WO1991005180A1 - A progressive air spring - Google Patents

A progressive air spring Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO1991005180A1
WO1991005180A1 PCT/SE1990/000628 SE9000628W WO9105180A1 WO 1991005180 A1 WO1991005180 A1 WO 1991005180A1 SE 9000628 W SE9000628 W SE 9000628W WO 9105180 A1 WO9105180 A1 WO 9105180A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
spring
gas
vessel
gas spring
piston
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/SE1990/000628
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Ingvar Ekdahl
Original Assignee
Be-Ge Industri Aktiebolag
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Be-Ge Industri Aktiebolag filed Critical Be-Ge Industri Aktiebolag
Publication of WO1991005180A1 publication Critical patent/WO1991005180A1/en

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60N—SEATS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES; VEHICLE PASSENGER ACCOMMODATION NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60N2/00—Seats specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement or mounting of seats in vehicles
    • B60N2/50—Seat suspension devices
    • B60N2/501—Seat suspension devices actively controlled suspension, e.g. electronic control
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60N—SEATS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES; VEHICLE PASSENGER ACCOMMODATION NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60N2/00—Seats specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement or mounting of seats in vehicles
    • B60N2/50—Seat suspension devices
    • B60N2/505—Adjustable suspension including height adjustment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60N—SEATS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES; VEHICLE PASSENGER ACCOMMODATION NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60N2/00—Seats specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement or mounting of seats in vehicles
    • B60N2/50—Seat suspension devices
    • B60N2/52—Seat suspension devices using fluid means
    • B60N2/525—Seat suspension devices using fluid means using gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F9/00—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium
    • F16F9/02—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium using gas only or vacuum
    • F16F9/0209—Telescopic
    • F16F9/0245—Means for adjusting the length of, or for locking, the spring or dampers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2202/00—Indexing codes relating to the type of spring, damper or actuator
    • B60G2202/10—Type of spring
    • B60G2202/15—Fluid spring
    • B60G2202/154—Fluid spring with an accumulator
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2400/00—Indexing codes relating to detected, measured or calculated conditions or factors
    • B60G2400/25—Stroke; Height; Displacement
    • B60G2400/252—Stroke; Height; Displacement vertical
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2500/00—Indexing codes relating to the regulated action or device
    • B60G2500/20—Spring action or springs
    • B60G2500/22—Spring constant

