WO1991012846A1 - Method and apparatus for treatment of tubular organs - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for treatment of tubular organs Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO1991012846A1
WO1991012846A1 PCT/US1991/001242 US9101242W WO9112846A1 WO 1991012846 A1 WO1991012846 A1 WO 1991012846A1 US 9101242 W US9101242 W US 9101242W WO 9112846 A1 WO9112846 A1 WO 9112846A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
catheter
therapeutic agent
catheter device
tubular body
expansile
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US1991/001242
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Marvin J. Slepian
Original Assignee
Slepian Marvin J
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Slepian Marvin J filed Critical Slepian Marvin J
Publication of WO1991012846A1 publication Critical patent/WO1991012846A1/en

Links

Classifications

    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61MDEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M25/00Catheters; Hollow probes
    • A61M25/10Balloon catheters
    • A61M25/1011Multiple balloon catheters
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61MDEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M25/00Catheters; Hollow probes
    • A61M25/10Balloon catheters
    • A61M2025/1043Balloon catheters with special features or adapted for special applications
    • A61M2025/1052Balloon catheters with special features or adapted for special applications for temporarily occluding a vessel for isolating a sector
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61MDEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M25/00Catheters; Hollow probes
    • A61M25/10Balloon catheters
    • A61M2025/1043Balloon catheters with special features or adapted for special applications
    • A61M2025/1095Balloon catheters with special features or adapted for special applications with perfusion means for enabling blood circulation while the balloon is in an inflated state or in a deflated state, e.g. permanent by-pass within catheter shaft

