WO1990002527A1 - Spinal distractor - Google Patents

Spinal distractor Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1990002527A1
WO1990002527A1 PCT/AU1989/000387 AU8900387W WO9002527A1 WO 1990002527 A1 WO1990002527 A1 WO 1990002527A1 AU 8900387 W AU8900387 W AU 8900387W WO 9002527 A1 WO9002527 A1 WO 9002527A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
rods
screw thread
hand screw
adjustment means
spinal
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/AU1989/000387
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
David Keith Livingston Blair
John Raymond Selmes
Original Assignee
Australian Defence Industries Pty. Limited
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Australian Defence Industries Pty. Limited filed Critical Australian Defence Industries Pty. Limited
Publication of WO1990002527A1 publication Critical patent/WO1990002527A1/en

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/02—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets for holding wounds open; Tractors
    • A61B17/025—Joint distractors
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/68—Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B17/70—Spinal positioners or stabilisers ; Bone stabilisers comprising fluid filler in an implant
    • A61B17/7074—Tools specially adapted for spinal fixation operations other than for bone removal or filler handling
    • A61B17/7076—Tools specially adapted for spinal fixation operations other than for bone removal or filler handling for driving, positioning or assembling spinal clamps or bone anchors specially adapted for spinal fixation
    • A61B17/7077—Tools specially adapted for spinal fixation operations other than for bone removal or filler handling for driving, positioning or assembling spinal clamps or bone anchors specially adapted for spinal fixation for moving bone anchors attached to vertebrae, thereby displacing the vertebrae
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/68—Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B17/70—Spinal positioners or stabilisers ; Bone stabilisers comprising fluid filler in an implant
    • A61B17/7001—Screws or hooks combined with longitudinal elements which do not contact vertebrae
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/02—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets for holding wounds open; Tractors
    • A61B17/025—Joint distractors
    • A61B2017/0256—Joint distractors for the spine

