2010-12-09 | Infectious Disease Research Institute | Synthetic glucopyranosyl lipid adjuvants |
EP2261344A2 (en) | 1998-05-01 | 2010-12-15 | Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics, Inc. | Neisseria meningitidis antigens and compositions |
EP2267005A1 (en) | 2003-04-09 | 2010-12-29 | Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics S.r.l. | ADP-ribosylating toxin from Listeria monocytogenes |
EP2270177A1 (en) | 2001-03-27 | 2011-01-05 | Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics S.r.l. | Streptococcus pneumoniae proteins and nucleic acids |
EP2275129A2 (en) | 2000-01-17 | 2011-01-19 | Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics S.r.l. | Outer membrane vesicle (OMV) vaccine comprising N. meningitidis serogroup B outer membrane proteins |
EP2275551A2 (en) | 1999-10-29 | 2011-01-19 | Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics S.r.l. | Neisserial antigenic peptides |
EP2277896A1 (en) | 2000-10-27 | 2011-01-26 | Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics S.r.l. | Nucleic acids and proteins from streptococcus groups A & B |
EP2278007A1 (en) | 1999-04-30 | 2011-01-26 | Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics S.r.l. | Conserved neisserial antigens |
EP2278006A2 (en) | 1997-11-06 | 2011-01-26 | Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics S.r.l. | Neisserial antigens |
EP2279746A2 (en) | 2002-11-15 | 2011-02-02 | Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics S.r.l. | Surface proteins in neisseria meningitidis |
EP2298796A2 (en) | 2001-03-27 | 2011-03-23 | Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics S.r.l. | Staphylococcus aureus proteins and nucleic acids |
EP2298900A1 (en) | 1996-09-17 | 2011-03-23 | Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics, Inc. | Compositions and methods for treating intracellular diseases |
EP2298340A1 (en) | 2004-09-22 | 2011-03-23 | GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals S.A. | Immunogenic composition for use in vaccination against staphylococcei |
EP2316951A1 (en) | 2001-01-17 | 2011-05-04 | Trubion Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Binding domain-immunoglobulin fusion proteins |
EP2335723A1 (en) | 2001-12-12 | 2011-06-22 | Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics S.r.l. | Immunisation against chlamydia trachomatis |
WO2011092253A1 (en) | 2010-01-27 | 2011-08-04 | Glaxosmithkline Biologicals S.A. | Modified tuberculosis antigens |
EP2357000A1 (en) | 2005-10-18 | 2011-08-17 | Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics, Inc. | Mucosal and systemic immunizations with alphavirus replicon particles |
EP2386630A1 (en) | 1997-10-14 | 2011-11-16 | Darwin Molecular Corporation | Thymidine kinase mutants and fusion proteins having thymidine kinase and guanylate kinase activities |
EP2386314A1 (en) | 2005-03-31 | 2011-11-16 | GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals SA | Vaccines against chlamydial infection |
EP2418223A2 (en) | 2006-06-12 | 2012-02-15 | Emergent Product Development Seattle, LLC | Single-chain multivalent binding proteins with effector function |
EP2441846A2 (en) | 2006-01-09 | 2012-04-18 | The Regents Of the University of California | Immunostimulatory combinations of TNFRSF, TLR, NLR, RHR, purinergic receptor, and cytokine receptor agoinsts for vaccines and tumor immunotherapy |
US8273361B2 (en) | 2006-09-26 | 2012-09-25 | Infectious Disease Research Institute | Vaccine composition containing synthetic adjuvant |
WO2012177595A1 (en) | 2011-06-21 | 2012-12-27 | Oncofactor Corporation | Compositions and methods for the therapy and diagnosis of cancer |
WO2013033260A1 (en) | 2011-08-29 | 2013-03-07 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Use of hdl-related molecules to treat and prevent proinflammatory conditions |
WO2013119856A1 (en) | 2012-02-07 | 2013-08-15 | Infectious Disease Research Institute | Improved adjuvant formulations comprising tlr4 agonists and methods of using the same |
WO2013164754A2 (en) | 2012-05-04 | 2013-11-07 | Pfizer Inc. | Prostate-associated antigens and vaccine-based immunotherapy regimens |
US8673859B2 (en) | 2007-03-20 | 2014-03-18 | New York University | GM-CSF cosmeceutical compositions and methods of use thereof |
WO2014144521A1 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2014-09-18 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Mitochondrial-derived peptide mots3 regulates metabolism and cell survival |
WO2014144844A1 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2014-09-18 | The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University | tRNA DERIVED SMALL RNAs (tsRNAs) INVOLVED IN CELL VIABILITY |
US8853366B2 (en) | 2001-01-17 | 2014-10-07 | Emergent Product Development Seattle, Llc | Binding domain-immunoglobulin fusion proteins |
WO2014172661A1 (en) | 2013-04-19 | 2014-10-23 | The Regent Of The University Of California | Lone star virus |
EP2808384A2 (en) | 2004-10-08 | 2014-12-03 | The Government of the United States of America as represented by the Secretary of the Department of Health and Human Services | Modulation of replicative fitness by using less frequently used synonymous codons |
US8957047B2 (en) | 2013-04-18 | 2015-02-17 | Immune Design Corp. | GLA monotherapy for use in cancer treatment |
US9044420B2 (en) | 2011-04-08 | 2015-06-02 | Immune Design Corp. | Immunogenic compositions and methods of using the compositions for inducing humoral and cellular immune responses |
US9101609B2 (en) | 2008-04-11 | 2015-08-11 | Emergent Product Development Seattle, Llc | CD37 immunotherapeutic and combination with bifunctional chemotherapeutic thereof |
EP2940027A1 (en) | 2004-07-08 | 2015-11-04 | Corixa Corporation | Certain aminoalkyl glucosaminide phosphate compounds and their use |
WO2015195812A1 (en) | 2014-06-17 | 2015-12-23 | The Research Foundation For The State University Of New York | Ship inhibition to induce activation of natural killer cells |
US9267112B2 (en) | 2011-05-10 | 2016-02-23 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Adenovirus isolated from Titi Monkeys |
EP3023502A1 (en) | 2008-04-10 | 2016-05-25 | Cell Signaling Technology, Inc. | Compositions and methods for detecting egfr mutations in cancer |
WO2016154010A1 (en) | 2015-03-20 | 2016-09-29 | Makidon Paul | Immunogenic compositions for use in vaccination against bordetella |
US9463198B2 (en) | 2013-06-04 | 2016-10-11 | Infectious Disease Research Institute | Compositions and methods for reducing or preventing metastasis |
US9605276B2 (en) | 2012-08-24 | 2017-03-28 | Etubics Corporation | Replication defective adenovirus vector in vaccination |
