WO1995020284A1 - I/q quadraphase modulator circuit - Google Patents
I/q quadraphase modulator circuit Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1995020284A1 WO1995020284A1 PCT/IB1995/000047 IB9500047W WO9520284A1 WO 1995020284 A1 WO1995020284 A1 WO 1995020284A1 IB 9500047 W IB9500047 W IB 9500047W WO 9520284 A1 WO9520284 A1 WO 9520284A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- signals
- multiplier
- quadraphase
- circuit
- mixer
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
- H04L27/32—Carrier systems characterised by combinations of two or more of the types covered by groups H04L27/02, H04L27/10, H04L27/18 or H04L27/26
- H04L27/34—Amplitude- and phase-modulated carrier systems, e.g. quadrature-amplitude modulated carrier systems
- H04L27/36—Modulator circuits; Transmitter circuits
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03C—MODULATION
- H03C1/00—Amplitude modulation
- H03C1/52—Modulators in which carrier or one sideband is wholly or partially suppressed
- H03C1/54—Balanced modulators, e.g. bridge type, ring type or double balanced type
- H03C1/542—Balanced modulators, e.g. bridge type, ring type or double balanced type comprising semiconductor devices with at least three electrodes
- H03C1/545—Balanced modulators, e.g. bridge type, ring type or double balanced type comprising semiconductor devices with at least three electrodes using bipolar transistors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03D—DEMODULATION OR TRANSFERENCE OF MODULATION FROM ONE CARRIER TO ANOTHER
- H03D7/00—Transference of modulation from one carrier to another, e.g. frequency-changing
- H03D7/14—Balanced arrangements
- H03D7/1425—Balanced arrangements with transistors
- H03D7/1433—Balanced arrangements with transistors using bipolar transistors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03D—DEMODULATION OR TRANSFERENCE OF MODULATION FROM ONE CARRIER TO ANOTHER
- H03D7/00—Transference of modulation from one carrier to another, e.g. frequency-changing
- H03D7/14—Balanced arrangements
- H03D7/1425—Balanced arrangements with transistors
- H03D7/1458—Double balanced arrangements, i.e. where both input signals are differential
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03D—DEMODULATION OR TRANSFERENCE OF MODULATION FROM ONE CARRIER TO ANOTHER
- H03D7/00—Transference of modulation from one carrier to another, e.g. frequency-changing
- H03D7/16—Multiple-frequency-changing
- H03D7/165—Multiple-frequency-changing at least two frequency changers being located in different paths, e.g. in two paths with carriers in quadrature
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03C—MODULATION
- H03C2200/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of modulators or modulation methods covered by H03C
- H03C2200/0004—Circuit elements of modulators
- H03C2200/0025—Gilbert multipliers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03C—MODULATION
- H03C2200/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of modulators or modulation methods covered by H03C
- H03C2200/0037—Functional aspects of modulators
- H03C2200/0058—Quadrature arrangements
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03C—MODULATION
- H03C2200/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of modulators or modulation methods covered by H03C
- H03C2200/0037—Functional aspects of modulators
- H03C2200/0066—Reduction of carrier leakage or the suppression of the carrier
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03D—DEMODULATION OR TRANSFERENCE OF MODULATION FROM ONE CARRIER TO ANOTHER
- H03D1/00—Demodulation of amplitude-modulated oscillations
- H03D1/22—Homodyne or synchrodyne circuits
- H03D1/229—Homodyne or synchrodyne circuits using at least a two emittor-coupled differential pair of transistors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03D—DEMODULATION OR TRANSFERENCE OF MODULATION FROM ONE CARRIER TO ANOTHER
- H03D7/00—Transference of modulation from one carrier to another, e.g. frequency-changing
- H03D7/18—Modifications of frequency-changers for eliminating image frequencies
Definitions
- This invention relates to I/Q quadraphase modulator/ demodulator electrical circuits.
- LO local oscillator
- Such devices are useful for, among other things, digital cellular radio, RF data links, vector generators, modulators and demodulators, and single sideband mixers.
- Typical I/Q mixer performance of this and similar chips is limited by the quadrature quality of the LO signals.
- Quadrature phase errors occur due to process variations, circuit component mismatch and circuit parasitics.
- An object of the invention is a quadraphase mixer circuit having improved performance.
- Another object of the invention is a quadraphase mixer circuit which is substantially insensitive to phase errors in the quadrature LO signals.