Definitions

  • the spring constant must less than 0.8 N/mm, if the resonance frequency of the driv and his seat will fall below 0.5 Hz.
  • the spring ought to have a low spring constant, when the strokes upwards or downwards are moderate, e.g. 15-20 downwards and 10-15 mm upwards. Subsequently, the spring ought to be progressive in order to avoid too large move ⁇ ments in the vertical direction.
  • the object of the present invention is to suggest a device, by means of which the drawbacks of known devices can- be eli minated.
  • the object is to suggest a spring devic which provides a progressive spring suspension with a very low spring constant, when the strokes of the spring are moderate, the space requirement of the spring at the same time being small.
  • a device which comprises a' gas spring, a gas-tight vessel with a volume, which is more than twice as large as the maximum gas volume of the spring, a pneumatic connection between the gas spring and the vessel as well as means designed to maintain said pneu- matic connection, when the strokes of the spring are mode ⁇ rate, and to disconnect the pneumatic connection, when the strokes of the spring are larger.
  • the gas-tight vessel can be placed somewhere adjacent e.g. the driver's seat and thus will not intrude on the scarce space, which is available for the mounting of the spring device. Also, the gas-tight space can be designed and ad ⁇ justed with regard for the available spaces.
  • Fig. 3 shows an additional embodiment of the device accor ⁇ ding to the invention
  • Fig. 4 shows schematicly how the device according to Fig. 3 can be used to support a driver's seat.
  • a gas spring 18 comprises a cylinder 17, a pisto 19 as well as a resilient gas volume 10.
  • Gas spring 18 is connected to a gas vessel 5a by means of a pneumatic conne tion 9a, which includes a gas conduit 16, a valve 14 and a check valve 15.
  • the piston rod which is attached to piston 19, is provide with a lifter 12, which via a roller 13 actuates valve 14 order to close it, when the deviation of the piston upwards or downwards from a certain zero position or initial posi ⁇ tion is exceeded.
  • Check valve 15 mainly has a balancing function, particularly in connection with the closing and the opening of valve 14.
  • the resilient gas volume includes partly space 10 and partl contents 11a of gas-tight vessel 5a.
  • the connection between gas spring 18 and vessel 11a is closed and consequently the resilient gas volume is reduced considerably.
  • the spring device according to Fig. 1 will have a sof resilience, when the deviations from the initial position are moderate. When the deviations from the initial position are larger, the resilience will be tougher in connection wi the reduction of the resilient gas volume.
  • the spring device will have a comparatively low sprin constant, when the gas connection between gas spring 18 and vessel 5a is open.
  • the value of the spring constant will be substantially higher, when valve 14 is closed, because pis ⁇ ton 19 reaches a position with a larger deviation fro ⁇ the initial position.
  • Arrow 20 indicates a device, which feeds gas to gas spring 18.
  • Air feed 20 can be done manually or automaticly.
  • the permanent load varies, e.g. if the loads are different drivers on a seat, who have different weights, it is possibl to adjust the zero position or initial position by means of a pressure increase or pressure decrease.
  • the pneumatic con ⁇ nection between gas spring 18 and vessel 5a comprises a con ⁇ duit 16 and a cylinder valve 3.
  • Cylinder valve 3 includes a piston 2, which in its upper position seals against a seat 7 and in its lower position seals against a seat 6.
  • a spring 4 is designed to bring back piston 2 to its initial position between seats 6 and 7. The return to the initial position is possible, because a certain leakage exists between the cy- lindric part of cylinder valve 3 and piston 2.
  • the piston can be provided with openings or a hole 21, designed to increase the leakage, shown in Fig. 2.
  • the initial position of the piston can be adjusted in order to adapt it to diffe- rent loads, by means of device 20 for the gas feed.
  • This de ⁇ vice is identical with the device shown in the spring device according to Fig. 1.
  • piston 19 in the device according to Fig. 2 is loaded, a compression in space 10 being obtained, piston 2 will be raised and at the same time the gas in vessel 5a will be compressed, provided the loads are moderate and the devia ⁇ tions from the initial positions of pistons 19,2 are mode ⁇ rate.
  • the load is larger and consequently the devia- tion from the initial position of piston 19 is larger, pis ⁇ ton 2 will also obtain a larger deviation from its initial position. Piston 2 will then reach either seat 6 or seat 7. As soon as piston 2 has reached one of these seats, a con ⁇ tinued movement in the same direction of piston 2 will be stopped.
  • the stroke of piston 19 is larger, the movement of piston 2 will be limited by seats 6 and 7.
  • the devices according to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 have a similar mode of operation with a soft spring suspension with a smal spring constant, when the deviation of piston 19 from its initial position is moderate, and with a tough spring sus ⁇ pension, when the deviation exceeds certain limit values upwards or downwards.
  • Fig. 3 shows a preferred embodiment of a spring device, which basically is constructed like the device according to Fig. 2.
  • the spring device includes a gas spring 18c, a tight gas vessel 5b as well as a pneumatic connection 9c between gas spring 18c and gas vessel 5c.
  • Air spring 18c comprises a bellows 1, which contains a gas volume 10c, and a base plate 8.
  • Pneumatic connection 9c between air spring 18c and vessel 5b comprises a cylinder 3b, a piston 2b as well as a spring 4b.
  • volume 10c which is con ⁇ tained in bellows 1 will decrease, which moves piston 2b up ⁇ wards towards seat 7b.
  • the resilient gas volume comprises gas volume 10c and gas volume lie, which is contained in vessel 5b.
  • the gas volume is fairly large and the spring suspension is soft.
  • the resilient gas volume will comprise only volume 10c, which results in a tougher spring suspension.
  • the initial position or zero position of piston 2 preferably is located slightly below the center point between seats 7b and 6b. Piston 2 is retained in this position and is returne to the zero position by providing a suitable leakage between piston 2 and cylinder 3b. With varying premanent loads the elevation of the spring device, i.e. the elevation of the upper surface of container 5b as compared to base plate 8, can be adjusted by changing the permanent pressure of the system.