WO2017062246A1 (en) | 2015-10-05 | 2017-04-13 | The United States Of America, As Represented By The Secretary, Department Of Health & Human Services | Human rota virus g9p[6] strain and use as a vaccine |
WO2017125844A1 (en) | 2016-01-19 | 2017-07-27 | Pfizer Inc. | Cancer vaccines |
US9777340B2 (en) | 2014-06-27 | 2017-10-03 | Abbott Laboratories | Compositions and methods for detecting human Pegivirus 2 (HPgV-2) |
WO2017200852A1 (en) | 2016-05-16 | 2017-11-23 | Infectious Disease Research Institute | Formulation containing tlr agonist and methods of use |
EP3251680A1 (en) | 2008-05-22 | 2017-12-06 | Infectious Disease Research Institute | Vaccine composition containing synthetic adjuvant |
WO2017210364A1 (en) | 2016-06-01 | 2017-12-07 | Infectious Disease Research Institute | Nanoalum particles containing a sizing agent |
US9895435B2 (en) | 2012-05-16 | 2018-02-20 | Immune Design Corp. | Vaccines for HSV-2 |
US10143748B2 (en) | 2005-07-25 | 2018-12-04 | Aptevo Research And Development Llc | B-cell reduction using CD37-specific and CD20-specific binding molecules |
WO2019012371A1 (en) | 2017-07-11 | 2019-01-17 | Pfizer Inc. | Immunogenic compositions comprising cea muc1 and tert |
US10221218B2 (en) | 2011-05-10 | 2019-03-05 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Adenovirus isolated from titi monkeys |
US10231993B2 (en) | 2013-06-27 | 2019-03-19 | University Of Washington Through Its Center For Commercialization | Biocompatible polymeric system for targeted treatment of thrombotic and hemostatic disorders |
US10420829B2 (en) | 2006-01-16 | 2019-09-24 | The United States Of America, As Represented By The Secretary, Department Of Health & Human Services | Chlamydia vaccine |
WO2020014974A1 (en) | 2018-07-20 | 2020-01-23 | Eucure (Beijing) Biopharma Co., Ltd | Anti-cd40 antibodies and uses thereof |
EP3695841A2 (en) | 2013-07-01 | 2020-08-19 | The Research Foundation for the State University of New York | Ship inhibition to combat obesity |
EP3699200A1 (en) | 2013-07-15 | 2020-08-26 | Cell Signaling Technology, Inc. | Anti-mucin 1 binding agents and uses thereof |
WO2020237164A1 (en) | 2019-05-23 | 2020-11-26 | The University Of Montana | Vaccine adjuvants based on tlr receptor ligands |
US10934365B2 (en) | 2017-11-24 | 2021-03-02 | Eucure (Beijing) Biopharma Co., Ltd | Anti-OX40 antibodies and uses thereof |
US11155625B2 (en) | 2018-02-23 | 2021-10-26 | Eucure (Beijing) Biopharma Co., Ltd | Anti-PD-1 antibodies and uses thereof |
US11292849B2 (en) | 2018-09-12 | 2022-04-05 | Eucure (Beijing) Biopharma Co., Ltd. | Anti-TNFRSF9 antibodies and uses thereof |
US11352426B2 (en) | 2015-09-21 | 2022-06-07 | Aptevo Research And Development Llc | CD3 binding polypeptides |
US11352429B2 (en) | 2018-11-19 | 2022-06-07 | Biocytogen Pharmaceuticals (Beijing) Co., Ltd. | Anti-PD-1 antibodies and uses thereof |
US11440972B2 (en) | 2017-08-01 | 2022-09-13 | Ab Studio Inc. | Bispecific antibodies and uses thereof |
US11572381B2 (en) | 2018-03-02 | 2023-02-07 | The University Of Montana | Immunogenic trehalose compounds and uses thereof |
US11912736B2 (en) | 2018-02-21 | 2024-02-27 | The University Of Montana | Diaryl trehalose compounds and uses thereof |
US11964014B2 (en) | 2023-08-08 | 2024-04-23 | The University Of Montana | Vaccine adjuvants based on TLR receptor ligands |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2188637A (en) * | 1986-02-07 | 1987-10-07 | Oncogen | Vaccines against melanoma |
-
1988
- 1988-09-01 WO PCT/US1988/003032 patent/WO1989001973A2/en unknown
- 1988-09-02 CA CA000577071A patent/CA1341435C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2188637A (en) * | 1986-02-07 | 1987-10-07 | Oncogen | Vaccines against melanoma |
Non-Patent Citations (8)
Title |
---|
J. Gen. Virol. vol. 67, no. 10 (GB) M. Mackett et al.: "Review Article - Vaccinia virus expression vectors" pages 2067-2082 * |
Nature, vol. 319, 16 January 1986, C.I. Bargmann et al.: "The neu oncogene encodes an epidermal growth factor receptor-related protein" pages 226-230 * |
Nature, vol. 319, 16 January 1986, T. Yamamoto et al.: "Similarity of protein encoded by the human c-erb-B-2 gene to epidermal growth factor receptor" pages 230-234 * |
Nature, vol. 319, 27 Februay 1986, D. Martin-Zanca et al.: "A human oncogene formed by the fusion of truncated tropomyosin and protein tyrosine kinase sequences" pages 743-748 * |
Nature, vol. 326, 30 April 1987, R. Lathe et al.: "Tumour prevention and rejection with recombinant vaccinia" pages 878-880 * |
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci, USA, vol. 83, September 1986 (US) L. Nagarajan et al.: "The human c-ros gene (ROS) is located at chromosome region 6q16-6q22" pages 6568-6572 * |
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci, USA, vol. 84, October 1987 (US) R. Bernards et al.: "Effective tumor immunotherapy directed against an oncogene-encoded product using a vaccinia virus vector" pages 6854-6858 * |
The EMBO Journal, vol. 6, no. 11, (GB) Y. Yarden et al.: "Human proto-oncogene c-kit: a new cell surface receptor tyrosine kinase for an unidentified ligand" pages 3341-3351 * |
Cited By (267)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6241982B1 (en) | 1988-03-21 | 2001-06-05 | Chiron Corporation | Method for treating brain cancer with a conditionally lethal gene |
US5997859A (en) * | 1988-03-21 | 1999-12-07 | Chiron Corporation | Method for treating a metastatic carcinoma using a conditionally lethal gene |
US6569679B1 (en) | 1988-03-21 | 2003-05-27 | Chiron Corporation | Producer cell that generates adenoviral vectors encoding a cytokine and a conditionally lethal gene |
US5861290A (en) * | 1989-01-23 | 1999-01-19 | Goldsmith; Mark A. | Methods and polynucleotide constructs for treating host cells for infection or hyperproliferative disorders |
US5837510A (en) * | 1989-01-23 | 1998-11-17 | Goldsmith; Mark A. | Methods and polynucleotide constructs for treating host cells for infection or hyperproliferative disorders |
US6015567A (en) * | 1989-05-19 | 2000-01-18 | Genentech, Inc. | HER2 extracellular domain |
US6333169B1 (en) | 1989-05-19 | 2001-12-25 | Genentech Inc | HER2 extracellular domain |
US7282345B1 (en) | 1989-08-04 | 2007-10-16 | Schering Ag | C-erbB-2 external domain: GP75 |
WO1991005264A1 (en) * | 1989-09-29 | 1991-04-18 | Oncogenetics Partners | Detection and quantification of neu related proteins in the biological fluids of humans |
US5863797A (en) * | 1989-10-24 | 1999-01-26 | Chiron Corporation | Gene fusion encoding a hypersecretor protein |
US6071512A (en) * | 1989-10-24 | 2000-06-06 | Chiron Corporation | Infective protein delivery system |
US5874077A (en) * | 1989-10-24 | 1999-02-23 | Chiron Corporation | Human til cells expressing recombinant TNF prohormone |
US5849586A (en) * | 1989-10-24 | 1998-12-15 | Chiron Corporation | Infective protein delivery system |