- the quadraphase mixer circuit comprises two Gilbert cell type of multipliers each of which comprises top ports and bottom ports. Sum and difference, limited, quadrature, differential signals are applied to the top ports of the Gilbert cell multipliers. The result is to make the circuit less sensitive to LO phase errors and thus to improve sideband (image) rejection over the conventional circuit typically using one Gilbert cell multiplier.
- Fig. 1 is a circuit schematic of a conventional Gilbert cell multiplier
- Fig. 2 is a schematic circuit showing equivalence of a differential pair
- Fig. 3 is a circuit schematic of one form of mixer used as quadraphase modulator/demodulator circuit in accordance with the invention
- Fig. 4 is a circuit schematic of another form of quadraphase modulator/demodulator circuit in accordance with the invention.
- Fig. 1 shows a typical Gilbert cell multiplier circuit 10, which is characterized by the series connection of an emitter-coupled transistor pair Ql, Q2, designated 11, with two cross-coupled, emitter-coupled pairs Q3, Q4, and Q5, Q6, designated 12, and 13, respectively.
- Ql emitter-coupled transistor pair
- Q3 cross-coupled, emitter-coupled pairs
- Q6 designated 12, and 13 respectively.
- Two top ports 16, 17 for LO signals and two bottom ports 18, 19 for RF signals are provided.
- each of the transistor pairs can be and are replaced by a block 20, so that the circuit fragment depicted at the left in Fig. 2 is the equivalent of the circuit fragment at the right, referred to herein as a differential pair.
- the block 20 corresponds to each of the transistor pairs 11, 12, and 13.
- Fig. 3 shows one form of quadraphase modulator/demodulator circuit in accordance with the invention, the same reference numerals designating the same elements. This differs from the circuit of Fig. 1 in that two identical Gilbert cell multipliers 21, 22 are provided, each of which, except for the signal connections, is identical to the circuit 10 of Fig. 1. In the Fig. 3 circuit, to the ports 30, 31 of the bottom differential pair at the left are supplied positive and negative I (inphase) signals, designated VI.
- VQ positive and negative Q (quadraphase) signals
- VI positive and negative signals
- V2 positive and negative signals
- V3 positive and negative signals
- V4 positive and negative signals
- VI, V2, V3 and V4 signals are defined as:
- V3 sin ⁇ ,t - cos ⁇ t (3)
- Equations (1) through (4) give the sum and difference terms of the quadrature LO terms. It can be demonstrated that, even though phase error terms are introduced to Eq.'s (1) through (4), the unique properties of the modulator/demodulator architecture of the invention inherently corrects those errors, where the quadrature LO signals contain only phase errors. Thus, the amplitudes of the quadrature LO signals should be maintained substantially equal. This is achieved by means of limiting amplifiers which are part of the quadrature phase shift network circuitry, as shown in Fig. 4, explained below.
- VI, V2, V3 and V4 are sufficiently large in amplitude ( > 5V T ) to switch the upper differential pairs of the quadraphase multipliers on/off. Due to the limiting action of VI through V4 switching several V ⁇ , the Fourier series expansion can be used on the modulation (pairs VI, V2 and V3,V4) port and on the linear port signals (differential V j and VQ ) of the quadraphase multiplier, assuming that VI through V4 are large enough in amplitude to multiply the differential V j and V Q input signals by + 1 and -1 alternately.
- the collector currents of multiplier 21 and multiplier 22 are summed together to produce upper/lower sideband cancellation depending on the phasing (+/- 180°) of the output currents.
- the output of the quadraphase multiplier is
- VOUT K 3 [Vl(t)V I (t)] - K 4 [V3(t)V Q (t)j (5)
- V Q (t) Acos ⁇ m t (9)
- v OUT [ ⁇ (V4A n A)[cos(n ⁇ 1 t +45° - ⁇ m t) - cos(n ⁇ t +45° + ⁇ m t)] - ⁇ (V_A n A)[sin(n ⁇ 1 t -45° + ⁇ m t) + sin(n ⁇ ,t -45° - ⁇ m t)]] (12) Looking only at terms near ⁇ 1 (all other higher terms are filtered) yields
- VQUT V_KA 1 A[cos( ⁇ 1 t +45° - ⁇ m t) - cos( ⁇ jt +45° + ⁇ m t)
- Nou T 1 _KA 1 A[cos( ⁇ 1 t +45° - ⁇ m t) - cos( ⁇ ,t +45° + ⁇ m t)
- V ou ⁇ KA i A . cos ⁇ t - ⁇ m t +45°)] (17) which is the lower sideband term, ⁇ ⁇ t - ⁇ m t, as is desired and where
- Fig. 4 shows one form of circuit embodying the invention.