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a spinal distractor which enables distraction and realignment of the spine during surgical procedures following serious spinal fracture.
  • Spinal distractors of the prior art typically consist of two oppositely threaded distractor arms mounted in a threaded sleeve.
  • the distractor arms fit into holes drilled in the undamaged vertebral bodies above and below the fracture.
  • the threaded sleeve interacts with the respective distractor arms by means of a left-hand screw thread at one end, and right-hand screw thread at the other. Rotation of the sleeve moves the distractor arms closer together or further apart, depending on the direction of rotation.
  • This type of distractor allows distraction of damaged vertebral bodies, but does not permit easy realignment of the spine. Further, it is very difficult to insert and, hence, use the spinal distractor of the prior art if the fractured vertebral body is "wedged", causing a grossly abnormal angulation of the spine.
  • the present inventors have designed a novel spinal distractor which assists in avoiding a number of the disadvantages of the prior art spinal distractors. DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
  • the present invention consists in a spinal distractor comprising a first and a second rod, each rod being provided with anchoring means at one end thereof, said anchoring means being adapted for insertion into a vertebra; a first adjustment means extending between said first and said second rods and being pivotally connected to the other end of each of said first and said second rods; and a second adjustment means extending between said first and said second rods and being pivotally connected to a point on each of said rods intermediate the one end and the other end.
  • the present invention consists in a spinal distractor kit, said kit comprising;
  • a first and a second rod each of said rods being provided with an anchoring means at one end, said anchoring being adapted for insertion into a vertebra;
  • a first adjustment means adapted for pivotal connection to the other end of the first and second rods
  • a second adjustment means adapted for pivotal connection to a point on each of said rods intermediate the one end and the other end.
  • the first and optionally the second adjustment means comprise a threaded sleeve which interacts with a left-hand screw thread on the first rod and a right-hand screw thread on the second rod.
  • the second adjustment means comprises a pair of arms hingedly interconnected at one end, the other end of each arm being pivotally connected to one of the said first and said second rods, and variation means extending between and connected to each of the arms at a point intermediate the one end and the other end thereof, said variation means enabling the distance between the other ends of the pair of arms to be varied.
  • the two rods lie in a first plane and the variation means in a second plane, with the first and second planes preferably being substantially parallel.
  • the variation means comprises a threaded sleeve which interacts with a left-hand screw thread on one arm and a right-hand screw on the other arm.
  • Figure 1 shows a front perspective view of the spinal distractor of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 shows a front plan view of the spinal distractor of the present invention
  • the spinal distractor 10 consists of a first rod 12, a second rod 14, first adjustment means 16 and second adjustment means 18. Screws 20 adapted for insertion into vertebrae are provided on the lower end of rods 12 and 14.
  • the first adjustment means 16 consists of a threaded sleeve 22 provided with a grip 24, the threaded sleeve 22 passing through connectors 26 and 28.
  • Connectors 26 and 28 are provided internally (not shown) with a left-hand screw thread and a right-hand screw thread respectively which engage the threaded sleeve 22.
  • Connectors 26 and 28 are pivotally connected to rods 12 and 14 respectively. Connector 26 pivots about point 30 and connector 28 pivots about point 32.
  • the second adjustment means 18 consists of a pair of arms 34 and 36 hingedly connected about point 38 and variation means 40.
  • the variation means 40 consists of a threaded sleeve 42 provided with a grip 44, the threaded sleeve 42 passing through engagement means 46 provided on arm 34 and engagement means 48 provided on arm 36.
  • Engagement means 46 and 48 are provided internally (not shown) with a left-hand screw thread and a right-hand screw thread respectively which engage threaded sleeve 42.
  • arm 34 includes a portion 50 which extends substantially at right angles to the remainder of arm 34.
  • arm 36 includes a portion 52 which extends substantially at right angles to the remainder of arm 36.
  • End 54 of portion 50 is connected to rod 12 such that it pivots about point 56.
  • End 58 of portion 52 is connected to rod 14 such that it pivots about point 60.
  • variation means 40 lies in a different plane to that in which rods 12 and 14 lie.
  • a serious spinal fracture generally results in abnormal alignment and shortening of the spine and compression or severing of the spinal cord.
  • the problems faced by a spinal surgeon presented with serious spinal fractures are typically:- (1) Disalignment "front to back" of the spine; (2) Disalignment "side to side” of the spine; (3) Spinal shortening through crushing of the vertebral body;
  • the spinal distractor of the present invention is used in the following manner. Firstly, the screws 20 on rods 12 and 14 are screwed through the pedicles and into the vertebral bodies of the vertebra above and below the fractured vertebra or vertebrae. So that the rods are fixed in the vertebra connection of rotation of a vertebra relative to the longitudinal axis of the spine is then achieved by movement of one of the rods in a manner such that the vertebra in which it is fixed is rotated about the longitudinal axis of the spine until the vertebra is brought into correct "rotational" alignment. The first and second adjustment means 16 and 18 are then attached to rods 12 and 14.
  • the two rods, the spine and the first adjustment means define an irregular four sided figure.
  • the distance between the ends of rods 12 and 14 is varied until rods 12 and 14 are brought parallel to each other thereby resulting in a parallelogram being defined by the rods 12 and 14, first adjustment means 16 and the spine.
  • This manipulation of adjustment means 16 and 18 also serves to pull the intact vertebra above and below the fracture the correct distance apart correcting spinal shortening.
  • first adjustment means 16 is pivoted about points 30 and 32 on rods 12 and 14 respectively and second adjustment means 18 is pivoted about points 56 and 58 the parallelogram previously formed by the rods 12 and 14, first adjustment means 16 and the spine can be converted to a rectangle producing correction of alignment.
  • first adjustment means 16 and the spine can be converted to a rectangle producing correction of alignment.
  • the "back" boarder of the crushed vertebra is squeezed backwards into the spinal canal. This may either sever the spinal cord or compress it (known as canal stenosis) which may cause serious problems to the patient. If the spinal cord is still intact at the level of the crushed vertebra removal of the vertebra compressing the spinal cord at this level is essential to prevent serious complications.
  • the spinal distractor of the present invention allows good access to the spinal canal for removal of such bone and correction of canal stenosis. Once alignment in such plane, angulation, spinal shortening and canal stenosis have been corrected by using the spinal distractor of the present invention on one side of the spine, the opposite side is then fixed in place using a variety of rod fixation systems which are well known in the art.
  • the spinal distractor of the present invention When fixing the opposite side has been achieved the spinal distractor of the present invention is removed and the side from which it was removed is also fixed with the rod system. Bone graft may then be placed so as to fuse the vertebra on either side of the damaged area.