EP0455460A3 (en) * | 1990-05-01 | 1992-04-22 | E.R. Squibb & Sons, Inc. | Tyrosine kinase negative trkb |
EP0455460A2 (en) * | 1990-05-01 | 1991-11-06 | E.R. SQUIBB & SONS, INC. | Tyrosine kinase negative TRKB |
US5759552A (en) * | 1991-03-07 | 1998-06-02 | Virogenetics Corporation | Marek's disease virus recombinant poxvirus vaccine |
US5698530A (en) * | 1991-05-06 | 1997-12-16 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Department Of Health And Human Services | Recombinant virus expressing human carcinoembryonic antigen and methods of use thereof |
US5545533A (en) * | 1991-05-25 | 1996-08-13 | Boehringer Mannheim Gmbh | Monoclonal antibodies against c-kit and method of detecting a malignancy using c-kit specific antibodies |
WO1992021766A1 (en) * | 1991-05-25 | 1992-12-10 | Boehringer Mannheim Gmbh | Monoclonal antibodies against c-kit |
WO1993010814A1 (en) * | 1991-11-29 | 1993-06-10 | Viagene, Inc. | Anti-cancer immunotherapeutic vector constructs |
US5693522A (en) * | 1991-11-29 | 1997-12-02 | Chiron Viagene, Inc. | Anti-cancer immunotherapeutics |
US6531307B1 (en) | 1992-10-22 | 2003-03-11 | Chiron Corporation | Adenoviral vectors encoding a cytokine and a conditionally lethal gene |
EP0680331A1 (en) * | 1993-01-21 | 1995-11-08 | Virogenetics Corporation | Recombinant virus immunotherapy |
EP0680331A4 (en) * | 1993-01-21 | 1997-12-03 | Virogenetics Corp | Recombinant virus immunotherapy. |
US5888814A (en) * | 1994-06-06 | 1999-03-30 | Chiron Corporation | Recombinant host cells encoding TNF proteins |
JP2006197938A (en) * | 1995-07-10 | 2006-08-03 | Therion Biologics Corp | Generation of immune responses to prostate-specific antigen (psa) |
JPH11509199A (en) * | 1995-07-10 | 1999-08-17 | セリオン バイオロジクス コーポレイション | Generation of an immune response to prostate specific antigen (PSA) |
EP1997900A2 (en) | 1996-04-05 | 2008-12-03 | Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics, Inc. | Recombinant alphavirus-based vectors with reduced inhibition of cellular macromolecular synthesis |
US7105331B2 (en) | 1996-07-03 | 2006-09-12 | Genetics Institute, Llc | ICE/CED-3 like protease designated FMH-1 |
EP2298900A1 (en) | 1996-09-17 | 2011-03-23 | Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics, Inc. | Compositions and methods for treating intracellular diseases |
US6544523B1 (en) | 1996-11-13 | 2003-04-08 | Chiron Corporation | Mutant forms of Fas ligand and uses thereof |
EP2039768A1 (en) | 1996-11-13 | 2009-03-25 | Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics, Inc. | Mutant forms of Fas ligand and uses thereof |
EP2143731A1 (en) | 1997-02-25 | 2010-01-13 | Corixa Corporation | Compounds for immunotherapy of prostate cancer and methods for their use |
EP2298877A1 (en) | 1997-02-25 | 2011-03-23 | Corixa Corporation | Compounds for immunotherapy of prostate cancer and methods for their use |
US6916918B2 (en) | 1997-08-04 | 2005-07-12 | Cell Genesys, Inc. | Human glandular kallikrein enhancer, vectors comprising the enhancer and methods of use thereof |
EP2386630A1 (en) | 1997-10-14 | 2011-11-16 | Darwin Molecular Corporation | Thymidine kinase mutants and fusion proteins having thymidine kinase and guanylate kinase activities |
EP2386629A1 (en) | 1997-10-14 | 2011-11-16 | Darwin Molecular Corporation | Thymidine kinase mutants and fusion proteins having thymidine kinase and guanylate kinase activities |
EP2278006A2 (en) | 1997-11-06 | 2011-01-26 | Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics S.r.l. | Neisserial antigens |
EP1992640A1 (en) | 1997-12-24 | 2008-11-19 | Corixa Corporation | Compounds for immunotherapy and diagnosis of breast cancer and methods for their use |
EP2278011A2 (en) | 1998-01-14 | 2011-01-26 | Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics S.r.l. | Neisseria meningitidis antigens |
EP2210945A2 (en) | 1998-01-14 | 2010-07-28 | Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics S.r.l. | Neisseria meningitidis antigens |
EP2003201A2 (en) | 1998-03-18 | 2008-12-17 | Corixa Corporation | Compounds and methods for therapy and diagnosis of lung cancer |
EP2261357A2 (en) | 1998-05-01 | 2010-12-15 | Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics, Inc. | Neisseria meningitidis antigens and compositions |
EP2261356A2 (en) | 1998-05-01 | 2010-12-15 | Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics, Inc. | Neisseria meningitidis antigens and compositions |
EP2261339A2 (en) | 1998-05-01 | 2010-12-15 | Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics, Inc. | Neisseria meningitidis antigens and compositions |
EP2261355A2 (en) | 1998-05-01 | 2010-12-15 | Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics, Inc. | Neisseria meningitidis antigens and compositions |
EP2261352A2 (en) | 1998-05-01 | 2010-12-15 | Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics, Inc. | Neisseria meningitidis antigens and compositions |
EP2261348A2 (en) | 1998-05-01 | 2010-12-15 | Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics, Inc. | Neisseria meningitidis antigens and compositions |
EP2261350A2 (en) | 1998-05-01 | 2010-12-15 | Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics, Inc. | Neisseria meningitidis antigens and compositions |
EP2261345A2 (en) | 1998-05-01 | 2010-12-15 | Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics, Inc. | Neisseria meningitidis antigens and compositions |
EP2261346A2 (en) | 1998-05-01 | 2010-12-15 | Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics, Inc. | Neisseria meningitidis antigens and compositions |
EP2261342A2 (en) | 1998-05-01 | 2010-12-15 | Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics, Inc. | Neisseria meningitidis antigens and compositions |
EP2261347A2 (en) | 1998-05-01 | 2010-12-15 | Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics, Inc. | Neisseria meningitidis antigens and compositions |
EP2261341A2 (en) | 1998-05-01 | 2010-12-15 | Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics, Inc. | Neisseria meningitidis antigens and compositions |
EP2261351A2 (en) | 1998-05-01 | 2010-12-15 | Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics, Inc. | Neisseria meningitidis antigens and compositions |
EP2261343A2 (en) | 1998-05-01 | 2010-12-15 | Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics, Inc. | Neisseria meningitidis antigens and compositions |
EP2261344A2 (en) | 1998-05-01 | 2010-12-15 | Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics, Inc. | Neisseria meningitidis antigens and compositions |
EP2261353A2 (en) | 1998-05-01 | 2010-12-15 | Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics, Inc. | Neisseria meningitidis antigens and compositions |
