WO1990008155A1 - Biologically reversible phosphate and phosphonate protective groups - Google Patents
Biologically reversible phosphate and phosphonate protective groups Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1990008155A1 WO1990008155A1 PCT/US1989/005766 US8905766W WO9008155A1 WO 1990008155 A1 WO1990008155 A1 WO 1990008155A1 US 8905766 W US8905766 W US 8905766W WO 9008155 A1 WO9008155 A1 WO 9008155A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- dideoxyuridine
- dideoxycytidin
- fluoro
- methyl
- group
- Prior art date
Links
- 0 CC(CCO1)OP1(*)=O Chemical compound CC(CCO1)OP1(*)=O 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07H—SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
- C07H19/00—Compounds containing a hetero ring sharing one ring hetero atom with a saccharide radical; Nucleosides; Mononucleotides; Anhydro-derivatives thereof
- C07H19/02—Compounds containing a hetero ring sharing one ring hetero atom with a saccharide radical; Nucleosides; Mononucleotides; Anhydro-derivatives thereof sharing nitrogen
- C07H19/04—Heterocyclic radicals containing only nitrogen atoms as ring hetero atom
- C07H19/06—Pyrimidine radicals
- C07H19/10—Pyrimidine radicals with the saccharide radical esterified by phosphoric or polyphosphoric acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic System
- C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
- C07F9/06—Phosphorus compounds without P—C bonds
- C07F9/08—Esters of oxyacids of phosphorus
- C07F9/09—Esters of phosphoric acids
- C07F9/091—Esters of phosphoric acids with hydroxyalkyl compounds with further substituents on alkyl
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic System
- C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
- C07F9/06—Phosphorus compounds without P—C bonds
- C07F9/08—Esters of oxyacids of phosphorus
- C07F9/09—Esters of phosphoric acids
- C07F9/12—Esters of phosphoric acids with hydroxyaryl compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic System
- C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
- C07F9/547—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom
- C07F9/645—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom having two nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- C07F9/6509—Six-membered rings
- C07F9/6512—Six-membered rings having the nitrogen atoms in positions 1 and 3
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07H—SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
- C07H19/00—Compounds containing a hetero ring sharing one ring hetero atom with a saccharide radical; Nucleosides; Mononucleotides; Anhydro-derivatives thereof
- C07H19/02—Compounds containing a hetero ring sharing one ring hetero atom with a saccharide radical; Nucleosides; Mononucleotides; Anhydro-derivatives thereof sharing nitrogen
- C07H19/04—Heterocyclic radicals containing only nitrogen atoms as ring hetero atom
- C07H19/16—Purine radicals
- C07H19/20—Purine radicals with the saccharide radical esterified by phosphoric or polyphosphoric acids
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
- Y02P20/55—Design of synthesis routes, e.g. reducing the use of auxiliary or protecting groups
Definitions
- antimetabolites used in the treatment of cancer require intracellular conversion to the corresponding 5'-mono-, di-, or tri-phosphates in order to exert cytotoxicity.
- resistance to these agents frequently correlates with the deletion or decreased activity of enzymes that convert the administered drugs to the 5'-mononucleotides.
- R 1 can be hydrogen; alkyl, alkaryl, or aryl
- R 1 is most preferably an alkyl, alkaryl, or aryl hydrocarbon having from 1-6 carbon atoms; or N(CH 3 ) 2 .
- Specific preferred examples are H, CH 3 , CH 2 CH 3 , CH(CH 3 ) 2 , and C(CH 3 ) 3 .
- composition 12 can.
- Carboxylate esterase degrades the protected composition 12, either before or after cell penetration, and produces an unstable intermediate 13.
- the intermediate 13 spontaneously ring opens to form its aldehydo tautomer 14.
- the tautomer 14 spontaneously eliminates acrolein to give the parent ionic phosphate 11.
- the bis(acetoxymethyl) phosphate A is solvolyzed to form an intermediate B, which spontaneously eliminates formaldehyde.
- a mono(acetoxymethyl) phosphate C results, and is further demasked to a next intermediate D and the parent phosphate E by repetition of the same steps.
- a labile intermediate was detected in some solutions by HPLC, but was not characterized.
- Example 9 Mono(acyloxymethyl) esters of uracil 2',3'-dideoxynucleotides and substituted analogues.
Abstract
Protective groups are provided which are suitable for masking phosphates and phosphonates. The protected compositions can be introduced in a biological system and then demasked under certain biological conditions. This method permits phosphates and phosphonates which would themselves degrade in the biological system and therefore be ineffective to be introduced in a protected form and later released under the proper conditions.
Description
BIOLOGICALLY REVERSIBLE PHOSPHATE
AND PHOSPHONATE PROTECTIVE GROUPS
This patent application is a continuation-in-part of Serial No. 848,781, filed on April 4, 1986, which was a continuation-in-part of Serial No. 445,653, filed on November 30, 1982, now abandoned. Both of those
documents are incorporated here by reference.
This invention relates to the use of biologically reversible protective groups in medicinal chemistry.
More particularly, it relates to providing ionic
phosphate and phosphonate compounds intracellularly in biological systems through the use of biologically reversible protective groups.
Bioreversible protective groups and their uses are well-known in medicinal chemistry. Some compounds that are potentially useful in biological systems cannot be directly provided in those systems, because they will be rapidly decomposed or are otherwise incompatible with that biological environment in a way that renders them ineffective. However, when this type of compound is derivatized with protective groups, the composite product usually has different physical and chemical properties than the parent. These modified properties can make the product suitable for introduction into certain biological environments that its parent is not. If the protective groups are later removed under biological conditions, the parent compound is left to perform its useful function.
This general method has a number of applications. For example, if the parent is unstable under the relevant biological conditions, it can be derivatized with
protective groups which will create a more stable
product. The protective groups can be selected so that they will be removed under predetermined biological conditions that exist at the site in the system where the parent is needed.
One area where this concept has apparently not yet been applied with satisfactory results is in the
manipulation of phosphate and phosphonate compounds.
These compounds, particularly phosphomonoesters and phosphodiesters, play a key role in cellular metabolism. They are involved in almost every metabolic sequence, including the synthesis of carbohydrates, lipids, amino acids, proteins, nucleotides and nucleic acids. One logical way to regulate these metabolic processes is to inhibit intracellular phosphate metabolizing enzymes by using structurally analogous phosphates. These
phosphoesters have very substantial therapeutic
potential, but thus far they have not been practically useful, because they usually cannot penetrate cell membranes.
There are two reasons for this penetration problem. First, these phosphoesters are negatively charged at physiologic pH and are highly hydrophilic. Consequently, they are chemically incompatible with lipid membranes. Second, most of these compounds are rapidly degraded by enzymes in the blood and on cell surfaces.
As an example, most purine and pyrimidine
antimetabolites used in the treatment of cancer require intracellular conversion to the corresponding 5'-mono-, di-, or tri-phosphates in order to exert cytotoxicity.
In experimental tumors, resistance to these agents frequently correlates with the deletion or decreased activity of enzymes that convert the administered drugs to the 5'-mononucleotides.
These problems have been recognized since about 1955. A number of attempts have been made to overcome them by using protective groups to change the phosphates into neutral, lipophilic derivatives which could resist the blood and cell surface enzymes. These derivatives would theoretically enter the target cells and then be demasked. This has apparently never been satisfactorily achieved in practice. Prior art masked phosphates have basically proved to be biologically inert. This is believed to be attributable to their failure to demask under biological conditions.
Thus, there remains a need for means to provide useful phosphates and phosphonates intracellularly. For this goal to be achieved through the use of protective groups, the masked phosphate must not be degraded by blood or cell surface enzymes and the protective groups must be removed under the biological conditions that exist in the target cells.
Bioreversibly protected phosphate or phosphonate compositions in accordance with the present invention use either of two types of protective groups that can be cleared by enzymes known to exist in the body.
("Bioreversibly protected phosphate or phosphonate composition" is used in this specification and the appended claims to refer to a parent phosphate or
phosphonate which has been derivatized with a protective group or groups.) When a phosphate is derivatized with the first type of protective group, the protected
When a phosphonate is derivatized with the first type of protective group, the protected composition has the formula:
hydrocarbon, or an organic derivative thereof (e.g., nitroalkyl, haloalkyl, aminoalkyl, carboxyalkyl,
nitroaryl, haloaryl, aminoaryl, carboxyaryl, etc.); or amine. R1 is preferably an alkyl, alkaryl, or aryl hydrocarbon having from 1-10 carbon atoms; or an amine having the formula NR4R5, where R4 and R5 are
independently hydrogen or an alkyl hydrocarbon having from 1-10 carbon atoms. R1 is most preferably an alkyl, alkaryl, or aryl hydrocarbon having from 1-6 carbon atoms; or N(CH3)2. R2, part of the parent phosphate or phosphonate, can be any organic or inorganic residue, such as a sugar, nucleoside, lipid, amino acid or polypeptide. R2 is preferably hydrogen; an alkyl, alkaryl, aryl or
alkoxycarbonyl hydrocarbon; or a nucleoside such as a 2'-deoxynucleoside.
When a phosphate or phosphonate is derivatized with the second type of protective group, the protected composition has the formula:
R1 can be hydrogen, alkyl hydrocarbons having 1-10 carbons, alkaryl or aryl hydrocarbons having 6-10 carbons, or organic derivatives thereof, or amine. When R1 is an amine it preferably has the formula NR4R5, where R4 and R5 are independently hydrogen or an alkyl
hydrocarbon having from 1-10 carbon atoms. R1 is most preferably an alkyl, alkaryl, or aryl hydrocarbon having from 1-6 carbon atoms; or N(CH3)2. Specific preferred examples are H, CH3, CH2CH3, CH(CH3)2, and C(CH3)3.
R3 is hydrogen or an alkyl hydrocarbon having 1-3 carbons, preferably hydrogen or a methyl group. X1 is selected from the group consisting of H and R1COOCR3*I822*2, while X2 is selected from the group consisting of R2 and OR2. R2, part of the parent phosphate or phosphonate, again can be any organic or inorganic residue, such as a sugar, nucleoside, lipid, amino acid or polypeptide. R2 is preferably selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl hydrocarbons having 1-10 carbons, aryl and alkaryl hydrocarbons having 6-10 carbons, and
nucleosides.
R2 substituents that are particularly useful include uracil 2',3'-dideoxynucleosides, cytosine 2',3'-dideoxynucleosides, purine 2',3'-dideoxynucleosides, and pyrimidine acyclic nucleosides.
Both types of protected compositions are resistant to the blood and cell surface enzymes that degrade the
parent phosphates. Furthermore, they both demask under biological conditions, so that at least some of the parent phosphates or phosphonates will be able to perform their desired intracellular functions.
The demasking mechanism is believed to be slightly different for the two types of protected compositions. For the first type, it appears to begin with the
degradation of the protected phosphate or phosphonate to an unstable intermediate by carboxylate esterase. Cell-penetration may occur before or after this step.
