WO1996002794A1

WO1996002794A1 - Lamp, especially a paraffin lamp

Info

Publication number: WO1996002794A1
Application number: PCT/EP1995/002792
Authority: WO
Inventors: Hans-Ludwig Schirneker
Original assignee: Schirnecker Hans Ludwig
Priority date: 1994-07-16
Filing date: 1995-07-17
Publication date: 1996-02-01
Also published as: EP0771403A1; EP0771403B1; AU3112295A; ATE176721T1; DE59505096D1

Abstract

The invention relates to a paraffin lamp (1) with a shell-like container (2) in which a non-combustible wick (3) is centrically arranged. The wick (3) is held in an upright body (4) which may surround a cylindrical or cylinder-like non-combustible sheath (5) permeable to meltable fuel (W). Fuel (W) in the container (2) can be taken in the molten state through the upright body (4) to the wick (3). The upright body (4) is made of thin-walled metal and surrounds the wick (3) on all sides in contact, leaving a narrow inlet passage (F1). The metal upright body (4) causes the fuel (W) to heat up rapidly so that it melts quickly and continuous soaking or wetting of the wick (3) with fuel (W) is ensured.

Description

Luminaire, in particular paraffin lamp

The invention relates to a lamp, in particular a paraffin lamp, with a shell-like container, in which a non-flammable wick is arranged in the center, which is held in a riser, receives heat of fusion through the fuel filled in the container and the melt flows to the wick.

A lamp of the type mentioned is described in DE 34 03 604 AI. The wick, which consists of a cotton thread, is arranged in a vertically oriented tube which is permeable to liquid fuel. An absorbent body surrounding the wick is provided within the tube which is used to draw in the liquefied fuel, e.g. Wax, serves. The tube surrounding the wick prevents the flame from dropping as the fuel level drops. The tube cannot prevent the wick from burning with the candle, which is why the wick is not recyclable. Once this known candle has gone out, it cannot be ignited again when the wax has solidified, since there is not enough wax in the burning area of the wick to feed the flame until the wax surrounding the tube has softened and can be fed to the wick.

The object of the invention is to disclose a luminaire, the flame of which does not drop as the fuel level falls, and which enables effortless ignition even when the wick and solidified wax are burnt out. The object is achieved in that the riser consists of thin-walled metal and touches the wick, which protrudes on the flame side, touching all sides while leaving a narrow inflow gap.

Advantageous refinements are specified in the subclaims.

The design of the rising body made of thin-walled metal quickly heats the wax solidified in the casing and liquefies it. The metal riser and a surrounding sheath conduct the combustion heat quickly and directly into the fuel, e.g. Wax, keep going. Molten wax is fed into the wick through the narrow inflow gap in a capillary fashion.

In a first advantageous embodiment, the rising body is a spiral-shaped winding made of thin metallic two-layer corrugated film composite material with vertical cavities. The corrugated film composite material consists of a first, inner foil layer made of a corrugated metal foil and a second, outer foil layer made of a flat metal foil. The vertical cavities are each formed by the shafts and are therefore bounded by the first, inner foil layer and the second, outer foil layer. The wick is kept wrapped in the spiral center.

The two layers of film, i.e. the plane and the corrugated metal foil are advantageously glued together like corrugated cardboard before the spiral winding. Rolled together by the metal foils glued together, several cannula-like wax suction tubes are formed, in which the liquefied wax rises up in a capillary-like manner as a supply for renewed ignition. In addition, the wax can pass between the loosely lying spiral turns to the wick.

The spiral winding of the riser allows the heat to spread slowly when the flame is restarted. The The wax aspirating tubes that hold the wick directly are heated first and already convey new fuel to the wick. With a longer burning time, the wax gradually melts in the more distant wax suction tube until the entire riser contains liquid wax. According to the evaporation, wax is absorbed by the capillary effect, so that there is always a constant wax level in the riser and uniform combustion is guaranteed.

A casing height is advantageously 8 mm to 20 mm, preferably 16 mm, and is greater than a riser body height, which is 4 mm to 15 mm, preferably 8 mm. A wick height corresponds at least to the height of the casing.

The sleeve advantageously has an inner diameter between 14 mm and 24 mm, preferably 17 mm. On the top and bottom, the casing has an annular collar, the diameter of which is 16 mm to 30 mm, preferably 22 mm.

The wick advantageously protrudes from the riser body in order to develop a corresponding wicking effect. The flame height corresponds to the wick height and can be determined in this way.

Supply air openings which promote the supply of oxygen are preferably left in the casing in the edge not enveloping the riser.

The casing is advantageously arranged with the riser on a glass fiber film that covers a container base and allows fuel to pass through. Arranged on this glass fiber film, which functions as a "sponge", is a heat-conducting film made of metal, which is provided with through-holes and which makes heat-conducting contact with the casing and with the fuel filled into the container.

The heat-conducting film transfers the heat absorbed to the glass-fiber film soaked with solidified wax and to the fuel contained in the container, thereby ensuring a continuous wax after-flow. Through the flow holes Glass fiber film each supplied new liquid fuel, which is then sucked from the riser from the glass fiber film and fed to the flame.

The bottom of the container and the glass fiber film are advantageously circular. The heat-conducting film is in the form of a ring, leaving a riser base in which the riser stands on the glass fiber film. By leaving a rising body footprint, the direct contact of the rising body with the glass fiber film and thus an optimal suction effect is guaranteed.

A holding or clamp plate is advantageously arranged in the bottom of the container, onto which the sheath can be plugged, as a result of which the riser is held firmly even when the fuel is completely melted.

