WO1991003277A1

WO1991003277A1 - Respirator for protection against the influence of cold air

Info

Publication number: WO1991003277A1
Application number: PCT/SU1989/000236
Authority: WO
Inventors: Lev Iosifovich Tuchinsky; Igor Mikhailovich Naumenko; Oleg Borisovich Strelchuk; Elena Lvovna Prokofieva; Alexandr Mikhailovich Lysakov
Original assignee: Institut Problem Materialovedenia Imeni I.N.Frantsevicha Akademii Nauk Ukrainskoi Ssr
Priority date: 1989-09-08
Filing date: 1989-09-08
Publication date: 1991-03-21

Abstract

The respirator comprises a mask (1) embracing the nose and the mouth and provided with a strip (2) for fastening it to the head. To the mask (1) is secured a heat exchanger (3) made of a highly heat-conducting material. The heat exchanger (3) is provided with straight through-channels (4) oriented along the axis of the heat exchanger (3). The ratio between the total volume of the channels (4) and the total volume of the heat exchanger (3) is 30-80 %. As the expired air passes through the channels (4) of the heat exchanger (3), it gives heat to the material of the heat exchanger, and the vapour contained in the air is partially condensed. The condensate is removed outside along the walls of the channels (4). The expired air is heated while passing through the channels (4) and thus warm air arrives at the respiratory organs.

Description

ΡΕSPIΡΑΤΟΡ DAYA PROTECTION ΟΤ

ΒΟΒΟΕΕΤΒΤΒΤΒ οддο ΒΟ ΧΑΒΟΧΑΒΟΧΑΧΑ

TEXT TECHNOLOGY

The invention is subject to 5 individual protection devices, and the name is to the devices for protecting the air inlet from the air. Such products use and operate or operate under conditions of low temperature, for example, in the case of aromatic, but not expensive.

10 PREVIOUS TECHNOLOGY

For the protection of breathing, there is a wide range of use of the product from the product, and the use of all kinds of food from it is a matter of a certain degree.

15 The basic principle of such devices is the use of the heat exchanger, which is used to allow the movement of air through the air and exhaust air. In the breathing process, part of the exhaust air is transferred to the heat exchanger material. Good outdoor traffic, through the heat-

20 meniscus, it is heated, so that in the human respiratory tract, the heated air is emptied.

One of these devices is a distributor (СΗ, Α, 446916), which includes a heat exchanger, which is installed in a flexible, unused system.

25 limon waves, for example nipple ramp wave. Οdnaκο, uκazanny ρesπiρaτορ not mοzheτ eκsπluaτiρο- vaτsya dliτelnοe vρemya, τaκ κaκ ^{'οbρazuyuschiysya} πρi dyχanii κοndensaτ sκashshvaeτsya in πορaχ τeπlοοbmenniκa, chτο πρivο- diτ κ increase sοπροτivleniya dyχaniyu. At a temperature

30 puffing air below 0 ° C will result in freezing of the resulting condensate and freezing of the heat exchanger.

However, for the most part, the data is wise because it is characterized by a low thermal coefficient, and the inter-

35 to breathing air, waves and breathing air ΡСΤ / δυ89 / 00236

- 2 - and with significant negative heat exchanger temperature, it does not provide the necessary degree of heating of the coolant.

In order to increase the efficiency of the exchange of goods in the economy

5 It was recommended to use exchangers, you. made from metal materials, they are characterized by high thermal properties.

All materials are used in the distributor for example, С, 2436436. The indicated distributor contains the mask, I get it-

10 nos and ροτ, with a non-exchangeable. The exchanger is a non-metallic network. In order to increase the efficiency of the exchange between the exhaled air, the network and the exhaled air, it is recommended to disconnect the

15 Pρi znachiτelnοm τemπeρaτuρy οκρuzhayuschegο vοzduχa decrease below 0 ° C in isποlzοvanie τeπlοοbmenniκe izvesτnο- gο ρesπiρaτορa meτallichesκiχ seτοκ not ποzvοlyaeτ οsuschesτ- viτ neοbχοdimy ποdοgρev χοlοdnοgο vοzduχa vsledsτvie οgρanichennοy ποveρχnοsτi τeπlοοbmena.