Definitions

  • This application relates to the localized treatment of disease in hollow tubular organs, such as blood vessels, and other tissue lumens.
  • the treatment regime involves the introduction of a therapeutic agent into a region of the tissue lumen defined by two expansile members.
  • the application relates to the use of this technique to perform "bloodless angioplasty" in blood vessels having flow restrictions due to atherosclerotic plaque.
  • organs or structures having hollow or tubular geometry for example blood vessels such as arteries or veins, the gut and the bladder.
  • solid organs which possess true spaces such as cavities, cavernous sinuses, lumens etc. These "solid” organs include the heart, liver, kidney and pancreas.
  • tissue processes e.g., necrotic tumors
  • traumatic injury may create spaces within otherwise solid organs.
  • the lumens afforded by these various types of spaces can be affected by a variety of disease processes.
  • the lumen may be occluded thus limiting or preventing flow through the lumen.
  • the lumen of many hollow organs serves a vital function, e.g., the transit conduit for blood, urine, bile or food, this restriction of flow through the lumen is detrimental.
  • a particular example is the development and growth of an occluding atheroma (atherosclerotic plaque) in an artery, thereby reducing the blood flow through the artery.
  • the wall of a tissue lumen has a significant barrier function as well as acting as a conduit for fluids.
  • the "inti a" or endothelial lining layer separates overflowing blood from the underlying middle or "media” portion of the vessel. Since the media is highly thrombogenic this separation is necessary to avoid clotting of the blood in normal blood vessels. Further, the media, if exposed to overflowing blood as a result of violation of the intimal barrier may be stimulated by platelets and macrophages in the blood, leading to smooth muscle cell proliferation and a regeneration of the stenosis.
  • PDGF platelet derived growth factor
  • MDGF macrophage-derived growth factor
  • tissue wall may be replaced by a cancerous/tumorous region or by an inflammatory zone.
  • the vessel wall is replaced with lipid and inflammatory cell infiltrates, newly proliferated smooth muscle cells, fibrotic collagen and other connective tissue and dense caj_cium deposits.
  • vessel vaso otion i.e., the ability dilate or contract thereby altering blood flow based on organ metabolic demands
  • normal flux in cellular nutrients into and through the vessel i.e., glucose and oxygen as well as outflow of metabolic breakdown products/wastes
  • normal release of downstream acting vasoreactive substances i.e., endothelial derived relaxation factor (EDRF)
  • EDRF endothelial derived relaxation factor
  • the plaque is a complex of multi-component three dimen ⁇ sional structure composed of proliferating smooth muscle cells, stimulated macrophages and other inflam ⁇ matory cells, chemically modified lipid components, i.e., cholesterol, oleate:linoleate esters, stiff connective tissue, i.e., collagen, and calcium.
  • the distribution of plaque in the vessel wall is such that the bulk of the disease mass resides as an obstructing growth or "bulge" within the vessel lumen. This leads to reduced blood flow across the point of the plaque and subsequent reduced downstream blood flow.
  • the reduction of blood flow can lead to angina in the heart or a transient ische ic attack (TIA) in the brain.
  • TIA transient ische ic attack
  • diseased portions of tissue lumens can be advan ⁇ tageously treated by the focal introduction of at least one therapeutic agent to the lumen at the diseased point. This can be accomplished by
  • a particularly preferred application of the method of the invention is "bloodless angioplasty.”
  • the occluded diseased region is washed to remove blood prior to the introduction of the therapeutic agent.
  • the diseased region is treated with a therapeutic agent to suppress cell proliferation in the diseased region.
  • the plaque is then disrupted, for example by conventional balloon angioplasty, atherectomy, laser plaque removal or ablation.
  • the occluded region may be treated with a medicament to promote vessel healing and sealed with a polymeric coating. Because blood does not come into contact with the media which may be exposed during the disruption of the lesion, the risks of clotting in this technique are reduced.
  • the "wounded,” stimulated and exposed media smooth muscle cells are not exposed during the immediate post- dilatation time when they are most sensitive to activation and stimulation by various factors found in the blood, the predominant mechanism leading to restenosis and long term PTCA failure.
  • the anti-proliferative therapy will further reduce the likelihood of long term restenosis, through inhibition of smooth muscle cell proliferation which is maximum during the first 12 to 24 hours following treatment.
  • the method of the invention is advantageously practiced using a specially adapted catheter compris- ing at least two expansile members, a reservoir con ⁇ taining the therapeutic agent and a least one conduit for supplying therapeutic agent to the between the two expansile members.
  • FIG. 1 shows two views of a catheter device in accordance with the invention
  • Fig. 2 shows a catheter device in accordance with the invention
  • Fig. 3 shows the steps for performing "bloodless angioplasty" in accordance with the invention
  • Fig. 4 shows a catheter device in accordance with the invention
  • FIG. 5 shows two views of a catheter device in accordance with the invention
  • Fig. 6 shows two views of a catheter device in accordance with the invention
  • Fig. 7 shows a catheter device in accordance with the invention.
  • the term "therapeutic agent” refers to substances which alter the metabolism of the cells or reduce the tendency for thrombosis within the diseased portions of the tissue.
  • examples for use in coronary artery applications are vasodilating agents i.e. nitrates and calcium channel blocking drugs; anti- proliferative agents i.e.
  • colchicine and alkylating agents intercalating agents; growth modulating factors such as interleukins, transformation growth factor b, congeners of platelet derived growth factor and monoclonal antibodies directed against growth factors; anti-thrombotic agents, e.g., anti-GIIb/3a, trigramin, prostacyclin and salicylates; thrombolytic agents e.g.
  • streptokinase urokinase, tissue plas- minogen activator (TPA) and anisoylated plasminogen- streptokinase activator complex (APSAC) ; anti- inflammatory agents, both steriodal and non-steroidal and other agents which may modulate vessel tone, function, arteriosclerosis, and the healing response to vessel or organ injury post intervention.
  • Anti- proliferative drugs or high efficacy anti-inflammatory drugs are also useful for treatment of focal vasculi- tides or other inflammatory arteritidies, e.g., granu- lomatous arteritis, polyarteritis nodosa, temporal arteritis and Wegner's granulomatosis.
  • Anti- inflammatory agents are also useful in connection with indications such as inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis and focal GI inflammatory diseases.
  • adhesives may be introduced in accordance with the invention to help heal dissections, flaps and aneurysms.
  • Exemplary adhesives include cyano- acryla €es, gelatin/resorcinal/formol, mussel adhesive protein and autologous fibrinogen adhesive.
  • the term "therapeutic agents" does not encompass solubilizing or dissolving agents which disrupt the atherosclerotic plaque.
  • catheter devices in accordance with the invention may include a variety of variations and modifications as will be discussed in greater detail below.
  • the catheters bodies for use in this invention can be made of any known material, including metals, e.g. steel, and thermoplastic polymers, and may be continuous tubes or woven, spring-like struc ⁇ tures.
  • the expansile members balloons may be made from compliant materials such as latex or silicone, or non-compliant materials such as polyethylenetere- phthalate (PET), polyvinylchloride (PVC) , polyethylene or nylon.
  • PET polyethylenetere- phthalate
  • PVC polyvinylchloride
  • The..catheter may also include markers in one or more locations to aid in locating the catheter.
  • paving refers to the applica ⁇ tion of a conforming polymeric coating to the surface of the tissue lumen.
  • a polymeric material either in the form of a monomer or prepoly- mer solution or as an at least partially pre-formed polymeric product, is introduced into the lumen of the blood vessel and positioned at the point of the original stenosis.
  • the polymeric product is then reconfigured to conform to and maintain intimate contact with the interior surface of the blood vessel such that a paving and sealing coating is achieved.
  • the polymeric paving and sealing material may incorpo ⁇ rate therapeutic agents such as drugs, drug producing cells, cell regeneration factors or even progenitor cells of the same type as the involved organ or histologically different to accelerate healing processes. Paving is described further in U.S. Patent application No. 07/235,998 and International Patent Application No. PCT/US89/03593, both of which are incorporated herein by reference.
  • Fig. 1 shows a six lumen catheter device in accordance with the invention.