- the Gilbert cell multipliers 21, 22 and their outputs 45 correspond to the Fig. 3 circuit.
- I and IN correspond to +VI and -VI in Fig. 3.
- N and "/" represent the opposite phase signal, sometimes shown as a bar over the symbol.
- Q and QN correspond to +VQ and -VQ of Fig. 3.
- LO and LON correspond to the normal quadrature LO signals.
- the outputs at 45 are summed in a conventional summer 55, from whose output are obtained the desired signals OUT and OUTN. Used as a modulator, the output would be the quadrature LO signals modulated by the signals VI and VQ. Used as a demodulator, the output would be quadrature IF signals.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP95905219A EP0691057B1 (en) | 1994-01-25 | 1995-01-20 | I/q quadraphase modulator circuit |
KR1019950704051A KR100335713B1 (en) | 1994-01-25 | 1995-01-20 | I/Q quadraphase modulator circuit |
JP7519446A JPH08508632A (en) | 1994-01-25 | 1995-01-20 | I / Q quadrature modulator circuit |
DE69520983T DE69520983T2 (en) | 1994-01-25 | 1995-01-20 | CIRCUIT FOR I / Q SQUARE PHASE MODULATION |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US08/186,398 US5574755A (en) | 1994-01-25 | 1994-01-25 | I/Q quadraphase modulator circuit |
US08/186,398 | 1994-01-25 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1995020284A1 true WO1995020284A1 (en) | 1995-07-27 |
Family
ID=22684798
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/IB1995/000047 WO1995020284A1 (en) | 1994-01-25 | 1995-01-20 | I/q quadraphase modulator circuit |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5574755A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0691057B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPH08508632A (en) |
KR (1) | KR100335713B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN1083197C (en) |
DE (1) | DE69520983T2 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1995020284A1 (en) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0798849A1 (en) * | 1996-03-25 | 1997-10-01 | Motorola, Inc. | Circuit and method for correcting phase error in a multiplier circuit and quadrature generating circuit |
EP1137168A2 (en) * | 2000-03-24 | 2001-09-26 | Nokia Mobile Phones Ltd. | Method and mixer for forming an intermediate frequency signal |
FR2807896A1 (en) * | 2000-04-18 | 2001-10-19 | Koninkl Philips Electronics Nv | LOW NOISE FREQUENCY CONVERTER WITH HIGH IMAGE FREQUENCY REJECTION |
KR101487015B1 (en) * | 2013-04-19 | 2015-01-26 | 고려대학교 산학협력단 | Phase Shifter using Single Gilbert-Cell |
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GB2321352B (en) * | 1997-01-11 | 2001-04-04 | Plessey Semiconductors Ltd | Image reject mixer |
JPH10247952A (en) * | 1997-03-05 | 1998-09-14 | Fujitsu Ltd | Phase modulator |
US5847623A (en) * | 1997-09-08 | 1998-12-08 | Ericsson Inc. | Low noise Gilbert Multiplier Cells and quadrature modulators |
US5939916A (en) * | 1997-12-23 | 1999-08-17 | Northern Telecom Limited | Phase shifter suitable for clock recovery systems |
GB9807186D0 (en) | 1998-04-04 | 1998-06-03 | Marconi Gec Ltd | Display arrangements |
US7515896B1 (en) | 1998-10-21 | 2009-04-07 | Parkervision, Inc. | Method and system for down-converting an electromagnetic signal, and transforms for same, and aperture relationships |
US6061551A (en) | 1998-10-21 | 2000-05-09 | Parkervision, Inc. | Method and system for down-converting electromagnetic signals |
US6694128B1 (en) | 1998-08-18 | 2004-02-17 | Parkervision, Inc. | Frequency synthesizer using universal frequency translation technology |
US6061555A (en) | 1998-10-21 | 2000-05-09 | Parkervision, Inc. | Method and system for ensuring reception of a communications signal |
US6370371B1 (en) | 1998-10-21 | 2002-04-09 | Parkervision, Inc. | Applications of universal frequency translation |
US6542722B1 (en) | 1998-10-21 | 2003-04-01 | Parkervision, Inc. | Method and system for frequency up-conversion with variety of transmitter configurations |
US6813485B2 (en) | 1998-10-21 | 2004-11-02 | Parkervision, Inc. | Method and system for down-converting and up-converting an electromagnetic signal, and transforms for same |
US7039372B1 (en) | 1998-10-21 | 2006-05-02 | Parkervision, Inc. | Method and system for frequency up-conversion with modulation embodiments |
