WO1993021674A1 - Bougie d'allumage a performances elevees - Google Patents

Bougie d'allumage a performances elevees Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1993021674A1
WO1993021674A1 PCT/US1993/002547 US9302547W WO9321674A1 WO 1993021674 A1 WO1993021674 A1 WO 1993021674A1 US 9302547 W US9302547 W US 9302547W WO 9321674 A1 WO9321674 A1 WO 9321674A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
spark
center electrode
spark plug
sites
emitting
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US1993/002547
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Augustus J. Hipp
James E. Johnson
Original Assignee
Hipp Augustus J
Johnson James E
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hipp Augustus J, Johnson James E filed Critical Hipp Augustus J
Publication of WO1993021674A1 publication Critical patent/WO1993021674A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T13/00—Sparking plugs
    • H01T13/46—Sparking plugs having two or more spark gaps
    • H01T13/467—Sparking plugs having two or more spark gaps in parallel connection

Definitions

  • This invention relates to spark plugs used in internal combustion engines and, more particularly, to a spark plug characterized by substantially improved performance.
  • Internal combustion engine spark plugs in current commercial use characteristically include a center electrode having an exposed end in the base of the spark plug.
  • the center electrode is about 0.100 to 0.110 inch in diameter, provides a surface area of about 0.01 square inches, a circumference of about 0.35 inch, and is spaced from a ground electrode.
  • the usual ground electrode configuration comprises a L-shaped single arm welded or otherwise affixed to an edge of the plug and bent over toward the center electrode at substantially a right angle.
  • this type of spark plug provides satisfactory performance.
  • 2,684,060 to Schechter discloses a spark plug having an insulating element 11 providing support for a centrally disposed electrode 12.
  • the center electrode 12 includes a rod-shaped element 13 embedded in, and projecting from, the end of the insulator 11.
  • the lower end of the element 13 is provided with a disc-shaped electrode 14.
  • the disc-shaped electrode performs the function of covering the opening in the end of the ground electrode, offering obstructive resistance to the products of combustion and also serves to dissipate heat which would normally be absorbed by the insulator.
  • another advantage is that an external spark is provided, rather than one that takes place in close proximity to the insulator and the interior of the spark plug. Because of the disc shape of the electrode and the configuration of the adjacent surface of the shell electrode, the products of combustion, it is stated, are directed away from the insulator and the interior.
  • U.S. 4,161,937 to Gerry discloses a variety of igniter or spark plug configurations. At least a portion of the air-fuel mixture is ionized in proximity of the electrodes of the igniters thereby creating a plasma at least in proximity of such electrodes. The plasma may then be subjected to a magnetic field created by virtue of the igniter base material being permanently or electromagnetically magnetized. Still other prior work includes U.S. 3,009,075 to
  • Hensley discloses a spark plug that has a self- contained protective shield for preventing the accumulation of foreign matter upon the spark plug, so as to enhance the efficiency.
  • U.S. 3,394,285 to Lindsay discloses a two-gap spark plug with a series resistor for each gap.
  • U.S. 2,269,682 to Paulson discloses various spark plug configurations that are said to operate using electrodes of small mass and of considerable total surface area in relation to their mass.
  • U.S. 4,419,601 to Ha ai et al. discloses a spark plug including a resistive semiconductor body connecting a center electrode and an earth electrode to perform a creeping discharge at low discharge voltages while keeping adequate ignition performances.
  • a spark plug has been developed that maximizes the spark pattern, minimizes interference with movement of gasses and flame front propagation and provides substantial improvement in performance in comparison to commercially utilized spark plugs.
  • employing spark plugs according to the present invention can greatly reduce ignition delay time even under conditions of high compression.
  • utilizing the spark plugs of the present invention allows increased burning efficiency in the combustion chamber, resulting in a cooler running engine, increased engine horsepower and mileage per gallon or liter of fuel consumed as well as reduced oxides of nitrogen, carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon emissions.
  • the spark plug includes a center electrode having ah enlarged diameter and a circumference or perimeter significantly larger than that of the center electrode of commercial spark plugs, as discussed above, and having spark-emitting sites concentrically (or complementary) disposed about the periphery of the center electrode in a first plane.
  • the first and second planes must be parallel.
  • the center electrode spark-emitting sites must be concentric to the spark-receiving sites of the ground electrode and uniformly spaced therefrom by the desired fixed spark gap.