  • Expansile members 150 and 151 serve to fix the position of the tubular body 100 within a tissue lumen and isolate the diseased portion of the tissue lumen between them where the therapeutic agent will be applied.
  • Expansile member 153 may be a standard angioplasty balloon or used in deployment of a polymer paving, or both, and is provided with circulating flow via conduits 154 and 155.
  • conduits 154 and 155 can be used to provide temperature control to the isolated portion of the tissue lumen, as well as acting to configure the polymeric coating formed by expanding a polymeric sleeve and other deployed form fitted over expansile member 153.
  • the therapeutic agent is provided from reservoir 159 through conduit 156, with conduit 157 acting as a drain line (or vice versa) to allow flow of fluid through the isolated portion of the tissue lumen ("superfusion") .
  • the drain line is not required, however, and a simple infusion catheter could omit one of the conduits 156 or 157 as in the five lumen designs of Fig. 2 although a perfusion design is preferred.
  • the sixth conduit 158 is also optional, but can be advantageously used for guide wires, diagnostic or therapeutic device passage, or distal fluid perfusion. If conduit 158 has an aperture proximal to balloon 151, it can be used as a by-pass conduit for passive perfusion during occlusion.
  • the catheter of Fig. 1 can be used in accordance with the method of the invention to perform procedures such as "bloodless angioplasty" as sh -n schematically in Fig. 3. In this technique, a catheter 1 is inserted into a partially blocked blood vessel 2 into the region of the lesion 3.
  • Fig 3a The catheter is positioned such that expansile members 150, 151 are disposed on opposite sides of the lesion 3 and expansile members 150, 151 are then expanded to isolate a zone 4 around the lesion 3.
  • the isolated zone 4 is then washed to remove the blood from the region to be treated. This is done by supplying saline or other biocompatible material while removing blood.
  • a therapeutic agent such as an anti ⁇ proliferative agent is introduced from the reservoir of the catheter.
  • Suitable agents include agents for interfering with nucleic acid synthesis (e.g., Actinomycin D) or . with cell division (e.g. cytochalsin B) .
  • the angioplasty balloon 153 is inflated to disrupt the lesion 3 in accordance with known balloon angioplasty procedure.
  • Additional or different therapeutic agent may be added at this point.
  • the angioplasty balloon 153 in then con ⁇ tracted.
  • a further therapeutic agent or a polymeric coating is preferably applied to the area of the disrupted lesion to facilitate healing.
  • the polymeric coating will also provide a barrier over exposed portions of the media.
  • the preferred therapeutic agent is an anti-proliferative drug.
  • Useful anti-proliferative drugs are varied in structure and mode of action, and many may be generally viewed as unsuited for therapy during coronary operations under other circumstances.
  • chemotherapeutic agents which would have significant toxic side effects if administered through conventional routes (i.e., enteral (oral) or parenteral (intramuscular, IV or subcutaneous)) can be used with the claimed invention.
  • chemotherapeutic agents include actinomycin D, adriamycin, methotrexate, vinca alkaloids such as colchicine, cytochalsin, vincristine and vinblastine, 5-fluorouracil, and nitrogen mustard.
  • anti-proliferative drugs may also be used including heparins, in both anti-coagulant and non- anti-coagulant form; anti-proliferative vasodilatory drugs, such as adenosine, cyclic GMP-elevating vasodilators, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibi ⁇ tors, calcium channel blockers and prostaglandin El; prostacyclin; trapidil, terbinafine, protein kinase C activating phorbol esters and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO).
  • Fish oil may also be used as an anti ⁇ proliferative agent and to inhibit endothelial production of platelet derived growth factor (PDGF).
  • PDGF platelet derived growth factor
  • Fish oil could not be administered in a conventional IV mode because of its insolubility, but could be used in accordance with the invention.
  • Suramin a PDGF antagonist with high anti-proliferative profiles but high clinical toxicities might also be employed.
  • Anti-proliferative antibodies to PDGF; or IL-1; TGFb; alpha and gamma interferon; angiopeptin (BIM 23034) and other peptides can also be used in the invention, although they cannot be administered generally because of the risk of an immune response.
  • Focal treatment with anti-coagulants is also desirable in restenosis treatment to reduce the tendency for clot formation at the PTCA site. These materials could be introduced in solution and allowed to soak into the vessel wall, or might be deposited as a gel or surfactant coating which adheres to the vessel wall.
  • plaque disruption can be carried out using a heated balloon to fuse disrupted tissue, as disclosed in U.S. patent No. 4,799,479 to Spears or U.S. Patent No. 4,754,752 to Ginsburg et al.; a woven fibrous tube as disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 4,650,466 to Luther; or laser light, as disclosed in U.S Patent No. 4,445,892 to Hussein et al., U.S. Patent No. 4,448,188 to Loeb or U.S. patent No. 4,627,436 to Leckrone.
  • Solubilizing agents may also be employed as disclosed by Weikl et al., Wilcox and Wolinsky.
  • the therapeutic agent used in accordance with the invention may be introduced in the form of a solution as described above. Alternatively, however, the therapeutic agent may be administered as a gas or in the form of icroparticles. For example, as a gas, ethylene oxide, mustard gas or chloroform vapors may be administered in limited doses as antiproliferatives.
  • Microparticles may be formed from the therapeutic agent in combination with biodegrad ⁇ able polymers such as polylactic acid, polyglycolic acid, polycaprolactone, polydioxanone, starch, gelatin and polyanhydrides or nondegradable polymers such as styrene or acrolein. Drug-containing liposomes may also be employed. Preferred sizes of microparticles are less than 4 microns, more preferably less than 1 micron (i.e. nanoparticles) .
  • Fig. 4 shows a further catheter which may be used in accordance with the invention.
  • back-up expansile members 401 and 402 are disposed outwardly from the principal occluding expansile members 150 and 151. This back-up expansile members create a safety zone to prevent spill-over of thera ⁇ Bidirectional agents from the isolated zone 4 into the blood stream.
  • a "weeping" balloon may be employed in place of the standard angioplasty balloon such that materials may be delivered to the isolated zone through pores in the balloon.
  • guidewires may be incorporated in the catheter of the invention, or the two occluding balloons may be disposed on slidably interlocking catheter portions to provide for adjustable interballoon distances.
  • one or both of the balloons may be equipped with spray ports or nozzles to deliver a gas or particulate therapeutic agent to the isolated zone.
  • the catheter device of the invention may also include a pump or vacuum system to deliver the therapeutic agent from the reservoir to the tissue lumen. Such a pump maybe servo-controlled to allow for dynamic pressurization of the isolated zone to facilitate diffusion and/or active penetration of the lesion. Alternate cycling of pressure and vacuum may be advantageously employed to facilitate penetration of the lesion or organ wall.
  • heating elements such as coaxial heating elements within one or more sublumens of the catheter body to provide heat to the conduit to facilitate instillation of polymers or surfactants which are solid at room temperature but which melt with slight heating.
  • heating elements are particularly applicable in the case where a polymeric coating is being formed, either during the introduction of therapeutic agent or as part of a post-disruption treatment.
  • the catheter may also incorporate a high-frequency ultrasound crystal or element or other acoustically vibrating element between the two expansile members to facilitate fluid penetration into the lesion.
  • Such devices may also facilitate vibrational or ul;trasonic welding (i.e., coalescing) or polymer solutions or microparticles leading to the formation of coating on the vessel surface.
  • Fig. 5 shows a seven lumen catheter in which the expansile members which occlude the diseased region are separately controlled through lumens 50 and 51.
  • Fig. 6 shows a five lumen superfusion catheter, in which the expan ⁇ sion of the angioplasty balloon is controlled by a single lumen. While the present invention is ideally suited to the practice of bloodless angioplasty, it not limited to this application. Indeed, the introduction of a therapeutic agent focally at the situs of disease using a dual balloon catheter is useful for a wide variety .of indications.
  • the angioplasty balloon -or other disruptive means may be omitted from between the two occluding balloons, and the catheter may be simply a two lumen dual balloon catheter such as that shown in Fig. 7 connected to a reservoir containing the therapeutic agent.
  • a catheter could be used to deliver focal therapy in instances of bladder tumors, GI polyps, liver tumors, bronchial tumors, renal tumors and uterine tumors.
  • treatment of inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis and focal GI inflammatory diseases where the application of anti-inflammatory or wound healing composition may prove valuable.