In a first embodiment, the container is a flat iron bowl, the diameter of which is 6 cm to 12 cm, preferably 8 cm. Iron is a good heat conductor, so that the fuel can melt quickly after a relatively short burning time. The iron bowl can advantageously be closed with a lid with a flame opening, preferably a toroidal section-shaped ring lid, with the lid ensuring a slight cooling of the container and the space via the fuel.

Due to the good heat distribution in the container, very inexpensive paraffin granules can be melted in it and the container chosen so large that, despite the low bulk density of the granules, three times the filling weight of a tea light can be introduced, so that it is sufficient for a considerably longer burning time. than is usually achieved with a tealight insert. Even larger quantities of paraffin can be introduced in the form of pressed rings, which gradually melt without drenching the wick.

By using a toroidal ring cover a quicker Melting process is supported by the fact that the heat is accumulated in the upper area and the centrally flowing, colder supply air does not brush the lid and does not cool down.

A wind trap, preferably a glass cylinder, is advantageously plugged onto the lid and protects the flame from wind influences.

The iron shell can preferably be placed on a stand with a carrier plate and a holding magnet. The magnet ensures a firm hold of the iron bowl on the stand.

In a second embodiment, the cup-like container is a plastic shell, the diameter of which is 6 cm to 10 cm, preferably 10 cm, and the height of which is 15 mm to 25 mm, preferably 19 mm.

By using plastic, the container is thermally insulated, so that an even larger amount of fuel can be accommodated and melted in it than in the metal vessel. The plastic shell can advantageously be closed with a metal lid with a central flame opening.

The lid is preferably double-walled, it being possible to place fragrance films between the double walls. The paraffin lamp can be used as a fragrance lamp due to the introduction of fragrance foils.

In an advantageous embodiment variant, a wax crucible made of metal is pivotably arranged on the container. A c-shaped retaining bracket is rigidly arranged at one end of the container and has a bearing bush at the other end. The bearing bush is aligned vertically via an inlet opening left in the container. A swivel plug bearing journal of the wax crucible is inserted into the bearing bush. This pivot pin bearing is hollow as a drain pipe. The wax melting crucible is arranged eccentrically on the swivel plug-in journal so that in the melting position The heat-absorbing surface of the wax crucible is aligned vertically above the wick and the heat-absorbing surface is pivoted from the wick in a hardening position.

The drain pipe is aligned in every swivel-rotary position of the wax crucible above the inlet opening.

The crucible is e.g. for cleaning, removable from the bracket.

This design with a wax crucible offers the user the option of additional fuel that cannot be placed in the container, e.g. soiled wax residues to fill in the crucible and use it. When the wax level in the container drops, the wax crucible can be pivoted over the wick, and consequently the flame, and the wax contained in the crucible melts and drips through the drain pipe and the inlet opening into the container. If the refill is sufficient, the crucible is swiveled and the wax contained in it cures.

In the wax crucible, a glass fiber filter is inserted in front of the drain pipe, which filters out residues from the fuel and thus prevents the drain pipe and especially the capillaries and joints of the riser from becoming blocked.

In a second advantageous embodiment of the riser body, it is designed as a cannula in which the wick is held on the flame side. The cannula is expanded in a ring shape on the flame side and on the ratio bottom side and has a slit-like vertical wax inflow joint.

The riser is advantageously made of copper or brass with a wall thickness of 0.15 m to 0.2 mm and has a height of 13 mm to 20 mm, preferably 16 mm. It can be turned from solid material, produced by flow deformation or bent and folded from a die cut. The can also Shape the second heat distribution plate close to the floor.

The cannula is advantageously adapted to the wick diameter in a loose fit. The flame and bottom annular extensions have a diameter of 8 mm to 16 mm, preferably 12 mm. The upper ring preferably has a flat funnel-shaped inclination of 20 °. The wax feed joint is advantageously formed over the entire length of the cannula and at least one of the extensions. The extension of the cannula on the bottom advantageously extends to the sheath if one is provided, which is recommended for large containers.

Preferably, at least one heat conducting ring made of thin metal is arranged around the bottom of the cannula, which promotes rapid heating of even a remainder of the fuel.

The rising body with the cannula allows for quick heating and melting of the fuel in the upper area of the wick and progressively into the depth after lighting. The molten fuel enters the cannula through the wax inlet joint and is fed capillary to the flame. The flame and base extensions advantageously increase the heat exchange area and thus accelerate the melting process.

The rising body with the cannula can advantageously be made so long that it can be used in ordinary tea light containers. With the corresponding small dimensions of the container, no further sleeve for heat conduction is required. The fuel can be used in the form of annular compacts which have a central recess from below into which the cannula with the upper extension ring fits. A small excess of wax, the narrower zantral bore of which allows the wick to pass through, which is slightly flared upwards, ensures that fuel is supplied after the first lighting after refitting the lamp with fuel. A further advantageous embodiment of the riser body with the wick provides simple manufacture and avoids clogging of the wick capillary spaces when the lamp is frequently refilled. For this purpose, the cannula carries an approximately 10 mm to 15 mm high funnel attachment which projects so far beyond the wick that in each case with a full fuel supply the flame extends with its lower end up to or somewhat into the funnel attachment, and in the funnel attachment are at the bottom In the area close to the wick, funnel openings are arranged which, in the case of residual fuel combustion, are just sufficient for supplying air with a small residual flame burning in the funnel attachment and the wick annealing caused thereby.