However, once the parent compound is completely demasked, it is once again unable to penetrate cell membranes. The unstable intermediate spontaneously ring opens to form its aldehydo tautomer. Next, the tautomer spontaneously eliminates acrolein, leaving the parent phosphate or phosphonate.
The demasking mechanism for the second type also appears to begin with degradation by carboxylate
esterase, this time forming an unstable first
intermediate. The first intermediate spontaneously eliminates an aldehyde or ketone to create a second intermediate, which is in turn degraded by carboxylate esterase to form an unstable third intermediate. The third intermediate spontaneously eliminates another aldehyde or ketone, leaving the parent phosphate or phosphonate. As with the first type, cell-penetration can be before or after degradation begins, but must be before the phosphate or phosphonate is completely
demasked.
With either type of protective group, some of the protected compositions may break down outside cell membranes. However, at least some of the phosphates or phosphonates should be released within the target cells where they can be used for a variety of purposes.
One species of the second type of protective group, acyloxymethyl radicals, has been used in the past to mask carboxylic acids. However, neither they nor the first type have apparently ever been used in conjunction with phosphates or phosphonates.
The R1 and R3 substituents on these two types of protective groups can be modified to give the masked
composition almost any desired physical or chemical property. By thus controlling the properties of the protected composition, variables such as location and rate of demasking can be controlled. This method has potential applications in modulating biochemical
pathways, abrogating metabolic deficiencies,
circumventing resistance to anticancer drugs and
developing new anticancer, antiviral, and antiparasitic drugs. In accordance with the present invention:
Figure 1 shows the demasking mechanism believed to occur for the first type of phosphate protective group; and
Figure 2 shows the demasking mechanism believed to occur for the second type of phosphate protective group.
The present invention relates to protective groups that can be used to mask phosphates or phosphonates. The protected composition demasks under biological
conditions, thus leaving the parent phosphate or
phosphonate available for reaction. This method has potential medical applications with any phosphate or phosphonate which has a therapeutic effect. (As used in this application and the appended claims, "therapeutic effect" means the diagnosis, cure, mitigation, treatment.
or prevention of disease in man or other animals, or an effect on the structure or any function of the body of man or other animals.) One type of protective group and a method for its use is shown in Figure 1. A parent phosphate 11 is derivatized with the first type of protective group to form a bioreversibly protected composition 12. The R1 and R2 substituents on this composition can be as
previously described.
The protected composition 12 is introduced into a biological system. While the parent phosphate 11 could not penetrate cell membranes 10, the protected
composition 12 can. Carboxylate esterase degrades the protected composition 12, either before or after cell penetration, and produces an unstable intermediate 13. The intermediate 13 spontaneously ring opens to form its aldehydo tautomer 14. The tautomer 14 spontaneously eliminates acrolein to give the parent ionic phosphate 11.
The mechanism would be the same for a protected phosphonate.
A second type of protective group and its use are shown in Figure 2. A parent phosphate 21 is derivatized with the second type of protective group to form a protected composition 22. R1, R2, and R3 can be as previously described. The protected composition 22 is capable of penetrating cell membranes 20, and can do so before or after degradation begins.
Carboxylate esterase degrades the protected
composition 22 to an unstable first intermediate 23. The first intermediate 23 then spontaneously eliminates an aldehyde or ketone to create a second intermediate 24.
Carboxylate esterase degrades the second intermediate 24 to given an unstable third intermediate 25. This
substance spontaneously loses an aldehyde or ketone, leaving the parent phosphate 21.
The mechanism would be the same for a protected phosphonate.
Several tests have been performed with both types of protected compositions. These protected compositions have proved to be biologically active, unlike the prior art masked phosphates. The stabilities of these
protected compositions were determined in aqueous
buffered solutions having pH ranging from 1 to 10, and also under selected biological conditions. Except for the acetoxymethyl derivatives of the second type, these phosphoesters were relatively stable in a neutral
environment. They reverted to their parent compounds in acidic or basic media.
The derivatization reaction for both types of protected compositions can be carried out in a number of ways. Several possibilities are described below.
Example 1 concerns the first type of protected
composition and the remainder of the examples concern the second type.
Example 1 A solution of acrolein (6.72g, 8.01 ml) in anhydrous chloroform (50 ml) was cooled to 5°C in an ice bath. Dry hydrogen bromide gas was then introduced with stirring until the solution was saturated. Pivaloyl bromide
(28.6g) was added, followed by 0.2g of zinc chloride, and the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 5 days. The crude reaction product was directly
fractionated to yield 16.4g of 1,3-dibromo-1-
pivaloyloxypropane. The boiling point of this product was 85°C at 1.5 mm Hg.
Anhydrous sodium iodide (1.24g, 0.0082 mole) was dissolved in dry acetone (25 ml), and the solution was treated dropwise with stirring under a dry nitrogen atmosphere with a solution of the 1,3-dibromo-1-pivaloyloxypropane (1.00g, 0.0033 mole) in acetone (3.0 ml). After stirring at ambient temperature for 3 hours, the reaction mixture was poured into dry hexane (150 ml).
Insoluble salts were removed by filtration, under nitrogen, through a bed of diatomaceous earth. The yellow filtrate was concentrated on a rotary evaporator at less than 30°C. The remaining oil was taken up in dry hexane (30 ml) and again filtered to remove some
insoluble residue. The solution was concentrated as described above to give 1.40g of a light yellow oil. On attempted distillation this product underwent extensive decomposition. Since the IR, NMR and MS of the compound were consistent with the anticipated structure, and since the compound gave satisfactory elemental analytical data, it was used in subsequent reactions without further purification.
Next a solution of the 1,3 diiodo-1-pivaloyloxypropane (1.4g) in dry ethylene glycol dimethyl ether (10 ml) was added with stirring under a dry
nitrogen atmosphere to a solution of
bis(tetrabutylammonium)phenyl phosphate (2.17g, 0.0033 mole) in dry ethylene glycol dimethyl ether (200 ml). (Thus, R2 was C6H5.) The reaction mixture was refluxed for 2 hours and then cooled to room temperature and filtered through a sintered glass funnel.
After removal of solvent on a rotary evaporator at
less than 80°C, the residual oil was preadsorbed on drycolumn silica gel (20g) which was then transferred to a 30" × 1" column of the same adsorbent. The column was developed with ethyl acetate-hexane (80/20, v/v).
Product bands were located by inspection under UV light (254 nm). The products were eluted from the silica gel with chloroform and further purified by chromatography on two thick-layer silica plates (20 cm × 20 cm × 2 mm). The products, which were obtained as viscous oils, were shown by MS and NMR to be stereoisomers (arising from the presence of two chiral centers in the molecule at
positions 2 and 4). The total yield for the four isomers was 210 mg. Although the product was stable in organic solvents or aqueous buffers, it was quantitatively converted to phenyl phosphate when treated with strong acids or bases. Similarly, the product reverted to phenyl phosphate when incubated at 37°C for 30 minutes with mouse plasma.
This synthesis can be summarized as follows:
This procedure was later repeated using
bis(tetrabutylammonium) benzyl phosphate, i.e., with the R2 substituent being C6H5CH2.
Example 2
A disilver phosphate was obtained from the
corresponding disodium salt by reaction with silver
nitrate in water. The disilver phosphate was reacted with a 2.5 molar excess of an iodomethyl ester in anhydrous benzene at room temperature for about 5 hours. The product was a bis(acyloxymethyl) phosphate. Several runs of this reaction were performed.
This synthesis can be summarized as follows:
In this run, the R2 substituent of the parent phosphate was C6H5 and the R1 substituent of the
protective group was CH3. The product of this reaction was bis(acetoxymethyl) phenyl phosphate and the yield was 5%.
The protected product was stable in neutral aprotic solvents such as benzene, diethyl ether and ethyl
acetate. However, in protonic solvents such as ethanol, water or 0.05 M potassium phosphate buffer (pH 7.4), it was slowly converted to mono(acetoxymethyl) phenyl phosphate. The half-life was greater than 4 hours.
These solutions were analyzed by (HPLC) high
performance liquid chromatography (Waters model ALC 204). The disappearance of the bis (acyloxymethyl) phosphate was monitored by reversed-phase chromatography on a column of μ Bondapak-C18 (30 cm × 4 mm i.d., 10μm; Waters Assoc., Milford, Mass.) using solutions of 0.01 M potassium
phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) with methanol as the mobile phase (typically 25-50% alcohol).
The mechanism for this change is probably as shown below.
The bis(acetoxymethyl) phosphate A is solvolyzed to form an intermediate B, which spontaneously eliminates formaldehyde. A mono(acetoxymethyl) phosphate C results, and is further demasked to a next intermediate D and the parent phosphate E by repetition of the same steps. A labile intermediate was detected in some solutions by HPLC, but was not characterized.
The formation of intermediate B and
mono(acetoxymethyl) phosphate C was monitored by ionpair chromatography on μ Bondapak-C using the same buffer
system as described above, except that tetrabutylammonium hydroxide was added to a concentration 2 × 10-3 M, or by anion-exchange chromatography on a column of Partisil SAX (25 cm x 4.6 mm i.d., 10 μm; Whatman) using a linear gradient of 0.01-0.1 M potassium phosphate buffer (pH
6.5) as an eluent. The flow rates for these analyses and the ones described above ranged from 1.0 to 2.0 ml/min. The column effluents were monitored at 254 nm with a Schoeffel model 450 UV detector, and the concentrations were determined by comparison of the peak areas with those of reference standards.
When the bis(acetoxymethyl) phenyl phosphate was incubated at a concentration of 65 micrograms per
milliliter at 37°C in 0.05 M potassium phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) with either hog liver carboxylate esterase
(obtained from Sigma Chemicals, St. Louis, Mo.) (E.C. No. 3.1.1.1., 8 milligrams protein per milliliter) or mouse plasma (50% by volume) it was rapidly degraded, first to the mono(acetoxymethyl) analog, and then to the parent phenyl phosphate. The half-life was less than 15
minutes. (At appropriate intervals, aliquots (100 μl) of the incubation mixtures were diluted with 3 volumes of methanol and then agitated for 1 minute on a Vortex shaker. The precipitated protein was separated by centrifugation at 10,000xg for 5 minutes, and the
supernatants were analyzed by HPLC as described above.)
Example 3
In this case iodomethyl pivaloate was used (i.e., R1 was C(CH3)3). Preparation was otherwise the same as in Example 2. The product, bis(pivaloyloxymethyl) phenyl phosphate, was produced with a 54% yield.
This phosphotriester was much more resistant to both chemical and enzymatic hydrolysis than the protected
composition of Example 1. It was stable in protonic solvents and had a half-life of about 5 hours when incubated with mouse plasma under the same conditions as in Example 2. This demonstrates that the acyl
substituent has a substantial effect on the rate of hydrolysis.
Example 4 Disilverbenzyl phosphate was reacted with iodomethyl pivaloate. The product was bis(pivaloyloxymethyl) benzyl phosphate. Catalytic hydrogenolysis of this product over 5% Pd-C in cyclohexane gave the corresponding monobasic acid. This acid was isolated in its cyclohexyl ammonium salt form.