Abstract

A catheter device for the treatment of tubular organs and other body lumens, the device comprising a tubular member having plurality of lumens, first and second expansile members (150, 151) disposed on the tubular member, an angioplasy balloon (153) located between the expansile members (150, 151) and a reservoir (159) containing a therapeutic agent.

Description

Description
Method and apparatus for treatment of tubular organs
Background of the Invention
This application relates to the localized treatment of disease in hollow tubular organs, such as blood vessels, and other tissue lumens. The treatment regime involves the introduction of a therapeutic agent into a region of the tissue lumen defined by two expansile members. In particular, the application relates to the use of this technique to perform "bloodless angioplasty" in blood vessels having flow restrictions due to atherosclerotic plaque. Within the bodies of animals, including man, there exist those organs or structures having hollow or tubular geometry, for example blood vessels such as arteries or veins, the gut and the bladder. In addition, there exist many "solid" organs which possess true spaces such as cavities, cavernous sinuses, lumens etc. These "solid" organs include the heart, liver, kidney and pancreas. Finally disease processes (e.g., necrotic tumors) and traumatic injury may create spaces within otherwise solid organs. The lumens afforded by these various types of spaces can be affected by a variety of disease processes. For example, the lumen may be occluded thus limiting or preventing flow through the lumen. Since the lumen of many hollow organs serves a vital function, e.g., the transit conduit for blood, urine, bile or food, this restriction of flow through the lumen is detrimental. A particular example is the development and growth of an occluding atheroma (atherosclerotic plaque) in an artery, thereby reducing the blood flow through the artery. In many cases, the wall of a tissue lumen has a significant barrier function as well as acting as a conduit for fluids. As an example, in a blood vessel, the "inti a" or endothelial lining layer separates overflowing blood from the underlying middle or "media" portion of the vessel. Since the media is highly thrombogenic this separation is necessary to avoid clotting of the blood in normal blood vessels. Further, the media, if exposed to overflowing blood as a result of violation of the intimal barrier may be stimulated by platelets and macrophages in the blood, leading to smooth muscle cell proliferation and a regeneration of the stenosis. Disease conditions, such as advanced ulcerated atherosclerotic lesions, and in some instances intervention techniques, can disrupt this barrier layer leading to local blood clotting, inflammation and diffusion of growth stimulating factors such as platelet derived growth factor (PDGF), interleukin-1, and macrophage-derived growth factor (MDGF) into the media with subsequent activation, migration and proliferation of smooth muscle cells in the intima leading to a local buildup and regrowth of the stenosis.
Disease processes can also lead to the alteration of the structure and/or function or the tissue surrounding the lumen. For example, part of the tissue wall may be replaced by a cancerous/tumorous region or by an inflammatory zone. In advanced atherosclerosis, the vessel wall is replaced with lipid and inflammatory cell infiltrates, newly proliferated smooth muscle cells, fibrotic collagen and other connective tissue and dense caj_cium deposits. This replacement dramatically alters vessel function preventing (1) vessel vaso otion, i.e., the ability dilate or contract thereby altering blood flow based on organ metabolic demands; (2) normal flux in cellular nutrients into and through the vessel, i.e., glucose and oxygen as well as outflow of metabolic breakdown products/wastes; (3) normal release of downstream acting vasoreactive substances, i.e., endothelial derived relaxation factor (EDRF); and (4) normal metabolism of locally acting growth substances such as PDGF made by endothelial cells, thereby altering local vessel wall growth control and repair capabilities.
Further, even if there is not a change in the apparent makeup of the tissue surrounding the lumen, the metabolism of these cells may change. Thus,_the production of required mediators such as growth factors and hormones may be disturbed. This also happens in atherosclerosis, where trans-vessel wall flow of nutrients, oxygen, lipid compounds, and growth factors are typically altered.
Although the types of problems which can occur in hollow organs and tissue lumens are generally recog¬ nized, the treatment regimes available generally attempt to treat the symptom rather than the underly- ing cause. This has a number of drawbacks, as can be illustrated using atherosclerosis as an example.
In atherosclerosis, the overall problem is the progressive build-up of an atheroma or atherosclerotic plaque at a focal location on an artery wall. The plaque is a complex of multi-component three dimen¬ sional structure composed of proliferating smooth muscle cells, stimulated macrophages and other inflam¬ matory cells, chemically modified lipid components, i.e., cholesterol, oleate:linoleate esters, stiff connective tissue, i.e., collagen, and calcium. The distribution of plaque in the vessel wall is such that the bulk of the disease mass resides as an obstructing growth or "bulge" within the vessel lumen. This leads to reduced blood flow across the point of the plaque and subsequent reduced downstream blood flow. If such a restriction of flow occurs in the vital arterial beds, e.g., the coronary arteries in the heart or the carotid artery in the neck, the reduction of blood flow can lead to angina in the heart or a transient ische ic attack (TIA) in the brain. Complete flow cut-off will lead to heart attack or stroke, respectively.
Treatment for atherosclerosis has progressed from coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) to catheter based techniques such as percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. (PTCA) Thus, the state of the ,art has gone from.merely by-passing the._problem region to actually attempting to relieve the effects of the obstruction by direct attack and dilatation of the lesion. These attempts have led to the development of various catheter designs and treatment techniques. For example, D.S. Patent No. 4,636,195 to Wolinsky describes the use of a catheter with two occluding balloons and a conduit for supplying a solubilizing agent to dissolve the plaque. A central balloon is included to force the solubilizing agent into the plaque. U.S. Patent No. 4,610,662 of Weikl et al. describes a catheter which isolates the diseased region using a catheter having two expandable balloons and then introduces a chemical, such as digestive enzymes, for dissolving the plaque between the balloons. A similar approach to the treatment of gall stones is disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 4,781,677 to Wilcox.
These approaches, however, like the basic technique of angioplasty itself, make no attempt to address the underlying pathophysiology that is operant or to otherwise biomanipulate the lesion. Thus, there is no effort to induce lesion regression or resorption or the full disappearance of the lesion with healing and replacement of the diseased wall segment with a healthy wall segment with normal vessel components and function. The present invention fills this need, by providing for the focal administration of therapeutic agents to a diseased region, either alone or in conjunction with a physical attack (such as PTCA) on the diseased region.
Summary of the Invention
In accordance with the claimed invention, diseased portions of tissue lumens can be advan¬ tageously treated by the focal introduction of at least one therapeutic agent to the lumen at the diseased point. This can be accomplished by
(a) introducing a catheter into the tissue lumen, said catheter comprising first and second expansile members and means for supplying therapeutic agent into a space between said first and second expansile members, and said catheter being positioned such that said first and second expansile members are disposed on opposite sides of the diseased region;
(b) expanding the expansile members to occlude the diseased region of the tissue lumen;