  • FIGURE 1 is an isometric view of one embodiment of the spark plug of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken generally along the line 2-2 of FIGURE 1 and illustrating the positioning of the center electrode in relation to the end of the spark plug housing;
  • FIG. 3 is a partial cross-sectional and schematic view of a spark plug configuration according to the present invention, schematically showing the relative positioning of the center electrode in relation to that of the ground electrode;
  • FIG. 4 is a partial cross-sectional view of a spark plug wherein the metal skirt is reduced in thickness;
  • FIG. 5 is a plan view of the most preferred configuration for a center electrode for the spark plug of the present invention;
  • FIG. 6 is a plan view of yet another embodiment that may be used for the center electrode;
  • FIG. 7 is a partial cross-sectional view of an alternative embodiment for a center electrode and showing a configuration utilizing a skirt member;
  • FIG. 8 is a partial isometric view of a further, and preferred, embodiment of a spark plug of the present invention in which the center electrode is positioned beneath the ground electrode;
  • FIG. 9 is a partial cross-sectional view taken generally along the line 9-9 of FIG. 8 and further illustrating the positioning of the center electrode and the ground electrode;
  • FIG. 9a is a partial detail view of the embodiment shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, and further illustrating the relative positioning between the center and ground electrodes and the ground electrode support legs;
  • FIG. 10 is a partial isometric view of yet another embodiment of the spark plug of the present invention and showing an embodiment in which the insulator projects above the end of the spark plug housing;
  • FIG. 11 is a partial isometric view of yet another embodiment for a ground electrode for use in the spark plug of this invention;
  • FIG. 12 is a partial isometric view of a further embodiment of a spark plug according to the present invention and showing a double ring configuration
  • FIGS. 13, 13a and 13b are isometric and side views of a partially assembled ground electrode having a mounting ring.
  • spark plug has been shown in a base-up position in the drawings for ease of illustration. However, the base is considered in its usual position in service for purposes of the description which follows.
  • the spark plug 10 of the present invention can suitably assume the configuration of a conventional automotive internal combustion engine spark plug, except having the unique center and ground electrodes of the present invention.
  • the spark plug 10 includes a terminal element 14 for-connecting to a coil wire (not shown) .
  • a high quality insulator 16 encapsulates the center electrode which terminates at the bottom of the spark plug 10 as exposed center electrode 12.
  • Many suitable ceramic materials are known in the art and may be employed to make the insulator.
  • a high temperature resistant polymer or other appropriate heat resistant insulative material could, of course, be employed for the insulator.
  • the bottom of the spark plug 10 comprises a metal shell or housing member 20 and a nut portion 22.
  • Shell or housing member 20 thus terminates in a shank 24 having a threaded shank skirt 26 and ground electrode 13.
  • the interior " portion of shank 24 terminates in one ground electrode configuration of this invention in this embodiment.
  • a center electrode having spark-emitting sites about its periphery is provided.
  • planar center electrode 12 is affixed to a center electrode member 11.
  • Planar center electrode 12, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 is in the form of a plain solid disc.
  • Center electrode 12 may be formed of any corrosion-resistant metal capable of providing spark- emitting sites. As is known in this field, many suitable materials may be used in spark plug manufacture. Illustrative examples include alloys such as nickel/chromium, platinum and the like.
  • center electrode 12 may be affixed to center electrode member 11 by any suitable means.
  • center electrode 12 may be welded, brazed or otherwise fused with the center electrode member.
  • the center electrode and center electrode member may be of a unitary configuration.
  • a ground electrode is provided which is disposed at a fixed, pre-set gap in relation to the spark-emitting sites of the center electrode, providing spark-receiving sites disposed in a second plane.
  • a ground electrode 13 is formed by the skirt portion of the spark plug housing.
  • the metal end of the spark plug housing defines a skirt portion 26 terminating in an annular ground electrode surface 13.
  • annular ground electrode surface 13 is concentric to the center electrode and generally to the longitudinal axis of the spark plug.
  • the distance between the spark-emitting sites of the center electrode and the spark-receiving sites of the ground electrode will typically be about 0.030 to 0.060 inch (viz. - 0.76-1.152 mm).
  • a greater or lesser spacing may be desired, or even required, for special application spark plugs, where combustion chambers of unusual design are employed, or when fuels such as propane, methanol, ethanol, or other fuels are substituted for gasoline.
  • the distance or gap appropriate for a particular application may be readily determined by straightforward testing, as is known.