US6560301B1 (en) | 1998-10-21 | 2003-05-06 | Parkervision, Inc. | Integrated frequency translation and selectivity with a variety of filter embodiments |
US6049706A (en) | 1998-10-21 | 2000-04-11 | Parkervision, Inc. | Integrated frequency translation and selectivity |
US7236754B2 (en) | 1999-08-23 | 2007-06-26 | Parkervision, Inc. | Method and system for frequency up-conversion |
FI107656B (en) | 1998-10-30 | 2001-09-14 | Nokia Mobile Phones Ltd | Low pass filter in a transmitter and a mobile station |
US6397051B1 (en) | 1998-12-21 | 2002-05-28 | At&T Corporation | Dual image-reject mixer receiver for multiple channel reception and processing |
US6181199B1 (en) * | 1999-01-07 | 2001-01-30 | Ericsson Inc. | Power IQ modulation systems and methods |
US6704549B1 (en) | 1999-03-03 | 2004-03-09 | Parkvision, Inc. | Multi-mode, multi-band communication system |
US6704558B1 (en) | 1999-01-22 | 2004-03-09 | Parkervision, Inc. | Image-reject down-converter and embodiments thereof, such as the family radio service |
US6587678B1 (en) * | 1999-03-02 | 2003-07-01 | Skyworks Solutions, Inc. | Direct conversion receiver employing subharmonic frequency translator architecture and related preprocessor |
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US7693230B2 (en) | 1999-04-16 | 2010-04-06 | Parkervision, Inc. | Apparatus and method of differential IQ frequency up-conversion |
US7065162B1 (en) | 1999-04-16 | 2006-06-20 | Parkervision, Inc. | Method and system for down-converting an electromagnetic signal, and transforms for same |
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US8295406B1 (en) | 1999-08-04 | 2012-10-23 | Parkervision, Inc. | Universal platform module for a plurality of communication protocols |
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US7068987B2 (en) | 2000-10-02 | 2006-06-27 | Conexant, Inc. | Packet acquisition and channel tracking for a wireless communication device configured in a zero intermediate frequency architecture |
US7130599B2 (en) | 2000-11-03 | 2006-10-31 | Qualcomm Inc. | Quadrature generator with image reject mixer |
US7454453B2 (en) | 2000-11-14 | 2008-11-18 | Parkervision, Inc. | Methods, systems, and computer program products for parallel correlation and applications thereof |
US6433720B1 (en) | 2001-03-06 | 2002-08-13 | Furaxa, Inc. | Methods, apparatuses, and systems for sampling or pulse generation |
US6642878B2 (en) * | 2001-06-06 | 2003-11-04 | Furaxa, Inc. | Methods and apparatuses for multiple sampling and multiple pulse generation |
JP2003060441A (en) * | 2001-08-10 | 2003-02-28 | Toshiba Corp | Double balanced mixer circuit and orthogonal demodulator circuit using the same |
US7072427B2 (en) | 2001-11-09 | 2006-07-04 | Parkervision, Inc. | Method and apparatus for reducing DC offsets in a communication system |
US7460584B2 (en) | 2002-07-18 | 2008-12-02 | Parkervision, Inc. | Networking methods and systems |
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US6810242B2 (en) * | 2002-09-30 | 2004-10-26 | Skyworks Solutions, Inc. | Subharmonic mixer |
US6983024B2 (en) | 2003-03-18 | 2006-01-03 | Qualcomm Inc. | Quadra-polar modulator |
US6791371B1 (en) | 2003-03-27 | 2004-09-14 | Pericom Semiconductor Corp. | Power-down activated by differential-input multiplier and comparator |
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US20050035663A1 (en) * | 2003-07-31 | 2005-02-17 | Steven Moore | Electromagnetic pulse generator |
US20050024038A1 (en) * | 2003-07-31 | 2005-02-03 | John Santhoff | Sampling circuit apparatus and method |
US20050113045A1 (en) * | 2003-11-21 | 2005-05-26 | John Santhoff | Bridged ultra-wideband communication method and apparatus |
US7046618B2 (en) * | 2003-11-25 | 2006-05-16 | Pulse-Link, Inc. | Bridged ultra-wideband communication method and apparatus |
JP3902184B2 (en) * | 2004-02-24 | 2007-04-04 | 株式会社アドバンテスト | Quadrature modulation apparatus, method, program, and recording medium |
US7187917B2 (en) * | 2004-03-29 | 2007-03-06 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Current interpolation in multi-phase local oscillator for use with harmonic rejection mixer |
JP2005348208A (en) * | 2004-06-04 | 2005-12-15 | Sony Corp | Phase lock circuit |
US7376399B2 (en) * | 2004-06-30 | 2008-05-20 | Silicon Laboratories Inc. | Weighted mixing circuitry for quadrature processing in communication systems |