(c) introducing therapeutic agent to the occluded diseased region via said means for supplying therapeutic agent;
(d) allowing the catheter to remain in place for a therapeutically effective period of time;
(e) contracting the expansile members; and
(f) removing the catheter. A particularly preferred application of the method of the invention is "bloodless angioplasty." In this application, the occluded diseased region is washed to remove blood prior to the introduction of the therapeutic agent. Then, the diseased region is treated with a therapeutic agent to suppress cell proliferation in the diseased region. The plaque is then disrupted, for example by conventional balloon angioplasty, atherectomy, laser plaque removal or ablation. Finally, the occluded region may be treated with a medicament to promote vessel healing and sealed with a polymeric coating. Because blood does not come into contact with the media which may be exposed during the disruption of the lesion, the risks of clotting in this technique are reduced. Further, the "wounded," stimulated and exposed media smooth muscle cells are not exposed during the immediate post- dilatation time when they are most sensitive to activation and stimulation by various factors found in the blood, the predominant mechanism leading to restenosis and long term PTCA failure. Thus, the anti-proliferative therapy will further reduce the likelihood of long term restenosis, through inhibition of smooth muscle cell proliferation which is maximum during the first 12 to 24 hours following treatment.
The method of the invention is advantageously practiced using a specially adapted catheter compris- ing at least two expansile members, a reservoir con¬ taining the therapeutic agent and a least one conduit for supplying therapeutic agent to the between the two expansile members.
Brief Description of the Figures Fig. 1 shows two views of a catheter device in accordance with the invention;
Fig. 2 shows a catheter device in accordance with the invention;
Fig. 3 shows the steps for performing "bloodless angioplasty" in accordance with the invention;
Fig. 4 shows a catheter device in accordance with the invention;
Fig, 5 shows two views of a catheter device in accordance with the invention; Fig. 6 shows two views of a catheter device in accordance with the invention;
Fig. 7 shows a catheter device in accordance with the invention.
Detailed Description of the Invention As used in the specification and claims of this application, the term "therapeutic agent" refers to substances which alter the metabolism of the cells or reduce the tendency for thrombosis within the diseased portions of the tissue. Examples for use in coronary artery applications are vasodilating agents i.e. nitrates and calcium channel blocking drugs; anti- proliferative agents i.e. colchicine and alkylating agents; intercalating agents; growth modulating factors such as interleukins, transformation growth factor b, congeners of platelet derived growth factor and monoclonal antibodies directed against growth factors; anti-thrombotic agents, e.g., anti-GIIb/3a, trigramin, prostacyclin and salicylates; thrombolytic agents e.g. streptokinase, urokinase, tissue plas- minogen activator (TPA) and anisoylated plasminogen- streptokinase activator complex (APSAC) ; anti- inflammatory agents, both steriodal and non-steroidal and other agents which may modulate vessel tone, function, arteriosclerosis, and the healing response to vessel or organ injury post intervention. Anti- proliferative drugs or high efficacy anti-inflammatory drugs are also useful for treatment of focal vasculi- tides or other inflammatory arteritidies, e.g., granu- lomatous arteritis, polyarteritis nodosa, temporal arteritis and Wegner's granulomatosis. Anti- inflammatory agents are also useful in connection with indications such as inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis and focal GI inflammatory diseases. In other applications, adhesives may be introduced in accordance with the invention to help heal dissections, flaps and aneurysms. Exemplary adhesives include cyano- acryla€es, gelatin/resorcinal/formol, mussel adhesive protein and autologous fibrinogen adhesive. The term "therapeutic agents" does not encompass solubilizing or dissolving agents which disrupt the atherosclerotic plaque.
Catheter devices in accordance with the invention may include a variety of variations and modifications as will be discussed in greater detail below. In general, however, the catheters bodies for use in this invention can be made of any known material, including metals, e.g. steel, and thermoplastic polymers, and may be continuous tubes or woven, spring-like struc¬ tures. The expansile members balloons may be made from compliant materials such as latex or silicone, or non-compliant materials such as polyethylenetere- phthalate (PET), polyvinylchloride (PVC) , polyethylene or nylon. The..catheter may also include markers in one or more locations to aid in locating the catheter. These markers can be, for example, fluoroscopic radio-opaque bands affixed to the tubular body by heat sealing. As used in the specification and claims of this application, the term "paving" refers to the applica¬ tion of a conforming polymeric coating to the surface of the tissue lumen. Thus, in "paving," a polymeric material, either in the form of a monomer or prepoly- mer solution or as an at least partially pre-formed polymeric product, is introduced into the lumen of the blood vessel and positioned at the point of the original stenosis. The polymeric product is then reconfigured to conform to and maintain intimate contact with the interior surface of the blood vessel such that a paving and sealing coating is achieved. The polymeric paving and sealing material may incorpo¬ rate therapeutic agents such as drugs, drug producing cells, cell regeneration factors or even progenitor cells of the same type as the involved organ or histologically different to accelerate healing processes. Paving is described further in U.S. Patent application No. 07/235,998 and International Patent Application No. PCT/US89/03593, both of which are incorporated herein by reference.
Fig. 1 shows a six lumen catheter device in accordance with the invention. In Fig. 1, there are two expansile members 150 and 151, both connected to conduit 152. Expansile members 150 and 151 serve to fix the position of the tubular body 100 within a tissue lumen and isolate the diseased portion of the tissue lumen between them where the therapeutic agent will be applied. Expansile member 153 may be a standard angioplasty balloon or used in deployment of a polymer paving, or both, and is provided with circulating flow via conduits 154 and 155. In the case that expansile member 153 is used to deploy a polymeric paving, conduits 154 and 155 can be used to provide temperature control to the isolated portion of the tissue lumen, as well as acting to configure the polymeric coating formed by expanding a polymeric sleeve and other deployed form fitted over expansile member 153. The therapeutic agent is provided from reservoir 159 through conduit 156, with conduit 157 acting as a drain line (or vice versa) to allow flow of fluid through the isolated portion of the tissue lumen ("superfusion") . The drain line is not required, however, and a simple infusion catheter could omit one of the conduits 156 or 157 as in the five lumen designs of Fig. 2 although a perfusion design is preferred. The sixth conduit 158 is also optional, but can be advantageously used for guide wires, diagnostic or therapeutic device passage, or distal fluid perfusion. If conduit 158 has an aperture proximal to balloon 151, it can be used as a by-pass conduit for passive perfusion during occlusion. The catheter of Fig. 1 can be used in accordance with the method of the invention to perform procedures such as "bloodless angioplasty" as sh -n schematically in Fig. 3. In this technique, a catheter 1 is inserted into a partially blocked blood vessel 2 into the region of the lesion 3. (Fig 3a) The catheter is positioned such that expansile members 150, 151 are disposed on opposite sides of the lesion 3 and expansile members 150, 151 are then expanded to isolate a zone 4 around the lesion 3. The isolated zone 4 is then washed to remove the blood from the region to be treated. This is done by supplying saline or other biocompatible material while removing blood. (Fig. 3b) After the blood is washed from the isolated zone 4, a therapeutic agent such as an anti¬ proliferative agent is introduced from the reservoir of the catheter. (Fig. 3c) Suitable agents include agents for interfering with nucleic acid synthesis (e.g., Actinomycin D) or.with cell division (e.g. cytochalsin B) . Then, after a sufficient period of time has elapsed to allow the therapeutic agent to be effective, the angioplasty balloon 153 is inflated to disrupt the lesion 3 in accordance with known balloon angioplasty procedure. (Fig. 3d) Additional or different therapeutic agent may be added at this point. The angioplasty balloon 153 in then con¬ tracted. (Fig. 3e) At this stage, a further therapeutic agent or a polymeric coating, with or without admixed antithrombotic or antiproliferative drug, is preferably applied to the area of the disrupted lesion to facilitate healing. The polymeric coating will also provide a barrier over exposed portions of the media. Finally, the expansile members 150 and 151 are contracted and the catheter is removed restoring normal blood flow. (Fig. 3f)