20 In addition, the specified appliance is also unable to operate under conditions of low temperature;

25 DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION

For the most part, the task of creating a respirator for protecting breathing, for example, is to allow the user to pay attention to the matter

30 heats of inhaled air, which helps to improve the operational characteristics of the cooler.

The task posed is resolved by the fact that in the process of protection for protection of the good air, which contains the mask, the rest of the nose and the medium of the person equipped with the medium

35 of her laziness at the head of the user, as well as a convenient exchanger located on the path of the air movement to the exhaust air - 3 - and οτ niχ, vyποlnennym of maτeρiala, οbladayuschegο vysοκοy τeπlοπροvοdnοsτyu, sοglasnο izοbρeτeniyu in uκazannοm τe- πlοοbmenniκe vyποlnenο mnοzhesτvο sκvοznyχ κanalοv, ορien- τiροvannyχ vdοl οsi τeπlορbmenniκa and ρassρedοτοchennyχ

5 πο π ο аз е еч с с с section of the indicated heat exchanger. ^; _;

Here and further, a line is used here and hereinafter, a simple exchange is used, which is an alternative to the exchange of traffic.

10 to the user and to the user. -

For materials that are equipped with a high degree of convenience, hereinafter, for the purposes of the present invention, material which has a lower temperature factor of not more than 20 is taken into account.

15 Βyποlnenie τeshιοοbmenniκa, snabzhennοgο mnοzhesτvοm sκvοznyχ κanalοv, ορienτiροvannyχ vdοl οsi dannοgο τeπlο οbmenniκa and ρassρedοτοchennyχ πο ποπeρechnοmu cross section dannοgο τeshιοοbmenniκa, ποzvοlyaeτ οbesπechivaτ dοsτaτοchny HA gρev vdyχaemοgο vοzduχa. The effect is achieved thanks to

20 to the transfer of payment.

As a result of the increase in volume, occupied by indirect channels, the total volume of the heat exchanger is less than 30, the ventilation is on, and the

25 τaκ and vydyχaemy, budeτ slishκοm bysτρο προχοdiτ cheρez τeπlοοbmenniκ, chτο not ποzvοliτ udοvleτvορiτelnο uτilizi- ροvaτ τeπlο vydyχaemοgο vοzduχa and οbesπechiτ neοbχοdimuyu SΤΘΠΘΗ ποdοgρeva vdyχaemοgο vοzduχa - ρeκοmendueτsya, chτοby οτnοshenie οbema, zanimaemοgο mnοzhesτvοm κanalοv κ

30 total volume of the exchange, made up 30 ... 80%.

The indicated mod- ification of the air intake allows you to ensure the necessary degree of heating by breathing in air at a low air pollution.

To simplify the flow of fumes and breathing it is

35 den- sity at the walls of the indirect channels are recommended to use the indirect channels to execute the linear ones.

The specified modification of the distributor will partially - 4 - Responsible for breathing out the condensate at the end of the process.

It is possible to carry out interchangeable channels on the essence of the screws, and at the same time, the change of the channel diameter to the step

5 helix is 0.01 ... 0.1.

If you move the air in the winch channel, you will receive a stream of the flow, and in this case, you will have to pay for the sale of the goods and the goods are not subject to any taxes. Τ ο τ τ τ,,, related

10 particulate matter from dust is removed from the waste stream by the use of the centrifugal discharge, so that there is a partial discharge from the exhaust. When the channel diameter is less than a helix pitch of less than 0.01, the heating efficiency is reduced and, moreover, deteriorates

15 degrees of reckoning of respirable air. If the diameter of the channels is increased by a pitch of a helix of more than 0.1, there is a risk of inhalation of the air at the inlet and outlet of the ventilation unit, which causes ventilation problems.

The specified modulation of the distributor makes it possible to intensify

20 Process the exchange between the intake of heat, that of the exhaust, and the exchange of heat, as well as the partial respiration.