  • the planes of the spark-emitting sites of the center electrode and that of the spark-receiving sites of the ground electrode be parallel. Additionally, it is further critical that the spark-emitting sites in any annular configuration of the center electrode be concentric to the spark-receiving sites of the ground electrode with uniform spacing between such emitting and receiving sites being maintained by the desired fixed spark gap.
  • an enhanced and uniform circular spark pattern is provided, thereby enlarging the combustion area and improving the combustion flame spread around the periphery of the center electrode.
  • a uniform flame spread results in more complete combustion of the fuel mixture, increased horsepower for a given amount of fuel consumed and increased fuel economy, as well as other advantages as herein described.
  • the ignition delay, dwell time, or combustion chamber smolder time is greatly reduced and the anticipated spark plug life is greatly increased in comparison to that of a conventional spark plug since the distribution of the sparks along the ground electrode surface prevents the single point-type burn which occurs when using a conventional ground electrode.
  • the present configuration continues to fire in substantially the same firing pattern under very high compressions where other spark plugs tend to cease all but sporadic firing.
  • the positioning of the planar spacing of the center electrode from that of the ground electrode may be varied within wide limits.
  • the planar location of the center electrode may vary from A, to B, to c and, as is known, even to D.
  • the dotted lines, designated GA, GB, GC and GD, define the uniform annular spark gap between the respective center electrode spark-emitting surface and the spark-receiving surface of the ground electrode configurations shown.
  • the center electrode 12 must be of a smaller diameter than in the other configurations A, B and C of FIG. 3.
  • center electrode 12 Reducing the diameter of center electrode 12 to achieve configuration D is undesirable; and, in order to maximize the diameter of center electrode 12, the thickness of the bottom end of the spark plug skirt 26 must be reduced to about 0.035 inch or even less to accommodate such larger diameter center electrode 12 as shown in FIG. 4, so as to provide the desired enlarged spark pattern of the present invention.
  • the minimum thickness will, in general, be determined by the desired service life for particular applications.
  • center electrode 12 having spark-emitting sites 12A about tne periphery of electrode 12, fires to the spark-receiving sites 13A around the inner periphery of ground electrode 13 in an enlarged spark-emitting and receiving pattern to increase the ignition front size and improve propagation of the combustion flame front.
  • the spark-emitting sites and spark- receiving sites lie in the same or substantially the same plane and the spark-emitting sites are concentric toy—and uniformly spaced from, the spark-receiving sites to achieve the desired improved spark pattern.
  • the center electrode may assume other configurations so long as the appropriate annular spark pattern is provided in accordance with this invention.
  • the annular spark-emitting surface is continuous. Such a surface, regardless of how the rest of the center electrode may be configured, is attained by using a center electrode having a uniform, continuous peripheral surface. In this fashion, the entire periphery of the center electrode constitutes the spark-emitting surface. The performance is thus enhanced because of the size of the spark pattern. Also, the multiple spark-emitting sites involved can significantly increase the expected service life in comparison to that of a conventional spark plug. Thus, the use of the present invention eliminates the spark concentration generally believed to be responsible for the erosion of the center electrode in spark plugs of conventional design.
  • an annular spark pattern in accordance with this invention is provided when multiple spark-emitting sites are disposed in a single plane about a circle formed by concentric multiple spark-emitting sites.
  • an annular spark pattern is provided where the spark-emitting surface is a continuous or discontinuous ring, or a series of equal length radial arms extending in the same ⁇ plane from a central hub, to provide spark-emitting sites about a ring uniformly spaced from the spark-receiving sites and concentrically disposed thereto.
  • ground electrode can be envisioned, including a variety of complex shapes.
  • use of a continuous, circular ring provides significant advantages in manufacture and assembly.
  • the use of a circular ring simplifies assembly insofar as insuring and achieving the essential concentricity and uniform gap between the spark-emitting and spark- receiving sites.
  • center electrode configurations may be used for increasing the periphery of the spark- emitting surface, provided that the spark-emitting and receiving sites of such electrodes lie in parallel planes, opposing electrode configurations provide a uniform spark gap between such sites and such configurations do not interfere significantly with gas movement and flame front propagation.
  • spark- emitting and receiving sites which provide concentric configurations are the more desirable configurations and simplify manufacturing techniques.
  • FIGS. 5 and 6 show alternative configurations that may be used as a.center electrode in the present invention.