Abstract

The present invention provides a spinal distractor (10) for use in operations following fractures of the spine. The spinal distractor (10) comprises a first (12) and second (14) rod each provided at one end with anchoring means (20) adapted for insertion into a vertebra. The rods (12, 14) are connected at the other end by a first adjustment (16) with second adjustment (18) means connecting the two rods at a point intermediate the two ends.

Description

SPINAL DISTRACTOE FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a spinal distractor which enables distraction and realignment of the spine during surgical procedures following serious spinal fracture.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Spinal operations are performed on individuals every day in an attempt to rectify the consequences associated with accidental damage to the vertebrae or spinal column. Spinal damage in the form of a fractured vertebra may result in the fractured vertebral body being squashed backwards into the spinal cord, compressing or destroying the spinal cord. If the accident is sufficiently violent the vertebral body next to the fracture may slide forward on the fractured vertebra, disturbing the normal spinal alignment and producing abnormal angulation or kyph sis of the spine.
Spinal distractors of the prior art typically consist of two oppositely threaded distractor arms mounted in a threaded sleeve. The distractor arms fit into holes drilled in the undamaged vertebral bodies above and below the fracture. The threaded sleeve interacts with the respective distractor arms by means of a left-hand screw thread at one end, and right-hand screw thread at the other. Rotation of the sleeve moves the distractor arms closer together or further apart, depending on the direction of rotation. This type of distractor allows distraction of damaged vertebral bodies, but does not permit easy realignment of the spine. Further, it is very difficult to insert and, hence, use the spinal distractor of the prior art if the fractured vertebral body is "wedged", causing a grossly abnormal angulation of the spine.
The present inventors have designed a novel spinal distractor which assists in avoiding a number of the disadvantages of the prior art spinal distractors. DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
In a first aspect the present invention consists in a spinal distractor comprising a first and a second rod, each rod being provided with anchoring means at one end thereof, said anchoring means being adapted for insertion into a vertebra; a first adjustment means extending between said first and said second rods and being pivotally connected to the other end of each of said first and said second rods; and a second adjustment means extending between said first and said second rods and being pivotally connected to a point on each of said rods intermediate the one end and the other end.
In a second aspect the present invention consists in a spinal distractor kit, said kit comprising;
(1) A first and a second rod, each of said rods being provided with an anchoring means at one end, said anchoring being adapted for insertion into a vertebra;
(2) A first adjustment means adapted for pivotal connection to the other end of the first and second rods; and
(3) A second adjustment means adapted for pivotal connection to a point on each of said rods intermediate the one end and the other end. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention the first and optionally the second adjustment means comprise a threaded sleeve which interacts with a left-hand screw thread on the first rod and a right-hand screw thread on the second rod. As will be readily envisaged, by rotation of the threaded sleeve of the first and second adjustment means it is possible to adjust the distances between the one ends of the first and second rod and the distance between the other ends of the first and second rod. In a particularly preferred embodiment of the present invention the second adjustment means comprises a pair of arms hingedly interconnected at one end, the other end of each arm being pivotally connected to one of the said first and said second rods, and variation means extending between and connected to each of the arms at a point intermediate the one end and the other end thereof, said variation means enabling the distance between the other ends of the pair of arms to be varied.
In a further preferred embodiment of this embodiment of the present invention the two rods lie in a first plane and the variation means in a second plane, with the first and second planes preferably being substantially parallel. In this embodiment it is preferred that the variation means comprises a threaded sleeve which interacts with a left-hand screw thread on one arm and a right-hand screw on the other arm. ,
In order that the nature of the present invention may be more clearly understood preferred forms thereof will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:-
Figure 1 shows a front perspective view of the spinal distractor of the present invention.