Abstract

A progressive gas spring device, designed e.g. for drivers' seats in trucks. This device includes a gas spring (18, 18c), a gas-tight vessel (5, 5c) as well as between the gas spring and the vessel, a pneumatic connection (9a, 9b, 9c), which comprises elements (14, 3, 3c), designed to maintain said pneumatic connection, when the strokes of the spring are moderate, and to disconnect said pneumatic connection, when the strokes of the spring are larger.

Description

A PROGRESSIVE AIR SPRING
THE TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention relates to a progressive gas spring device, designed to support e.g. the driver's seat in a truck.
THE BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION AND THE STATE OF THE ART Investigations performed of vibrations in trucks and simil vehicles have shown, that these vehicles generally have a v ration maximum in the vertical direction with a frequency o about 2 Hz. The maximum acceleration of these vibrations c be as high as 1 g for a modern truck. Thus, a seat and the driver in it ought to have a resonance frequency of less than 0.5 Hz.
If the weight of the driver is about 80 kg and the movable mass of the seat is about 20 kg, the spring constant must less than 0.8 N/mm, if the resonance frequency of the driv and his seat will fall below 0.5 Hz.
Thus, the spring ought to have a low spring constant, when the strokes upwards or downwards are moderate, e.g. 15-20 downwards and 10-15 mm upwards. Subsequently, the spring ought to be progressive in order to avoid too large move¬ ments in the vertical direction.
Known mechnical or pneumatic spring systems require a sub¬ stantial space in order to make the spring device progress and simultaneously give it the above-mentioned low spring constant.
A DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The object of the present invention is to suggest a device, by means of which the drawbacks of known devices can- be eli minated. Primarily, the object is to suggest a spring devic which provides a progressive spring suspension with a very low spring constant, when the strokes of the spring are moderate, the space requirement of the spring at the same time being small.
This object has been attained with a device, which comprises a' gas spring, a gas-tight vessel with a volume, which is more than twice as large as the maximum gas volume of the spring, a pneumatic connection between the gas spring and the vessel as well as means designed to maintain said pneu- matic connection, when the strokes of the spring are mode¬ rate, and to disconnect the pneumatic connection, when the strokes of the spring are larger.
The gas-tight vessel can be placed somewhere adjacent e.g. the driver's seat and thus will not intrude on the scarce space, which is available for the mounting of the spring device. Also, the gas-tight space can be designed and ad¬ justed with regard for the available spaces.
Additional characterizing features and advantages of the present invention will be set forth in the following de¬ scription as well as the following patent claims.
A BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS In the following description reference will be made to the accompanying drawings, in which:
Fig. 1 shows the basic construction of a progressive gas spring according to the invention; Fig. 2 shows an embodiment, having a piston cylinder as a pneumatic connection between the gas spring and a gas ves¬ sel;
Fig. 3 shows an additional embodiment of the device accor¬ ding to the invention; and Fig. 4 shows schematicly how the device according to Fig. 3 can be used to support a driver's seat. A DESCRIPTION OF A PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
In Fig. 1 a gas spring 18 comprises a cylinder 17, a pisto 19 as well as a resilient gas volume 10. Gas spring 18 is connected to a gas vessel 5a by means of a pneumatic conne tion 9a, which includes a gas conduit 16, a valve 14 and a check valve 15.
The piston rod, which is attached to piston 19, is provide with a lifter 12, which via a roller 13 actuates valve 14 order to close it, when the deviation of the piston upwards or downwards from a certain zero position or initial posi¬ tion is exceeded. Check valve 15 mainly has a balancing function, particularly in connection with the closing and the opening of valve 14.
When the deviations from the initial position are moderate, the resilient gas volume includes partly space 10 and partl contents 11a of gas-tight vessel 5a. When a deviation from the initial position is larger, the connection between gas spring 18 and vessel 11a is closed and consequently the resilient gas volume is reduced considerably.
Thus, the spring device according to Fig. 1 will have a sof resilience, when the deviations from the initial position are moderate. When the deviations from the initial position are larger, the resilience will be tougher in connection wi the reduction of the resilient gas volume.
Thus, the spring device will have a comparatively low sprin constant, when the gas connection between gas spring 18 and vessel 5a is open. The value of the spring constant will be substantially higher, when valve 14 is closed, because pis¬ ton 19 reaches a position with a larger deviation froαή the initial position.
Arrow 20 indicates a device, which feeds gas to gas spring 18. Air feed 20 can be done manually or automaticly. In cas the permanent load varies, e.g. if the loads are different drivers on a seat, who have different weights, it is possibl to adjust the zero position or initial position by means of a pressure increase or pressure decrease.