In the treatment of restenosis, the preferred therapeutic agent is an anti-proliferative drug. Useful anti-proliferative drugs are varied in structure and mode of action, and many may be generally viewed as unsuited for therapy during coronary operations under other circumstances. For example, chemotherapeutic agents which would have significant toxic side effects if administered through conventional routes (i.e., enteral (oral) or parenteral (intramuscular, IV or subcutaneous)) can be used with the claimed invention. These chemotherapeutic agents include actinomycin D, adriamycin, methotrexate, vinca alkaloids such as colchicine, cytochalsin, vincristine and vinblastine, 5-fluorouracil, and nitrogen mustard.
Other anti-proliferative drugs may also be used including heparins, in both anti-coagulant and non- anti-coagulant form; anti-proliferative vasodilatory drugs, such as adenosine, cyclic GMP-elevating vasodilators, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibi¬ tors, calcium channel blockers and prostaglandin El; prostacyclin; trapidil, terbinafine, protein kinase C activating phorbol esters and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO). Fish oil may also be used as an anti¬ proliferative agent and to inhibit endothelial production of platelet derived growth factor (PDGF). Fish oil could not be administered in a conventional IV mode because of its insolubility, but could be used in accordance with the invention. Suramin, a PDGF antagonist with high anti-proliferative profiles but high clinical toxicities might also be employed. Anti-proliferative antibodies to PDGF; or IL-1; TGFb; alpha and gamma interferon; angiopeptin (BIM 23034) and other peptides can also be used in the invention, although they cannot be administered generally because of the risk of an immune response. Focal treatment with anti-coagulants is also desirable in restenosis treatment to reduce the tendency for clot formation at the PTCA site. These materials could be introduced in solution and allowed to soak into the vessel wall, or might be deposited as a gel or surfactant coating which adheres to the vessel wall.
As an alternative to the angioplasty balloon as shown in Fig. 1, plaque disruption can be carried out using a heated balloon to fuse disrupted tissue, as disclosed in U.S. patent No. 4,799,479 to Spears or U.S. Patent No. 4,754,752 to Ginsburg et al.; a woven fibrous tube as disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 4,650,466 to Luther; or laser light, as disclosed in U.S Patent No. 4,445,892 to Hussein et al., U.S. Patent No. 4,448,188 to Loeb or U.S. patent No. 4,627,436 to Leckrone. Solubilizing agents may also be employed as disclosed by Weikl et al., Wilcox and Wolinsky. The therapeutic agent used in accordance with the invention may be introduced in the form of a solution as described above. Alternatively, however, the therapeutic agent may be administered as a gas or in the form of icroparticles. For example, as a gas, ethylene oxide, mustard gas or chloroform vapors may be administered in limited doses as antiproliferatives. Microparticles may be formed from the therapeutic agent in combination with biodegrad¬ able polymers such as polylactic acid, polyglycolic acid, polycaprolactone, polydioxanone, starch, gelatin and polyanhydrides or nondegradable polymers such as styrene or acrolein. Drug-containing liposomes may also be employed. Preferred sizes of microparticles are less than 4 microns, more preferably less than 1 micron (i.e. nanoparticles) .
Fig. 4 shows a further catheter which may be used in accordance with the invention. In this catheter, back-up expansile members 401 and 402 are disposed outwardly from the principal occluding expansile members 150 and 151. This back-up expansile members create a safety zone to prevent spill-over of thera¬ peutic agents from the isolated zone 4 into the blood stream.
Various other modifications to the basic design of the catheter shown in Fig. 1 are also contemplated within the scope of the invention. For example, a "weeping" balloon may be employed in place of the standard angioplasty balloon such that materials may be delivered to the isolated zone through pores in the balloon. Similarly, guidewires may be incorporated in the catheter of the invention, or the two occluding balloons may be disposed on slidably interlocking catheter portions to provide for adjustable interballoon distances. Finally, one or both of the balloons may be equipped with spray ports or nozzles to deliver a gas or particulate therapeutic agent to the isolated zone. The catheter device of the invention may also include a pump or vacuum system to deliver the therapeutic agent from the reservoir to the tissue lumen. Such a pump maybe servo-controlled to allow for dynamic pressurization of the isolated zone to facilitate diffusion and/or active penetration of the lesion. Alternate cycling of pressure and vacuum may be advantageously employed to facilitate penetration of the lesion or organ wall.
Other features that may also be included within the catheter of the invention include heating elements, such as coaxial heating elements within one or more sublumens of the catheter body to provide heat to the conduit to facilitate instillation of polymers or surfactants which are solid at room temperature but which melt with slight heating. Such heating elements are particularly applicable in the case where a polymeric coating is being formed, either during the introduction of therapeutic agent or as part of a post-disruption treatment. The catheter may also incorporate a high-frequency ultrasound crystal or element or other acoustically vibrating element between the two expansile members to facilitate fluid penetration into the lesion. Such devices may also facilitate vibrational or ul;trasonic welding (i.e., coalescing) or polymer solutions or microparticles leading to the formation of coating on the vessel surface.
In addition, the person skilled in the art will understand that variations in the number of lumens within the catheter body may be made without departing from the present invention. For example, Fig. 5 shows a seven lumen catheter in which the expansile members which occlude the diseased region are separately controlled through lumens 50 and 51. Fig. 6 shows a five lumen superfusion catheter, in which the expan¬ sion of the angioplasty balloon is controlled by a single lumen. While the present invention is ideally suited to the practice of bloodless angioplasty, it not limited to this application. Indeed, the introduction of a therapeutic agent focally at the situs of disease using a dual balloon catheter is useful for a wide variety .of indications. In this case, the angioplasty balloon -or other disruptive means may be omitted from between the two occluding balloons, and the catheter may be simply a two lumen dual balloon catheter such as that shown in Fig. 7 connected to a reservoir containing the therapeutic agent. Such a catheter could be used to deliver focal therapy in instances of bladder tumors, GI polyps, liver tumors, bronchial tumors, renal tumors and uterine tumors. In addition, treatment of inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis and focal GI inflammatory diseases where the application of anti-inflammatory or wound healing composition may prove valuable.