US8085868B2 (en) * | 2004-11-03 | 2011-12-27 | Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. | Phase modulating and combining circuit |
US7587187B2 (en) * | 2006-06-29 | 2009-09-08 | Itt Manufacturing Enterprises, Inc. | Ultra wide band, differential input/output, high frequency active mixer in an integrated circuit |
US8319569B2 (en) | 2008-10-07 | 2012-11-27 | Advantest Corporation | Quadrature amplitude modulator and quadrature amplitude modulation method |
US8531209B2 (en) * | 2009-01-16 | 2013-09-10 | Tektronix, Inc. | Multifunction word recognizer element |
US8965290B2 (en) * | 2012-03-29 | 2015-02-24 | General Electric Company | Amplitude enhanced frequency modulation |
US9479142B1 (en) * | 2015-02-25 | 2016-10-25 | Linear Technology Corporation | Phase error compensation circuit |
JP2016167781A (en) * | 2015-03-10 | 2016-09-15 | 富士通株式会社 | Radio communication device and method of controlling radio communication device |
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US4766400A (en) * | 1986-12-19 | 1988-08-23 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Variable-transconductance four-quadrant Gilbert-type modulator with feedback circuitry in improved NMR transmission |
US5355101A (en) * | 1991-11-08 | 1994-10-11 | Nec Corporation | Quadrature modulator having circuit for correcting phase error |
US5387883A (en) * | 1992-05-20 | 1995-02-07 | Nec Corporation | Quadrature modulator having controlled phase shifter |
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-
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- 1994-01-25 US US08/186,398 patent/US5574755A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1995
- 1995-01-20 CN CN95190187A patent/CN1083197C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-01-20 WO PCT/IB1995/000047 patent/WO1995020284A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1995-01-20 EP EP95905219A patent/EP0691057B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-01-20 DE DE69520983T patent/DE69520983T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-01-20 KR KR1019950704051A patent/KR100335713B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-01-20 JP JP7519446A patent/JPH08508632A/en active Pending
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US4766400A (en) * | 1986-12-19 | 1988-08-23 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Variable-transconductance four-quadrant Gilbert-type modulator with feedback circuitry in improved NMR transmission |
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Cited By (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0798849A1 (en) * | 1996-03-25 | 1997-10-01 | Motorola, Inc. | Circuit and method for correcting phase error in a multiplier circuit and quadrature generating circuit |
EP1137168A2 (en) * | 2000-03-24 | 2001-09-26 | Nokia Mobile Phones Ltd. | Method and mixer for forming an intermediate frequency signal |
EP1137168A3 (en) * | 2000-03-24 | 2003-10-15 | Nokia Corporation | Method and mixer for forming an intermediate frequency signal |
US7151919B2 (en) | 2000-03-24 | 2006-12-19 | Nokia Corporation | Method for forming an intermediate frequency signal in a mixer, and a mixer |
FR2807896A1 (en) * | 2000-04-18 | 2001-10-19 | Koninkl Philips Electronics Nv | LOW NOISE FREQUENCY CONVERTER WITH HIGH IMAGE FREQUENCY REJECTION |
EP1148631A1 (en) * | 2000-04-18 | 2001-10-24 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Frequency translator with image frequency signal suppression |
JP2001358537A (en) * | 2000-04-18 | 2001-12-26 | Koninkl Philips Electronics Nv | Low noise frequency converter eliminating image frequency firmly |
US6819913B2 (en) | 2000-04-18 | 2004-11-16 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Low-noise frequency converter with strong rejection of image frequency |
KR101487015B1 (en) * | 2013-04-19 | 2015-01-26 | 고려대학교 산학협력단 | Phase Shifter using Single Gilbert-Cell |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
KR100335713B1 (en) | 2002-11-13 |
EP0691057B1 (en) | 2001-05-23 |
DE69520983T2 (en) | 2002-01-10 |
JPH08508632A (en) | 1996-09-10 |
KR960701546A (en) | 1996-02-24 |
US5574755A (en) | 1996-11-12 |
EP0691057A1 (en) | 1996-01-10 |
CN1124554A (en) | 1996-06-12 |
DE69520983D1 (en) | 2001-06-28 |
CN1083197C (en) | 2002-04-17 |
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