EP2261349A2 (en) | 1998-05-01 | 2010-12-15 | Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics, Inc. | Neisseria meningitidis antigens and compositions |
EP2261354A2 (en) | 1998-05-01 | 2010-12-15 | Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics, Inc. | Neisseria meningitidis antigens and compositions |
EP2261338A2 (en) | 1998-05-01 | 2010-12-15 | Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics, Inc. | Neisseria meningitidis antigens and compositions |
EP2261340A2 (en) | 1998-05-01 | 2010-12-15 | Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics, Inc. | Neisseria meningitidis antigens and compositions |
WO2000008051A2 (en) | 1998-08-07 | 2000-02-17 | University Of Washington | Immunological herpes simplex virus antigens and methods for use thereof |
EP2272859A2 (en) | 1998-08-07 | 2011-01-12 | University of Washington | Immunological herpes simplex virus antigens and methods for use thereof |
EP1953229A2 (en) | 1998-10-15 | 2008-08-06 | Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics, Inc. | Metastatic breast and colon cancer regulated genes |
GB2347932B (en) * | 1998-11-18 | 2003-05-07 | Oxford Biomedica Ltd | Vectors for the delivery of 5T4 antigen |
WO2000029428A3 (en) * | 1998-11-18 | 2000-11-09 | Oxford Biomedica Ltd | 5t4 tumour-associated antigen for use in tumour immunotherapy |
WO2000029428A2 (en) * | 1998-11-18 | 2000-05-25 | Oxford Biomedica (Uk) Limited | 5t4 tumour-associated antigen for use in tumour immunotherapy |
GB2370573A (en) * | 1998-11-18 | 2002-07-03 | Oxford Biomedica Ltd | Poxviral vectors |
CN1298851C (en) * | 1998-11-18 | 2007-02-07 | 牛津生物医学(英国)有限公司 | Polypeptide |
EP2042598A1 (en) * | 1998-11-18 | 2009-04-01 | Oxford Biomedica (UK) Limited | 5T4 tumour-associated antigen for use in tumour immunotherapy |
EP1160323A1 (en) * | 1998-11-18 | 2001-12-05 | Oxford Biomedica (UK) Limited | 5T4 tumour-associated antigen for use in tumour immunotherapy |
EP1152060A1 (en) | 1998-11-18 | 2001-11-07 | Oxford Biomedica (UK) Limited | 5T4 tumour-associated antigen for use in tumour immunotherapy |
US7666669B2 (en) | 1998-11-18 | 2010-02-23 | Oxford Biomedica (Uk) Limited | Polypeptide |
EP2277892A2 (en) | 1998-12-08 | 2011-01-26 | Corixa Corporation | Compounds and methods for treatment and diagnosis of chlamydial infection |
EP2277893A2 (en) | 1998-12-08 | 2011-01-26 | Corixa Corporation | Compounds and methods for treatment and diagnosis of chlamydial infection |
EP2218733A1 (en) | 1998-12-08 | 2010-08-18 | Corixa Corporation | Compounds and methods for treatment and diagnosis of chlamydial infection |
EP2223935A2 (en) | 1998-12-08 | 2010-09-01 | Corixa Corporation | Compounds and methods for treatment and diagnosis of chlamydial infection |
EP1961813A2 (en) | 1998-12-16 | 2008-08-27 | Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics, Inc. | Human cyclin-dependent kinase (hPNQALRE) |
US6911429B2 (en) | 1999-04-01 | 2005-06-28 | Transition Therapeutics Inc. | Compositions and methods for treating cellular response to injury and other proliferating cell disorders regulated by hyaladherin and hyaluronans |
US6864235B1 (en) | 1999-04-01 | 2005-03-08 | Eva A. Turley | Compositions and methods for treating cellular response to injury and other proliferating cell disorders regulated by hyaladherin and hyaluronans |
WO2000060076A2 (en) | 1999-04-02 | 2000-10-12 | Corixa Corporation | Compositions for the treatment and diagnosis of breast cancer and methods for their use |
EP2028190A1 (en) | 1999-04-02 | 2009-02-25 | Corixa Corporation | Compounds and methods for therapy and diagnosis of lung cancer |
EP2290083A1 (en) | 1999-04-30 | 2011-03-02 | Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics S.r.l. | Conserved neisserial antigens |
EP2278007A1 (en) | 1999-04-30 | 2011-01-26 | Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics S.r.l. | Conserved neisserial antigens |
EP2251424A1 (en) | 1999-05-19 | 2010-11-17 | Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics S.r.l. | Antigenic neisserial peptides |
EP1935979A2 (en) | 1999-07-14 | 2008-06-25 | Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics S.r.l. | Antigenic meningococcal peptides |
EP2275551A2 (en) | 1999-10-29 | 2011-01-19 | Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics S.r.l. | Neisserial antigenic peptides |
EP2275553A2 (en) | 1999-10-29 | 2011-01-19 | Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics S.r.l. | Neisserial antigenic peptides |
EP2975127A1 (en) | 1999-10-29 | 2016-01-20 | GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals SA | Neisserial antigenic peptides |
EP2275552A2 (en) | 1999-10-29 | 2011-01-19 | Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics S.r.l. | Neisserial antigenic peptides |
EP2275554A2 (en) | 1999-10-29 | 2011-01-19 | Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics S.r.l. | Neisserial antigenic peptides |
EP2281571A2 (en) | 2000-01-17 | 2011-02-09 | Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics S.r.l. | Outer membrane vesicle (omv) vaccine comprising n. meningitidids serogroup b outer membrane proteins |
EP2281570A2 (en) | 2000-01-17 | 2011-02-09 | Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics S.r.l. | Outer membrane vesicle (OMV) vaccine comprising n. meningitidis serogroup B outer membrane proteins |
EP2275129A2 (en) | 2000-01-17 | 2011-01-19 | Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics S.r.l. | Outer membrane vesicle (OMV) vaccine comprising N. meningitidis serogroup B outer membrane proteins |
EP2289545A2 (en) | 2000-01-17 | 2011-03-02 | Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics S.r.l. | Supplemented OMV vaccine against meningococcus |
EP1650221A2 (en) | 2000-02-23 | 2006-04-26 | GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals SA | Novel compounds |
EP2192128A2 (en) | 2000-04-21 | 2010-06-02 | Corixa Corporation | Compounds and methods for treatment and diagnosis of chlamydial infection |
EP2000144A1 (en) | 2000-05-19 | 2008-12-10 | Corixa Corporation | Prophylactic and therapeutic treatment of infectious, autoimmune and allergic diseases with mono-and disaccharide-based compounds |
EP1950297A2 (en) | 2000-05-31 | 2008-07-30 | Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics, Inc. | Compositions and methods for treating neoplastic disease using chemotherapy and radiation sensitizers |
EP2133100A1 (en) | 2000-06-20 | 2009-12-16 | Corixa Corporation | MTB32A Antigen of mycobacterium tuberculosis with inactivated active site and fusion proteins thereof |
WO2001098460A2 (en) | 2000-06-20 | 2001-12-27 | Corixa Corporation | Fusion proteins of mycobacterium tuberculosis |
EP1961819A2 (en) | 2000-06-28 | 2008-08-27 | Corixa Corporation | Composition and methods for the therapy and diagnosis of lung cancer |