Successive ion exchange of the salt on Dowex 50 Na+ and Dowex 50 Ag+ produced silver bis(pivaloyloxymethyl) phosphate. This compound is very useful in synthesizing other bis(acyloxymethyl) phosphoesters. For example, when reacted with benzyl bromide or methyl iodide in benzene at room temperature for about 5 hours, the corresponding benzyl and methyl phosphotriesters are produced in nearly quantitative yield.
The synthesis of this example can be summarized as follows:
Example 5
The silver diester product of Example 4 was reacted with 5'-deoxy-5'-iodo-3'-O-acetylthymidine, as shown below.
The R substituent shown was a methyl group. The reaction was carried out under reflux for about 5 hours. Bis(pivaloyloxymethyl) 3'-O-acethythymidine- 5'-phosphate was produced in 39% yield.
Example 6
Example 5 was repeated with the R substituent changed to fluorine (i.e., 2',5-dideoxy-5'-iodo-3'-O- acetyl-5-fluorouridine). There was a 15% yield of this product. This composition prevented the growth of
Chinese hamster ovary cells in culture at a concentration of 5.0 × 10-6 M [5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine (5-FUdR) control, 1.0 × 10-6 M].
Example 7
Several bis(acyloxymethyl) esters of 5-fluoro-2'- deoxyuridine-5" phosphate (5-FdUMP) were prepared through condensation of 5-FUdR or 3'-O-acetyl-5-FUdR with
bis(acyloxymethyl) phosphates. One in particular,
5-FUdR-(3'-OCOCH3)- 5'-O-[P(O)(OCH2OCOC(CH3)3)2], was incubated at 3°C with mouse plasma and hog liver carboxylate esterase. The acyloxymethyl groups and the 3'-acetyl group were successively cleaved to give 5- FdUMP. When the bis (acyloxymethyl) ester was tested, it prevented the growth of Chinese hamster ovary cells in culture at a concentration of 1 × 10-6 M. It also proved active against P388 leukemia which is resistant to 5- fluorouracil.
* * *
Other groups of compounds in accordance with the present invention include the following:
A. Bis(acyloxymethyl) esters of uracil 2',3'-dideoxynucleotides and substituted analogues.
B. Mono(acyloxymethyl) esters of uracil 2',3'-dideoxynucleotides and substituted analogues.
C. Bis(acyloxymethyl) esters of cytosine 2',3'-dideoxynucleotides and substituted analogues.
D. Mono(acyloxymethyl) esters of cytosine 2',3'-dideoxynucleotides and substituted analogues.
E. Mono(acyloxymethyl) esters of purine 2',3'-dideoxynucleotides and substituted analogues.
F. Mono(acyloxymethyl) and bis (acyloxymethyl) esters of pyrimidine acyclic nucleotides.
Such compounds will be discussed in more detail in
Examples 8-14.
Example 8
Bis(acyloxymethyl) esters of uracil 2',3' -dideoxynucleotides and substituted analogues.
Compound R1 R2
I 1 (CH3)3C 2',3'-dideoxyuridine-5'-yl
I 2 (CH3)2CH 2',3'-dideoxyuridine- 5'-yl
I 3 CH3CH2 2',3 -dideoxyuridine- 5'-yl
I 4 CH3 2',3 -dideoxyuridine-5'-yl
I 5 (CH3)3C 2'-fluoro-2',3 -dideoxyuridine- 5'-yl
I 6 (CH3)3C 3'-fluoro-2',3 -dideoxyuridine- 5'-yl
I 7 (CH3)3C 3'-azido-2',3 -dideoxyuridine- 5'-yl
I 8 (CH3)3C 3'-amino-2 ,3 -dideoxyuridine- 5'-yl
I 9 (CH3)3C 5-chloro-2',3 -dideoxyuridine-5'-yl
I 10 (CH3)3C 5-bromo-2',3 -dideoxyuridine- 5'-yl
I 11 (CH3)3C 5-iodo-2',3'-dideo-xyuridine-
5 ' -yl
I 12 (CH3) 3C 5-methyl-2',3'-dideoxyuridine-5'-yl
I 13 (CH3)3C 5-methyl-3'-fluoro-2',3'-dideoxyuridine-5'-yl
I 14 (CH3)3C 5-methyl-3,-azido-2,,3,-dideoxyuridine-5'-yl
I 15 (CH3)3C 5-methyl-3'-amino-2',3'-dideoxyuridine-5'-yl
I 16 (CH3)3C 5-ethyl-2,3'-dideoxyuridine-5'-yl
I 17 (CH3)3C 5-propyl-2',3'-dideoxyuridine-5'-yl The starting dideoxynucleotides were prepared as described in P. Herdewijn, J. Balzarini, E. DeClercq, R. Pauwels, B. Masanori, S. Broder, H. Vanderhaeghe, "3'-substituted 2',3'-Dideoxynucleoside Analogs as Potential Anti-HIV (HTLV-III/LAV) Agents," J. Med.
Chem. 30, 1270-8 (1987); and references therein.
Except for the 3-amino analogues 8 and 16, all of the compounds were synthesized by condensing the parent nucleosides with the appropriate bis(acyloxymethyl) phosphate in dimethylformamide in the presence of triphenylphosphine/diethyl azodicarboxylate as
described above; a brief account of the procedure is given below. The 3-amino analogues 8 and 16 were prepared by catalytic reduction of the 3-azido
analogues 7 and 15 over Pd/C by conventional
hydrogenation techniques. T. A. Krenitsky, G. A.
Freeman, S. R. Shaver, et al, "3'-Amino-2', 3'- dideoxyribonucleosides of Some Pyrimidines; Synthesis and Biological Activities," J. Med. Chem. 26, 891-895 (1983).
The nucleoside analogue (1.0 mmol),
triphenylphosphine (0.60 g, 2.28 mmol) and
bis(pivaloyloxymethyl) phosphate (0.5 g, 5.5 mmol) were dissolved in dimethylacetamide (10 mL) contained in a 15 mL round-bottom flask. A solution of diethyl azodicarboxylate (0.40 g, 2.29 mmol) in
dimethylacetamide (2 mL) was added dropwise over 30 minutes, and the mixture was allowed to stir for 3 days at ambient temperature. The solution was evaporated in vacuo then the residue was taken up in chloroform, filtered, and chromatographed on a column of silica (Merck, 230-400 mesh; ca. 10 g) using ethyl
acetate/hexane (typically 70:30) as eluent. Fractions of 5 mL were collected. Aliquots of each fraction were analyzed by ascending TLC on silica-coated glass plates (silica gel 60 F 254, Merck) using CHCl3-MeOH
(typically 1-10% MeOH) as the eluting solvent.
Chromatograms were visualized under a UV lamp (254 nm). Compounds containing an acyloxymethyl group were identified by spraying the plates with a 0.25% solution of Purpald in 0.5 N NaOH solution and heating in an oven at 85°C for 5 min. The formaldehyde liberated from the acyloxymethyl groups reacted with the spray reagent to form purple spots against a white
background. All of the products were obtained as viscous colorless oils.
Example 9 Mono(acyloxymethyl) esters of uracil 2',3'-dideoxynucleotides and substituted analogues.
II 1 (CH3)3C 2',3'-dideoxyuridine-5' yl
II 2 (CH3)2CH 2',3'-dideoxyuridine- 5'-yl
II 3 CH3CH2 2',3'-dideoxyuridine- 5'-yi
II 4 CH3 2',3'-dideoxyuridine- 5'-yl
II 5 (CH3)3C 2'-fluoro-2',3'-dideoxyuridine- 5'-yl
II 6 (CH3)3C 3'-fluoro-2',3'-dideoxyuridine- 5'- -yl
II 7 (CH3)3C 3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxyuridine- 5'-yl
II 8 (CH3)3C 3'-amino-2,3'-dideoxyuridine-5'-yl
II 9 (CH3)3C 5-chloro-2',3'-dideoxyuridine-5'-yl
II 10(CH3)3C 5-bromo-2',3'-dideoxyuridine- 5'-yl
II 11(CH3)3C 5-iodo-2',3'-dideoxyuridine- 5'-yl
II 12(CH3)3C 5-methyl-2',3'-dideoxyuridine-
5'-yl
II 13(CH3)3C5-methyl-3'-fluoro-2',3'-dideoxyuridine-5'-yl
II 14(CH3)3C 5-methyl-3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxyuridine-5'-yl
II 15(CH3)3C 5-methyl-3'-amino-2',3'-dideoxyuridine-5'-yl
II 16(CH3)3C 5-ethyl-2,3'-dideoxyuridine-5'-yl
II 17(CH3)3C 5-propyl-2',3'-dideoxyuridine-5'-yl
All of the compounds except for 8 and 16 were prepared from the parent nucleosides by condensation with mono(pivaloyloxymethyl) phosphate in pyridine in the presence of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide as described below. Compounds 8 and 16 were prepared by catalytic reduction of the 3-azido analogues 7 and 15 over Pd/C. T. A.
Krenitsky, G. A. Freeman, S. R. Shaver, et al, "3'-Amino-2',3'-dideoxyribonucleosides of some Pyrimidines;
Synthesis and Biological Activities," J. Med. Chem. 26, 891-895 (1983).
The nucleoside (1 mmol) was dried by repeated evaporation from pyridine (5 × 5 mL). It was then taken up in pyridine (5 mL) and the solution was cooled to 5ºC. Monopivaloyloxymethyl phosphate (0.25 g, 1.2 mmol) was added followed by dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (0.25 g, 1.2 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at room
temperature for 3 days then concentrated in vacuo at < 30°C to remove pyridine. Water (5.0 mL) was added then the solution was adjusted to pH 7.0 with acetic acid.
The mixture was stirred for 10 minutes then the
precipitated dicyclohexylurea was filtered off. The filtrate was passed through a column of Dowex 50 cation-exchange resin in the H+ form and the eluent was
immediately frozen and lyophilized. The residual gum was purified by chromatography on a thick layer of silica (20 cm × 20 cm × 2 mm) using chloroform-methanol (typically 3:1) as eluent. The products were isolated as viscous colorless oils.
Example 10
III
Compound R1
III 1 (CH3)3C 2',3'-dideoxycytidin-5'- yl
III 2 (CH3)3C 2'-fluoro-2',3'-dideoxycytidin-5'- yl
III 3 (CH3)3C 3'-fluoro-2',3'-dideoxycytidin- 5'-yl
III 4 (CH3)3C 3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxycytidin-5'- yl
III 5 (CH3)3C 5-fluoro-2',3'-dideoxycytidin- 5'-yl
III 6 (CH3)3C 5-chloro-2',3'-dideoxycytidin-5'-yl
III 7 (CH3)3C 5-bromo-2',3'-dideoxycytidin- 5'-yl
III 8 (CH3)3C 5-iodo-2,3'-dideoxycytidin- 5'-yl
III 9 (CH3)3C 5-methyl-2',3'-dideoxycytidin- 5'-yl
III 10 (CH3)3C 5-methyl-3'-fluoro-2',3'-dideoxycytidin- 5'-yl
III 11 (CH3)3C 5-methyl-3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxycytidin- 5'-yl
These dideoxycytidine nucleotide esters were prepared by coupling the parent N-carbobenzyloxy
nucleoside with bis(pivaloyloxymethyl) phosphate in the presence of triphenyl phosphine and diethyl
azodicarboxylate as described for the uracil analogues.