Figure 2 shows a front plan view of the spinal distractor of the present invention; and As shown in Figure 2 the spinal distractor 10 consists of a first rod 12, a second rod 14, first adjustment means 16 and second adjustment means 18. Screws 20 adapted for insertion into vertebrae are provided on the lower end of rods 12 and 14. The first adjustment means 16 consists of a threaded sleeve 22 provided with a grip 24, the threaded sleeve 22 passing through connectors 26 and 28. Connectors 26 and 28 are provided internally (not shown) with a left-hand screw thread and a right-hand screw thread respectively which engage the threaded sleeve 22. Connectors 26 and 28 are pivotally connected to rods 12 and 14 respectively. Connector 26 pivots about point 30 and connector 28 pivots about point 32.
The second adjustment means 18 consists of a pair of arms 34 and 36 hingedly connected about point 38 and variation means 40.
The variation means 40 consists of a threaded sleeve 42 provided with a grip 44, the threaded sleeve 42 passing through engagement means 46 provided on arm 34 and engagement means 48 provided on arm 36. Engagement means 46 and 48 are provided internally (not shown) with a left-hand screw thread and a right-hand screw thread respectively which engage threaded sleeve 42.
As is best shown in Figure 1 arm 34 includes a portion 50 which extends substantially at right angles to the remainder of arm 34. Similarly, arm 36 includes a portion 52 which extends substantially at right angles to the remainder of arm 36. End 54 of portion 50 is connected to rod 12 such that it pivots about point 56. End 58 of portion 52 is connected to rod 14 such that it pivots about point 60.
As is shown in Figure 1, due to portions 50 and 52 of arms 34 and 36 respectively, variation means 40 lies in a different plane to that in which rods 12 and 14 lie. In order that the nature of the present invention may more clearly be understood the operation of the spinal distractor of the present will now be described having reference to Figures 1 and 2.
A serious spinal fracture generally results in abnormal alignment and shortening of the spine and compression or severing of the spinal cord. The problems faced by a spinal surgeon presented with serious spinal fractures are typically:- (1) Disalignment "front to back" of the spine; (2) Disalignment "side to side" of the spine; (3) Spinal shortening through crushing of the vertebral body;
(4) Abnormal angulation of the spine;
(5) Rotation of a vertebra relative to the longitudinal axis of the spine; and
(6) Access to the spinal canal.
When confronted with such a situation the spinal distractor of the present invention is used in the following manner. Firstly, the screws 20 on rods 12 and 14 are screwed through the pedicles and into the vertebral bodies of the vertebra above and below the fractured vertebra or vertebrae. So that the rods are fixed in the vertebra connection of rotation of a vertebra relative to the longitudinal axis of the spine is then achieved by movement of one of the rods in a manner such that the vertebra in which it is fixed is rotated about the longitudinal axis of the spine until the vertebra is brought into correct "rotational" alignment. The first and second adjustment means 16 and 18 are then attached to rods 12 and 14.
As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, at this stage the two rods, the spine and the first adjustment means define an irregular four sided figure. By rotation of the threaded sleeves 22 and 42 the distance between the ends of rods 12 and 14 is varied until rods 12 and 14 are brought parallel to each other thereby resulting in a parallelogram being defined by the rods 12 and 14, first adjustment means 16 and the spine. This corrects angulation. This manipulation of adjustment means 16 and 18 also serves to pull the intact vertebra above and below the fracture the correct distance apart correcting spinal shortening.
As the first adjustment means 16 is pivoted about points 30 and 32 on rods 12 and 14 respectively and second adjustment means 18 is pivoted about points 56 and 58 the parallelogram previously formed by the rods 12 and 14, first adjustment means 16 and the spine can be converted to a rectangle producing correction of alignment. Commonly, as a result of the injury the "back" boarder of the crushed vertebra is squeezed backwards into the spinal canal. This may either sever the spinal cord or compress it (known as canal stenosis) which may cause serious problems to the patient. If the spinal cord is still intact at the level of the crushed vertebra removal of the vertebra compressing the spinal cord at this level is essential to prevent serious complications. The spinal distractor of the present invention allows good access to the spinal canal for removal of such bone and correction of canal stenosis. Once alignment in such plane, angulation, spinal shortening and canal stenosis have been corrected by using the spinal distractor of the present invention on one side of the spine, the opposite side is then fixed in place using a variety of rod fixation systems which are well known in the art.
When fixing the opposite side has been achieved the spinal distractor of the present invention is removed and the side from which it was removed is also fixed with the rod system. Bone graft may then be placed so as to fuse the vertebra on either side of the damaged area.
From the foregoing description, it should be apparent that the invention encompasses an advantageous advance in the art. Further it should be clear that the invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit of the essential characteristics thereof. The present embodiments are, therefore, to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive.