EP2022800A2 (en) | 2000-07-17 | 2009-02-11 | Corixa Corporation | Compositions for the therapy and diagnosis of ovarian cancer |
US7713945B2 (en) | 2000-09-19 | 2010-05-11 | University Of South Florida | Control of NK cell function and survival by modulation of SHIP activity |
US8163710B2 (en) | 2000-09-19 | 2012-04-24 | University Of South Florida | Reduction of graft-versus-host disease by modulation of SHIP activity |
EP2896629A1 (en) | 2000-10-27 | 2015-07-22 | Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics S.r.l. | Nucleic acids and proteins from streptococcus group A & B |
EP2284183A1 (en) | 2000-10-27 | 2011-02-16 | Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics S.r.l. | Nucleic acids and proteins from streptococcus groups A and B |
EP2277895A1 (en) | 2000-10-27 | 2011-01-26 | Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics S.r.l. | Nucleic acids and proteins from streptococcus groups A & B |
EP2284181A1 (en) | 2000-10-27 | 2011-02-16 | Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics S.r.l. | Nucleic acids and proteins from streptococcus groups A and B |
EP2277896A1 (en) | 2000-10-27 | 2011-01-26 | Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics S.r.l. | Nucleic acids and proteins from streptococcus groups A & B |
EP2277894A1 (en) | 2000-10-27 | 2011-01-26 | Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics S.r.l. | Nucleic acids and proteins from streptococcus groups A & B |
EP2284182A1 (en) | 2000-10-27 | 2011-02-16 | Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics S.r.l. | Nucleic acids and proteins from streptococcus groups A and B |
EP2105502A1 (en) | 2000-12-12 | 2009-09-30 | Corixa Corporation | Compositions and methods for the therapy and diagnosis of lung cancer |
EP2316951A1 (en) | 2001-01-17 | 2011-05-04 | Trubion Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Binding domain-immunoglobulin fusion proteins |
US8853366B2 (en) | 2001-01-17 | 2014-10-07 | Emergent Product Development Seattle, Llc | Binding domain-immunoglobulin fusion proteins |
EP2706116A1 (en) | 2001-01-17 | 2014-03-12 | Emergent Product Development Seattle, LLC | Binding domain-immunoglobulin fusion proteins |
EP2314697A1 (en) | 2001-03-27 | 2011-04-27 | Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics S.r.l. | Streptococcus pneumoniae proteins and nucleic acids |
EP2278008A2 (en) | 2001-03-27 | 2011-01-26 | Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics S.r.l. | Streptococcus pneumoniae proteins and nucleic acids |
EP2298796A2 (en) | 2001-03-27 | 2011-03-23 | Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics S.r.l. | Staphylococcus aureus proteins and nucleic acids |
EP2270176A1 (en) | 2001-03-27 | 2011-01-05 | Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics S.r.l. | Streptococcus pneumoniae proteins and nucleic acids |
EP2270175A1 (en) | 2001-03-27 | 2011-01-05 | Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics S.r.l. | Streptococcus pneumoniae proteins and nucleic acids |
EP2270177A1 (en) | 2001-03-27 | 2011-01-05 | Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics S.r.l. | Streptococcus pneumoniae proteins and nucleic acids |
EP2278010A1 (en) | 2001-03-27 | 2011-01-26 | Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics S.r.l. | Streptococcus pneumoniae proteins and nucleic acids |
EP2278009A1 (en) | 2001-03-27 | 2011-01-26 | Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics S.r.l. | Streptococcus pneumoniae proteins and nucleic acids |
EP1988097A1 (en) | 2001-05-09 | 2008-11-05 | Corixa Corporation | Compositions and methods for the therapy and diagnosis of prostate cancer |
US7691821B2 (en) | 2001-09-19 | 2010-04-06 | University Of South Florida | Inhibition of SHIP to enhance stem cell harvest and transplantation |
EP2172476A2 (en) | 2001-10-30 | 2010-04-07 | Corixa Corporation | Compositions and methods for WT1 specific immunotherapy |
EP2335723A1 (en) | 2001-12-12 | 2011-06-22 | Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics S.r.l. | Immunisation against chlamydia trachomatis |
EP2335724A1 (en) | 2001-12-12 | 2011-06-22 | Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics S.r.l. | Immunisation against chlamydia trachomatis |
WO2003053220A2 (en) | 2001-12-17 | 2003-07-03 | Corixa Corporation | Compositions and methods for the therapy and diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease |
EP2224012A1 (en) | 2001-12-17 | 2010-09-01 | Corixa Corporation | Compositions and methods for the therapy and diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease |
EP1975231A1 (en) | 2002-01-22 | 2008-10-01 | Corixa Corporation | Compositions and methods for the detection, diagnosis and therapy of hematological malignancies |
JP2006500903A (en) * | 2002-02-13 | 2006-01-12 | オックスフォード バイオメディカ(ユーケイ)リミテッド | MHC class I peptide epitope derived from human 5T4 tumor-associated antigen |
US7527793B2 (en) | 2002-05-03 | 2009-05-05 | Rush University Medical Center | Immunogenic peptides |
US8124069B2 (en) | 2002-05-03 | 2012-02-28 | Rush University Medical Center | Immunogenic peptides |
EP2011510A2 (en) | 2002-07-18 | 2009-01-07 | University of Washington | Pharmaceutical compositions comprising immunologically active herpes simplex virus (HSV) protein fragments |
EP2316479A2 (en) | 2002-07-18 | 2011-05-04 | University of Washington | Pharmaceutical compositions comprising immunologically active herpes simplex virus (HSV) protein fragments |
EP2263686A1 (en) | 2002-07-18 | 2010-12-22 | University of Washington | Pharmaceutical compositions comprising immunologically active herpes simplex virus (HSV) protein fragments |
EP2865386A1 (en) | 2002-07-18 | 2015-04-29 | University of Washington | Pharmaceutical compositions comprising immunologically active herpes simplex virus (HSV) protein fragments |
EP2279746A2 (en) | 2002-11-15 | 2011-02-02 | Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics S.r.l. | Surface proteins in neisseria meningitidis |
WO2004062599A2 (en) | 2003-01-06 | 2004-07-29 | Corixa Corporation | Certain aminoalkyl glucosaminide phosphate compounds and their use |
EP2940028A1 (en) | 2003-01-06 | 2015-11-04 | Corixa Corporation | Certain aminoalkyl glucosaminide phosphate compounds and their use |
EP2267005A1 (en) | 2003-04-09 | 2010-12-29 | Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics S.r.l. | ADP-ribosylating toxin from Listeria monocytogenes |
US9289479B2 (en) | 2003-07-03 | 2016-03-22 | Rush University Medical Center | Immunogenic peptides |
US7812116B2 (en) | 2003-07-03 | 2010-10-12 | Rush University Medical Center | Immunogenic peptides |
US7919576B2 (en) | 2003-07-03 | 2011-04-05 | Rush University Medical Center | Immunogenic CD19 peptides |
