WO1990000478A1 - Pneumatic manometric switch and process for producing the same - Google Patents

Pneumatic manometric switch and process for producing the same Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO1990000478A1
WO1990000478A1 PCT/DE1989/000377 DE8900377W WO9000478A1 WO 1990000478 A1 WO1990000478 A1 WO 1990000478A1 DE 8900377 W DE8900377 W DE 8900377W WO 9000478 A1 WO9000478 A1 WO 9000478A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
pressure
contact pin
pressure chamber
reference pressure
medium inlet
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/DE1989/000377
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Hans Schrumpf
Johannes Burkard
Gerhard Hettich
Wolfgang Weltin
Günter Schmid
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch Gmbh filed Critical Robert Bosch Gmbh
Publication of WO1990000478A1 publication Critical patent/WO1990000478A1/en

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
    • B60C23/00—Devices for measuring, signalling, controlling, or distributing tyre pressure or temperature, specially adapted for mounting on vehicles; Arrangement of tyre inflating devices on vehicles, e.g. of pumps or of tanks; Tyre cooling arrangements
    • B60C23/02—Signalling devices actuated by tyre pressure
    • B60C23/04—Signalling devices actuated by tyre pressure mounted on the wheel or tyre
    • B60C23/0408—Signalling devices actuated by tyre pressure mounted on the wheel or tyre transmitting the signals by non-mechanical means from the wheel or tyre to a vehicle body mounted receiver

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a pneumatically actuated pressure switch, preferably for monitoring tire pressure in motor vehicles, according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Such a pressure switch is known from DE-OS 28 32 447. With this known pressure switch, a certain gas pressure is set. kes in the reference pressure chamber via a Druckmit ⁇ tel inlet connector, which is squeezed off gas-tight at its end after filling.
  • a pressure switch is known, in which the reference pressure chamber has a one-piece attachment with it, which is inserted through the rim of the respective wheel and protrudes outwards. At the outer free end, a valve is provided in the interior of this attachment, which allows the reference chamber to be filled. A switching contact on the membrane penetrates this extension in the longitudinal direction and stands freely above it for the attachment of an electrical connection.
  • This construction is relatively complex and in practical use the permanent tightness required for the reference pressure chamber can hardly be achieved.
  • the object of the invention is to design a pressure switch of the type mentioned at the outset in such a way that a defined pressure in the reference pressure chamber can be set in a simple manner and can be maintained permanently in a cost-effective construction.
  • the contact pin has a longitudinal channel, ie is tubular, the gas can enter the reference pressure chamber via this longitudinal recess are brought without having to provide a separate pressure medium inlet connection. Since the design of the contact pin as a tube can be accomplished practically without any additional effort, the construction is simplified overall.
  • the contact pin on the side facing away from the membrane emerges freely from the housing.
  • gas which has a coefficient of thermal expansion similar to that of the air in the tire, i.e. usually also air or nitrogen, easy to close.
  • almost any ideal gas can be used as the filling gas.
  • This closing can take place either by the free end of the contact pin being closed by a welded-on steel ball, or by closing it by squeezing and subsequent welding.
  • the closing process can be carried out by means of a simple operation which can be carried out conveniently, since the free end of the contact pin protrudes and therefore there is no need to work on the actual housing of the pressure switch.
  • the invention is also directed to a method for producing a pressure switch with a defined pressure in the reference pressure chamber. This is achieved according to the characterizing part of claim 5. It is known per se to seal a filler neck for a reference pressure chamber by squeezing. However, according to the invention it is provided that the volume of the reference pressure chamber is reduced by a defined squeezing after sealing per se and the pressure is accordingly increased , until the desired setpoint is reached, starting from an initially low filling pressure.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic section through a pressure switch according to the invention
  • a pressure switch 1 is shown with a housing 2.
  • the housing 2 has an annular groove 3.
  • a flange of the housing 2 is used to fasten it in a capsule, not shown, which is inserted into a rim.
  • a space which is open towards the top and is formed in the housing 2 serves as a reference pressure chamber 4. This is closed off in a manner known per se by a membrane 5 at the top.
  • the membrane 5 is a Weld 6 welded gas-tight to the housing 2.
  • a contact pin 7 is arranged along the central longitudinal axis 8 of the housing 2 and is electrically insulated from the metal housing 2 via insulating bodies 9, 10 made of glass.
  • the contact pin 7 has a longitudinal channel 11 which opens into the reference pressure chamber 4.
  • the inner end 12 'of the contact pin 7 in the mouth region in the reference pressure chamber 4 also serves as a contact for the metallic membrane 5.
  • the contact pin 7 fulfills a double function as a contact pin and pressure medium inlet connector, without having to take any special measures for the pressure medium inlet.
  • the longitudinal channel 11 is closed by a pinch 15 and subsequent welding (welding point 16).
  • welding point 16 welding point 16
  • the pinch 15 and dimensioning it By positioning the pinch 15 and dimensioning it, the already tightly sealed volume of the longitudinal channel 11 and the reference pressure chamber 4 can be changed and thus, if necessary, the pressure in the reference pressure chamber 4 can be increased in a defined manner.