Claims

CLAIMS :
1. A spinal distractor comprising a first and second rod each rod being provided with anchoring means at one end thereof, said anchoring means being adapted for insertion into a vertebra; a first adjustment means extending between said first and said second rods and being pivotally connected to the other end of each of said first and said second rods; and a second adjustment means extending between said first and said second rods and being pivotally connected to a point on each of said rods intermediate the one end and the other end.
2. A spinal distractor as claimed in Claim 1 in which the first adjustment means comprises a threaded sleeve engaging a left-hand screw thread at one end and a right-hand screw thread at the other end.
3. A spinal distractor as claimed in Claim 1 in which said first and second adjustment means comprise a threaded sleeve engaging a left-hand screw thread at one end and a right-hand screw thread at the other end.
4. A spinal distractor as claimed in Claim 1 or 2 in which the second adjustment means comprises a pair of arms hingedly interconnected at one end, each arm pivotally being connected to one of said first and said second rods at the other end; and variation means extending between each of the arms at a point intermediate the one end and the other end, said variation means enabling the distance between the other ends of the pair of arms to be varied.
5. A spinal distractor as claimed in Claim 4 in which the said two rods lie in a first plane and the variation means lies in a second plane.
6. A spinal distractor as claimed in Claim 5 in which said first plane and said second plane are substantially parallel.
7. A spinal distractor as claimed in any one of claims 4-6 in which the variation means comprises a threaded sleeve which interacts with a left-hand screw thread on one arm and a righ-hand screw thread on the other arm.
8. A spinal distractor kit, said kit comprising:-
(1) A first and a second rod, each rod being provided with anchoring means at one end thereof, said anchoring means being adapted for insertion into a vertebra;
(2) A first adjustment means adapted for pivotal connection to the other end of each of said first and said second rods; and
(3) A second adjustment means adapted for pivotal connection to said first and said second rods at a point on each of said rods intermediate the one end and the other end.
9. A kit as claimed in Claim 8 in which said first adjustment means comprises a threaded sleeve engaging a left-hand screw thread at one end and a right-hand screw thread at the other end.
10. A kit as claimed in Claim 8 in which said first and said second adjustment means each comprises a threaded sleeve engaging a right-hand screw thread at one end and a left-hand screw thread at the other end.
11. A kit as claimed in Claim 8 or 9 in which the second adjustment means comprises a pair of arms hingedly interconnected at one end, each arm being adapted for pivotal connection to one of the said first and said second rods at the other end; and variation means extending between and connected to each of the arms at a point intermediate the one end and the other end, said variation means enabling the distance between the other ends of the pair of arms to be varied.
12. A kit as claimed in claim 11 in which the variation means comprises a threaded sleeve which interacts with a left-hand screw thread on one arm and a right-hand screw thread on the other arm.
13. A spinal distractor substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
PCT/AU1989/000387 1988-09-09 1989-09-11 Spinal distractor WO1990002527A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AUPJ035288 1988-09-09
AUPJ0352 1988-09-09

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WO1990002527A1 true WO1990002527A1 (en) 1990-03-22

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EP0499037A2 (en) * 1991-02-15 1992-08-19 Pfizer Hospital Products Group, Inc. Spinal fixator reduction frame
EP0528177A2 (en) 1991-08-17 1993-02-24 Aesculap Ag Internal fixator for the correction of a lumbar spondyldisthesis
WO1995005784A1 (en) * 1993-08-27 1995-03-02 Fairant, Paulette Ancillary equipment for fixing rachidian instrumentation
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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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