Claims

Claims
1. A method for providing localized therapy with a therapeutic agent to a diseased region in a tissue lumen, comprising: (a) introducing a catheter into the tissue lumen, said catheter comprising first and second expansile members and means for supplying therapeutic agent into a space between said first and second expansile members and said catheter being positioned such that said first and second expansile members are disposed on opposite sides of the diseased region;
(b) expanding the expansile members to occlude the diseased region of the tissue lumen;
(c) introducing therapeutic agent to the occluded diseased region via said means for supplying therapeutic agent; (d) allowing the catheter to remain in place for a therapeutically effective period of time;
(e) contracting the expansile members; and (f) removing the catheter.
2. A method according to claim 1, wherein the tissue lumen is the interior of a blood vessel.
3. A method according D claim 1 or 2, further comprising the step of washing the occluded region of the tissue lumen to remove body fluid prior to introduction of the therapeutic agent.
4. A method according to claim 3, further comprising the seep of disrupting the diseased region of the tissue lumen to loosen diseased tissue after introduction of the therapeutic agent.
5. A method according to claim 4, further comprising the step of paving the occluded region of the tissue lumen after dilatation.
6. A method according to claim 5, wherein the paving is introduced as a liquid or gel.
7. A method according to claim 5, wherein the paving is introduced as an at least partially poly- merized, deformable sleeve.
8. A method according to claim 1, further comprising the step of paving the occluded region of the tissue lumen after dilatation.
9. A method according to claim 8, wherein the paving is introduced as a liquid or gel.
10. A method according to claim 8, wherein the paving is introduced as an at least partially polymerized, deformable sleeve.
11. A method according to claim 2, wherein the therapeutic agent is selected from the group consisting of anti-thrombotic agents, thrombolytic agents, vasodilating agents, calcium channel blocking drugs, anti-proliferative agents, intercalating agents, growth modulating factors and anti-inflammatory agents.
12. A method according to claim 4, wherein the disruption is performed with an angioplasty balloon.
13. A catheter device for providing localized therapy with a therapeutic agent to a diseased region in a tissue lumen, comprising:
(a) a flexible tubular body having proximal and distal ends, which tubular body defines a lumen divided into a plurality of sublumens, each sublumen extending from the proximal end of the tubular body toward the distal end of the tubular body and connect- ing to at least one aperture in the tubular body whereby each sublumen forms a conduit for fluid flow between at least one aperture in the tubular body and the proximal end of the tubular body, (b) first and second expansile members disposed on the tubular body of the catheter, each of said expansile members being in alignment with an aperture in the tubular body such that fluid flow through the sublumen connected to the aperture will expand the expansile member; and
(c) a reservoir containing therapeutic agent, said reservoir being connected to a sublumen having a distal aperture between said first and second expansile members.
14. A catheter device according to claim 13, further comprising means for disrupting an atheroma disposed between said first and second expansile members.
15. A catheter device according to claim 14, wherein the means for disrupting an atheroma is an angioplasty balloon.
16. A catheter device according to claim 15, wherein the angioplasty balloon is heated.
17. A catheter device according to claim 14, wherein the reservoir contains an anti-proliferative drug.
18. A catheter device according to claim 17, wherein the anti-proliferative drug is selected from the group consisting of actinomycin D, adriamycin, methotrexate, vinca alkaloids, 5-fluorouracil and nitrogen mustard.
19. A catheter device according to claim 17, wherein the anti-proliferative drug is a heparin.
20. A catheter device according to claim 17, wherein the anti-proliferative drug is a anti¬ proliferative vasodilator.
21. A catheter device according to claim 17, wherein the anti-proliferative drug is selected from the group consisting of fish oil, suramin, prostacyclin, dimethylsulfoxide, trapidil, terbafine and phorbol esters.
22. A catheter device according to claim 17, wherein the anti-proliferative drug is selected from the group consisting of anti-proliferative antibodies to peptides and growth factors.
23. A catheter device according to claim 13, wherein the reservoir contains a biocompatible adhesive.
24. A catheter device according to claim 13, wherein the reservoir contains an anti-inflammatory agent.
PCT/US1991/001242 1990-02-26 1991-02-25 Method and apparatus for treatment of tubular organs WO1991012846A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US48528790A 1990-02-26 1990-02-26
US485,287 1990-02-26

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1991012846A1 true WO1991012846A1 (en) 1991-09-05

Family

ID=23927588

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US1991/001242 WO1991012846A1 (en) 1990-02-26 1991-02-25 Method and apparatus for treatment of tubular organs

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0518940A4 (en)
JP (1) JP2730702B2 (en)
WO (1) WO1991012846A1 (en)

Cited By (55)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5320604A (en) * 1991-04-24 1994-06-14 Baxter International Inc. Low-profile single-lumen dual-balloon catheter with integrated guide wire for embolectomy dilatation/occlusion and delivery of treatment fluid
FR2701401A1 (en) * 1993-02-10 1994-08-19 Aubry Pascal Angioplasty device
WO1995009659A1 (en) * 1993-10-06 1995-04-13 Marvin Slepian Local polymeric gel cellular therapy
US5454788A (en) * 1991-04-24 1995-10-03 Baxter International Inc. Exchangeable integrated-wire balloon catheter
WO1996000102A1 (en) 1994-06-24 1996-01-04 Focal, Inc. Devices and methods for application of intraluminal photopolymerized gels
US5549559A (en) * 1990-03-22 1996-08-27 Argomed Ltd. Thermal treatment apparatus
US5662609A (en) * 1990-02-26 1997-09-02 Endoluminal Therapeutics, Inc. Method and apparatus for treatment of focal disease in hollow tubular organs and other tissue lumens
US5662712A (en) * 1993-04-28 1997-09-02 Focal, Inc. Apparatus for intraluminal photothermoforming
US5779673A (en) * 1995-06-26 1998-07-14 Focal, Inc. Devices and methods for application of intraluminal photopolymerized gels
DE19732793A1 (en) * 1997-07-30 1999-04-08 Johannes Dr Rieger Autofixangioplasty catheter
WO1999016499A1 (en) * 1997-10-01 1999-04-08 Boston Scientific Corporation Dilation systems and related methods
WO2000047197A2 (en) * 1999-02-12 2000-08-17 Quanam Medical Corporation Alkylating agents for treatment of cellular proliferation
WO2001074415A1 (en) * 2000-03-31 2001-10-11 Advanced Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. Actinomycin d for the treatment of vascular disease
WO2001074414A1 (en) * 2000-03-31 2001-10-11 Advanced Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. A biocompatible carrier containing actinomycin d and a method of forming the same
US6503556B2 (en) 2000-12-28 2003-01-07 Advanced Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. Methods of forming a coating for a prosthesis
US6540776B2 (en) 2000-12-28 2003-04-01 Advanced Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. Sheath for a prosthesis and methods of forming the same
US6663880B1 (en) 2001-11-30 2003-12-16 Advanced Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. Permeabilizing reagents to increase drug delivery and a method of local delivery
US6713119B2 (en) 1999-09-03 2004-03-30 Advanced Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. Biocompatible coating for a prosthesis and a method of forming the same
US6716444B1 (en) 2000-09-28 2004-04-06 Advanced Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. Barriers for polymer-coated implantable medical devices and methods for making the same
US6753071B1 (en) 2001-09-27 2004-06-22 Advanced Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. Rate-reducing membrane for release of an agent
US6759054B2 (en) 1999-09-03 2004-07-06 Advanced Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. Ethylene vinyl alcohol composition and coating
US6780424B2 (en) 2001-03-30 2004-08-24 Charles David Claude Controlled morphologies in polymer drug for release of drugs from polymer films
US6790228B2 (en) 1999-12-23 2004-09-14 Advanced Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. Coating for implantable devices and a method of forming the same
US6818247B1 (en) 2000-03-31 2004-11-16 Advanced Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. Ethylene vinyl alcohol-dimethyl acetamide composition and a method of coating a stent
US6824559B2 (en) 2000-12-22 2004-11-30 Advanced Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. Ethylene-carboxyl copolymers as drug delivery matrices
US6833153B1 (en) 2000-10-31 2004-12-21 Advanced Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. Hemocompatible coatings on hydrophobic porous polymers
US6908624B2 (en) 1999-12-23 2005-06-21 Advanced Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. Coating for implantable devices and a method of forming the same
US7022372B1 (en) 2002-11-12 2006-04-04 Advanced Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. Compositions for coating implantable medical devices
US7044937B1 (en) 1998-07-27 2006-05-16 Genzyme Corporation Universal modular surgical applicator systems
US7175874B1 (en) 2001-11-30 2007-02-13 Advanced Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. Apparatus and method for coating implantable devices
US7504125B1 (en) 2001-04-27 2009-03-17 Advanced Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. System and method for coating implantable devices
US7651695B2 (en) 2001-05-18 2010-01-26 Advanced Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. Medicated stents for the treatment of vascular disease
US7732535B2 (en) 2002-09-05 2010-06-08 Advanced Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. Coating for controlled release of drugs from implantable medical devices
US8211489B2 (en) 2007-12-19 2012-07-03 Abbott Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. Methods for applying an application material to an implantable device
US8361538B2 (en) 2007-12-19 2013-01-29 Abbott Laboratories Methods for applying an application material to an implantable device
US8689729B2 (en) 2003-05-15 2014-04-08 Abbott Cardiovascular Systems Inc. Apparatus for coating stents
US8871883B2 (en) 2002-12-11 2014-10-28 Abbott Cardiovascular Systems Inc. Biocompatible coating for implantable medical devices
US8871236B2 (en) 2002-12-11 2014-10-28 Abbott Cardiovascular Systems Inc. Biocompatible polyacrylate compositions for medical applications
US8961588B2 (en) 2002-03-27 2015-02-24 Advanced Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. Method of coating a stent with a release polymer for 40-O-(2-hydroxy)ethyl-rapamycin
US8961584B2 (en) 2001-06-29 2015-02-24 Abbott Cardiovascular Systems Inc. Composite stent with regioselective material
US9028859B2 (en) 2006-07-07 2015-05-12 Advanced Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. Phase-separated block copolymer coatings for implantable medical devices
US9056155B1 (en) 2007-05-29 2015-06-16 Abbott Cardiovascular Systems Inc. Coatings having an elastic primer layer
US9067000B2 (en) 2004-10-27 2015-06-30 Abbott Cardiovascular Systems Inc. End-capped poly(ester amide) copolymers
US9084671B2 (en) 2002-06-21 2015-07-21 Advanced Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. Methods of forming a micronized peptide coated stent
US9101697B2 (en) 2004-04-30 2015-08-11 Abbott Cardiovascular Systems Inc. Hyaluronic acid based copolymers
US9114198B2 (en) 2003-11-19 2015-08-25 Advanced Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. Biologically beneficial coatings for implantable devices containing fluorinated polymers and methods for fabricating the same
USRE45744E1 (en) 2003-12-01 2015-10-13 Abbott Cardiovascular Systems Inc. Temperature controlled crimping
US9175162B2 (en) 2003-05-08 2015-11-03 Advanced Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. Methods for forming stent coatings comprising hydrophilic additives
US9339592B2 (en) 2004-12-22 2016-05-17 Abbott Cardiovascular Systems Inc. Polymers of fluorinated monomers and hydrocarbon monomers
US9364498B2 (en) 2004-06-18 2016-06-14 Abbott Cardiovascular Systems Inc. Heparin prodrugs and drug delivery stents formed therefrom
US9561351B2 (en) 2006-05-31 2017-02-07 Advanced Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. Drug delivery spiral coil construct
US9561309B2 (en) 2004-05-27 2017-02-07 Advanced Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. Antifouling heparin coatings
US9580558B2 (en) 2004-07-30 2017-02-28 Abbott Cardiovascular Systems Inc. Polymers containing siloxane monomers
US10064982B2 (en) 2001-06-27 2018-09-04 Abbott Cardiovascular Systems Inc. PDLLA stent coating
US10076591B2 (en) 2010-03-31 2018-09-18 Abbott Cardiovascular Systems Inc. Absorbable coating for implantable device