In the spring device according to Fig. 2 the pneumatic con¬ nection between gas spring 18 and vessel 5a comprises a con¬ duit 16 and a cylinder valve 3. Cylinder valve 3 includes a piston 2, which in its upper position seals against a seat 7 and in its lower position seals against a seat 6. A spring 4 is designed to bring back piston 2 to its initial position between seats 6 and 7. The return to the initial position is possible, because a certain leakage exists between the cy- lindric part of cylinder valve 3 and piston 2. Also, the piston can be provided with openings or a hole 21, designed to increase the leakage, shown in Fig. 2.
Also in the device according to Fig. 2 the initial position of the piston can be adjusted in order to adapt it to diffe- rent loads, by means of device 20 for the gas feed. This de¬ vice is identical with the device shown in the spring device according to Fig. 1.
If piston 19 in the device according to Fig. 2 is loaded, a compression in space 10 being obtained, piston 2 will be raised and at the same time the gas in vessel 5a will be compressed, provided the loads are moderate and the devia¬ tions from the initial positions of pistons 19,2 are mode¬ rate. When the load is larger and consequently the devia- tion from the initial position of piston 19 is larger, pis¬ ton 2 will also obtain a larger deviation from its initial position. Piston 2 will then reach either seat 6 or seat 7. As soon as piston 2 has reached one of these seats, a con¬ tinued movement in the same direction of piston 2 will be stopped. Thus, when the stroke of piston 19 is larger, the movement of piston 2 will be limited by seats 6 and 7. Thus, the resilient gas volume will be limited to gas volume 10. Con- sequently, the device according to. Fig. 2 will provide a soft spring suspension with a comparatively small spring constant, when the strokes are moderate, because the resi¬ lient gas volume includes partly gas volume 10 of the gas spring and partly gas volume 11a of vessel 5a.
If the strokes of piston 19 are larger, which strokes are obtained e.g. in connection with larger loads, piston 2 will reach an end position, e.g. seat 7, and subsequently gas volume 11a of vessel 5a will no longer be directly influenc by the movement of piston 19. Thus, the resilient gas volum will be reduced and a tougher spring suspension will be ob¬ tained, when the strokes of piston 19 are larger. Basically, the devices according to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 have a similar mode of operation with a soft spring suspension with a smal spring constant, when the deviation of piston 19 from its initial position is moderate, and with a tough spring sus¬ pension, when the deviation exceeds certain limit values upwards or downwards.
In the device according to Fig. 1 said limit values are de¬ fined by means of the design of lifter 12. In the device ac¬ cording to Fig. 2 spring 4 can be adjustable in a way known per se. In this way the zero position of piston 19 can be ad- justed, the ratio between a maximum stroke upwards and a maximum stroke downwards of piston 19 within the interval of a soft spring suspension being the desired one.
Fig. 3 shows a preferred embodiment of a spring device, which basically is constructed like the device according to Fig. 2. The spring device includes a gas spring 18c, a tight gas vessel 5b as well as a pneumatic connection 9c between gas spring 18c and gas vessel 5c. Air spring 18c comprises a bellows 1, which contains a gas volume 10c, and a base plate 8. Pneumatic connection 9c between air spring 18c and vessel 5b comprises a cylinder 3b, a piston 2b as well as a spring 4b. When gas spring 18c is compressed, volume 10c, which is con¬ tained in bellows 1 will decrease, which moves piston 2b up¬ wards towards seat 7b. Provided the piston has not reached seat 7b, the resilient gas volume comprises gas volume 10c and gas volume lie, which is contained in vessel 5b. Thus, the gas volume is fairly large and the spring suspension is soft. When piston 2b has reached seat 7b, it is not able to continue to move upwards and when gas spring 18c is comp¬ ressed further, the resilient gas volume will comprise only volume 10c, which results in a tougher spring suspension.
Thus, a spring suspension having a higher spring constant and consequently progressivity will be obtained, when the movement of piston 2b upwards or downwards is limited by means of seats 7b and 6b respectively, and the relative vo¬ lume variation increases, since only the smaller gas volume 10 c, which is contained in bellows 1, is involved.
An additionally increased progressivity is obtained, if the compression is continued, when the bellows is folded against the upper surface of base 8 and against the lower surface of vessel 5b, the pressure surface being increased.
The initial position or zero position of piston 2 preferably is located slightly below the center point between seats 7b and 6b. Piston 2 is retained in this position and is returne to the zero position by providing a suitable leakage between piston 2 and cylinder 3b. With varying premanent loads the elevation of the spring device, i.e. the elevation of the upper surface of container 5b as compared to base plate 8, can be adjusted by changing the permanent pressure of the system.
The embodiment shown in Fig. 3 allows a condensed const- ruction of the spring device according to the present in¬ vention. According to Fig. 4 the larger gas volume in ves¬ sel 5c can e.g. be placed in a driver's seat, if the spring device is used for such a seat. However, the larger volume can also be placed in any suitable space adjacent the dri¬ ver's seat.
Other modifications of the described embodiment than the ones shown above are also feasible without deviating from the basic principles of the present invention and without letting the modified device end up outside the limits of the patent claims set forth infra.
10
15

