WO1994015771A1 - Verfahren und vorrichtung zum herstellen eines dreidimensionalen objekts - Google Patents
Verfahren und vorrichtung zum herstellen eines dreidimensionalen objekts Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1994015771A1 WO1994015771A1 PCT/EP1993/003725 EP9303725W WO9415771A1 WO 1994015771 A1 WO1994015771 A1 WO 1994015771A1 EP 9303725 W EP9303725 W EP 9303725W WO 9415771 A1 WO9415771 A1 WO 9415771A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- container
- base
- cutout
- container wall
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C41/00—Shaping by coating a mould, core or other substrate, i.e. by depositing material and stripping-off the shaped article; Apparatus therefor
- B29C41/34—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C41/50—Shaping under special conditions, e.g. vacuum
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
- B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/30—Process control
- B22F10/32—Process control of the atmosphere, e.g. composition or pressure in a building chamber
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/005—Loading or unloading powder metal objects
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
- B29C64/141—Processes of additive manufacturing using only solid materials
- B29C64/153—Processes of additive manufacturing using only solid materials using layers of powder being selectively joined, e.g. by selective laser sintering or melting
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/10—Auxiliary heating means
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/40—Radiation means
- B22F12/44—Radiation means characterised by the configuration of the radiation means
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C2791/00—Shaping characteristics in general
- B29C2791/004—Shaping under special conditions
- B29C2791/005—Using a particular environment, e.g. sterile fluids other than air
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for producing a three-dimensional object according to the preamble of claim 1 and an apparatus for carrying out such a method according to the preamble of claim 10.
- Such a method is known for example from US 4,863,538.
- a powdery solid material is used as the material, which is applied in layers to the top of a lowerable piston and sintered by means of a laser at the locations corresponding to the object.
- the piston is lowered step by step in a cylinder which encloses the powdery material.
- a heater keeps the material at an operating temperature of about 150 ° C. required for sintering.
- the disadvantages of this known method are that, together with the material, the cylinder must also be heated to the operating temperature, which requires a preheating time of 2 to 3 hours. Furthermore, a slow cooling to below 100 ° C. must be carried out before the object is removed from the cylinder in order to avoid a risk of dust explosion. The object must remain in the cylinder during this cooling time. In general, this results in long setup and disassembly times and thus long production times in the known method. This disadvantage is to be eliminated with the invention.
- this object is to be achieved by the features of claim 1 and the features of claim 10. Since, according to the invention, the container wall corresponding to the conventional cylinder is produced together with the object, there is no need to preheat the cylinder and thus the long set-up time. After completion of the object, the container wall, which is not part of the device, can be removed from the device together with the object for targeted cooling, so that the long cooling time in the device and thus the disassembly time are also eliminated.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of the device according to the invention in section.
- the device has a substantially horizontally arranged work table 1 with a hole in the form of a cutout 2.
- the cutout 2 is preferably circular with a cross section which is larger than the largest cross sectional area of the object 3 to be produced.
- the cutout 2 can also have any other suitable shape.
- An irradiation device 4 for example a laser, is arranged above the work table 1 and emits a directed light beam 5. This is deflected via a deflection device 6, for example a rotating mirror, as a deflected beam 7 onto the plane of the work table 1.
- a controller 8 controls the deflection device in such a way that the deflected beam 7 strikes any desired location within the work area defined by the cutout 2.
- a substantially horizontally arranged base 9 in the form of a platform, which is designed as a laterally guided table with a shape corresponding to the cutout 2 and by means of a height adjustment also arranged on the side.
- REPLACEMENT LEAF device 10 in the direction of arrow 11 between a highest position, in which the surface of the base lies within the cutout 2 and essentially at the same height as the surface of the work table 1, and a deepest position, indicated in dashed lines in the figure, in which the base 9 is lowered to such an extent that its surface lies in a plane with an adjacent receiving plate 12 and can be displaced.
- the distance between the receiving plate and the work table, that is to say the height adjustment range of the base is greater than the maximum height of the object 3.
- the device Adjacent to the mounting plate 12, the device has an opening 13 which can be tightly closed by means of a door 14.
- a removal container 15 is provided which can be tightly connected or docked to the opening on the side of the opening 13 opposite the receiving plate 12.
- the removal container 15 has a door 16 for tightly closing the container ⁇ > and is provided with a supply device 17 for inert gas, for example nitrogen, and with a heater 18.
- a dispensing or pushing-out device 19, for example in the form of a side-mounted slide or the like, is designed and arranged in such a way that in the lowest position of the base 9 the object resting thereon from the base 9 onto the receiving plate 12 and through the (Open) doors 14, 16 can move into the removal container 15.
- a device 20 for applying a layer of a powdery material 21 is designed in a manner known per se as a roller, which extends horizontally over the work table 1 from a position in which the material 21 is applied from a supply 22 to the surface of the roller Section 2 is movable.
- low-melting plastic material such as, for example, nylon with grain sizes of approximately 10 ⁇ and less, but also metal powder or hybrids, i.e. plastic coated metal
- the controller 8, the height adjustment device 10 and the output device 19 are each connected to a central control unit 24 for coordinated control of these devices in the manner described below.
- the base 9 is first moved into the highest position by means of the height adjustment device 10, in which the surface of the base 9 lies in one plane with the surface of the work table 1, and then lowered by the amount of the intended thickness of the first material layer, so that a recessed area is formed within the cutout 2, which is delimited laterally by the walls of the cutout 2 and below by the surface of the base 9.