Abstract

A pneumatic switch, in particular for controlling the inflation pressure of tyres, has an electrically conductive diaphragm (5) that covers a reference pressure chamber (4) and is sealed around its circumference to a housing (2). When the inflation pressure to be controlled exceeds a given threshold value, the diaphragm (5) bears against a contact pin (7) which extends through the reference pressure chamber (4). A pressurized medium inlet stub fills the reference pressure chamber (4) with a gas under a predetermined pressure. In order to obtain a particularly simple, cost-effective design with a good and defined sealing effect, the contact pin (7) has a longitudinal channel (11) and acts as an inlet stub for the pressurized medium.

Description

Pneumatisch betätigbarer Druckschalter und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung Pneumatically actuated pressure switch and method for its manufacture
Die Erfindung richtet sich auf einen pneumatisch betä¬ tigbaren Druckschalter, vorzugsweise zur Reifendruck¬ überwachung an Kraftfahrzeugen, nach dem Oberbegriff von Anspruch 1.The invention relates to a pneumatically actuated pressure switch, preferably for monitoring tire pressure in motor vehicles, according to the preamble of claim 1.
Ein derartiger Druckschalter ist aus der DE-OS 28 32 447 bekannt. Bei diesem vorbekannten Druckschal¬ ter erfolgt die Einstellung eines bestimmten Gasdruk- kes in der Referenzdruckkammer über einen Druckmit¬ tel-Einlaßstutzen, der nach dem Befüllen an seinem Ende gasdicht abgequetscht wird.Such a pressure switch is known from DE-OS 28 32 447. With this known pressure switch, a certain gas pressure is set. kes in the reference pressure chamber via a Druckmit¬ tel inlet connector, which is squeezed off gas-tight at its end after filling.
Aus der DE-OS 28 34 808 ist ein Druckschalter bekannt, bei welchem die Referenzdruckkammer einen mit diesem einstückigen Ansatz aufweist, welcher durch die Felge des jeweiligen Rades gesteckt wird und nach außen her¬ vorsteht. An dem äußeren freien Ende ist im inneren dieses Ansatzes ein Ventil vorgesehen, welches ein Be¬ füllen der Referenzkammer gestattet. Ein an der Mem¬ bran anliegender Schaltkontakt durchsetzt diesen An¬ satz in Längsrichtung und steht frei über diesen zur Anbringung eines elektrischen Anschlusses hinaus. Die¬ se Konstruktion ist relativ aufwendig und im prakti¬ schen Gebrauch läßt sich kaum die für die Referenz¬ druckkammer erforderliche dauerhafte Dichtigkeit er¬ reichen.From DE-OS 28 34 808 a pressure switch is known, in which the reference pressure chamber has a one-piece attachment with it, which is inserted through the rim of the respective wheel and protrudes outwards. At the outer free end, a valve is provided in the interior of this attachment, which allows the reference chamber to be filled. A switching contact on the membrane penetrates this extension in the longitudinal direction and stands freely above it for the attachment of an electrical connection. This construction is relatively complex and in practical use the permanent tightness required for the reference pressure chamber can hardly be achieved.
Ausgehend von dem gattungsbildenden Stand der Technik liegt der Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen Druck¬ schalter der eingangs genannten Art so auszugestalten, daß bei kostengünstiger Konstruktion in einfacher Wei¬ se ein definierter Druck in der Referenzdruckkammer eingestellt und dauerhaft aufrecht erhalten werden kann.On the basis of the generic state of the art, the object of the invention is to design a pressure switch of the type mentioned at the outset in such a way that a defined pressure in the reference pressure chamber can be set in a simple manner and can be maintained permanently in a cost-effective construction.
Diese Aufgabe wird gelöst durch den kennzeichnenden Teil von Anspruch 1. Da danach vorgesehen ist, daß der Kontaktstift einen Längskanal aufweist, d.h. röhrchenförmig ausgebildet ist, kann das Gas in die Referenzdruckkammer über diese Längsausnehmung ein gebracht werden, ohne daß ein gesonderter Druck¬ mittel-Einlaßstutzen vorgesehen zu werden braucht. Da die Ausbildung des Kontaktstiftes als Röhrchen prak¬ tisch ohne jeglichen Mehraufwand zu bewerkstelligen ist, wird die Konstruktion insgesamt vereinfacht.This object is achieved by the characterizing part of claim 1. Since it is provided that the contact pin has a longitudinal channel, ie is tubular, the gas can enter the reference pressure chamber via this longitudinal recess are brought without having to provide a separate pressure medium inlet connection. Since the design of the contact pin as a tube can be accomplished practically without any additional effort, the construction is simplified overall.