I, above. The 4-amino groups were protected as their N- carbobenzyloxy derivatives as described for cytidine. K. Kondo, T. Nagara et al, "Studies on Biologically Active Nucleosides and Nucleotides, Part. 5," J. Med. Chem. 22, 639-646 (1979). When the coupling reaction was complete, the N-carbobenzyloxy protective groups were removed by hydrogenation over 5% palladium-on-charcoal in ethanol. The final products were isolated as the corresponding hydrochloride salts by treating a 10% solution of the free base in chloroform with an excess of a 5% solution of hydrogen chloride in ether. The precipitated
hydrochlorides were filtered and dried under vacuum over P2O5. For compound 7, the trichloroethoxycarbonyl protective group was used instead of the
benzyloxycarbonyl group; it was removed with Zn/Cu in DMF as described in F. Eckstein, "The Trichloroethyl Group as a Protecting Group for Phosphate in the Synthesis of Mononucleotides," Angew. Chem. (Ger.) 77 , 912 (1965). Example 11
Mono(acyloxymethyl) esters of cytosine 2',3'- dideoxynucleotides and substituted analogues.
IV
Compound R1 R2
IV 1 (CH3)3C 2',3'-dideoxycytidin-5'-yl
IV 2 (CH3)3C 2'-fluoro-2',3'-dideoxycytidin-5'-yl
IV 3 (CH3)3C 3'-fluoro-2',3'-dideoxycytidin-5'-
yl
IV 4 (CH3 ) 3C 3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxycytidin-5'-yl
IV 5 (CH3) 3C 5-fluoro-2',3'-dideoxycytidin-5'-yl
IV 6 (CH3 ) 3C 5-chloro-2',3'-dideoxycytidin-5'-yl
IV 7 (CH3) 3C 5-bromo-2',3'-dideoxycytidin-5'-yl
IV 8 (CH3 ) 3C 5-iodo-2,3'-dideoxycytidin-5'- yl
IV 9 (CH3 ) 3C 5-methyl-2',3'-dideoxycytidin-5'-yl
IV 10 (CH3)3C 5-methyl-3'-fluoro-2',3'-dideoxycytidin- 5'-yl
IV 11 (CH3)3C 5-methyl-3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxycytidin- 5'-yl
These diesters were prepared from the parent N- benzyloxycarbonyl nucleosides by condensation with monopivaloyloxymethyl phosphate in pyridine as solvent in the presence of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide as described above for the uracil analogues II. In the final step the benzyloxycarbonyl protective groups were removed as usual by catalytic hydrogenation over 5% palladium-on-charcoal.
Example 12
Mono(acyloxymethyl) esters of purine 2',3'-dideoxynucleotides.
Compound R1
V 1 (CH3)3C 2',3'-dideoxyadenosin-5'-yl
V 2 (CH3)3C 2',3'-dideoxyguanosin-5'-yl
V 3 (CH3)3C 2',3'-dideoxyxanthosin-5'-yl
These compounds were prepared by reaction of the nucleoside analogue with mono(pivaloyloxymethyl)
phosphate in pyridine as solvent in the presence of
2,4,6-triisopropylbenzenesulfonyl tetrazole as condensing agent by the general procedure described by D. E. Gibbs and L. E. Orgel, "Some 5'-Azido and 5'-amino-2'- deoxyribonucleosides, their 3'-phosphates, and their 3'- phosphoimidazolides," J. Carbohydrates, Nucleosides and Nucleotides, 2, 315-334 (1976).
Example 13
Mono(acyloxymethyl) and bis(acyloxymethyl) esters of pyrimidine acyclic nucleotides.
VI
These compounds were prepared from the parent free acyclic nucleotides (E. DeClercq and R. T. Walker,
"Chemotherapeutic Agents for Herpesvirus Infections," Progress in Medicinal Chemistry, 22,, 187-218 (1986); and references therein, and M. Mansuri and J. C. Martin, Annual Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry: Antiviral Agents,
22, 139-148 (1987); and references therein) by
condensation with bis(acyloxymethyl) phosphate or mono(acyloxymethyl) phosphate by the general procedures described above for the uracil (I) and cytosine (III) analogues.
Compound R1 Base
VI 1 (CH3)3C Thymine
VI 2 (CH3)3C Uracil
VI 3 (CH3)3C Cytosine
Example 14 Mono(acyloxymethyl) esters of pyrimidine and purine acyclic nucleotides.
VII
Compound R1 Base
VII 1 (CH3)3C Guanine
VII 2 (CH3)3C Adenine
VII 3 (CH3)3C Thymine
VII 4 (CH3)3C Uracil
VII 5 (CH3)3C Cytosine
VII 6 (CH3)3C Xanthine These compounds were prepared from the parent free acyclic nucleotides by condensation with
bis(acyloxymethyl) phosphate or mono(acyloxymethyl) phosphate as described above for the uracil (II),
cytosine (IV), and purine (V) analogues.
* * * Testing of these compounds has confirmed that the protective groups are removed under the appropriate conditions. Some of the compounds have been tested for biological activity, and have shown positive results. Methods in accordance with the present invention comprise administering to a mammal an effective amount of one or more of the compounds described above. The administering step is preferably by intravenous,
intraarterial, intramuscular, intralymphatic,
intraperitoneal, subcutaneous, intrapleural or
intrathecal injection or by topical application or oral dosage. * * *
The preceding examples and description are intended to be illustrative, but not to limit the scope of the invention. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the present invention has a number of potential
applications and a variety of possible embodiments.
Claims
1. Compounds having the formula
where R1 is selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl hydrocarbons having 1-10 carbons, aryl and alkaryl hydrocarbons having 6-10 carbons, and amines having the formula NR4R5, where R4 and R5 are independently selected from the group consisting of H and alkyl hydrocarbons having 1-10 carbons;
R3 is selected from the group consisting of H and alkyl hydrocarbons having 1-3 carbons;
X1 is selected from the group consisting of H and R1 COOCR2 3 X2 is selected from the group consisting of H and R2
OR2; and
R2 is selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl hydrocarbons having 1-10 carbons, aryl and alkaryl hydrocarbons having 6-10 carbons, and nucleosides.
2. The compounds of claim 1, where R1 is selected from the group consisting of H, CH3, CH2CH3,CH(CH3)2, and
C(CH3)3.
3. The compounds of claim 1, where R3 is H.
4. The compounds of claim 1, where R2 is selected from the group consisting of
uracil 2',3'-dideoxynucleosides,
cytosine 2',3'-dideoxynucleosides, purine 2',3'-dideoxynucleosides, and pyrimidine acyclic nucleosides.
5. The compounds of claim 1, where R2 is selected from the group consisting of
2',3'-dideoxyuridin-5'-yl groups
2',3'-dideoxycytidin-5'-yl groups
2',3'-dideoxyguanosin-5'-yl groups, and groups having the formula
CH2CH2OCH2B
where B is a base selected from the group consisting of thymine, uracil, cytosine, guanine, adenine, and xanthine.
6. The compounds of claim 1, where R2 is selected from the group consisting of
2',3'-dideoxyuridine-5'-yl
2'-fluoro-2',3'-dideoxyuridine-5'-yl
3'-fluoro-2',3'-dideoxyuridine-5'-yl 3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxyuridine-5'-yl
3'-amino-2',3'-dideoxyuridine-5'-yl 5-chloro-2',3'-dideoxyuridine-5'-yl 5-bromo-2',3'-dideoxyuridine-5'-yl 5-iodo-2',3'-dideoxyuridine-5'-yl
5-methyl-2',3'-dideoxyuridine-5'-yl
5-methyl-3'-fluoro-2',3'-dideoxyuridine-5'-yl 5-methyl-3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxyuridine-5'-yl
5-methyl-3'-amino-2',3'-dideoxyuridine-5'-yl 5-ethyl-2',3'-dideoxyuridine-5'-yl 5-propyl-2',3'-dideoxyuridine-5'-yl 2',3'-dideoxycytidin-5'-yl
2'-fluoro-2',3'-dideoxycytidin-5'-yl
3'-fluoro-2',3'-dideoxycytidin-5'-yl
3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxycytidin-5'-yl 5-fluoro-2',3'-dideoxycytidin-5'-yl 5-chloro-2',3'-dideoxycytidin-5'-yl 5-bromo-2',3'-dideoxycytidin-5'-yl
5-iodo-2',3'-dideoxycytidin-5'-yl 5-methyl-2',3'-dideoxycytidin-5'-yl 5-methyl-3'-fluoro-2',3'-dideoxycytidin-5'-yl 5-methyl-3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxycytidin-5'-yl 2',3'-dideoxyadenosin-5'-yl
2',3'-dideoxyguanosin-5'-yl
2',3'-dideoxyxanthosin-5'-yl
CH2CH2OCH2 Guanine
CH2CH2OCH2 Adenine
CH2CH2OCH2 Thymine
CH2CH2OCH2 Uracil
CH2CH2OCH2 Cytosine
CH2CH2OCH2 Xanthine
7. Compounds having the formula
where R1 is selected from the group consisting of
CH3, CH2CH3, CH(CH3)2, and C(CH3)3; X1 is selected from the group consisting of H and
R1COOCH2; and
R2 is selected from the group consisting of
2',3•-dideoxyuridin-5'-yl groups
2',3'-dideoxycytidin-5'-yl groups
2',3'-dideoxyguanosin-5'-yl groups, and groups having the formula
CH2CH2OCH2B
where B is a base selected from the group consisting of thymine, uracil, cytosine, guanine, adenine, and
xanthine.