  • Center electrode 12 may be a continuous ring as shown or a discontinuous ring, symmetrical or asymmetrical, or in the form of radial arms, symmetrical or asymmetrical, in a single plane as depicted in FIG. 6. So long as the spark-emitting sites are concentric to the spark-receiving sites and are uniformly spaced therefrom, any of the foregoing configurations of FIGS. 5 and 6 may be used to provide improved spark patterns in accordance with the present invention.
  • the center electrode 12 thus has a central portion 12• , a plurality of arms 12", each of equal length and radiating from the center portion 12 ' to the periphery 12A of the electrode.
  • This configuration is advantageous because it provides maximum spark-emitting sites, and minimum restriction to flame front propagation and movement of combustion gasses. Indeed, regardless of the particular configuration employed for the center electrode, it is preferred in accordance with the present invention to minimize the restriction to flame front propagation and movement of combustion gasses. This objective can be accomplished by using a center electrode configuration having as much open area as possible, consistent with providing the desired surface for the spark-emitting sites.
  • open center electrode thus refers to an electrode configuration that minimizes the restriction to flame front propagation and movement of combustion gasses.
  • FIG. 7 shows an alternative configuration that may be used for a center electrode in the spark plug of this invention.
  • center electrode 12 is shaped to provide a ridge-like ring 12A as the spark-emitting surface and the spark- receiving surface of the ground electrode 13 likewise may have a similar ridge-like ring 13A, as shown.
  • FIGS. 8, 9 and 9a show a preferred embodiment of a spark plug according to the present invention ⁇
  • the center electrode 12 is positioned beneath the ground electrode 13.
  • ground electrode 13 is raised above skirt 26 by utilizing legs 15.
  • This embodiment is preferred .because it projects the spark pattern toward the combustion chamber while presenting minimum restriction to flame propagation and combustion gas movement.
  • the gap distance Y between the center electrode 12 and the ground electrode 13 must be less than the distance X from the center electrode 12 to ground electrode mounting leg 15 in order to prevent the center electrode from firing to the leg, as shown in FIG 9a.
  • the insulator portion projects beyond the end of the skirt or threaded portion of the plug housing.
  • FIG. 10 shows a suitable spark plug pursuant to the present invention.
  • legs 15 position ground electrode 13 above the threaded end of the housing skirt 26.
  • Center electrode 12 is positioned at the end of center electrode member 11.
  • the ground electrode 13 comprises a series of uniform annular saw teeth 13A which provide spark- receiving sites and which are uniformly spaced from and concentric with the spark-emitting sites.
  • the ground electrode must have a configuration and be positioned such that the — critical relationships hereinbefore discussed are maintained, but the shape of the ground electrode need not be complementary to that of the center electrode.
  • the saw tooth configuration as shown in FIG. 11 is utilized for the ground electrode, the accompanying center electrode need not have a matching or similar saw tooth configuration, provided that the distance between the multiple spark-emitting and spark- receiving sites is uniform and such sites are " concentrically disposed in parallel planes.
  • center electrode may be fabricated by stamping, molding, or indeed by any other process as is known in the art.
  • ground electrode may be made by molding, machining, grinding or any other processes, as are also known in the art. Pursuant to a further aspect of the present invention, it is believed that a double ring ground electrode configuration provides particular advantages when made of material different from that of the metal housing 20 of the remainder of the spark plug.
  • FIG. 12 shows such a double ring ground electrode configuration. Ground electrode ring 13 is thus connected to the housing mounting ring 17 by leg 15. The double ring configuration is mounted onto the spark plug skirt to obtain desired spark gap.
  • the ground electrode end of the skirt portion 26 is machined or ground to provide an interior or an exterior shoulder 18 as shown in FIGS. 13, 13a and 13b.
  • the double ring ground electrode comprises the ground electrode 13, leg 15 and the mounting ring 17.
  • the ground electrode and mounting ring are interconnected by at least one leg 15, but more may be used as desired.
  • the leg 15 length is chosen in combination with the depth of shoulder 18 along the longitudinal axis of the spark plug to achieve the desired spark gap between center electrode 12 and ground electrode 13.
  • the mounting ring is placed upon shoulder 18 and is welded or otherwise fused to the threaded shank skirt portion 26 to complete the assembly.
  • the mounting ring may be attached to the end surface 13 of FIG. 1 in those instances where the ground electrode 13 is raised above the skirt portion as shown in FIGS. 8-10, with or without the use of a machined shoulder.
  • the gap between the center electrode and ground electrode is determined by the length of the leg or legs 15.