The heat-conducting plate, which is arranged at a slight distance above the bottom of the container, holds the riser and transfers the heat absorbed to the fuel contained in the container, thereby ensuring a continuous wax afterflow.

The heat-conducting plate arranged in the bottom of the container is advantageously designed as a holding plate, onto which the riser body can be plugged, as a result of which the riser body is firmly held even when the fuel is completely melted. In another embodiment, the riser is firmly connected to the heat-conducting plate via bent-out cabinet brackets.

In a first embodiment, the container is a flat iron bowl, the diameter of which is 6 cm to 12 cm, preferably 9 cm. To extinguish the flame, a sealing cap is preferably provided which prevents wax vapor from escaping, in particular when the wick is annealed.

In a second embodiment, the cup-like container is a plastic shell, the diameter of which is 65 cm to 9 cm, preferably 7 cm, and the height of which is 15 mm to 25 mm, preferably 19 mm.

The rising body is a cannula made of vertical segments formed in which the wick is held on the flame side protruding. The cannula is flared on the flame side and has a slit-like vertical wax inflow joint. The riser is advantageously made of aluminum, copper or brass with a wall thickness of 0.15 mm to 0.25 mm and has a height of 13 mm to 20 mm, preferably 16 mm. It is advantageously made from a pipe section or a punch cut by bending and folding.

The inside of the cannula is advantageously adapted to the wick diameter in a loose fit. The top of the funnel has a diameter of 10 mm to 18 mm, preferably 15 mm. The funnel cone preferably has a cone angle of 60 to 120 °. The wax inflow joint is formed over the entire length of the cannula and preferably continues as the air inlet opening in the funnel attachment.

The wick is made of quartz glass fiber or a similar heat-resistant fiber material so that it can survive many fillings unimpaired, and is either stabilized against fraying by braiding or surrounded with a metallic holding spiral, which preferably has a horizontal end turn at the top, so that it is sensitive Quartz glass fiber material is not destroyed when touched.

When the wick is burnt empty, the remaining flame dips further and further into the funnel attachment. In the end, the wick begins to glow, so that the cracking residues, which occur during the evaporation and gasification of the fuel and are deposited around the wick in the lower funnel area, burn up completely, which frees up the capillary wick spaces.

The invention is explained below with reference to the darts in FIGS. 1 to 15: Fig. 1 shows a cross section of the paraffin lamp with an iron bowl;

Fig. 2 shows a plan view of the casing with the riser made of corrugated film composite material;

Fig. 3 shows a cross section of the casing with the riser made of corrugated film composite material;

Fig. 4 shows a cross section of the paraffin lamp with a plastic shell;

Fig. 5 shows a cross section of the paraffin lamp with wax crucible;

Fig. 6 shows a cross section of the riser with

Cannula; Fig. 7 shows a blank of a cannula before folding.

Fig. 8 shows a cross section of the lamp in a first embodiment with a funnel approach to the riser

FIG. 9 shows a side view of the climbing body from FIG. 8

FIG. 10 shows a top view without the riser to FIG. 8

11 shows a cross section of the paraffin lamp in a second embodiment with a funnel attachment;

FIG. 12 shows a top view with a riser blank for FIG. 11;

13 shows a cross section of a lamp in the third embodiment with a funnel attachment;

FIG. 14 shows a plan view of the heat-conducting plate with the riser enlarged to FIG. 13;

FIG. 15 shows a cut of the riser to FIG. 13.

Figure 1 shows a cross section of the paraffin lamp (1) with an iron bowl (2). An incombustible wick (3) is arranged in the center of the iron bowl (2), which is in a riser

The riser body is immersed in fusible fuel (W) and enveloped by a cylindrical, non-flammable casing (5). that arise from the corrugated structure of the one film. Between the individual winding paths, a narrow inflow joint (Fl) extends spirally from the sheath (5) to the wick (3). The wick (3) is kept wrapped in the spiral center.

Fuel (W) filled into the iron bowl (2) is melted through the riser (4, 4A) and fed to the wick (3) by flowing the liquid fuel into the vertical cavities (6C) and capillary-like through the inflow joint (Fl) to the wick (3) is sucked.

A glass fiber film (9) covering this is spread out on the container bottom (8). A heat-conducting foil (11) made of metal is provided on the glass fiber foil (9) and provides contact with the casing (5) and fuel (W) filled in the iron shell (2) in a heat-conducting manner. The case

(5) is arranged and formed with the riser (4) on the glass fiber film (9) to pass fuel.

The container bottom (8) and the glass fiber film (9) are circular in this embodiment. The heat-conducting film (11) is designed in a circular shape, leaving a rising body standing surface in which the rising body (4) rests on the glass fiber film (9).

The flame is fed by the liquefied fuel (W). This liquefied fuel (W) is sucked up by the vertical cavities (6C) from the glass fiber film (9), which is saturated with liquid fuel (W). The heat-conducting film (11) ensures that in the area of Glass fiber film (9) quickly reaches a required melting temperature of the fuel (W) and is maintained, so that a continuous afterflow of fuel takes place.

A holding or clamping plate (13) is arranged on the iron shell bottom side, onto which the sheath (5) can be attached. The iron bowl (2) is flat and has a diameter of 6 cm to 12 cm, preferably 8 cm. The iron shell (2) can be closed with a lid (14) with a flame opening (15), in this illustration with a toroidal section-shaped ring lid (14). A glass cylinder (17) is placed on the ring cover (14), including the flame opening (15), as a windscreen.