Claims

1. A progressive gas spring device, designed to support e.g. the driver's seat in a truck, c h a r a c ¬ t e r i z e d by a gas spring (18, 18c), a gas tight vessel (5a, 5b) with a volume, which is at least twice as large as the maximum gas volume of the spring, and between the gas spring and the vessel a pneumatic connection (9a, 9b, 9c), which comprises a cylinder (3, 3b), one end of which is connected to the gas spring (18, 18c) and the other end of which is connected to the vessel (5b), and a cylinder piston, provided to seal against seats (6, 7, 6b, 7b) in its end positions, disconnecting the pneumatic connection between the gas spring and the vessel (5a, 5b), and wherein the cylinder piston allows leakage and is provided to be returned to the zero position by means of a spring (4, 4b) .
2. A gas spring device according to claim 1, c h a r a c ¬ t e r i z e d in that the pneumatic connection between the gas spring and the vessel comprises a gas conduit (16) between the gas spring and the valve element as well as a gas conduit (16) between the valve element and the vessel (5a).
3. A gas spring device according to claim 1, c h a r a c ¬ t e r i z e d in that said valve element (3, 14) is attached to the gas spring and in that said pneumatic connection includes a gas conduit (16) between the valve element and the vessel (5a).
4. A gas spring device according to claim 1, c h a r a c ¬ t e r i z e d in that said valve element (3, 14) is attached to the vessel and in that said pneumatic connection includes a gas conduit (16) between the valve element and the gas spring.
5. A gas spring device according to claim 1, c h a r a c ¬ t e r i z e d in that said valve element (3b) is attached to the gas spring as well as the vessel (5b).
6. A gas spring device according to any of the preceding claims, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that said spring (4, 4b) is designed to provide the piston (2, 2b) with a zero position, which is close to one of the seats (6, 6b), the distance between the zero position and the other seat (7, 7b) exceeding the distance between the zero position and the first seat close to the gas spring by between 10 and 30 %.
PCT/SE1990/000628 1989-10-03 1990-10-01 A progressive air spring WO1991005180A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE8903236-1 1989-10-03
SE8903236A SE464777B (en) 1989-10-03 1989-10-03 PROGRESSIVE AIR SPRING

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1991005180A1 true WO1991005180A1 (en) 1991-04-18

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ID=20377033

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/SE1990/000628 WO1991005180A1 (en) 1989-10-03 1990-10-01 A progressive air spring

Country Status (3)

Country Link
AU (1) AU6532990A (en)
SE (1) SE464777B (en)
WO (1) WO1991005180A1 (en)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6436907B1 (en) 1992-11-18 2002-08-20 Arch Development Corporation Adenovirus-medicated gene transfer to cardiac and vascular smooth muscle
US6905873B1 (en) 1992-10-13 2005-06-14 Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System Recombinant p53 adenovirus methods and compositions
US7083163B2 (en) * 2003-09-19 2006-08-01 Tenneco Automotive Operating Company Inc. Booster with spring to adapt air spring pressure for load dependent shock absorber
WO2012030761A3 (en) * 2010-08-31 2012-09-20 Oshkosh Corporation Gas spring assembly for a vehicle suspension system
US8701846B2 (en) 2009-08-26 2014-04-22 Tenneco Automotive Operating Company Inc Inverted strut comprising an air damper combined with a hydraulic stop
US10221055B2 (en) 2016-04-08 2019-03-05 Oshkosh Corporation Leveling system for lift device