8. Compounds having the formula
CH2CH3, CH(CH3)2, and C(CH3)3; and R2 is selected from the group consisting of
2',3'-dideoxyuridine-5'-yl
2'-fluoro-2',3'-dideoxyuridine-5'-yl 3'-fluoro-2',3'-dideoxyuridine-5'-yl
3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxyuridine-5'-yl
3'-amino-2',3'-dideoxyuridine-5'-yl
5-chloro-2',3'-dideoxyuridine-5'-yl
5-bromo-2',3'-dideoxyuridine-5'-yl
5-iodo-2',3'-dideoxyuridine-5'-yl
5-methyl-2',3'-dideoxyuridine-5'-yl 5-methyl-3'-fluoro-2',3'-dideoxyuridine-5'-yl 5-methyl-3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxyuridine-5'-yl
5-methyl-3'-amino-2',3'-dideoxyuridine-5'-yl 5-ethyl-2',3'-dideoxyuridine-5'-yl 5-propyl-2',3'-dideoxyuridine-5'-yl 2',3'-dideoxycytidin-5'-yl
2'-fluoro-2',3'-dideoxycytidin-5'-yl
3'-fluoro-2',3'-dideoxycytidin-5'-yl 3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxycytidin-5'-yl 5-fluoro-2',3'-dideoxycytidin-5'-yl 5-chloro-2',3'-dideoxycytidin-5'-yl 5-bromo-2',3'-dideoxycytidin-5'-yl
5-iodo-2',3'-dideoxycytidin-5'-yl
5-methyl-2',3'-dideoxycytidin-5'-yl 5-methyl-3'-fluoro-2',3'-dideoxycytidin-5'-yl 5-methyl-3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxycytidin-5'-yl 2',3'-dideoxyadenosin-5'-yl
2',3'-dideoxyguanosin-5'-yl
2',3'-dideoxyxanthosin-5'-yl
CH2CH2OCH2 Guanine
CH2CH2OCH2 Adenine
CH2CH2OCH2 Thymine
CH2CH2OCH2 Uracil
CH2CH2OCH2 Cytosine
CH2CH2OCH2 Xanthine
9. Compounds having the formula
R2 is selected from the group consisting of
2',3'-dideoxyuridine-5'-yl
2'-fluoro-2',3'-dideoxyuridine-5'-yl
3'-fluoro-2',3'-dideoxyuridine-5'-yl
3'-azido-2 ,3'-dideoxyuridine-5'-yl 3'-amino-2 ,3'-dideoxyuridine-5'-yl 5-chloro-2 ,3'-dideoxyuridine-5'-yl 5-bromo-2' 3'-dideoxyuridine-5'-yl 5-iodo-2',3'-dideoxyuridine-5'-yl
5-methyl-2 ,3'-dideoxyuridine-5'-yl
5-methyl-3 -fluoro-2',3'-dideoxyuridine-5'-yl 5-methyl-3 -azido-2',3'-dideoxyuridine-5'-yl
5-methyl-3 -amino-2',3'-dideoxyuridine-5'-yl
5-ethyl-2' 3'-dideoxyuridine-5'-yl
5-propyl-2 ,3'-dideoxyuridine-5'-yl
2',3'-dideoxycytidin-5'-yl
2'-fluoro-2',3'-dideoxycytidin-5'-yl
3'-fluoro-2',3'-dideoxycytidin-5'-yl
3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxycytidin-5'-yl
5-fluoro-2',3'-dideoxycytidin-5'-yl
5-chloro-2',3'-dideoxycytidin-5'-yl 5-bromo-2',3'-dideoxycytidin-5'-yl
5-iodo-2',3'-dideoxycytidin-5'-yl
5-methyl-2',3'-dideoxycytidin-5'-yl
5-methyl-3'-fluoro-2',3'-dideoxycytidin-5'-yl
5-methyl-3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxycytidin-5'-yl 2',3'-dideoxyadenosin-5'-yl
2',3'-dideoxyguanosin-5'-yl
2',3'-dideoxyxanthosin-5'-yl
CH2CH2OCH2 Guanine
CH2CH2OCH2 Adenine
CH2CH2OCH2 Thymine
CH2CH2OCH2 Uracil
CH2CH2OCH2 Cytosine
CH2CH2OCH2 Xanthine
10. Compounds having the formula
where R1 is selected from the group consisting of H, CH3, CH2CH3, CH(CH3)2, and C(CH3)3; and
R2 is selected from the group consisting of
2',3'-dideoxyuridine-5'-yl
2'-fluoro-2',3'-dideoxyuridine-5'-yl
3'-fluoro-2',3'-dideoxyuridine-5'-yl
3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxyuridine-5'-yl
3'-amino-2',3'-dideoxyuridine-5'-yl
5-chloro-2',3'-dideoxyuridine-5'-yl
5-bromo-2,3'-dideoxyuridine-5'-yl
5-iodo-2',3'-dideoxyuridine-5'-yl
5-methyl-2',3'-dideoxyuridine-5'-yl
5-methyl-3'-fluoro-2',3'-dideoxyuridine-5'-yl 5-methyl-3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxyuridine-5'-yl 5-methyl-3'-amino-2',3'-dideoxyuridine-5'-yl
5-ethyl-2',3'-dideoxyuridine-5'-yl
5-propyl-2',3'-dideoxyuridine-5'-yl
2',3'-dideoxycytidin-5'-yl
2'-fluoro-2',3'-dideoxycytidin-5'-yl
3'-fluoro-2',3'-dideoxycytidin-5'-yl
3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxycytidin-5'-yl
5-fluoro-2',3'-dideoxycytidin-5'-yl
5-chloro-2',3'-dideoxycytidin-5'-yl
5-bromo-2',3'-dideoxycytidin-5'-yl
5-iodo-2',3'-dideoxycytidin-5'-yl
5-methyl-2',3'-dideoxycytidin-5'-yl
5-methyl-3'-fluoro-2',3'-dideoxycytidin-5'-yl
5-methyl-3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxycytidin-5'-yl
11. Compounds having the formula
-7
where R1 is selected from the group consisting of H, CH3, CH2CH3, CH(CH3)2, and C(CH3)3; and R2 is selected from the group consisting of
2',3'-dideoxyuridine-5'-yl
2'-fluoro-2',3'-dideoxyuridine-5'-yl
3'-fluoro-2',3'-dideoxyuridine-5'-yl
3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxyuridine-5'-yl
3'-amino-2',3'-dideoxyuridine-5'-yl
5-chloro-2',3'-dideoxyuridine-5'-yl
5-bromo-2,3'-dideoxyuridine-5'-yl
5-iodo-2',3'-dideoxyuridine-5'-yl
5-methyl-2',3'-dideoxyuridine-5'-yl
5-methyl-3'-fluoro-2',3'-dideoxyuridine-5'-yl 5-methyl-3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxyuridine-5'-yl 5-methyl-3'-amino-2',3'-dideoxyuridine-5'-yl 5-ethyl-2',3'-dideoxyuridine-5'-yl
5-propyl-2',3'-dideoxyuridine-5'-yl
2',3'-dideoxycytidin-5'-yl
2'-fluoro-2',3'-dideoxycytidin-5'-yl
3'-fluoro-2',3'-dideoxycytidin-5'-yl
3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxycytidin-5'-yl
5-fluoro-2',3'-dideoxycytidin-5'-yl
5-chloro-2',3'-dideoxycytidin-5'-yl
5-bromo-2',3'-dideoxycytidin-5'-yl
5-iodo-2',3'-dideoxycytidin-5'-yl
5-methyl-2',3'-dideoxycytidin-5'-yl 5-methyl-3'-fluoro-2',3'-dideoxycytidin-5'-yl 5-methyl-3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxycytidin-5'-yl
12. Compounds having the formula
R2 is selected from the group consisting of
2',3'-dideoxyadensosin-5'-yl,
2',3'-dideoxyguanosin-5'-yl, and
2',3'-dideoxyxanthosin-5'-yl.
13. Compounds having the formula
B is a base selected from the group consisting of
guanine, adenine, thymine, uracil, cytosine, and
xanthine.
14. Compounds having the formula
where R1 is selected from the group consisting of H, CH3, CH2CH3, CH(CH3)2, and C(CH3)3; and
B is a base selected from the group consisting of
guanine, adenine, thymine, uracil, cytosine, and
xanthine.
15. A method of providing phosphates intracellularly, comprising: administering to a mammal an effective amount of a compound in accordance with claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,
6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, or 14.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US07/300,264 US4968788A (en) | 1986-04-04 | 1989-01-23 | Biologically reversible phosphate and phosphonate protective gruops |
US300,264 | 1989-01-23 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1990008155A1 true WO1990008155A1 (en) | 1990-07-26 |
Family
ID=23158370
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US1989/005766 WO1990008155A1 (en) | 1989-01-23 | 1989-12-21 | Biologically reversible phosphate and phosphonate protective groups |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4968788A (en) |
AU (1) | AU4959290A (en) |
WO (1) | WO1990008155A1 (en) |
Cited By (27)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0577725A1 (en) * | 1991-03-29 | 1994-01-12 | University Of Florida | Targeted drug delivery via mixed phosphate derivatives |
US5627185A (en) * | 1994-11-23 | 1997-05-06 | Gosselin; Gilles | Acyclovir derivatives as antiviral agents |
WO1998011121A1 (en) * | 1996-09-13 | 1998-03-19 | Centre National De La Recherche Scientifique (Cnrs) | Biologically active phosphotriester-type compounds |
US5770725A (en) * | 1992-05-25 | 1998-06-23 | Gosselin; Gilles | Phosphotriester type biologically active compounds |
US5955591A (en) * | 1993-05-12 | 1999-09-21 | Imbach; Jean-Louis | Phosphotriester oligonucleotides, amidites and method of preparation |
FR2781229A1 (en) * | 1998-07-17 | 2000-01-21 | Univ Nice Sophia Antipolis | Osidic nucleotide analogs having antiviral and antitumor activity, and intermediates for their preparation |
US6020482A (en) * | 1992-05-25 | 2000-02-01 | Gosselin; Gilles | Phosphotriester type biologically active compounds |
US6399589B1 (en) | 1992-05-25 | 2002-06-04 | Isis Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Biologically active phosphotriester-type compounds |
US6458772B1 (en) | 1909-10-07 | 2002-10-01 | Medivir Ab | Prodrugs |
US6919322B2 (en) | 2000-03-08 | 2005-07-19 | Metabasis Therapeutics, Inc. | Phenyl Phosphonate Fructose-1,6-Bisphosphatase Inhibitors |
US7205404B1 (en) | 1999-03-05 | 2007-04-17 | Metabasis Therapeutics, Inc. | Phosphorus-containing prodrugs |
US7303739B2 (en) | 1999-09-08 | 2007-12-04 | Metabasis Therapeutics, Inc. | Prodrugs for liver specific drug delivery |
US7312219B2 (en) | 1998-09-09 | 2007-12-25 | Metabasis Therapeutics, Inc. | Heteroaromatic inhibitors of fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase |
US7351399B2 (en) | 1998-03-06 | 2008-04-01 | Metabasis Therapeutics, Inc. | Prodrugs for phosphorus-containing compounds |
US7563774B2 (en) | 2000-06-29 | 2009-07-21 | Metabasis Therapeutics, Inc. | Combination of FBPase inhibitors and antidiabetic agents useful for the treatment of diabetes |
US7829552B2 (en) | 2003-11-19 | 2010-11-09 | Metabasis Therapeutics, Inc. | Phosphorus-containing thyromimetics |
US8710236B2 (en) | 2007-02-09 | 2014-04-29 | Metabasis Therapeutics, Inc. | Antagonists of the glucagon receptor |
US8907103B2 (en) | 2008-08-13 | 2014-12-09 | Metabasis Therapeutics, Inc. | Glucagon antagonists |