The iron shell (2) is arranged on a stand (18) with a carrier plate (20) and held thereon by a holding magnet (19). In the iron bowl (2) there is fuel (W) in granular form, but also residues, e.g. Candle remains, fillable. The iron bowl (2) is quickly heated by the design according to the invention.

The flame receives oxygen through the central opening (15) in the ring cover (14) and the supply air openings (7) in the casing (5), which are left in the area in which they do not surround the riser (4).

When the fuel level drops, the flame is constantly fed with liquid fuel (W), since in the vertical cavities (6C) the liquid fuel (W) is sucked capillary-like to the wick (3). When the flame goes out, the fuel (W) hardens quickly in the vertical cavities (6C), so that sufficient fuel (W) is available when the flame is re-ignited.

Figure 2 shows a plan view of the casing (5) with the riser (4) made of corrugated film composite material (6). The rising body (4) consists of metallic, spirally wound two-layer corrugated film composite material (6) with vertical cavities (6C). The riser (4) is from the Envelope (5) wrapped. The corrugated foil composite material (6) consists of a first, inner foil layer (6A) made of a corrugated metal foil and a second, outer foil layer (6B) made of a flat metal foil. The foil layers (6A, 6B) are advantageously glued together. The vertical cavities (6C), which are used for the capillary-like fuel supply, are each formed by the first, undulating film layer (6A) on the inside and delimited by the second, outside film layer (6B). The wick (3) is kept wrapped in the spiral center.

The spiral arrangement of the vertical cavities (6C) enables a controlled and continuously spreading heat distribution in the riser (4). This heat is released into the entire container via the invisible metal foil on the bottom. Between the individual winding aisles there is a narrow inflow gap (Fl) through which liquid fuel can be transported.

Figure 3 shows a cross section of the casing (5) with riser (4) made of corrugated film composite material (6). The sleeve (5) has an inner diameter (SI) between 14 mm and 24 mm, preferably 17 mm and an annular collar (12, 12A) on the top and bottom sides, the diameter (KD) of which is 16 mm to 30 mm, preferably 22 mm . This riser can also be designed to fit conventional tea light containers and be used there.

A riser sleeve height (HH) of the casing (5) is 8 mm to 20 mm, preferably 16 mm and is greater than a riser body height (KH) of the riser body (4), which is 4 mm to 15 mm, preferably 8 mm. A wick height (DH) of the wick (3) corresponds at least to the sheath height (HH), supply air openings (7) being left in the sheath (5) in the region in which the latter does not sheath the riser (4). The height of the flame corresponds to the wick height (DH). The wick height (DH) can be set variably. The flame is fed by the liquefied fuel. This liquefied fuel is used by the vertical cavities (6C) from the invisible glass fiber foil, which is saturated with liquid fuel.

Figure 4 shows a cross section of the paraffin lamp (1A) with a plastic shell (2A). In this embodiment, the cup-like container (2A) is a plastic shell (2A), the diameter of which is 6 cm to 10 cm, preferably 10 cm, and the height of which is 15 mm to 25 mm, preferably 19 mm.

The sleeve (5) with the riser (4) and the inner wick (3) is arranged in the center of the plastic shell (2A). The plastic shell (2A) is closed by a cover (14A) of a flame opening (15). The cover (14A) is double-walled. Air-permeable fragrance films (21) are introduced into the double wall and fragrance outlet openings (40) are let in. When the scent films (21) are heated, a corresponding scent aroma is released from the scent outlet openings (40).

The plastic shell (2A) has a distance (A) from the cover (14A) which is greater than the height of the riser (KH). In particular, a reserve space for fuel (W) is created on the edge, which e.g. in the case of granulate loading, the granulate (G), as indicated by dashed lines on one side, can be accumulated on the edge. In the case of a paraffin disc assembly, the space can be used up to the full height (H), with a central bore that is larger than the upper diameter of the rising cylinder (5) being provided in the fuel discs.

By designing the container (2A) made of plastic, less heat loss is achieved. Sections in the plastic container (2A) which are heated last can be defined by appropriate cuts of the heat-conducting foils which are not visible here. Figure 5 shows a cross section of the paraffin lamp (1B) with a wax crucible (22). A wax melting crucible (22) made of metal is arranged on the container (2B) via a pivoting arrangement (23A, 23B, 23C) so as to be able to pivot to and away from the flame. The swivel arrangement (23A, 23B, 23C) consists of a c-shaped holding bracket (23A), which is rigidly arranged at one end on the container (2B), a bearing bush (23B) arranged at the other end, and one arranged on the wax crucible (22) Swivel plug-in journal (23C). The bearing bush (23B) is aligned vertically via an inlet opening (26) embedded in the container lid (14B). The swivel plug-in bearing journal (23C) of the wax melting crucible (22), which is hollow as a drain pipe (23C), is inserted in the bearing bush (23B). The wax melting pot (22) is arranged eccentrically on the swivel plug-in journal (23C).

In the melting position of the wax crucible (22) shown, the heat absorption surface (24) of the wax crucible (22) is oriented vertically above the wick (3).

The wax crucible (22) is heated by the flame and the fuel (W) contained therein is melted. The molten fuel (W) drips, as shown, into the container (2B) and is fed to the wick (3) via the riser (4).

If there is sufficient fuel (W) in the container, the wax crucible (22) is pivoted into a curing position in which the heat absorption surface (24) is pivoted by the wick (3). The drain pipe (23C) is aligned in every swivel position of the wax crucible (22) over the inlet opening (26). In the hardening position, the fuel (W) contained in the wax crucible (22) hardens, so that the flow into the container (2B) is quickly stopped. The wax melting pot (22) preferably has a volume which corresponds to the volume in the container (2B) up to the upper edge of the Rising body (4) corresponds.