It is feasible in the additional exchange to carry out the camera, communicating through the well-known channels _; with use-

25 τelem with οdnοy sτοροny, and οκρuzhayuschey sρedοy with dρugοy sτοροny having οτveρsτie for οτvοda κοndensaτa in bοκο- vοy sτenκe dannοy κameρy on uchasτκe, ρasποlοzhenyum closer κ ποdbοροdκu, πρi eτοm κameρy length sοsτavlyaeτ 0.2 ... 0.4 heat exchanger lengths.

30 At the entrance to the chamber, the exhaust flow of the breathing air falls out, and the dust particles that are released from the breathing air are released from the breathing air. Β case, the entire length of the camera is less than 0.2 times the length of the heat exchanger, the required degree of calculation is not provided

35 airways. With an increase in the chamber length over 0.4 times the length of the exchange, the inhaled air does not accelerate to warm up to the necessary temperature. - 5 -

The indicated mod- ification of the discharge of the ventilator makes it possible to ensure the necessary degree of heating of the exhaust air, as well as the extracting air.

5 Quick Descriptions of Drawings

Further izοbρeτenie ποyasnyaeτsya ποdροbnym οπisaniem luch- shegο vaρianτa izοbρeτeniya sο ssylκami on cheρτezhi on κοτο- ρyχ: φig.Ι sχemaτichesκi izοbρazhaeτ οbschy view ρesπiρaτορa with Yu chasτichnym vyρyvοm on sτenκe τeπlοοbmenniκa for shιlyusτρatsii vinτοοbρaznyχ κanalοv, sοglasnο izοόρeτeniyu; Fig. 2 schematically depicts a cross-disconnector, according to the invention of 15 Fig. 3. Fig. 4 schematically illustrates a total δ view of the appliance with a partial blowout on the heat exchanger wall 20 for illustrating the exchange of equipment, which is supplied with the camera; Fig. 5 schematically depicts a separate version as a result of a heat exchanger, shown in Fig. 4.

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

25 Κaκ ποκazanο on φig.Ι, ρesπiρaτορ for zaschiτy οτ vοz- deysτviya χοlοdnοgο vοzduχa sοdeρzhiτ masκu I, οχvaτyvayuschuyu nοs and ροτ ποlzοvaτelya equipped τesmοy 2 for its κρeπ- Lenia on gοlοve and equipped τeπlοοbmenniκοm 3 naπρi- meρ tsilindρichesκοy φορmy, vyποlnennym from material, χаρаκ-

30 ongoing high temperature control. Аче On the other hand, metal may be used, for example aluminum. In the case of exchange 3, there are related exchanges of channels 4, and this is also the case for exchanging channels 4.

- 6 - the volume occupied by channels 4 to the total volume of the heat exchanger 3, is 30 ... 80 (Fig. 2). Channels 4 can be linear, as shown in Fig. 3.

Τaκzhe κanaly 4 mοguτ byτ vyπαlneny vinτοοbρaznymi, πρi eτοm οτnοshenie diameτροv κanalοv κ step vinτοvο ^'th sοsτavlyaeτ The lines 0,01 ... 0,1 (u. I).

Otherwise, as shown in Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 in the exchanger 3 can be performed by camera 5, which communicates with channels 4 with the user, with the other side, and the vehicle, with the other side. On the side wall of the 6th chamber 5 at the station, located closer to the courtyard, there is a response of 7 for the payment of compensation. The length of chamber 5 is 0.2 ... 0.4 of the length of the heat exchanger 3.

The machine works as follows. Expected air, passing through the interchangeable 3 channel 4 exchanges, for example, has a non-linear mode, it is slightly lighter When the air is cooled, the vapors contained in it are partially condensed. Κοndensaτ in vi- de πlenκi οsazhdaeτsya on sτenκaχ κanalοv 4 and zaτem ποd deysτviem force τyazhesτi samοτοκοm vyvοdiτsya naρuzhu τeπlοοbmenniκa 3. Pρi vdοχe χοlοdny naρuzhny vοzduχ, προχοdya cheρez κanaly 4 τeπlοοbmenniκa 3 nagρevaeτsya, τaκim οbρa- zοm in ορgany dyχaniya ποlzοvaτelya ποsτuπaeτ you got it, puhi. Β case κοgda sκvοznye κanaly 4 vyποlneny vinτοοb- ρaznymi, προisχοdiτ τuρbulizatsiya vοzyaushnοgο ποτοκa (φig.Ι) .. Chasτitsy πyli, sοdeρzhaschiesya vο vdyχaemοm vοzduχe, ποd deysτ- viem tsenτροbezhnοy force vοzniκayuschey in zaviχρennοm vοzdush- nοm ποτοκe, dvigayuτsya κ sτenκam κanalοv 4, where a film of condensation is detected. Removing the condensate, as well as dust deposited in it, occurs in the same way, as in the case of direct linear channels.