US8940927B2 (en) | 2007-08-13 | 2015-01-27 | Metabasis Therapeutics, Inc. | Activators of glucokinase |
US9994600B2 (en) | 2014-07-02 | 2018-06-12 | Ligand Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Prodrug compounds and uses therof |
US10076504B2 (en) | 2014-06-12 | 2018-09-18 | Ligand Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Glucagon antagonists |
US10130643B2 (en) | 2005-05-26 | 2018-11-20 | Metabasis Therapeutics, Inc. | Thyromimetics for the treatment of fatty liver diseases |
US10449210B2 (en) | 2014-02-13 | 2019-10-22 | Ligand Pharmaceuticals Inc. | Prodrug compounds and their uses |
US11202789B2 (en) | 2016-11-21 | 2021-12-21 | Viking Therapeutics, Inc. | Method of treating glycogen storage disease |
US11707472B2 (en) | 2017-06-05 | 2023-07-25 | Viking Therapeutics, Inc. | Compositions for the treatment of fibrosis |
US11787828B2 (en) | 2018-03-22 | 2023-10-17 | Viking Therapeutics, Inc. | Crystalline forms and methods of producing crystalline forms of a compound |
US11970482B2 (en) | 2019-01-08 | 2024-04-30 | Ligand Pharmaceuticals Inc. | Acetal compounds and therapeutic uses thereof |
Families Citing this family (100)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5187266A (en) * | 1986-06-30 | 1993-02-16 | Board Of Regents The University Of Texas System | Antitumor aldophosphamide glycoside and dideoxyuridine derivatives |
US5410068A (en) * | 1989-10-23 | 1995-04-25 | Perseptive Biosystems, Inc. | Succinimidyl trityl compounds and a process for preparing same |
US5177064A (en) * | 1990-07-13 | 1993-01-05 | University Of Florida | Targeted drug delivery via phosphonate derivatives |
EP0481214B1 (en) * | 1990-09-14 | 1998-06-24 | Institute Of Organic Chemistry And Biochemistry Of The Academy Of Sciences Of The Czech Republic | Prodrugs of phosphonates |
US5866548A (en) * | 1993-04-09 | 1999-02-02 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Caged membrane-permeant inositol phosphates |
US5834436A (en) * | 1993-04-09 | 1998-11-10 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Membrane-permeant second messengers |
US5958973A (en) * | 1993-09-03 | 1999-09-28 | Gilead Sciences, Inc. | Polyhydroxy benzoic acid derivatives and their use as neuraminidase inhibitors |
US5798340A (en) | 1993-09-17 | 1998-08-25 | Gilead Sciences, Inc. | Nucleotide analogs |
KR100386685B1 (en) * | 1993-09-17 | 2003-12-31 | 길리애드 사이언시즈, 인코포레이티드 | Nucleotide Homolog |
US5866601A (en) * | 1995-02-27 | 1999-02-02 | Gilead Sciences, Inc. | Carbocyclic compounds |
BR9607098A (en) | 1995-02-27 | 1997-11-04 | Gilead Sciences Inc | New selective viral or bacterial neuraminide inhibitors |
US5717095A (en) * | 1995-12-29 | 1998-02-10 | Gilead Sciences, Inc. | Nucleotide analogs |
US5763483A (en) * | 1995-12-29 | 1998-06-09 | Gilead Sciences, Inc. | Carbocyclic compounds |
US5922695A (en) * | 1996-07-26 | 1999-07-13 | Gilead Sciences, Inc. | Antiviral phosphonomethyoxy nucleotide analogs having increased oral bioavarilability |
US6518438B2 (en) | 1996-08-23 | 2003-02-11 | Gilead Sciences, Inc. | Preparation of cyclohexene carboxylate derivatives |
US5859284A (en) * | 1996-08-23 | 1999-01-12 | Gilead Sciences, Inc. | Preparation of carbocyclic compounds |
US5994377A (en) * | 1996-10-21 | 1999-11-30 | Gilead Sciences, Inc. | Piperidine compounds |
US6030961A (en) * | 1997-03-11 | 2000-02-29 | Bar-Ilan Research & Development Co., Ltd. | Oxyalkylene phosphate compounds and uses thereof |
US5886213A (en) * | 1997-08-22 | 1999-03-23 | Gilead Sciences, Inc. | Preparation of carbocyclic compounds |
US20040053999A1 (en) * | 1997-09-17 | 2004-03-18 | Bischofberger Norbert W. | Novel compounds and methods for synthesis and therapy |
TW477783B (en) * | 1997-12-12 | 2002-03-01 | Gilead Sciences Inc | Novel compounds useful as neuraminidase inhibitors and pharmaceutical compositions containing same |
WO2004035577A2 (en) * | 2002-10-16 | 2004-04-29 | Gilead Sciences, Inc. | Pre-organized tricyclic integrase inhibitor compounds |
CA2512319A1 (en) * | 2003-01-14 | 2004-08-05 | Gilead Sciences, Inc. | Compositions and methods for combination antiviral therapy |
PL1628685T3 (en) | 2003-04-25 | 2011-05-31 | Gilead Sciences Inc | Antiviral phosphonate analogs |
WO2005012324A2 (en) * | 2003-07-30 | 2005-02-10 | Gilead Sciences, Inc. | Nucleobase phosphonate analogs for antiviral treatment |
AU2004274493A1 (en) * | 2003-09-19 | 2005-03-31 | Gilead Sciences, Inc. | Aza-quinolinol phosphonate integrase inhibitor compounds |
SI2204374T1 (en) * | 2003-12-30 | 2012-09-28 | Gilead Sciences Inc | Nucleoside phosphonates and analogs thereof for the treatment of HPV-infections |
US20080153783A1 (en) * | 2004-01-12 | 2008-06-26 | Gilead Sciences, Inc. | Pyrimidyl Phosphonate Antiviral Compounds and Methods of Use |
BRPI0506786A (en) * | 2004-01-12 | 2007-05-22 | Gilead Sciences Inc | pyrimidyl phosphonate antiviral compounds and processes for use |
US20080076738A1 (en) * | 2004-04-14 | 2008-03-27 | Cai Zhenhong R | Phosphonate Analogs Of Hiv Integrase Inhibitor Compounds |
UA93354C2 (en) * | 2004-07-09 | 2011-02-10 | Гилиад Сайенсиз, Инк. | Topical antiviral formulations |
PL1778702T3 (en) | 2004-07-16 | 2011-12-30 | Gilead Sciences Inc | Antiviral compounds |
DK1778251T3 (en) | 2004-07-27 | 2011-07-18 | Gilead Sciences Inc | Nucleoside phosphate conjugates as anti-HIV agents |
EP1812012A4 (en) * | 2004-11-15 | 2010-02-17 | Ceptyr Inc | Protein tyrosine phosphatase inhibitors and methods of use thereof |
RU2322450C2 (en) * | 2004-11-25 | 2008-04-20 | Закрытое акционерное общество "Производственно-коммерческая Ассоциация АЗТ" | Modified 5'-phosphonates of 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine as active components for potential antiviral preparations |
AR057023A1 (en) * | 2005-05-16 | 2007-11-14 | Gilead Sciences Inc | HETEROCICLICAL COMPOUNDS WITH HIV-INTEGRASA INHIBITING PROPERTIES |
TWI375560B (en) | 2005-06-13 | 2012-11-01 | Gilead Sciences Inc | Composition comprising dry granulated emtricitabine and tenofovir df and method for making the same |
TWI471145B (en) | 2005-06-13 | 2015-02-01 | Bristol Myers Squibb & Gilead Sciences Llc | Unitary pharmaceutical dosage form |
TW200738742A (en) * | 2005-07-14 | 2007-10-16 | Gilead Sciences Inc | Antiviral compounds |
TWI389908B (en) * | 2005-07-14 | 2013-03-21 | Gilead Sciences Inc | Antiviral compounds |
CA2616314A1 (en) * | 2005-07-27 | 2007-02-01 | Gilead Sciences, Inc. | Antiviral phosphonate conjugates for inhibition of hiv |
EP1951656B1 (en) | 2005-11-11 | 2015-08-05 | The Scripps Research Institute | Histone deacetylase inhibitors as therapeutics for neurological diseases |
WO2007136714A2 (en) * | 2006-05-16 | 2007-11-29 | Gilead Sciences, Inc. | Integrase inhibitors |
US7893264B2 (en) * | 2006-07-07 | 2011-02-22 | Gilead Sciences, Inc. | Antiviral phosphinate compounds |
US7842672B2 (en) | 2006-07-07 | 2010-11-30 | Gilead Sciences, Inc. | Phosphonate inhibitors of HCV |
CA2657821A1 (en) * | 2006-07-21 | 2008-01-24 | Gilead Sciences, Inc. | Aza-peptide protease inhibitors |
WO2008011117A2 (en) * | 2006-07-21 | 2008-01-24 | Gilead Sciences, Inc. | Antiviral protease inhibitors |
CN104262345B (en) | 2008-04-23 | 2017-06-23 | 吉利德科学公司 | For the CARBA nucleoside analogs of 1 ' substitution of antiviral therapy |
CN102089318B (en) | 2008-07-08 | 2014-05-21 | 吉里德科学公司 | Salts of HIV inhibitor compounds |
NZ596444A (en) | 2009-05-13 | 2014-01-31 | Gilead Sciences Inc | Antiviral compounds |
SI2480559T1 (en) | 2009-09-21 | 2013-10-30 | Gilead Sciences, Inc. | Processes and intermediates for the preparation of 1'-cyano-carbanucleoside analogs |
US7973013B2 (en) | 2009-09-21 | 2011-07-05 | Gilead Sciences, Inc. | 2'-fluoro substituted carba-nucleoside analogs for antiviral treatment |
DK2480552T3 (en) | 2009-09-21 | 2017-02-20 | Gilead Sciences Inc | 2 'FLUOROUS-SUBSTITUTED CARBA NUCLEOSIDE ANALYSIS FOR ANTIVIRAL TREATMENT |
US20110223131A1 (en) | 2010-02-24 | 2011-09-15 | Gilead Sciences, Inc. | Antiviral compounds |
EP2571882A1 (en) | 2010-05-21 | 2013-03-27 | Gilead Sciences, Inc. | Heterocyclic flaviviridae virus inhibitors |
AP2013006707A0 (en) | 2010-07-02 | 2013-02-28 | Gilead Sciences Inc | 2-Quinolinyl-acetic acid derivatives as HIV antiviral compounds |
CN103140474A (en) | 2010-07-02 | 2013-06-05 | 吉里德科学公司 | Napht- 2 -ylacetic acid derivatives to treat aids |
KR102108864B1 (en) | 2010-07-19 | 2020-05-12 | 길리애드 사이언시즈, 인코포레이티드 | Methods for the preparation of diasteromerically pure phosphoramidate prodrugs |
ES2524356T3 (en) | 2010-07-22 | 2014-12-05 | Gilead Sciences, Inc. | Methods and compounds to treat infections caused by Paramyxoviridae virus |
TW201305185A (en) | 2010-09-13 | 2013-02-01 | Gilead Sciences Inc | 2'-fluoro substituted carba-nucleoside analogs for antiviral treatment |
CN103108876A (en) | 2010-09-20 | 2013-05-15 | 吉里德科学公司 | 2 -fluoro substituted carba-nucleoside analogs for antiviral treatment |
US8884027B2 (en) | 2010-10-22 | 2014-11-11 | University Of Rochester | Melampomagnolide B derivatives as antileukemic and cytotoxic agents |