If the liquid fuel (W) contained in the container (2B) exceeds the riser edge, the flame height becomes lower, whereby the container is prevented from overflowing in a self-regulating manner with a correspondingly reduced melt inflow.

The swivel / plug-in journal (23C) of the wax crucible (22) can be pulled out of the bearing bush (23B). With this design, the wax crucible (22) can be easily removed from the container (2B) and e.g. to clean. A glass fiber filter (27) is inserted in the wax crucible (22) in front of the drain pipe (23C) in order to prevent blockages in the drain pipe (23C) and contamination of the capillaries of the riser. The wax melting pot (22) can be loaded with granules, but also with the remains of candles.

FIG. 6 shows a cross section of the rising body (4A) with a cannula (28) and an associated tealight paraffin compact (P) arranged in a tealight container (TB). The metal riser (4A) is designed as a cannula (28). In the cannula (28) the wick (3) is held on the flame side. The cannula (28) is in the form of a ring on the flame side and on the base of the ratio base, preferably flared at the top and has a slit-like vertical wax inflow joint (F2), of which a side edge is visible. The riser (4A) is made of copper or brass with a wall thickness (WS) of 0.15 mm to 0.2 mm and has a height (H) of 13 mm to 20 mm, preferably 16 mm. The cannula (28) has an inner diameter (ID) of 1 mm to 5 mm, preferably 2.5 mm, corresponding to the wick diameter in a loose fit.

The flame and / or bottom-side annular extension (30A, 30B) has a diameter (D) of 8 mm to 16 mm, preferably 9 to 12 mm. The wax inflow joint (F2) is formed over the entire length of the cannula (28) and the bottom extension (30B), the bottom extension (30B) up to the Envelope (5) is enough. A metal disk ring (31) is arranged on the cannula (28), enclosing it, slightly spaced at the bottom. The base extension (30B) and the metal disc ring (31) serve as an enlarged heat exchange surface. The flame-side extension (30A) serves as a heat exchange surface, which absorbs radiant heat and feeds the wax in the vicinity of the wick to the cannula (28), especially early on after the flame is lit. The liquefied fuel flows through the wax inflow joint (F2) into the cannula (28) and rises through the wick. In addition, the fuel in the cannula (28) is fed capillary-like to the wick (3) and the flame.

The cannula (28) has the advantage that the heat absorbed by the upper ring (30A) is conducted directly into the wick zone, as a result of which the fuel gas is heated particularly strongly in the lower region of the combustion zone, which results in more complete combustion than usual. The one-piece design of the cannula with the plate-shaped or ring-shaped extensions (30A, 30B) on the outside and its thin walls are of crucial importance for the early and sustainable defrosting function.

If the riser body with the cannula (28) is inserted in a tea light, a paraffin pellet (P) is used for the fuel feed, which has a central bore from below which is slightly larger than the diameter of the upper expansion ring ( 30A) and a little lower than the cannula (28) with the extensions (30A, 30B) so that it can stand freely in it, above this is an approximately 3 mm high paraffin protrusion (PA), which has a hole for the wick penetration in the middle and is sunk in a funnel shape from above. This paraffin supernatant

(PA) of a few millimeters in height is the flame food immediately after lighting. It passed through the funnel shape of the upper extension (30A) to the wick.

FIG. 7 shows a punch cut from thin sheet metal, which is embossed by an embossing process in the region of the two cannula halves (28C, 28D) is formed semi-cylindrical and is then folded back and forth along the dashed or dash-dotted lines, so that when fully folded, the two extensions (30A1, 30A2; 30B1, 30B2) complement each other from the halves. A further heat-conducting plate (31A) is also integrally formed on the bottom, which also serves for heat distribution and also for attachment to the non-woven plate and for the capillary supply of the last wax residue. In the upper area of the cannula halves (28C, 28D), cabinet clips (S) are formed, which hold the cannula together by clasping. The heat-conducting plate (31A) has cupboard flaps (SI) in the central opening, which give the fastening in the fleece a hold.

FIG. 8 shows a cross section of the paraffin candlestick in a first embodiment with an iron bowl (2C). An incombustible wick (3C), which is held in a riser (4C), is arranged in the iron shell. The rising body is immersed in fusible fuel (W).

A heat-conducting plate (11) made of thin sheet metal is provided at a slight distance from the container bottom (8) and has contact with the riser (4C) and fuel (W) filled in the iron bowl (2C) in a heat-conducting manner. The riser (4C) is held in place on the heat-conducting plate (11) by means of holding tabs (5C) bent up from openings (5C1).

The container bottom (8) is circular in this embodiment. The heat-conducting plate (11) is essentially circular and is supported with lateral support webs (HZ) on the container (2C) near the edge of the inwardly curved edge.

The heat-conducting plate (11) is designed as a holding plate in that angled receiving tabs (5C) for receiving ribs (41) formed on the riser (4C) are set up from the openings (5C1). The heat-conducting plate (11) is provided with small, foot-like spacing embossings (HP) that are bent downwards. provided so that a fuel supply gap to the tank bottom (8) remains and the heat which is conducted down does not pass directly into the metal bottom but only enough fuel is melted after burning. Alternatively, a thermal insulation fleece between the heat conducting plate and the container bottom can also serve as a spacer and fuel transporter.