WO2005017148A1 (en) | 2003-07-26 | 2005-02-24 | Trubion Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Binding constructs and methods for use thereof |
US7807646B1 (en) | 2003-11-20 | 2010-10-05 | University Of South Florida | SHIP-deficiency to increase megakaryocyte progenitor production |
US7763592B1 (en) | 2003-11-20 | 2010-07-27 | University Of South Florida | SHIP-deficiency to increase megakaryocyte progenitor production |
US8008273B2 (en) | 2003-11-20 | 2011-08-30 | University Of South Florida | SHIP-deficiency to increase megakaryocyte progenitor production |
WO2005093064A1 (en) | 2004-03-29 | 2005-10-06 | Galpharma Co., Ltd. | Novel galectin 9 modification protein and use thereof |
EP2940027A1 (en) | 2004-07-08 | 2015-11-04 | Corixa Corporation | Certain aminoalkyl glucosaminide phosphate compounds and their use |
EP2199801A2 (en) | 2004-07-14 | 2010-06-23 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Biomarkers for early detection of ovarian cancer |
EP2261672A2 (en) | 2004-07-14 | 2010-12-15 | The Regents of the University of California | Biomarkers for early detection of ovarian cancer |
EP3203241A1 (en) | 2004-07-14 | 2017-08-09 | The Regents of The University of California | Biomarkers for early detection of ovarian cancer |
EP2848942A1 (en) | 2004-07-14 | 2015-03-18 | The Regents of The University of California | Biomarkers for early detection of ovarian cancer |
WO2006020684A2 (en) | 2004-08-10 | 2006-02-23 | Institute For Multiple Myeloma And Bone Cancer Research | Methods of regulating differentiation and treating of multiple myeloma |
EP2305294A1 (en) | 2004-09-22 | 2011-04-06 | GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals SA | Immunogenic composition for use in vaccination against staphylococcei |
EP2305296A1 (en) | 2004-09-22 | 2011-04-06 | GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals SA | Immunogenic composition for use in vaccination against staphylococcei |
EP2298340A1 (en) | 2004-09-22 | 2011-03-23 | GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals S.A. | Immunogenic composition for use in vaccination against staphylococcei |
EP2893938A1 (en) | 2004-09-22 | 2015-07-15 | GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals SA | Immunogenic composition for use in vaccination against Staphylococcei |
EP2305295A1 (en) | 2004-09-22 | 2011-04-06 | GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals SA | Immunogenic composition for use in vaccination against staphylococcei |
EP2808384A2 (en) | 2004-10-08 | 2014-12-03 | The Government of the United States of America as represented by the Secretary of the Department of Health and Human Services | Modulation of replicative fitness by using less frequently used synonymous codons |
EP3312272A1 (en) | 2004-10-08 | 2018-04-25 | The Government of The United States of America as represented by The Secretary of The Department of Health and Human Services | Modulation of replicative fitness by using less frequently used synonymous codons |
EP1701165A1 (en) | 2005-03-07 | 2006-09-13 | Johannes Dr. Coy | Therapeutic and diagnostic uses of TKTL1 and inhibitors and activators thereof |
EP2386314A1 (en) | 2005-03-31 | 2011-11-16 | GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals SA | Vaccines against chlamydial infection |
EP2392349A2 (en) | 2005-03-31 | 2011-12-07 | GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals S.A. | Vaccines against chlamydial infection |
EP2392347A2 (en) | 2005-03-31 | 2011-12-07 | GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals S.A. | Vaccines against chlamydial infection |
EP2392348A2 (en) | 2005-03-31 | 2011-12-07 | GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals S.A. | Vaccines against chlamydial infection |
EP2426141A2 (en) | 2005-04-29 | 2012-03-07 | GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals S.A. | Method for preventing or treating M tuberculosis infection |
WO2006117240A2 (en) | 2005-04-29 | 2006-11-09 | Glaxosmithkline Biologicals S.A. | Novel method for preventing or treating m tuberculosis infection |
EP2457926A1 (en) | 2005-04-29 | 2012-05-30 | GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals S.A. | Novel method for preventing or treating m tuberculosis infection |
US8030469B2 (en) | 2005-07-22 | 2011-10-04 | Sbi Incubation Co., Ltd. | Anti-CD26 antibodies and methods of use thereof |
US7462698B2 (en) | 2005-07-22 | 2008-12-09 | Y's Therapeutics Co., Ltd. | Anti-CD26 antibodies and methods of use thereof |
US10307481B2 (en) | 2005-07-25 | 2019-06-04 | Aptevo Research And Development Llc | CD37 immunotherapeutics and uses thereof |
US10143748B2 (en) | 2005-07-25 | 2018-12-04 | Aptevo Research And Development Llc | B-cell reduction using CD37-specific and CD20-specific binding molecules |
EP2357000A1 (en) | 2005-10-18 | 2011-08-17 | Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics, Inc. | Mucosal and systemic immunizations with alphavirus replicon particles |
EP2441846A2 (en) | 2006-01-09 | 2012-04-18 | The Regents Of the University of California | Immunostimulatory combinations of TNFRSF, TLR, NLR, RHR, purinergic receptor, and cytokine receptor agoinsts for vaccines and tumor immunotherapy |
US10420829B2 (en) | 2006-01-16 | 2019-09-24 | The United States Of America, As Represented By The Secretary, Department Of Health & Human Services | Chlamydia vaccine |
WO2007117657A2 (en) | 2006-04-07 | 2007-10-18 | The Research Foundation Of State University Of New York | Transcobalamin receptor polypeptides, nucleic acids, and modulators thereof, and related methods of use in modulating cell growth and treating cancer and cobalamin deficiency |
WO2008020335A2 (en) | 2006-06-09 | 2008-02-21 | Novartis Ag | Immunogenic compositions for streptococcus agalactiae |
EP2418223A2 (en) | 2006-06-12 | 2012-02-15 | Emergent Product Development Seattle, LLC | Single-chain multivalent binding proteins with effector function |
EP3805269A1 (en) | 2006-06-12 | 2021-04-14 | Aptevo Research and Development LLC | Single-chain multivalent binding proteins with effector function |
US8409577B2 (en) | 2006-06-12 | 2013-04-02 | Emergent Product Development Seattle, Llc | Single chain multivalent binding proteins with effector function |
US9950063B2 (en) | 2006-09-26 | 2018-04-24 | Infectious Disease Research Institute | Vaccine composition containing synthetic adjuvant |
US9907845B2 (en) | 2006-09-26 | 2018-03-06 | Infectious Disease Research Institute | Methods of using a vaccine composition containing synthetic adjuvant |
US8840908B2 (en) | 2006-09-26 | 2014-09-23 | Infectious Disease Research Institute | Vaccine composition containing synthetic adjuvant |
US9987355B2 (en) | 2006-09-26 | 2018-06-05 | Infectious Disease Research Institute | Vaccine composition containing synthetic adjuvant |