Abstract

L'invention décrit une bougie d'allumage (10) optimisant la configuration de l'étincelle, minimisant l'interférence créée entre le déplacement des gaz et la propagation du front de la flamme et améliorant sensiblement les performances d'allumage par rapport aux bougies vendues actuellement dans le commerce. Ladite bougie d'allumage comprend une électrode centrale (12) comportant une extrémité de branchement de fils électriques (14) et un extrémité d'émission de l'étincelle, un élément isolant (16) enrobant l'électode centrale, un élément de boîtier métallique (20) entourant l'élément isolant, ainsi qu'un élément d'électrode de masse (13) possédant des régions de réception de l'étincelle, les régions d'émission de l'étincelle de l'électrode centrale (12) étant situées dans un premier plan et présentant une configuration d'étincelle périphérique et les régions de réception de l'étincelle de l'électrode de masse (13) étant situées dans un deuxième plan parallèle au premier plan, les régions de réception de l'étincelle étant situées au niveau d'un espace uniforme prédéterminé par rapport aux régions d'émission de l'étincelle.
PCT/US1993/002547 1992-04-09 1993-03-17 Bougie d'allumage a performances elevees WO1993021674A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US86590292A 1992-04-09 1992-04-09
US865,902 1992-04-09

Publications (1)

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WO1993021674A1 true WO1993021674A1 (fr) 1993-10-28

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AU (1) AU3925993A (fr)
MX (1) MX9302031A (fr)
WO (1) WO1993021674A1 (fr)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0845079A1 (fr) * 1995-06-21 1998-06-03 Michael A. V. Ward Extremite d'allumage de bougie en forme de disque/halo possedant un ecartement important, a faible absorption de chaleur et presentant des caracteristiques de tension de decharge elevee, de faible encrassement et de longue duree de vie
EP0845167B1 (fr) * 1996-06-15 2003-01-15 Robert Bosch Gmbh Bougie d'allumage pour moteur a combustion interne
WO2010040616A1 (fr) * 2008-10-06 2010-04-15 Robert Bosch Gmbh Bougie d’allumage, notamment pour un moteur à combustion interne fixe
US20120133264A1 (en) * 2004-09-28 2012-05-31 Robert Morin Spark plug with firing end having downward extending tines
WO2013141681A1 (fr) 2012-03-22 2013-09-26 KLIMAITIENĖ, Otilija Bougie d'allumage
AT520394A1 (de) * 2017-07-19 2019-03-15 Pges Guenther Herdin Technisches Buero Gmbh Zündkerze

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2048481A (en) * 1935-09-12 1936-07-21 Arnois Charles Lennig Spark plug
US2322616A (en) * 1942-04-13 1943-06-22 Waukesha Motor Co Spark plug
US4161937A (en) * 1976-07-21 1979-07-24 Gerry Martin E Igniter with magnetic activation

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2048481A (en) * 1935-09-12 1936-07-21 Arnois Charles Lennig Spark plug
US2322616A (en) * 1942-04-13 1943-06-22 Waukesha Motor Co Spark plug
US4161937A (en) * 1976-07-21 1979-07-24 Gerry Martin E Igniter with magnetic activation

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0845079A1 (fr) * 1995-06-21 1998-06-03 Michael A. V. Ward Extremite d'allumage de bougie en forme de disque/halo possedant un ecartement important, a faible absorption de chaleur et presentant des caracteristiques de tension de decharge elevee, de faible encrassement et de longue duree de vie
EP0845079A4 (fr) * 1995-06-21 1998-09-09 Michael A V Ward Extremite d'allumage de bougie en forme de disque/halo possedant un ecartement important, a faible absorption de chaleur et presentant des caracteristiques de tension de decharge elevee, de faible encrassement et de longue duree de vie
EP0845167B1 (fr) * 1996-06-15 2003-01-15 Robert Bosch Gmbh Bougie d'allumage pour moteur a combustion interne
US20120133264A1 (en) * 2004-09-28 2012-05-31 Robert Morin Spark plug with firing end having downward extending tines
US8853926B2 (en) * 2004-09-28 2014-10-07 Robert Morin Spark plug with firing end having downward extending tines
WO2010040616A1 (fr) * 2008-10-06 2010-04-15 Robert Bosch Gmbh Bougie d’allumage, notamment pour un moteur à combustion interne fixe
WO2013141681A1 (fr) 2012-03-22 2013-09-26 KLIMAITIENĖ, Otilija Bougie d'allumage
AT520394A1 (de) * 2017-07-19 2019-03-15 Pges Guenther Herdin Technisches Buero Gmbh Zündkerze
AT520394B1 (de) * 2017-07-19 2020-04-15 Pges Guenther Herdin Technisches Buero Gmbh Zündkerze

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU3925993A (en) 1993-11-18
MX9302031A (es) 1994-03-31

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