In weiterer Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist vorgese¬ hen, daß der Kontaktstift auf der der Membran abge¬ wandten Seite frei aus dem Gehäuse austritt. Dies er¬ möglicht es, den Längskanal des Kontaktstiftes nach dem Befüllen mit Gas, welches einen ähnlichen Wärme¬ ausdehnungskoeffizienten wie die Luft im Reifen auf¬ weist, d.h. in der Regel ebenfalls Luft oder Stick¬ stoff, problemlos zu verschließen. Als Füllgas kann im Prinzip jedes nahezu ideale Gas verwendet werden.In a further embodiment of the invention it is provided that the contact pin on the side facing away from the membrane emerges freely from the housing. This makes it possible to fill the longitudinal channel of the contact pin with gas, which has a coefficient of thermal expansion similar to that of the air in the tire, i.e. usually also air or nitrogen, easy to close. In principle, almost any ideal gas can be used as the filling gas.
Dieses Verschließen kann entweder dadurch erfolgen, daß das freie Ende des Kontaktstiftes durch eine auf¬ geschweißte Stahlkugel verschlossen ist, oder dadurch daß es durch Quetschen und anschließendes Schweißen geschlossen wird. In jedem Fall läßt sich der Ver¬ schließvorgang mittels einer einfachen, bequem aus¬ führbaren Operation realisieren, da das freie Ende des Kontaktstiftes vorsteht und somit nicht am eigentli¬ chen Gehäuse des Druckschalters gearbeitet werden muß.This closing can take place either by the free end of the contact pin being closed by a welded-on steel ball, or by closing it by squeezing and subsequent welding. In any case, the closing process can be carried out by means of a simple operation which can be carried out conveniently, since the free end of the contact pin protrudes and therefore there is no need to work on the actual housing of the pressure switch.
Die Erfindung richtet sich auch auf ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Druckschalters mit definiertem Druck in der Referenzdruckkammer. Dies wird gemäß dem kenn¬ zeichnenden Teil von Anspruch 5 erreicht. Es ist zwar an sich bekannt, einen Befüllstutzen für eine Referenzdruckkammer durch Abquetschen abzudich¬ ten. Erfindungsgemäß ist jedoch vorgesehen, daß durch ein definiertes Abquetschen nach an sich erfolgter Ab¬ dichtung das Volumen der Referenzdruckkammer so ver¬ mindert und dementsprechend der Druck so erhöht wird, bis ausgehend von einem zunächst niedrigen Fülldruck der gewünschte Sollwert erreicht ist.The invention is also directed to a method for producing a pressure switch with a defined pressure in the reference pressure chamber. This is achieved according to the characterizing part of claim 5. It is known per se to seal a filler neck for a reference pressure chamber by squeezing. However, according to the invention it is provided that the volume of the reference pressure chamber is reduced by a defined squeezing after sealing per se and the pressure is accordingly increased , until the desired setpoint is reached, starting from an initially low filling pressure.
Weitere Merkmale, Vorteile und Einzelheiten der Erfin¬ dung ergeben sich aus der folgenden Beschreibung einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform anhand der Zeichnung. Dabei zeigenFurther features, advantages and details of the invention result from the following description of a preferred embodiment with reference to the drawing. Show
Fig. 1 einen schematischen Schnitt durch einen erfin¬ dungsgemäßen Druckschalter und1 shows a schematic section through a pressure switch according to the invention and
Fig. 2 einen vergrößerten Schnitt durch den Endbereich des Kontaktstiftes bei einer abgewandelten Aus¬ führungsform.2 shows an enlarged section through the end region of the contact pin in a modified embodiment.