CA3095528C (en) | 2010-11-17 | 2023-07-18 | Gilead Pharmasset Llc | Antiviral compounds |
NZ611438A (en) | 2010-12-10 | 2015-06-26 | Sigmapharm Lab Llc | Highly stable compositions of orally active nucleotide analogues or orally active nucleotide analogue prodrugs |
EA201391264A1 (en) | 2011-04-13 | 2014-03-31 | Джилид Сайэнс, Инк. | 1'-SUBSTITUTED PYRIMIDINE N-NUCLEOSIDE ANALOGUES FOR ANTI-VIRUS TREATMENT |
KR20140027295A (en) | 2011-04-21 | 2014-03-06 | 길리애드 사이언시즈, 인코포레이티드 | Benzothiazole compounds and their pharmaceutical use |
ES2553449T3 (en) | 2011-07-06 | 2015-12-09 | Gilead Sciences, Inc. | Compounds for HIV treatment |
PE20141163A1 (en) | 2011-11-16 | 2014-09-21 | Gilead Sciences Inc | ANTIVIRAL COMPOUNDS |
WO2013103724A1 (en) | 2012-01-04 | 2013-07-11 | Gilead Sciences, Inc. | 2- (tert - butoxy) -2- (7 -methylquinolin- 6 - yl) acetic acid derivatives for treating aids |
US9284323B2 (en) | 2012-01-04 | 2016-03-15 | Gilead Sciences, Inc. | Naphthalene acetic acid derivatives against HIV infection |
ES2709071T3 (en) | 2012-03-13 | 2019-04-15 | Gilead Sciences Inc | 2'-substituted carba-nucleoside analogues for antiviral treatment |
MX2014005002A (en) | 2012-04-20 | 2014-07-09 | Gilead Sciences Inc | Benzothiazol- 6 -yl acetic acid derivatives and their use for treating an hiv infection. |
US9079887B2 (en) | 2012-05-16 | 2015-07-14 | Gilead Sciences, Inc. | Antiviral compounds |
US20130309196A1 (en) | 2012-05-16 | 2013-11-21 | Gilead Sciences, Inc. | Antiviral compounds |
US9233974B2 (en) | 2012-12-21 | 2016-01-12 | Gilead Sciences, Inc. | Antiviral compounds |
US10202353B2 (en) | 2014-02-28 | 2019-02-12 | Gilead Sciences, Inc. | Therapeutic compounds |
TWI740546B (en) | 2014-10-29 | 2021-09-21 | 美商基利科學股份有限公司 | Methods for the preparation of ribosides |
MX2021005087A (en) | 2015-09-16 | 2022-08-18 | Gilead Sciences Inc | Methods for treating arenaviridae and coronaviridae virus infections. |
BR112018071678B1 (en) | 2016-08-19 | 2021-01-26 | Gilead Sciences, Inc. | therapeutic compounds useful for the prophylactic or therapeutic treatment of an HIV infection and their pharmaceutical compositions |
EP3519409A1 (en) | 2016-09-28 | 2019-08-07 | Gilead Sciences, Inc. | Benzothiazol-6-yl acetic acid derivatives and their use for treating hiv infection |
EP3595672B1 (en) | 2017-03-14 | 2023-09-06 | Gilead Sciences, Inc. | Compounds for use in methods of treating feline coronavirus infections |
AR111490A1 (en) | 2017-05-01 | 2019-07-17 | Gilead Sciences Inc | CRYSTALLINE FORMS OF PROPANOATE OF (S) -2-ETILBUTIL 2 - (((S) - (((2R, 3S, 4R, 5R) -5- (4-AMINOPIRROLO [2,1-F] [1,2, 4] TRIAZIN-7-IL) -5-CIANO-3,4-DIHYDROXITETRAHIDROFURAN-2-IL) METOXI) (FENOXI) FOSFORIL) AMINO) |
EP3651734A1 (en) | 2017-07-11 | 2020-05-20 | Gilead Sciences, Inc. | Compositions comprising an rna polymerase inhibitor and cyclodextrin for treating viral infections |
PT3661937T (en) | 2017-08-01 | 2021-09-24 | Gilead Sciences Inc | Crystalline forms of ethyl ((s)-((((2r,5r)-5-(6-amino-9h-purin-9-yl)-4-fluoro-2,5-dihydrofuran-2-yl)oxy)methyl)(phenoxy)phosphoryl)-l-alaninate (gs-9131) for treating viral infections |
AR112413A1 (en) | 2017-08-17 | 2019-10-23 | Gilead Sciences Inc | SOLID FORMS OF AN HIV CAPSID INHIBITOR |
AR112412A1 (en) | 2017-08-17 | 2019-10-23 | Gilead Sciences Inc | CHOLINE SALT FORMS OF AN HIV CAPSID INHIBITOR |
EP3752495B1 (en) | 2018-02-15 | 2023-07-19 | Gilead Sciences, Inc. | Pyridine derivatives and their use for treating hiv infection |
TWI745652B (en) | 2018-02-16 | 2021-11-11 | 美商基利科學股份有限公司 | Methods and intermediates for preparing therapeutic compounds |
KR20230141905A (en) | 2018-07-16 | 2023-10-10 | 길리애드 사이언시즈, 인코포레이티드 | Capsid inhibitors for the treatment of hiv |
KR20220106165A (en) | 2019-11-26 | 2022-07-28 | 길리애드 사이언시즈, 인코포레이티드 | Capsid inhibitors for the prevention of HIV |
WO2021154687A1 (en) | 2020-01-27 | 2021-08-05 | Gilead Sciences, Inc. | Methods for treating sars cov-2 infections |
WO2021183750A2 (en) | 2020-03-12 | 2021-09-16 | Gilead Sciences, Inc. | Methods of preparing 1'-cyano nucleosides |
EP4132651A1 (en) | 2020-04-06 | 2023-02-15 | Gilead Sciences, Inc. | Inhalation formulations of 1'-cyano substituted carbanucleoside analogs |
US20210393653A1 (en) | 2020-05-29 | 2021-12-23 | Gilead Sciences, Inc. | Remdesivir treatment methods |
BR112022026321A2 (en) | 2020-06-24 | 2023-01-17 | Gilead Sciences Inc | 1'-CYAN NUCLEOSIDE ANALOGS AND USES THEREOF |
CA3181690A1 (en) | 2020-06-25 | 2021-12-30 | Chienhung CHOU | Capsid inhibitors for the treatment of hiv |
US11926645B2 (en) | 2020-08-27 | 2024-03-12 | Gilead Sciences, Inc. | Compounds and methods for treatment of viral infections |
WO2022246109A1 (en) | 2021-05-21 | 2022-11-24 | Gilead Sciences, Inc. | Pentacyclic derivatives as zika virus inhibitors |
US11787825B2 (en) | 2021-12-03 | 2023-10-17 | Gilead Sciences, Inc. | Therapeutic compounds for HIV virus infection |
EP4320128A1 (en) | 2022-03-02 | 2024-02-14 | Gilead Sciences, Inc. | Compounds and methods for treatment of viral infections |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3284440A (en) * | 1964-06-12 | 1966-11-08 | Merck & Co Inc | Phosphate esters of cytosine arabinoide and process for preparing same |
US4816570A (en) * | 1982-11-30 | 1989-03-28 | The Board Of Regents Of The University Of Texas System | Biologically reversible phosphate and phosphonate protective groups |
Family Cites Families (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4711955A (en) * | 1981-04-17 | 1987-12-08 | Yale University | Modified nucleotides and methods of preparing and using same |
-
1989
- 1989-01-23 US US07/300,264 patent/US4968788A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-12-21 AU AU49592/90A patent/AU4959290A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1989-12-21 WO PCT/US1989/005766 patent/WO1990008155A1/en unknown
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3284440A (en) * | 1964-06-12 | 1966-11-08 | Merck & Co Inc | Phosphate esters of cytosine arabinoide and process for preparing same |
US4816570A (en) * | 1982-11-30 | 1989-03-28 | The Board Of Regents Of The University Of Texas System | Biologically reversible phosphate and phosphonate protective groups |
Non-Patent Citations (6)
Title |
---|
Biochemical Pharmacology, Vol. 38, No. 19, 1989 Jerome J. Freed et al.: "Evidence for acyloxymethyl esters of pyrimidine 5'-deoxy- ribonucleotides as extracellular sources of active 5'-deoxy-ribonucleotides in cultured cells ", * |
Bioorg. Chem., Vol. 12, No. 2, 1984 Srivastva Devendra N. et al.: "Bioreversible phosphate protective groups: synthesis and stability of model acyloxomethyl phosphates ", * |
Chemical Abstracts, vol. 101, no. 17, 22 October 1984, (Columbus, Ohio, US), Ghyczy Miklos et al: "Pesticides", see page 255, abstract 146138b, & Ger. Offen. DE 3,248,033 * |
International Cancer Congress, Proceedings, 13th International Cancer Congress, Abstract 1789, Vol. 13(1982), David Farquhar et al: "5-flouro-2'- -deoxyuridine-5'-phosphate (5-FdUMP),bis(acyloxy- methyl) esters: potential prodrugs of 5-FdUMP. * |
J. Med. Chem., Vol. 27, 1984 Roger N. Hunstone et al.: "Synthesis and biological properties of some cyclic phosphotriesters derived from 2'-deoxy-5-fluorouridine ", * |
JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES, Vol. 72, No. 3, March 1983 D. Farquhar et al.: "Biologically reversible phosphate-protective groups ", * |
Cited By (52)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6458772B1 (en) | 1909-10-07 | 2002-10-01 | Medivir Ab | Prodrugs |
EP0577725A4 (en) * | 1991-03-29 | 1996-04-17 | Univ Florida | Targeted drug delivery via mixed phosphate derivatives |
EP0577725A1 (en) * | 1991-03-29 | 1994-01-12 | University Of Florida | Targeted drug delivery via mixed phosphate derivatives |
US6020482A (en) * | 1992-05-25 | 2000-02-01 | Gosselin; Gilles | Phosphotriester type biologically active compounds |
US6399589B1 (en) | 1992-05-25 | 2002-06-04 | Isis Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Biologically active phosphotriester-type compounds |
US5770725A (en) * | 1992-05-25 | 1998-06-23 | Gosselin; Gilles | Phosphotriester type biologically active compounds |
US6555676B2 (en) | 1992-05-25 | 2003-04-29 | Centre National De La Recherche Scientifique | Biologically active phosphotriester-type compounds |
US5955591A (en) * | 1993-05-12 | 1999-09-21 | Imbach; Jean-Louis | Phosphotriester oligonucleotides, amidites and method of preparation |
US5627185A (en) * | 1994-11-23 | 1997-05-06 | Gosselin; Gilles | Acyclovir derivatives as antiviral agents |
US6124445A (en) * | 1994-11-23 | 2000-09-26 | Isis Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Phosphotriester oligonucleotides, amidities and method of preparation |
US5849905A (en) * | 1994-11-23 | 1998-12-15 | Centre National De La Recherche Scientifique | Biologically active phosphotriester-type nucleosides and methods for preparing same |