Pρi present in τeπlοοbmenniκe 3 κameρy 5 sοοbschayuschey- Xia κanalami 4 ποlzοvaτelem and οκρuzhayuschey sρedοy and ime- guide in bοκοvοy sτenκe 6 uchasτκe, ρasποlοzhennοm closer κ ποdbοροdκu, οτveρsτie 7 οτvοda κοndensaτa, removal of κοndensaτa πeρvοy πο χοdu vydyχaemοgο vοzduχa chasτi - 7 - heat exchanger 3 occurs through step 7 (Fig. 4,5). Pρi eτοm κοndensaτa removal of vτοροy πο χοdu vydyχaemο- gο vοzdu ^χ and chasτi τeπlοοbmenniκa 3 προisχοdiτ, κaκ bylο οπisanο above samοτeκοm. Going into the camera 5, speed up

5 τοκa vdyχaemοgο vοzduχa ρezκο πadaeτ in ρezulτaτe chogο chasτiπy πyli, sοdeρzhaschiesya in vοzdushnοm ποτοκe, ποd deysτ- viem τyazhesτi πadayuτ force on dnο κameρy 5 and vmesτe with κοn- densaτοm vyvοdyaτsya naρuzhu cheρez οτveρsτie 7 οτvοda κοndensaτa. Further, the invention is explained in the following.

10 below πρimers. Ρime ρ I

A fan that supports a cylindrical housing, made of aluminum, with direct indirect channels connected to it from the outside.

15 exchanger, it was tested at the temperature of the cooling medium of the cooling air -... ... 34 ° С. The length of the heat exchanger was 40 mm, the diameter was 33 mm, and the diameter of the indirect channels was 2.5 mm. I Table I shows the values of the temperature of the heated breathing air and the resistance to breathing and various temperatures

20 ma, occupied by channels, to the total volume of the heat exchanger.

Table I

The volumetric volume under study, occupied by the performance of the channels, to the total volume of the heat exchanger

20 30 50 80 90

The facility is heated for respirable air, ° C 21.3 19.6 16.3 12.4 8.7

Respiratory resistance, mm water. ct. 1.2 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.8

As can be seen from the table, while reducing the volume consumption, the channels occupied by the total volume of the heat exchanger are below 30%, the resistance to smoke increases. Β But at the same time, and an increase in this ratio above 80% ΡСΤ / 5υ89 0

- 8 - The intake of heated breathing air was lower than the lowest physical temperature (9 ° C). NOTE 2

Ρesπiρaτορ, sοdeρzhaschy τeπlοοbmenniκ tsilindρichesκοy 5 φορmy, vyποlnenny aluminum sο sκvοznymi κanalami lρe- imuschesτvennο vinτοοbρaznοy φορmy, ορienτiροvannymi vdοl οsi dannοgο τeπlοοbmenniκa was isπyτan πρi uslοviyaχ, analogous lοgichnyχ οπisannym in πρimeρe I. The length of the heat exchanger is 20 mm, the diameter of the heat exchanger is 33 mm, the diameter of the channels is 10 2.5 mm. The volume occupancy, occupied by the channels, to the total volume of the exchange of exchanges was 50%. Isτοchniκοm ae ^'rο- zοlya served ρuchnaya dugοvaya svaρκa. The concentration of dust was divided by the weight method and in the zone of breathing outside the mask was 23.5 ... 27.0 mg / m ³ . 15 Β Table 2 shows the results of test tests for various differences in the channel diameter for the pitch of the screw.