In Fig. 1 ist ein Druckschalter 1 mit einem Gehäuse 2 dargestellt. Zur Hinterlüftung einer Durchführung weist das Gehäuse 2 eine Ringnut 3 auf. Ein Flansch des Gehäuses 2 dient zu dessen Befestigung in einer nicht dargestellten Kapsel, die in eine Felge einge¬ setzt wird.In Fig. 1, a pressure switch 1 is shown with a housing 2. To ventilate a bushing, the housing 2 has an annular groove 3. A flange of the housing 2 is used to fasten it in a capsule, not shown, which is inserted into a rim.
Ein zur Oberseite hin offener, in dem Gehäuse 2 ausge¬ bildeter Raum dient als Referenzdruckkammer 4. Diese ist in an sich bekannter Weise durch eine Membran 5 oben abgeschlossen. Die Membran 5 ist über eine Schweißnaht 6 gasdicht mit dem Gehäuse 2 verbunden.A space which is open towards the top and is formed in the housing 2 serves as a reference pressure chamber 4. This is closed off in a manner known per se by a membrane 5 at the top. The membrane 5 is a Weld 6 welded gas-tight to the housing 2.
Ein Kontaktstift 7 ist längs der Mittellängsachse 8 des Gehäuses 2 angeordnet und über Isolierkörper 9, 10 aus Glas gegenüber dem Metallgehäuse 2 elektrisch isolierend befestigt.A contact pin 7 is arranged along the central longitudinal axis 8 of the housing 2 and is electrically insulated from the metal housing 2 via insulating bodies 9, 10 made of glass.
Der Kontaktstift 7 weist einen Längskanal 11 auf, wel¬ cher in die Referenzdruckkammer 4 mündet. Das innere Ende 12' des Kontaktstiftes 7 im Mündungsbereich in der Referenzdruckkammer 4 dient gleichzeitig als Kon¬ takt für die metallische Membran 5.The contact pin 7 has a longitudinal channel 11 which opens into the reference pressure chamber 4. The inner end 12 'of the contact pin 7 in the mouth region in the reference pressure chamber 4 also serves as a contact for the metallic membrane 5.
Durch den Kanal 11 kann in die Referenzdruckkammer 4 Gas mit definiertem Druck eingebracht werden. An¬ schließend wird der Längskanal 11 im Bereich des frei¬ en äußeren Endes 12', welches über den Gehäuseboden frei hinaussteht, durch eine aufgeschweißte Metallku¬ gel 14 verschlossen. Auf diese Weise nimmt der Kon¬ taktstift 7 eine Doppelfunktion als Kontaktstift und Druckmittel-Einlaßstutzen wahr, ohne daß für den Druckmitteleinlaß gesonderte Vorkehrungen getroffen werden müßten.Gas with a defined pressure can be introduced into the reference pressure chamber 4 through the channel 11. The longitudinal channel 11 is then closed in the region of the free outer end 12 ', which projects freely beyond the housing base, by a welded-on metal ball 14. In this way, the contact pin 7 fulfills a double function as a contact pin and pressure medium inlet connector, without having to take any special measures for the pressure medium inlet.
Bei der in Fig. 2 dargestellten Ausführungsform, bei welcher nur. das untere Ende 12' des Kontaktsti tes 7 dargestellt ist, ist der Längskanal 11 durch eine Ab- quetschung 15 und anschließendes Verschweißen (Schweißpunkt 16) verschlossen. Durch das Positionie¬ ren der Abquetschung 15 und das Dimensionieren dersel¬ ben kann das bereits dicht abgeschlossene Volumen des Längskanals 11 und der Referenzdruckkammer 4 verändert und damit erforderlichenfalls der Druck in der Refe¬ renzdruckkammer 4 definiert erhöht werden. Dadurch ist es möglich, daß in der Referenzdruckkammer 4 zunächst ein Druck etwas unterhalb des vorgesehenen Sollwertes eingestellt und das freie Ende 12' des als Druckmit¬ tel-Einlaßstutzen dienenden Kontaktstifes 7 verschlos¬ sen wird, und daß dann durch definiertes Quetschen des Kontaktstiftes 7 der Druck in der Referenzdruckkammer bis auf den Sollwert erhöht wird. In the embodiment shown in Fig. 2, in which only. the lower end 12 'of Kontaktsti tes 7 is shown, the longitudinal channel 11 is closed by a pinch 15 and subsequent welding (welding point 16). By positioning the pinch 15 and dimensioning it, the already tightly sealed volume of the longitudinal channel 11 and the reference pressure chamber 4 can be changed and thus, if necessary, the pressure in the reference pressure chamber 4 can be increased in a defined manner. This makes it possible for a pressure in the reference pressure chamber 4 to initially be set somewhat below the intended setpoint and for the free end 12 'of the contact pin 7 serving as a pressure medium inlet connector to be closed, and then for the pin 7 to be squeezed in a defined manner Pressure in the reference pressure chamber is increased to the setpoint.