Citations (5)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1021732B (en) * 1956-03-31 1957-12-27 Maschf Augsburg Nuernberg Ag Gas suspension for vehicles
US2981354A (en) * 1959-04-15 1961-04-25 Gen Motors Corp Pneumatic vehicle suspension with torque responsive pitch control
US3375002A (en) * 1965-12-01 1968-03-26 Caterpillar Tractor Co Vehicle suspension strut
DE2200356A1 (en) * 1972-01-05 1973-07-12 Bosch Gmbh Robert ARRANGEMENT FOR THE AIR SUSPENSION OF VEHICLES
WO1989012766A1 (en) * 1988-06-22 1989-12-28 The University Of Lancaster Suspension system

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1021732B (en) * 1956-03-31 1957-12-27 Maschf Augsburg Nuernberg Ag Gas suspension for vehicles
US2981354A (en) * 1959-04-15 1961-04-25 Gen Motors Corp Pneumatic vehicle suspension with torque responsive pitch control
US3375002A (en) * 1965-12-01 1968-03-26 Caterpillar Tractor Co Vehicle suspension strut
DE2200356A1 (en) * 1972-01-05 1973-07-12 Bosch Gmbh Robert ARRANGEMENT FOR THE AIR SUSPENSION OF VEHICLES
WO1989012766A1 (en) * 1988-06-22 1989-12-28 The University Of Lancaster Suspension system

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Title
DERWENT'S ABSTRACT, No. 89-240 255/33; & SU,A,1 458 629, publ. week 8933, (COACH BUILDING RES). *

Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6905873B1 (en) 1992-10-13 2005-06-14 Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System Recombinant p53 adenovirus methods and compositions
US6436907B1 (en) 1992-11-18 2002-08-20 Arch Development Corporation Adenovirus-medicated gene transfer to cardiac and vascular smooth muscle
US7083163B2 (en) * 2003-09-19 2006-08-01 Tenneco Automotive Operating Company Inc. Booster with spring to adapt air spring pressure for load dependent shock absorber
US8701846B2 (en) 2009-08-26 2014-04-22 Tenneco Automotive Operating Company Inc Inverted strut comprising an air damper combined with a hydraulic stop
US9688112B2 (en) 2010-08-31 2017-06-27 Oshkosh Defense, Llc Gas spring assembly for a vehicle suspension system
US8465025B2 (en) 2010-08-31 2013-06-18 Oshkosh Corporation Gas spring assembly for a vehicle suspension
US8764029B2 (en) 2010-08-31 2014-07-01 Oshkosh Corporation Gas spring assembly for a vehicle suspension system
US8991834B2 (en) 2010-08-31 2015-03-31 Oshkosh Defense, Llc Gas spring assembly for a vehicle suspension system
WO2012030761A3 (en) * 2010-08-31 2012-09-20 Oshkosh Corporation Gas spring assembly for a vehicle suspension system
US10421332B2 (en) 2010-08-31 2019-09-24 Oshkosh Defense, Llc Gas spring assembly for a vehicle suspension system
US11225119B2 (en) 2010-08-31 2022-01-18 Oshkosh Defense, Llc Gas spring assembly for a vehicle suspension system
US11225120B2 (en) 2010-08-31 2022-01-18 Oshkosh Defense, Llc Gas spring assembly for a vehicle suspension system
US10221055B2 (en) 2016-04-08 2019-03-05 Oshkosh Corporation Leveling system for lift device
US10934145B2 (en) 2016-04-08 2021-03-02 Oshkosh Corporation Leveling system for lift device
US11565920B2 (en) 2016-04-08 2023-01-31 Oshkosh Corporation Leveling system for lift device
US11679967B2 (en) 2016-04-08 2023-06-20 Oshkosh Corporation Leveling system for lift device

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
SE8903236L (en) 1991-04-04
SE8903236D0 (en) 1989-10-03
AU6532990A (en) 1991-04-28
SE464777B (en) 1991-06-10

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