The iron bowl (2C) is flat and has a diameter of 6 cm to 12 cm, preferably 9 cm. The iron shell (20) can be closed with a lid (14) with a flame opening (15), in this illustration with a toroidal section-shaped ring lid (14).

When the fuel level drops, the flame is constantly fed with liquid fuel (W), since the liquid fuel (W) is drawn into the wick (3C). After the flame has been extinguished, the fuel (W) hardens quickly, so that sufficient fuel (W) is available in the wick (3C) when the flame is re-ignited.

Details of the design of the riser (4C) can be seen in Figure 9. A tube section of approx. 15 mm diameter is pressed together from three sides in the lower area to form three wing-like supporting ribs (41), the cannula (28) in which the wick (3C) is held being formed in the lower section of about 5 mm height is. The funnel attachment (7C) is formed between the three ribs (41) above the cannula (28). In the lower area, the supply air openings (8C) with a diameter of approximately 1 to 1.5 mm are punched or cut free and pressed in or drilled. The inflow gap (FC) for the fuel is in each case formed in the support ribs (41), which are each compressed to this gap.

The wick (3C) is made of quartz glass fiber and surrounded with a wire helix (3H) made of high-temperature-resistant material with larger turns than the wire diameter and has a horizontal end turn (3W) to protect the wick. Figure 10 shows a plan view of the container (2C) in which the heat-conducting plate (11) is arranged. The three spacing embossments (IIP) ensure a floor clearance, and the three centering brackets (HZ) form a hold to the upper area of the container. Holding tabs (5C) are formed vertically upright from the heat-conducting plate (11), in that the material is bent out of openings (5C1). The retaining tabs (5C) are embossed in a wedge shape so that they form suitable receptacles for the support ribs of the riser (4C).

Figure 11 shows a cross section of the Para fin light in a second embodiment. In this embodiment, the cup-like container (2D) is a metal or plastic shell, the diameter of which is 5 to 10 cm, preferably 7 cm, and the height of which is 15 to 25 mm, preferably 19 mm. At the bottom of the container (2C) there is a heat-conducting plate (11), which is supported on the top by centering tabs (HZ) on the edge of the container (2D) and on the other hand is held at a slightly spaced distance from the container bottom by an arched container ring bead (2R). The riser (4D), which is formed from a sheet metal blank with a central ring (7R) and radial shoulders by stamping and folding, is arranged in the middle on the heat-conducting base (11). For this purpose, a cannula section (28) is formed in the center of the riser body (4D) at the bottom, which is formed from sheet metal segments (7S) with gaps in between. The sheet metal segments are spread apart on the heat-conducting plate (11) to form holding tabs (40D) and are fixed there with cut-out holding tabs (5D). The middle area of the riser (4D) represents the funnel attachment (7D) and is formed from a ring area, which is followed by wide tabs (7F) bent upwards with gaps in between. The supply air openings (8D) of the funnel (7D) are left in the area of the transition from the cannula segments to the conical area. The wick (3D) has a tubular jacket braided from quartz glass fiber and an absorbent Quartz glass fiber core.

Figure 12 shows the shell (2D) in top view and the heat-conducting plate (11) fixed therein with the centering tabs (HZ). The unfolded sheet metal blank from which the riser (4D) is made is drawn in the middle of the shell. The funnel area is formed from the ring zone (7R) and continues upwards with the wide extensions (7F). The narrow strips (7S) are bent down on the side past the funnel and brought together to form the segments of the cannula. The end sections are bent and spread out on the heat-conducting plate (11) and fixed there by cabinet brackets (5D) punched out of punchings (5D1).

Figure 13 shows a cross section of a third embodiment of the lamp. The shell (2E) has a height up to the lid which is greater than the height of the riser body. A reserve space for fuel (W) is thus created in particular at the edge. If a paraffin disc (P) is fitted, the space can be used up to its full height, with a central bore that is larger than the upper diameter of the funnel attachment (7E) being provided in the fuel disc (P). A paraffin protrusion (PAl) protrudes into the funnel attachment (7E).

The thickness of the paraffin disc (P) is less than the height of the riser, so that refilling can be carried out before the container is completely empty. Burning is only necessary every now and then, so that the wick is burned free of residues.

Instead of in a bowl of the wide and laterally curved shape shown, the riser and a correspondingly dimensioned paraffin ring body can also be in a tealight housing with a cylindrical shape and common dimensions of z. B. 38 mm diameter and 19 mm height. The riser (4E) has a cannula (28) which is folded up from three segments. It is arranged in a tealight-like container (2E). The metal riser (4E) is formed from a sheet metal blank, Fig. 8. In the cannula (28), the wick (3E) is held on the flame side. The cannula (28) is flared on the flame side from an annular area. Slit-like vertical wax inflow joints (FE) are left between the cannula segments, one side edge of which is visible. These joints (FE) extend into the bottom area of the funnel attachment (7E) and are expanded there as funnel openings (8E) for supplying the residual flame (FR), shown in broken lines. The riser (4E) is made of copper or brass with a wall thickness (WS) of 0.15 mm to 0.25 mm and has a height of 13 mm to 20 mm, preferably 16 mm. The cannula (28) has an inside diameter of 1 mm to 5 mm, preferably 2.5 mm, which corresponds to the wick diameter in a loose fit.

The flame-side funnel attachment (7E) serves as a heat exchange surface, which absorbs radiant heat and feeds the wax in the vicinity of the wick to the cannula (28), especially early on after the flame is ignited. The liquefied fuel flows through the wax inflow joint (FE) into the cannula (28) and rises through the wick. In addition, the fuel in the cannula (28) is fed into the wick (3E) and the flame in a capillary fashion. The wick consists of a braided quartz glass fiber jacket with an absorbent quartz glass fiber core.