Claims

A n s p r ü c h e Expectations
1. Pneumatisch betätigbarer Druckschalter, insbesonde¬ re zur Reifendrucküberwachung, mit einer mit einem Ge¬ häuse längs ihres Umfanges dichtend verbundenen, eine Referenzdruckkammer abdeckenden, elektrisch leitenden Membran, welche oberhalb eines bestimmten Schwellwer¬ tes des zu.überwachenden Luftdruckes einem die Refe¬ renzdruckkammer durchsetzenden Kontaktstift anliegt, sowie mit einem Druckmittel-Einlaßstutzen zum Befüllen der Referenzdruckkammer mit einem Gas definierten Druckes, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Kontaktstift (7) einen verschließbaren Kanal (11) aufweist und als Druckmittel-Einlaßstutzen dient. 1. Pneumatically actuated pressure switch, in particular for tire pressure monitoring, with an electrically conductive membrane sealingly connected to a housing along its circumference and covering a reference pressure chamber passing through contact pin, and with a pressure medium inlet port for filling the reference pressure chamber with a gas-defined pressure, characterized in that the contact pin (7) has a closable channel (11) and serves as a pressure medium inlet port.
2. Druckschalter nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeich¬ net, daß der Kontaktstift (7) an der der Membran (5) abgewandten Seite frei aus dem Gehäuse (2) austritt.2. Pressure switch according to claim 1, characterized gekennzeich¬ net that the contact pin (7) on the side facing away from the membrane (5) emerges freely from the housing (2).
3. Druckschalter nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeich¬ net, daß das freie Ende (12') des Kontaktstiftes (7) durch eine aufgeschweißte Stahlkugel (14) verschlossen ist.3. Pressure switch according to claim 1, characterized gekennzeich¬ net that the free end (12 ') of the contact pin (7) is closed by a welded steel ball (14).
4. Druckschalter nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeich¬ net, daß das freie Ende (12') des Kontaktstiftes (7) durch eine Quetschung (15) und Verschweißen (Schwei߬ punkt 16) verschlossen ist.4. Pressure switch according to claim 1, characterized gekennzeich¬ net that the free end (12 ') of the contact pin (7) by a pinch (15) and welding (welding point 16) is closed.
5. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Druckschalters mit definiertem Druck in der Referenzdruckkammer, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in der Referenzdruckkammer zu¬ nächst ein Druck etwas unterhalb des vorgesehenen Sollwertes eingestellt und das freie Ende des als Druckmittel-Einlaßstutzen dienenden Kontaktstiftes verschlossen wird, und daß dann durch definiertes Quetschen des Kontaktstiftes der Druck in der Refe¬ renzdruckkammer bis auf den Sollwert erhöht wird. 5. A method for producing a pressure switch with a defined pressure in the reference pressure chamber, characterized in that in the reference pressure chamber initially a pressure is set somewhat below the intended setpoint and the free end of the contact pin serving as pressure medium inlet port is closed, and then by defined squeezing of the contact pin, the pressure in the reference pressure chamber is increased to the setpoint.