WO1998011121A1 (en) * | 1996-09-13 | 1998-03-19 | Centre National De La Recherche Scientifique (Cnrs) | Biologically active phosphotriester-type compounds |
US6974802B2 (en) | 1998-02-13 | 2005-12-13 | Medivir Ab | Treatment of viral infections using prodrugs of 2′,3-dideoxy,3′-fluoroguanosine |
US7071173B2 (en) | 1998-02-13 | 2006-07-04 | Medivir Ab | Antiviral methods employing double esters of 2′, 3′-dideoxy-3′-fluoroguanosine |
US7825238B2 (en) | 1998-02-13 | 2010-11-02 | Medivir Ab | Antiviral methods employing double esters of 2′, 3′-dideoxy-3′-fluoroguanosine |
US7351399B2 (en) | 1998-03-06 | 2008-04-01 | Metabasis Therapeutics, Inc. | Prodrugs for phosphorus-containing compounds |
FR2781229A1 (en) * | 1998-07-17 | 2000-01-21 | Univ Nice Sophia Antipolis | Osidic nucleotide analogs having antiviral and antitumor activity, and intermediates for their preparation |
US7312219B2 (en) | 1998-09-09 | 2007-12-25 | Metabasis Therapeutics, Inc. | Heteroaromatic inhibitors of fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase |
US8664195B2 (en) | 1999-03-05 | 2014-03-04 | Metabasis Therapeutics, Inc. | Phosphorus-containing prodrugs |
US7816345B2 (en) | 1999-03-05 | 2010-10-19 | Metabasis Therapeutics, Inc. | Phosphorus-containing prodrugs |
US7205404B1 (en) | 1999-03-05 | 2007-04-17 | Metabasis Therapeutics, Inc. | Phosphorus-containing prodrugs |
US8080536B2 (en) | 1999-03-05 | 2011-12-20 | Metabasis Therapeutics, Inc. | Phosphorus-containing prodrugs |
US7303739B2 (en) | 1999-09-08 | 2007-12-04 | Metabasis Therapeutics, Inc. | Prodrugs for liver specific drug delivery |
US7371739B2 (en) | 2000-03-08 | 2008-05-13 | Metabasis Therapeutics, Inc. | Aryl fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase inhibitors |
US6919322B2 (en) | 2000-03-08 | 2005-07-19 | Metabasis Therapeutics, Inc. | Phenyl Phosphonate Fructose-1,6-Bisphosphatase Inhibitors |
US7563774B2 (en) | 2000-06-29 | 2009-07-21 | Metabasis Therapeutics, Inc. | Combination of FBPase inhibitors and antidiabetic agents useful for the treatment of diabetes |
US7829552B2 (en) | 2003-11-19 | 2010-11-09 | Metabasis Therapeutics, Inc. | Phosphorus-containing thyromimetics |
EP2428516A1 (en) | 2003-11-19 | 2012-03-14 | Metabasis Therapeutics, Inc. | Novel phosphorus-containing thyromimetics |
US10925885B2 (en) | 2005-05-26 | 2021-02-23 | Metabasis Therapeutics, Inc. | Thyromimetics for the treatment of fatty liver diseases |
US10130643B2 (en) | 2005-05-26 | 2018-11-20 | Metabasis Therapeutics, Inc. | Thyromimetics for the treatment of fatty liver diseases |
EP2786985A2 (en) | 2007-02-09 | 2014-10-08 | Metabasis Therapeutics, Inc. | Antagonists of the glucagon receptor |
US9169201B2 (en) | 2007-02-09 | 2015-10-27 | Metabasis Therapeutics, Inc. | Antagonists of the glucagon receptor |
US9701626B2 (en) | 2007-02-09 | 2017-07-11 | Metabasis Therapeutics, Inc. | Antagonists of the glucagon receptor |
US10807946B2 (en) | 2007-02-09 | 2020-10-20 | Metabasis Therapeutics, Inc. | Antagonists of the glucagon receptor |
US10239829B2 (en) | 2007-02-09 | 2019-03-26 | Metabasis Therapeutics, Inc. | Antagonists of the glucagon receptor |
US8710236B2 (en) | 2007-02-09 | 2014-04-29 | Metabasis Therapeutics, Inc. | Antagonists of the glucagon receptor |
US8940927B2 (en) | 2007-08-13 | 2015-01-27 | Metabasis Therapeutics, Inc. | Activators of glucokinase |
US9522926B2 (en) | 2007-08-13 | 2016-12-20 | Metabasis Therapeutics, Inc. | Activators of glucokinase |
US10174062B2 (en) | 2007-08-13 | 2019-01-08 | Metabasis Therapeutics, Inc. | Activators of glucokinase |
US9783494B2 (en) | 2008-08-13 | 2017-10-10 | Metabasis Therapeutics, Inc. | Glucagon antagonists |
US10221130B2 (en) | 2008-08-13 | 2019-03-05 | Metabasis Therapeutics, Inc. | Glucagon antagonists |
US8907103B2 (en) | 2008-08-13 | 2014-12-09 | Metabasis Therapeutics, Inc. | Glucagon antagonists |
US11352321B2 (en) | 2008-08-13 | 2022-06-07 | Metabasis Therapeutics, Inc. | Glucagon antagonists |
US10449210B2 (en) | 2014-02-13 | 2019-10-22 | Ligand Pharmaceuticals Inc. | Prodrug compounds and their uses |
US11278559B2 (en) | 2014-02-13 | 2022-03-22 | Ligand Pharmaceuticals Incorporated | Prodrug compounds and their uses |
US10076504B2 (en) | 2014-06-12 | 2018-09-18 | Ligand Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Glucagon antagonists |
US10150788B2 (en) | 2014-07-02 | 2018-12-11 | Ligand Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Prodrug compounds and uses thereof |
US9994600B2 (en) | 2014-07-02 | 2018-06-12 | Ligand Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Prodrug compounds and uses therof |
US11202789B2 (en) | 2016-11-21 | 2021-12-21 | Viking Therapeutics, Inc. | Method of treating glycogen storage disease |
US11707472B2 (en) | 2017-06-05 | 2023-07-25 | Viking Therapeutics, Inc. | Compositions for the treatment of fibrosis |
US11787828B2 (en) | 2018-03-22 | 2023-10-17 | Viking Therapeutics, Inc. | Crystalline forms and methods of producing crystalline forms of a compound |
US11970482B2 (en) | 2019-01-08 | 2024-04-30 | Ligand Pharmaceuticals Inc. | Acetal compounds and therapeutic uses thereof |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US4968788A (en) | 1990-11-06 |
AU4959290A (en) | 1990-08-13 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US4968788A (en) | Biologically reversible phosphate and phosphonate protective gruops | |
US4816570A (en) | Biologically reversible phosphate and phosphonate protective groups | |
US6555676B2 (en) | Biologically active phosphotriester-type compounds | |
Farquhar et al. | Synthesis and antitumor evaluation of bis [(pivaloyloxy) methyl] 2'-deoxy-5-fluorouridine 5'-monophosphate (FdUMP): a strategy to introduce nucleotides into cells | |
Smith et al. | Nucleoside Polyphosphates. VI. 1 An Improved and General Method for the Synthesis of Ribo-and Deoxyribonucleoside 5'-Triphosphates | |
US6025335A (en) | L-Nucleoside Dimer Compounds and therapeutic uses | |
Van Boom et al. | The application of levulinic acid as protective group to the synthesis of tetradecaribonucleotide U‐A‐U‐A‐U‐A‐U‐A‐U‐A‐U‐A‐U‐A via the modified phosphotriester method | |
Verheyden et al. | Halosugar nucleosides. II. Iodination of secondary hydroxyl groups of nucleosides with methyltriphenoxyphosphonium iodide | |
US5849905A (en) | Biologically active phosphotriester-type nucleosides and methods for preparing same | |
Marquez et al. | Thiazole-4-carboxamide adenine dinucleotide (TAD). Analogs stable to phosphodiesterase hydrolysis | |
WO1996032403A2 (en) | Novel cytosine and cytidine derivatives | |
US5770725A (en) | Phosphotriester type biologically active compounds | |
CN111187325B (en) | Antitumor (4' R) -methyl-alpha-L-ribofuranose nucleoside and preparation method thereof | |
Ohtsuka et al. | Studies on transfer ribonucleic acids and related compounds. 29. Synthesis of a decaribonucleotide of Escherichia coli tRNAfMet (bases 11-20) using a new phosphorylating reagent | |
Raju et al. | Synthesis and biological properties of purine and pyrimidine 5'-deoxy-5'-(dihydroxyphosphinyl)-. beta.-D-ribofuranosyl analogs of AMP, GMP, IMP, and CMP | |
Mullah et al. | Potential prodrug derivatives of 2', 3'-didehydro-2', 3'-dideoxynucleosides. Preparations and antiviral activities | |
US3787392A (en) | Process for the preparation of nucleoside diphosphate esters | |
Séquin et al. | Nucleosides and Nucleotides. Part 2: Synthesis of both anomers of 1‐(5′‐O‐phosphoryl‐2′‐deoxy‐d‐ribofuranosyl)‐2 (1H)‐pyridone [1] | |
Li et al. | Synthesis of a dinucleoside 3′-S-phosphorothiolate containing 2′-deoxy-3′-thioadenosine | |
Shealy et al. | Cyclopentyl derivatives of 8‐azahypoxanthine and 8‐azaadenine. Carbocyclic analogs of 8‐azainosine and 8‐azaadenosine | |
Kumar et al. | Aminoacyl derivatives of nucleosides, nucleotides and polynucleotides. Part 35. Synthesis of 2'(3')-O-aminoacyl triribonucleoside diphosphates using the triester method | |
Bennett et al. | 2'-0-(α-Methoxyethyl) nucleoside 5'-diphosphates as single-addition substrates in the synthesis of specific oligoribonucleotides with polynucleotide phosphorylase | |
Yamamoto et al. | Synthesis of 1, 2, 3, 5-tetra-O-acetyl-4-deoxy-4-C-[(RS)-ethylphosphinyl]-. alpha.,. beta.-D-ribo-and-L-lyxofuranoses and their structural analysis by 400-MHz proton nuclear magnetic resonance | |
Den Hartog et al. | Chemical synthesis of pppA2'p5'A2'p5'A, an interferon-induced inhibitor of protein synthesis, and some functional analogs | |
Endová et al. | 2′, 3′-O-Phosphonoalkylidene derivatives of ribonucleosides: Synthesis and reactivity |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AK | Designated states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AT AU BB BG BR CH DE DK ES FI GB HU JP KP KR LK LU MC MG MW NL NO RO SD SE SU |
|
AL | Designated countries for regional patents |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AT BE BF BJ CF CG CH CM DE ES FR GA GB IT LU ML MR NL SE SN TD TG |
|
REG | Reference to national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: 8642 |