FIG. 14 shows a plan view in an enlarged representation of the heat-conducting plate (11), which are held at a distance from the floor by means of shapes (HP). The riser (4E) is fastened in the center by being held in the bottom-side openings (5E1) of the heat-conducting plate (11) with cabinet clips (40E). The area of the cannula (28E) is composed of three cannula segments, onto which lateral support webs (41E) are folded and from which the cabinet brackets (40E) extend at an angle on the bottom. Small inflow joints (FE) are left between the cannula segments (28E).

Figure 15 shows a punch cut from thin sheet metal, which is deformed by an embossing process in the area of the three cannula segments (28K) and the funnel attachment (7E) and is then folded back and forth along the dashed or dash-dotted lines, so that the finished folded Intermediate sections (28Z) lie on the outside of the funnel attachment (7E) and the funnel openings and the inflow joints are created. This results in radial support webs (41E) on the side of the cannula segments (28K), and cupboard brackets (40E) are formed on the bottom end, which also serve for heat distribution and attachment to the heat conducting plate.

The luminaires described can also be operated with wax or stearin or with combustible vegetable fat.

Claims

claims

1. Luminaire, in particular paraffin luminaire (1, 1A - 1E), with a bowl-like container (2, 2A - 2E), in which a non-flammable wick (3, 3C - 3E) is centered, which is located in a riser (4, 4A, 4C - 4E), through which the fuel (W) filled in the container (2, 2A - 2E) receives heat of fusion and the melt flows to the wick (3, 3C - 3E), characterized in that the riser (4, 4A, 4C - 4E) consists of thin-walled metal and touchingly surrounds the wick (3, 3C - 3E), which protrudes on the flame side, on all sides while leaving a narrow inflow joint (Fl, F2, FC, FE).

2. Luminaire according to claim 1, characterized in that the rising body (4) consists of metallic, spirally wound, two-layer corrugated film composite material (6) with vertical cavities (6C), the corrugated film composite material (6) from a first, inner film layer (6A) a corrugated metal foil and a second, outer foil layer (6B) consists of a flat metal foil and the vertical cavities (6C) are each formed by the first, wavy foil (6A) and delimited by the second foil (6B), and the Wick (3) is kept wrapped in the spiral center.

3. Luminaire according to claim 2, characterized in that the riser (4) is surrounded by a sheath (5) whose sheath height (HH) is 8 mm to 20 mm, preferably 16 mm and is greater than a riser body height (KH ) of the riser (4), which is 4 mm to 15 mm, preferably 8 mm, and a wick height (DH) of the wick (3) corresponds at least to the sheath height (HH), with the sheath (5) in the area in which these do not envelop the riser (4), supply air openings (7) are left.

4. Luminaire according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the casing (5) with the riser (4) on a container bottom (8) covering glass fiber film (9) is arranged so as to pass fuel, on which a heat-conducting film provided with flow holes (10) (11) is made of metal, which contacts the casing (5) and fuel (W) filled in the container (2) in a heat-conducting manner.

5. Lamp according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the film layers (6A, 6B) are glued together.

6. Lamp according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the envelope (5) has an inside diameter (SI) between 14 mm and 24 mm, preferably 17 mm and has an annular collar (12, 12A) on the top and bottom whose diameter (KD) is 16 mm to 30 mm, preferably 22 mm.

7. Luminaire according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the container base (8) and the glass fiber film (9) are circular and the heat-conducting film (11) in an annular shape while leaving a Steigkörper¬ footprint, in which the riser (4) on the glass fiber film (9) rests.

8. Luminaire according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a holding or clamping plate (13) is arranged on the container bottom side, onto which the sleeve (5) can be plugged.

9. Lamp according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the container (2) is a flat Iron bowl (2), the diameter of which is 6 cm to 12 cm, preferably 8 cm.

10. Luminaire according to claim 9, characterized in that the iron shell (2) with a cover (14) with a flame opening (15), preferably a toroidal section-shaped ring cover (14), can be closed.

11. Luminaire according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that on the ring cover (14), the flame opening (15) comprising a windscreen (17), preferably a glass cylinder (17) is arranged attachable.

12. Luminaire according to one of claims 9 to 11, characterized in that the iron shell (2) on a stand

(18) with a carrier plate (20) and a holding magnet

(19) is held magnetically.

13. Luminaire (1A) according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the cup-like container (2A) is a plastic shell (2A) whose diameter is 6 cm to 10 cm, preferably 10 cm and the height of 15 mm to 25 mm, preferably 19 mm.

14. Lamp (1A) according to one of claims 1 to 8 and 13, characterized in that the plastic shell (2A) with a lid (14A) with a central flame opening (15) can be closed.

15. Light (1A) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cover (14A) is double-walled and in the cover (14A) fragrance films (21) can be brought.

16. Luminaire (1B) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a wax melting pot (22) made of metal via a to the container (2B) Swivel arrangement (23A, 23B, 23C) is arranged to be pivotable, wherein in a melting position of the wax crucible (22) a heat-absorbing surface (24) of the wax crucible (22) is aligned vertically above the wick (3) and a drain pipe (23C) of the wax crucible (22) is aligned vertically via an inlet opening (26) of the container (2B).