Table 2

Investigated Ratio of the channel diameter to the pitch of the screw

0.005 0.01 0, 05 0.1 0, 15

The facility is heated for respirable air, ° C 6.9 10.1 10.5 11.2 12.2

Resistance to smoke, mm water. ct. 0.5 0.5 1.0 1.0 3.5

As you can see from the table, it is possible to reach a good temperature when the air is breathing out and the ventilation is at a minimum of 0.1. Β In case of reduction of this expense less than 0.01, the required calculated calculation of respirable air is not ensured, and with an increase in the cost of this air is more than 0.1% of the waste air. - 9 -

NOTE 3

A distributor was tested that contained a heat exchanger of cylindrical form made of aluminum, with indirect circuits that were parallel to the one that was variable. Dπina and diameτρ τeπlοοbmenniκa and τaκzhe diameτρ ^'κa- nalοv - τaκie same κaκ and πρimeρe I. Οτnοsheni οbema, za- nimaemοgο κanalami κ οbschemu οbemu τeπlοοbmenniκa, sοsτav- lyalο 50%. The camera has been exchanged, connected by channels with the user and the atmosphere. The side wall of the camera at the site of the exchangers located closer to the “home” had the option to remove the counter.

The conditions of the tests are similar to those described in Example 2.

3 Table 3 shows the test results for different lengths of the camera and the length of the heat exchanger.

Table 3

Investigated method of reducing the length of the camera to the length of the heat exchanger

Pressurized heater 12.1 11.9 11.0 10.9 7.4 ° C Resistance to smoke, mm of water. Village 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.0

15 As can be seen from the table, by increasing the size of the camera, the temperature of the heated, inhaled air was gradually reduced.

A weekly acceptable concentration of dust in the area of breathing for electric air is 4 mg / m ³ .

20 Pοeτοmu and τaκzhe in connection with τem, chτο dοπusτimym lower πρedelοm τemπeρaτuρy vdyχaemοgο vοzduχa yavlyaeτsya 9 ° C dο- sτaτοchny nagρev vdyχaemοgο vοzduχa and dοsτaτοchnaya sτeπen οchisτκi were οbesπecheny, κaκ vidnο of τablitsy 3 πρi οτ- nοshenii length κameρy κ length τeπlοοbmenniκa in πρdayχ

25 0.2 ... 0.4. - 10 -

Intended use

Ρesπiρaτορy for zaschiτy ορganοv dyχaniya ποlzοvaτelya οτ vοzdeysτviya χοlοdnοgο vοzduχa πρimenimy in uslοviyaχ nizκiχ τemπeρaτuρ οκρuzhayuschoy ορedy, ποlezny, naπρimeρ 5 to geοlοgοv, sπορτsmenοv, ρabοchiχ-mοnτazhniκοv.

Claims

ΦΟΡΜУΙΑ ΙΑΟΟΡΕΤΕΗΡΕΤΕΗ

1. A product for the protection of the respiratory system from the use of a good air conditioner, containing a mask, a nose and a human body equipped with accessories for food

5 it to gοlοve and τaκzhe τeshιοοbmenniκοm, ρasποlοzhennym on πuτi movement vοzduχa κ ορganam dyχaniya and οτ niχ, vyποl- defects being maτeρiala, οbladayuschegο vysοκοy τeshιοπροvοdnοs- - τyu, οτlichayuschiysya τem, chτο in τeπlοοbmenniκe vyποlnenο mnοzhesτvο sκvοznyχ κanalοv, ορienτiροvannyχ vdοl ρsi τeπ-

10 exchanger and the associated cross-section of the heat exchanger.

2. The distributor is free of charge, that is, a decrease in the volume occupied by a large number of channels for a total exchange of 80%.

15 3. Distribution π.Ι, which is characterized by the fact that the channels are executed linearly.

4. The distributor is simple, that the channels are executed by means of essentially screw-type ones, while the channel is removed by turning the screw on

20 0.01-0.1.

5. The distributor is supplied with a quick coupler that is connected to exhaust air, which is

25 is 0.2–0.4 times the length of the heat exchanger, in addition to the side wall of the camera at the land of the heat exchanger, which is closer to the consumer,