PCT/DE1989/000377 1988-07-05 1989-06-08 Pneumatic manometric switch and process for producing the same WO1990000478A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DEP3822662.6 1988-07-05
DE19883822662 DE3822662A1 (en) 1988-07-05 1988-07-05 PNEUMATICALLY OPERATED PRESSURE SWITCH AND METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1990000478A1 true WO1990000478A1 (en) 1990-01-25

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/DE1989/000377 WO1990000478A1 (en) 1988-07-05 1989-06-08 Pneumatic manometric switch and process for producing the same

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EP (1) EP0423149A1 (en)
JP (1) JPH03505561A (en)
AU (1) AU3736389A (en)
DE (1) DE3822662A1 (en)
WO (1) WO1990000478A1 (en)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5179947A (en) * 1991-01-15 1993-01-19 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Acceleration-sensitive cardiac pacemaker and method of operation
KR100475244B1 (en) * 2002-06-28 2005-03-10 한국화학연구원 Preparation of an intermediate for the synthesis of atorvastatin

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2832447A1 (en) * 1978-07-24 1980-02-14 Bosch Gmbh Robert Pneumatic pressure switch suitable as tyre pressure monitor - has membrane clamped between flanges and in same plane as switch
DE2834808A1 (en) * 1978-08-09 1980-02-14 Pruss Gunter Motor vehicle tyre pressure drop indicator - has diaphragm located between reference and tyre pressures to move away from contact when tyre pressure drops
WO1987003547A1 (en) * 1985-12-12 1987-06-18 Robert Bosch Gmbh Detector of the inflation pressure of motor vehicle tyres

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2832447A1 (en) * 1978-07-24 1980-02-14 Bosch Gmbh Robert Pneumatic pressure switch suitable as tyre pressure monitor - has membrane clamped between flanges and in same plane as switch
DE2834808A1 (en) * 1978-08-09 1980-02-14 Pruss Gunter Motor vehicle tyre pressure drop indicator - has diaphragm located between reference and tyre pressures to move away from contact when tyre pressure drops
WO1987003547A1 (en) * 1985-12-12 1987-06-18 Robert Bosch Gmbh Detector of the inflation pressure of motor vehicle tyres

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5179947A (en) * 1991-01-15 1993-01-19 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Acceleration-sensitive cardiac pacemaker and method of operation
KR100475244B1 (en) * 2002-06-28 2005-03-10 한국화학연구원 Preparation of an intermediate for the synthesis of atorvastatin

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPH03505561A (en) 1991-12-05
EP0423149A1 (en) 1991-04-24
DE3822662A1 (en) 1990-01-11
AU3736389A (en) 1990-02-05

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