EP3403667A1 (en) | 2006-09-26 | 2018-11-21 | Infectious Disease Research Institute | Vaccine composition containing synthetic adjuvant |
EP3795173A1 (en) | 2006-09-26 | 2021-03-24 | Infectious Disease Research Institute | Vaccine composition containing synthetic adjuvant |
US8273361B2 (en) | 2006-09-26 | 2012-09-25 | Infectious Disease Research Institute | Vaccine composition containing synthetic adjuvant |
US10792359B2 (en) | 2006-09-26 | 2020-10-06 | Infectious Disease Research Institute | Methods of using a vaccine composition containing synthetic adjuvant |
US10765736B2 (en) | 2006-09-26 | 2020-09-08 | Infectious Disease Research Institute | Vaccine composition containing synthetic adjuvant |
US8673859B2 (en) | 2007-03-20 | 2014-03-18 | New York University | GM-CSF cosmeceutical compositions and methods of use thereof |
US11389521B2 (en) | 2007-07-02 | 2022-07-19 | Etubics Corporation | Methods and compositions for producing an adenovirus vector for use with multiple vaccinations |
WO2009006479A2 (en) | 2007-07-02 | 2009-01-08 | Etubics Corporation | Methods and compositions for producing an adenovirus vector for use with multiple vaccinations |
EP3539567A1 (en) | 2007-07-02 | 2019-09-18 | Etubics Corporation | Methods and compositions for producing an adenovirus vector for use with multiple vaccinations |
EP3061462A1 (en) | 2007-07-02 | 2016-08-31 | Etubics Corporation | Methods and compositions for producing an adenovirus vector for use with multiple vaccinations |
US11529408B2 (en) | 2007-07-02 | 2022-12-20 | Etubics Corporation | Methods and compositions for producing an adenovirus vector for use with multiple vaccinations |
US11344613B2 (en) | 2007-07-02 | 2022-05-31 | Etubics Corporation | Sequential administration of a replication defective adenovirus vector in vaccination protocols |
US11826417B2 (en) | 2007-07-02 | 2023-11-28 | Etubics Corporation | Methods and compositions for producing an adenovirus vector for use with multiple vaccinations |
US11369673B2 (en) | 2007-07-02 | 2022-06-28 | Etubics Corporation | HPV vaccines and methods of use thereof |
US11376316B2 (en) | 2007-07-02 | 2022-07-05 | Etubics Corporation | Breast cancer vaccines and methods of use thereof |
US11504423B2 (en) | 2007-07-02 | 2022-11-22 | Etubics Corporation | Methods and compositions for producing an adenovirus vector for use with multiple vaccinations |
EP3023502A1 (en) | 2008-04-10 | 2016-05-25 | Cell Signaling Technology, Inc. | Compositions and methods for detecting egfr mutations in cancer |
US9101609B2 (en) | 2008-04-11 | 2015-08-11 | Emergent Product Development Seattle, Llc | CD37 immunotherapeutic and combination with bifunctional chemotherapeutic thereof |
EP3251680A1 (en) | 2008-05-22 | 2017-12-06 | Infectious Disease Research Institute | Vaccine composition containing synthetic adjuvant |
US9814772B2 (en) | 2009-06-05 | 2017-11-14 | Infectious Disease Research Institute | Synthetic glucopyranosyl lipid adjuvants |
US9480740B2 (en) | 2009-06-05 | 2016-11-01 | Infectious Disease Research Institute | Synthetic glucopyranosyl lipid adjuvants |
US8722064B2 (en) | 2009-06-05 | 2014-05-13 | Infectious Disease Research Institute | Synthetic glucopyranosyl lipid adjuvants |
US10632191B2 (en) | 2009-06-05 | 2020-04-28 | Infectious Disease Research Institute | Synthetic glucopyranosyl lipid adjuvants |
WO2010141861A1 (en) | 2009-06-05 | 2010-12-09 | Infectious Disease Research Institute | Synthetic glucopyranosyl lipid adjuvants |
EP3124491A1 (en) | 2009-06-05 | 2017-02-01 | Infectious Disease Research Institute | Synthetic glucopyranosyl lipid adjuvants and vaccine compositions containing them |
WO2011092253A1 (en) | 2010-01-27 | 2011-08-04 | Glaxosmithkline Biologicals S.A. | Modified tuberculosis antigens |
US9044420B2 (en) | 2011-04-08 | 2015-06-02 | Immune Design Corp. | Immunogenic compositions and methods of using the compositions for inducing humoral and cellular immune responses |
US10221218B2 (en) | 2011-05-10 | 2019-03-05 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Adenovirus isolated from titi monkeys |
US9267112B2 (en) | 2011-05-10 | 2016-02-23 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Adenovirus isolated from Titi Monkeys |
WO2012177595A1 (en) | 2011-06-21 | 2012-12-27 | Oncofactor Corporation | Compositions and methods for the therapy and diagnosis of cancer |
WO2013033260A1 (en) | 2011-08-29 | 2013-03-07 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Use of hdl-related molecules to treat and prevent proinflammatory conditions |
US11510875B2 (en) | 2012-02-07 | 2022-11-29 | Access To Advanced Health Institute | Adjuvant formulations comprising TLR4 agonists and methods of using the same |
EP3563834A1 (en) | 2012-02-07 | 2019-11-06 | Infectious Disease Research Institute | Improved adjuvant formulations comprising tlr4 agonists and methods of using the same |
WO2013119856A1 (en) | 2012-02-07 | 2013-08-15 | Infectious Disease Research Institute | Improved adjuvant formulations comprising tlr4 agonists and methods of using the same |
EP3563865A2 (en) | 2012-05-04 | 2019-11-06 | Pfizer Inc | Prostate-associated antigens and vaccine-based immunotherapy regimens |
WO2013164754A2 (en) | 2012-05-04 | 2013-11-07 | Pfizer Inc. | Prostate-associated antigens and vaccine-based immunotherapy regimens |
US9895435B2 (en) | 2012-05-16 | 2018-02-20 | Immune Design Corp. | Vaccines for HSV-2 |
US9605276B2 (en) | 2012-08-24 | 2017-03-28 | Etubics Corporation | Replication defective adenovirus vector in vaccination |
US10563224B2 (en) | 2012-08-24 | 2020-02-18 | Etubics Corporation | Replication defective adenovirus vector in vaccination |
WO2014144521A1 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2014-09-18 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Mitochondrial-derived peptide mots3 regulates metabolism and cell survival |
WO2014144844A1 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2014-09-18 | The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University | tRNA DERIVED SMALL RNAs (tsRNAs) INVOLVED IN CELL VIABILITY |
US10342815B2 (en) | 2013-04-18 | 2019-07-09 | Immune Design Corp. | GLA monotherapy for use in cancer treatment |
US10993956B2 (en) | 2013-04-18 | 2021-05-04 | Immune Design Corp. | GLA monotherapy for use in cancer treatment |
US8957047B2 (en) | 2013-04-18 | 2015-02-17 | Immune Design Corp. | GLA monotherapy for use in cancer treatment |
US8962593B2 (en) | 2013-04-18 | 2015-02-24 | Immune Design Corp. | GLA monotherapy for use in cancer treatment |
WO2014172661A1 (en) | 2013-04-19 | 2014-10-23 | The Regent Of The University Of California | Lone star virus |
US9463198B2 (en) | 2013-06-04 | 2016-10-11 | Infectious Disease Research Institute | Compositions and methods for reducing or preventing metastasis |