- a first layer of the material 21 with the intended layer thickness is then introduced into the cavity or the lowered region formed by the cutout 2 and the base 9 and by the heater 23 to a suitable working temperature, for example 140 ° C. to 160 ° C, warmed.
- the control unit 24 then controls the deflection device 6 via its control 8 in such a way that the deflected light beam 7 strikes one after the other at all points in the layer and the material 21 is solidified there by sintering. In this way, a solid bottom layer 25 is first formed.
- the base 9 is lowered by the control unit 24 by the amount of a layer thickness by means of the height adjustment device 10, and a second material layer is introduced and re-introduced into the resulting lowered area within the cutout 2 by means of the roller 20 derum heated by the heater 23.
- the deflection device 6 is controlled by the control unit 24 in such a way that the deflected light beam 7 only on the inner surface
- the control unit 24 controls the deflection device 6 in such a way that the deflected light beam 7 strikes those points of the layer which are to be solidified in accordance with the coordinates of the object 3 stored in the control unit 24.
- a second annular wall layer of the same wall thickness is sintered onto the first annular wall layer in the same way as described above.
- annular wall layer is sintered onto the underlying annular wall layer during the production of each object layer, an annular wall region 26 is created in the form of a container wall, which encloses the object 3 together with the remaining, non-sintered material 21 and thus when the base 9 is lowered under the work table 1 prevents leakage of the material 21.
- the support is then lowered to the height of the receiving plate 12 in the manner indicated by the broken line in the figure by means of the height adjustment device 10, and a removal container 15 previously heated to a temperature of about 140-160 ° C. under a nitrogen atmosphere is connected to the discharge opening 13 .
- the dispensing device is actuated in such a way that it pushes the container 28 through the opening 13 into the removal container 15.
- the removal container 15 can be removed and a new object can be produced without waiting.
- the required slow cooling of the object 3 takes place in the removal container 15 by controlling the heater 18 accordingly, regardless of the manufacture of the next object.
- an inert gas atmosphere preferably a nitrogen atmosphere, is also generated in the working area by means known per se (not shown). Due to the lock-like design of the doors 14, 16, this atmosphere is prevented from escaping when the finished object 3 is dispensed, and thus an interruption of the manufacturing operation.
- the production of the bottom layer 25 can thus be dispensed with; the cover layer 27 is also not required if the residual powder then exposed in the removal container 15 can also be reliably cooled under protective gas; on the other hand, in the production of both layers 25, 27 and thus the sealed container 28, the cooling can possibly also be carried out without removal container 15 or without a protective gas atmosphere; in addition to being a roller, the application device 20 can also be designed as a scattering or spreading device, as a slide, broom, wiper or in any manner suitable for applying a uniform layer of powdery material; the heaters 18, 23 can be used as radiation and / or
- REPLACEMENT LEAF heaters can be formed and any other radiation source for electromagnetic radiation that emits a directed beam with sufficient energy for sintering, such as a light source or an electron beam source, can be used for the radiation device.
- any other radiation source for electromagnetic radiation that emits a directed beam with sufficient energy for sintering such as a light source or an electron beam source, can be used for the radiation device.
- liquid material can also be used instead of powdery material.
- the solidified wall layer forming the container wall need not be circular, but can have any shape of a substantially closed curve. However, this shape preferably corresponds to the shape of the cutout 2.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE59305645T DE59305645D1 (de) | 1993-01-11 | 1993-12-30 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum herstellen eines dreidimensionalen objekts |
JP6515658A JP2906188B2 (ja) | 1993-01-11 | 1993-12-30 | 3次元対象物の製造方法および装置 |
EP94904614A EP0632761B1 (de) | 1993-01-11 | 1993-12-30 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum herstellen eines dreidimensionalen objekts |
US08/284,511 US5658412A (en) | 1993-01-11 | 1993-12-30 | Method and apparatus for producing a three-dimensional object |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DEP4300478.4 | 1993-01-11 | ||
DE4300478A DE4300478C2 (de) | 1993-01-11 | 1993-01-11 | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Herstellen eines dreidimensionalen Objekts |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1994015771A1 true WO1994015771A1 (de) | 1994-07-21 |
Family
ID=6477961
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP1993/003725 WO1994015771A1 (de) | 1993-01-11 | 1993-12-30 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum herstellen eines dreidimensionalen objekts |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5658412A (de) |
EP (1) | EP0632761B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2906188B2 (de) |
DE (3) | DE4300478C2 (de) |
WO (1) | WO1994015771A1 (de) |
Cited By (3)
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WO2013117185A1 (de) | 2012-02-10 | 2013-08-15 | Additech Gmbh | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur herstellung eines 3-dimensionalen objektes |
CN106392068A (zh) * | 2015-07-28 | 2017-02-15 | 原子能和替代能源委员会 | 用于操作期间降低粉末传播风险的增材制造的方法和机器 |
US10556378B2 (en) | 2008-05-20 | 2020-02-11 | Eos Gmbh Electro Optical Systems | Selective sintering of structurally modified polymers |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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DE9319567U1 (de) | 1994-05-05 |
DE4300478C1 (de) | 1994-08-25 |
EP0632761B1 (de) | 1997-03-05 |
EP0632761A1 (de) | 1995-01-11 |
DE59305645D1 (de) | 1997-04-10 |
US5658412A (en) | 1997-08-19 |
DE4300478C2 (de) | 1998-05-20 |
JPH07501765A (ja) | 1995-02-23 |
JP2906188B2 (ja) | 1999-06-14 |
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