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP6886783B2 (en) * 2016-07-04 2021-06-16 株式会社カネカ Balloon catheter

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4423725A (en) * 1982-03-31 1984-01-03 Baran Ostap E Multiple surgical cuff
US4636725A (en) * 1982-01-04 1987-01-13 Artronics Corporation Electronic burn-in system
US4799479A (en) * 1984-10-24 1989-01-24 The Beth Israel Hospital Association Method and apparatus for angioplasty

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CA1208516A (en) * 1982-04-02 1986-07-29 Harvey Wolinsky Methods and apparatus for relieving arterial constrictions
US4636195A (en) * 1982-04-02 1987-01-13 Harvey Wolinsky Method and apparatus for removing arterial constriction

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4636725A (en) * 1982-01-04 1987-01-13 Artronics Corporation Electronic burn-in system
US4423725A (en) * 1982-03-31 1984-01-03 Baran Ostap E Multiple surgical cuff
US4799479A (en) * 1984-10-24 1989-01-24 The Beth Israel Hospital Association Method and apparatus for angioplasty

Cited By (71)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5843156A (en) * 1988-08-24 1998-12-01 Endoluminal Therapeutics, Inc. Local polymeric gel cellular therapy
US5662609A (en) * 1990-02-26 1997-09-02 Endoluminal Therapeutics, Inc. Method and apparatus for treatment of focal disease in hollow tubular organs and other tissue lumens
US6287320B1 (en) 1990-02-26 2001-09-11 Endoluminal Therapeutics, Inc. Method and apparatus for treatment of focal disease in hollow tubular organs and other tissue lumens
US5549559A (en) * 1990-03-22 1996-08-27 Argomed Ltd. Thermal treatment apparatus
US5320604A (en) * 1991-04-24 1994-06-14 Baxter International Inc. Low-profile single-lumen dual-balloon catheter with integrated guide wire for embolectomy dilatation/occlusion and delivery of treatment fluid
US5454788A (en) * 1991-04-24 1995-10-03 Baxter International Inc. Exchangeable integrated-wire balloon catheter
FR2701401A1 (en) * 1993-02-10 1994-08-19 Aubry Pascal Angioplasty device
US6176871B1 (en) 1993-04-28 2001-01-23 Focal, Inc. Apparatus and methods for intraluminal photothermoforming
US5662712A (en) * 1993-04-28 1997-09-02 Focal, Inc. Apparatus for intraluminal photothermoforming
US5849035A (en) * 1993-04-28 1998-12-15 Focal, Inc. Methods for intraluminal photothermoforming
WO1995009659A1 (en) * 1993-10-06 1995-04-13 Marvin Slepian Local polymeric gel cellular therapy
EP1803476A3 (en) * 1993-10-06 2008-06-11 Inc. Endoluminal Therapeutics Local polymeric gel cellular therapy
US5665063A (en) * 1994-06-24 1997-09-09 Focal, Inc. Methods for application of intraluminal photopolymerized gels
WO1996000102A1 (en) 1994-06-24 1996-01-04 Focal, Inc. Devices and methods for application of intraluminal photopolymerized gels
US5779673A (en) * 1995-06-26 1998-07-14 Focal, Inc. Devices and methods for application of intraluminal photopolymerized gels
DE19732793A1 (en) * 1997-07-30 1999-04-08 Johannes Dr Rieger Autofixangioplasty catheter
US6616678B2 (en) 1997-10-01 2003-09-09 Scimed Life Systems, Inc. Dilation systems and related methods
US7090688B2 (en) 1997-10-01 2006-08-15 Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. Dilation systems and related methods
AU739331B2 (en) * 1997-10-01 2001-10-11 Boston Scientific Limited Dilation systems and related methods
WO1999016499A1 (en) * 1997-10-01 1999-04-08 Boston Scientific Corporation Dilation systems and related methods
US7044937B1 (en) 1998-07-27 2006-05-16 Genzyme Corporation Universal modular surgical applicator systems
WO2000047197A3 (en) * 1999-02-12 2001-04-05 Quanam Medical Corp Alkylating agents for treatment of cellular proliferation
WO2000047197A2 (en) * 1999-02-12 2000-08-17 Quanam Medical Corporation Alkylating agents for treatment of cellular proliferation
US6713119B2 (en) 1999-09-03 2004-03-30 Advanced Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. Biocompatible coating for a prosthesis and a method of forming the same
US6759054B2 (en) 1999-09-03 2004-07-06 Advanced Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. Ethylene vinyl alcohol composition and coating
US6908624B2 (en) 1999-12-23 2005-06-21 Advanced Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. Coating for implantable devices and a method of forming the same
US6790228B2 (en) 1999-12-23 2004-09-14 Advanced Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. Coating for implantable devices and a method of forming the same
US6818247B1 (en) 2000-03-31 2004-11-16 Advanced Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. Ethylene vinyl alcohol-dimethyl acetamide composition and a method of coating a stent
US6503954B1 (en) 2000-03-31 2003-01-07 Advanced Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. Biocompatible carrier containing actinomycin D and a method of forming the same
WO2001074414A1 (en) * 2000-03-31 2001-10-11 Advanced Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. A biocompatible carrier containing actinomycin d and a method of forming the same
WO2001074415A1 (en) * 2000-03-31 2001-10-11 Advanced Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. Actinomycin d for the treatment of vascular disease
US6716444B1 (en) 2000-09-28 2004-04-06 Advanced Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. Barriers for polymer-coated implantable medical devices and methods for making the same
US6833153B1 (en) 2000-10-31 2004-12-21 Advanced Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. Hemocompatible coatings on hydrophobic porous polymers
US6824559B2 (en) 2000-12-22 2004-11-30 Advanced Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. Ethylene-carboxyl copolymers as drug delivery matrices
US6540776B2 (en) 2000-12-28 2003-04-01 Advanced Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. Sheath for a prosthesis and methods of forming the same
US6503556B2 (en) 2000-12-28 2003-01-07 Advanced Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. Methods of forming a coating for a prosthesis
US6780424B2 (en) 2001-03-30 2004-08-24 Charles David Claude Controlled morphologies in polymer drug for release of drugs from polymer films
US8007858B2 (en) 2001-04-27 2011-08-30 Advanced Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. System and method for coating implantable devices
US7504125B1 (en) 2001-04-27 2009-03-17 Advanced Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. System and method for coating implantable devices
US7651695B2 (en) 2001-05-18 2010-01-26 Advanced Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. Medicated stents for the treatment of vascular disease
US10064982B2 (en) 2001-06-27 2018-09-04 Abbott Cardiovascular Systems Inc. PDLLA stent coating
US8961584B2 (en) 2001-06-29 2015-02-24 Abbott Cardiovascular Systems Inc. Composite stent with regioselective material
US6753071B1 (en) 2001-09-27 2004-06-22 Advanced Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. Rate-reducing membrane for release of an agent
US7014861B2 (en) 2001-11-30 2006-03-21 Advanced Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. Permeabilizing reagents to increase drug delivery and a method of local delivery
US6663880B1 (en) 2001-11-30 2003-12-16 Advanced Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. Permeabilizing reagents to increase drug delivery and a method of local delivery
US8192785B2 (en) 2001-11-30 2012-06-05 Advanced Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. Apparatus and method for coating implantable devices
US7175874B1 (en) 2001-11-30 2007-02-13 Advanced Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. Apparatus and method for coating implantable devices
US8961588B2 (en) 2002-03-27 2015-02-24 Advanced Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. Method of coating a stent with a release polymer for 40-O-(2-hydroxy)ethyl-rapamycin
US9084671B2 (en) 2002-06-21 2015-07-21 Advanced Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. Methods of forming a micronized peptide coated stent
US7732535B2 (en) 2002-09-05 2010-06-08 Advanced Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. Coating for controlled release of drugs from implantable medical devices
US7022372B1 (en) 2002-11-12 2006-04-04 Advanced Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. Compositions for coating implantable medical devices
US8871236B2 (en) 2002-12-11 2014-10-28 Abbott Cardiovascular Systems Inc. Biocompatible polyacrylate compositions for medical applications
US8986726B2 (en) 2002-12-11 2015-03-24 Abbott Cardiovascular Systems Inc. Biocompatible polyacrylate compositions for medical applications
US8871883B2 (en) 2002-12-11 2014-10-28 Abbott Cardiovascular Systems Inc. Biocompatible coating for implantable medical devices
US9175162B2 (en) 2003-05-08 2015-11-03 Advanced Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. Methods for forming stent coatings comprising hydrophilic additives
US8689729B2 (en) 2003-05-15 2014-04-08 Abbott Cardiovascular Systems Inc. Apparatus for coating stents
US9114198B2 (en) 2003-11-19 2015-08-25 Advanced Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. Biologically beneficial coatings for implantable devices containing fluorinated polymers and methods for fabricating the same
USRE45744E1 (en) 2003-12-01 2015-10-13 Abbott Cardiovascular Systems Inc. Temperature controlled crimping
US9101697B2 (en) 2004-04-30 2015-08-11 Abbott Cardiovascular Systems Inc. Hyaluronic acid based copolymers
US9561309B2 (en) 2004-05-27 2017-02-07 Advanced Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. Antifouling heparin coatings
US9364498B2 (en) 2004-06-18 2016-06-14 Abbott Cardiovascular Systems Inc. Heparin prodrugs and drug delivery stents formed therefrom
US9375445B2 (en) 2004-06-18 2016-06-28 Abbott Cardiovascular Systems Inc. Heparin prodrugs and drug delivery stents formed therefrom
US9580558B2 (en) 2004-07-30 2017-02-28 Abbott Cardiovascular Systems Inc. Polymers containing siloxane monomers
US9067000B2 (en) 2004-10-27 2015-06-30 Abbott Cardiovascular Systems Inc. End-capped poly(ester amide) copolymers
US9339592B2 (en) 2004-12-22 2016-05-17 Abbott Cardiovascular Systems Inc. Polymers of fluorinated monomers and hydrocarbon monomers
US9561351B2 (en) 2006-05-31 2017-02-07 Advanced Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. Drug delivery spiral coil construct
US9028859B2 (en) 2006-07-07 2015-05-12 Advanced Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. Phase-separated block copolymer coatings for implantable medical devices
US9056155B1 (en) 2007-05-29 2015-06-16 Abbott Cardiovascular Systems Inc. Coatings having an elastic primer layer
US8361538B2 (en) 2007-12-19 2013-01-29 Abbott Laboratories Methods for applying an application material to an implantable device
US8211489B2 (en) 2007-12-19 2012-07-03 Abbott Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. Methods for applying an application material to an implantable device
US10076591B2 (en) 2010-03-31 2018-09-18 Abbott Cardiovascular Systems Inc. Absorbable coating for implantable device

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0518940A4 (en) 1993-05-12
JPH06501165A (en) 1994-02-10
JP2730702B2 (en) 1998-03-25
EP0518940A1 (en) 1992-12-23

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US6287320B1 (en) Method and apparatus for treatment of focal disease in hollow tubular organs and other tissue lumens
WO1991012846A1 (en) Method and apparatus for treatment of tubular organs
US10307242B2 (en) Simultaneous rotating separator, irrigator microcatheter for thrombectomy and method of use
US6695830B2 (en) Method for delivering medication into an arterial wall for prevention of restenosis
JP4953571B2 (en) Methods and devices for treating aneurysms
US8267953B2 (en) Angioplasty balloon with therapeutic/aspiration channel
US5665063A (en) Methods for application of intraluminal photopolymerized gels
US10299824B2 (en) Rotating separator, irrigator microcatheter for thrombectomy
JPH09504212A (en) How to treat disorders in the body canal
US11642211B2 (en) Lasso filter tipped microcatheter for simultaneous rotating separator, irrigator for thrombectomy and method for use
JPH03505411A (en) dilation catheter
JP2022522469A (en) Equipment and methods for restoring tissue
US11877752B2 (en) Filterless aspiration, irrigating, macerating, rotating microcatheter and method of use
US11259820B2 (en) Methods and devices to ameliorate vascular obstruction
US20220240955A1 (en) Methods and devices to ameliorate vascular obstruction

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AK Designated states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): JP

AL Designated countries for regional patents

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE DK ES FR GB GR IT LU NL SE

WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 1991905598

Country of ref document: EP

WWP Wipo information: published in national office

Ref document number: 1991905598

Country of ref document: EP

WWW Wipo information: withdrawn in national office

Ref document number: 1991905598

Country of ref document: EP