US10231993B2 (en) | 2013-06-27 | 2019-03-19 | University Of Washington Through Its Center For Commercialization | Biocompatible polymeric system for targeted treatment of thrombotic and hemostatic disorders |
EP3695841A2 (en) | 2013-07-01 | 2020-08-19 | The Research Foundation for the State University of New York | Ship inhibition to combat obesity |
EP3699200A1 (en) | 2013-07-15 | 2020-08-26 | Cell Signaling Technology, Inc. | Anti-mucin 1 binding agents and uses thereof |
WO2015195812A1 (en) | 2014-06-17 | 2015-12-23 | The Research Foundation For The State University Of New York | Ship inhibition to induce activation of natural killer cells |
US10702538B2 (en) | 2014-06-17 | 2020-07-07 | The Research Foundation For The State University Of New York | Ship inhibition to induce activation of natural killer cells |
US10501816B2 (en) | 2014-06-27 | 2019-12-10 | Abbott Laboratories | Compositions and methods for detecting human pegivirus 2 (HPgV-2) |
EP3594684A1 (en) | 2014-06-27 | 2020-01-15 | Abbott Laboratories | Compositions and methods for detecting human pegivirus 2 (hpgv-2) |
US9938589B2 (en) | 2014-06-27 | 2018-04-10 | Abbott Laboratories | Compositions and methods for detecting human pegivirus 2 (HPgV-2) |
US9777340B2 (en) | 2014-06-27 | 2017-10-03 | Abbott Laboratories | Compositions and methods for detecting human Pegivirus 2 (HPgV-2) |
WO2016154010A1 (en) | 2015-03-20 | 2016-09-29 | Makidon Paul | Immunogenic compositions for use in vaccination against bordetella |
US11352426B2 (en) | 2015-09-21 | 2022-06-07 | Aptevo Research And Development Llc | CD3 binding polypeptides |
WO2017062246A1 (en) | 2015-10-05 | 2017-04-13 | The United States Of America, As Represented By The Secretary, Department Of Health & Human Services | Human rota virus g9p[6] strain and use as a vaccine |
EP3733201A1 (en) | 2016-01-19 | 2020-11-04 | Pfizer Inc | Cancer vaccines |
WO2017125844A1 (en) | 2016-01-19 | 2017-07-27 | Pfizer Inc. | Cancer vaccines |
EP4112638A1 (en) | 2016-05-16 | 2023-01-04 | Access to Advanced Health Institute | Formulation containing tlr agonist and methods of use |
WO2017200852A1 (en) | 2016-05-16 | 2017-11-23 | Infectious Disease Research Institute | Formulation containing tlr agonist and methods of use |
WO2017210364A1 (en) | 2016-06-01 | 2017-12-07 | Infectious Disease Research Institute | Nanoalum particles containing a sizing agent |
WO2019012371A1 (en) | 2017-07-11 | 2019-01-17 | Pfizer Inc. | Immunogenic compositions comprising cea muc1 and tert |
EP4088783A1 (en) | 2017-08-01 | 2022-11-16 | Ab Studio Inc. | Bispecific antibodies and uses thereof |
US11440972B2 (en) | 2017-08-01 | 2022-09-13 | Ab Studio Inc. | Bispecific antibodies and uses thereof |
US11566083B2 (en) | 2017-08-01 | 2023-01-31 | Ab Studio Inc. | Bispecific antibodies and uses thereof |
US10934365B2 (en) | 2017-11-24 | 2021-03-02 | Eucure (Beijing) Biopharma Co., Ltd | Anti-OX40 antibodies and uses thereof |
US11912736B2 (en) | 2018-02-21 | 2024-02-27 | The University Of Montana | Diaryl trehalose compounds and uses thereof |
US11155625B2 (en) | 2018-02-23 | 2021-10-26 | Eucure (Beijing) Biopharma Co., Ltd | Anti-PD-1 antibodies and uses thereof |
US11572381B2 (en) | 2018-03-02 | 2023-02-07 | The University Of Montana | Immunogenic trehalose compounds and uses thereof |
US11142582B2 (en) | 2018-07-20 | 2021-10-12 | Eucure (Beijing) Biopharma Co., Ltd | Anti-CD40 antibodies and uses thereof |
WO2020014974A1 (en) | 2018-07-20 | 2020-01-23 | Eucure (Beijing) Biopharma Co., Ltd | Anti-cd40 antibodies and uses thereof |
US11292849B2 (en) | 2018-09-12 | 2022-04-05 | Eucure (Beijing) Biopharma Co., Ltd. | Anti-TNFRSF9 antibodies and uses thereof |
US11352429B2 (en) | 2018-11-19 | 2022-06-07 | Biocytogen Pharmaceuticals (Beijing) Co., Ltd. | Anti-PD-1 antibodies and uses thereof |
WO2020237164A1 (en) | 2019-05-23 | 2020-11-26 | The University Of Montana | Vaccine adjuvants based on tlr receptor ligands |
US11964014B2 (en) | 2023-08-08 | 2024-04-23 | The University Of Montana | Vaccine adjuvants based on TLR receptor ligands |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA1341435C (en) | 2003-07-29 |
WO1989001973A3 (en) | 1989-03-23 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
WO1989001973A2 (en) | Recombinant pox virus for immunization against tumor-associated antigens | |
US6699475B1 (en) | Recombinant pox virus for immunization against tumor-associated antigens | |
Bernards et al. | Effective tumor immunotherapy directed against an oncogene-encoded product using a vaccinia virus vector. | |
US5242829A (en) | Recombinant pseudorabies virus | |
AU606046B2 (en) | Vaccines against melanoma | |
EP0652967B1 (en) | Self-assembling replication defective hybrid virus particles | |
US6723695B1 (en) | CTL epitopes from EBV | |
WO1994017810A1 (en) | Recombinant cytomegalovirus vaccine | |
NZ236294A (en) | Recombinant vaccines using herpes virus of turkeys against mareks disease; infectious bronchitis; newcastle disease and infectious bursal disease | |
JPH025860A (en) | Recombinant vaccinia virus mva | |
WO1994023744A1 (en) | Recombinant cytomegalovirus vaccine | |
US6024953A (en) | Vaccine against rabies and process for preparation thereof | |
CA1312837C (en) | Pseudorabies vaccine | |
JP4070815B2 (en) | Pharmaceutical composition for treating papillomavirus tumors and infections | |
US7645455B2 (en) | Chimeric lyssavirus nucleic acids and polypeptides | |
US5283191A (en) | Mareks' disease virus vaccine | |
US5858373A (en) | Recombinant poxvirus-feline infectious peritionitis virus, compositions thereof and methods for making and using them | |
EP0538299A1 (en) | Equine herpesvirus-4 tk?- vaccine | |
SK216792A3 (en) | Imunogenic polypeptide | |
WO1994012617A1 (en) | Hepatitis b virus vaccines | |
JP4317786B2 (en) | gp350 / 220 non-splicing variants | |
CA2067469C (en) | Recombinant vaccine against marek's disease | |
AU731706B2 (en) | Recombinant viral pseudo-particles and vaccinal and antitumoral applications thereof | |
JPH10512151A (en) | Immunogenic compositions containing recombinant attenuated poxvirus expressing HTLV antigen | |
EP0606452A1 (en) | Vector vaccines of recombinant feline herpesvirus |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AK | Designated states |
Kind code of ref document: A2 Designated state(s): JP |
|
AL | Designated countries for regional patents |
Kind code of ref document: A2 Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE FR GB IT LU NL SE |
|
AK | Designated states |
Kind code of ref document: A3 Designated state(s): JP |
|
AL | Designated countries for regional patents |
Kind code of ref document: A3 Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE FR GB IT LU NL SE |