17. Lamp (1B) according to claim 16, characterized gekenn¬ characterized in that a c-shaped bracket (23A) is rigidly arranged at one end on the container (2B) and has a bearing bush (23B) at the other end, the bearing bush (23B) ver ¬ tical aligned over the inlet opening (26), and in the bearing bush (23B) a pivot plug-in journal (23C) of the wax crucible (22) is used, which is hollow as a drain pipe (23C) and that the wax crucible (22nd ) is arranged eccentrically on the pivot plug-in journal (23C), so that in the melting position the heat-receiving surface (24) of the wax crucible (22) is aligned vertically above the wick (3) and in a curing position the heat-receiving surface (24) is pivoted away from the wick (3), the drain pipe (23C) being aligned in every pivoting position of the wax crucible (22) above the inlet opening (26).

18. Lamp (1B) according to one of claims 16 or 17, characterized in that the wax crucible (22) has a volume which corresponds to the volume in the container (2B) up to the upper edge of the riser (4).

19. Luminaire according to one of claims 16 to 18, characterized in that the pivot plug-in journal (23C) of the wax crucible (22) can be pulled out of the bearing bush (23B).

20. lamp (1B) according to one of claims 16 to 19, characterized in that a glass fiber filter (27) is inserted in the melting crucible (22) in front of the drain pipe (23C).

21. Luminaire according to one of claims 1 and 9 to 20, characterized in that the metal riser (4A) is designed as a cannula (28) in which the wick (3) is held on the flame side, the cannula (28) on the flame side and is expanded in a ring shape on the container bottom side and the cannula (28) has a slit-like, vertical wax inflow joint (F2).

22. Luminaire according to claim 21, characterized in that the riser (4A) is made of copper or brass with a wall thickness (WS) of 0.15 mm to 0.2 mm and a height (H) of 13 mm to 20 mm , preferably 16 mm, the cannula (28) having an inner diameter (ID) which corresponds to the wick diameter in a loose fit, and the flame and / or base-side annular extension (30A, 30B) a diameter (D) of 8 mm to 16 mm, preferably 9 to 12 mm.

23. Luminaire according to one of claims 21 or 22, characterized in that the wax inlet joint (F2) is formed over the entire length of the cannula (28) and one of the extensions (30A, 30B).

24. Luminaire according to one of claims 21 to 23, characterized in that the base-side extension (30B) extends to the envelope (5) centering.

25. Luminaire according to one of claims 21 to 24, characterized in that at least one metal disc (31; 31A) on the bottom of the cannula (28) is arranged at a slight distance from the lower extension (30B1, 30B2).

26. Luminaire according to one of claims 21 to 25, characterized characterized in that the flame-side extension (30A; 30A1, 30A2) is formed flat funnel-shaped.

27. Luminaire according to one of claims 21 to 26, characterized in that the cannula (28C, 28D) and their upper and lower extensions (30A1, 30A2; 30B1, 30B2) are folded together from a stamped and stamped part.

28. Luminaire according to claim 27, characterized in that the stamped-embossed part comprises a lower metal disc (31A) and molded cupboard flaps (SI, S).

29. Luminaire according to one of claims 21 to 28, characterized in that it is a tea light which is equipped with an annular paraffin body (P) which has a central bore on the bottom, which is slightly wider than the diameter (D) of the flame-side extension ring ( 30A; 30A1, 30A2) and a small distance overlaid by a few millimeters with a paraffin protrusion (PA) which has a wick hole.

30. Luminaire according to claim 29, characterized in that the paraffin protrusion (PA) is sunk in a funnel shape.

31. Luminaire according to claim 1, characterized in that the riser (4C, 4D, 4E) is designed in the lower region as a cannula (28) and the cannula (28) on the flame side extends an approximately 10 to 15 mm high funnel attachment (7C, 7D, 7E), which projects so far over the wick (3C, 3D, 3E) that in each case with a full fuel supply, the flame (F) at the bottom ends up to or slightly into the funnel attachment (7C, 7D, 7E ), and that in the funnel attachment (7C, 7D, 7E) there are funnel openings (8C, 8D, 8E) at the bottom in the area near the wick, each of which, in the event of combustion of residual fuel, just enough to supply air to a small, in the funnel attachment (7C, 7D, 7E) burning residual flame (FR) and sufficient to anneal the wick.

32. Luminaire according to claim 31, characterized in that the riser (4C, 4D, 4E) is made of metal, in particular light metal, copper or brass, with a wall thickness of 0.15 mm to 0.25 mm, the cannula (28 ) has a height of about 5 mm and an inside diameter that corresponds to the wick diameter in a loose fit.

33. Luminaire according to one of claims 31 or 32, characterized in that the cannula (28, 28E) and its funnel attachment (7D, 7E) and their retaining tabs (40D, 40E) are folded together from a stamped and embossed part.

34. Luminaire according to claim 33, characterized in that the stamped embossed part is made from a blank which has a central ring for the formation of the funnel attachment (7E, 7R) and radial webs (28Z, 28K; 7S) which are parallel to the funnel attachment guided and designed as cannula segments (28K, 7S) and each have a molded-on retaining tab (40D) or a support web (41E) to which a retaining tab (40E) is molded.

35. Luminaire according to one of claims 33 or 34, characterized in that the inflow joint (FD, FE) extends over the entire length of the cannula (28) between the cannula segments and is designed as a funnel opening (8D, 8E).

36. Luminaire according to claim 35, characterized in that on the central ring of the funnel extension (7D) upwardly extending tab-like extensions (7F) are formed.

37. Luminaire according to one of claims 31 or 32, characterized in that the riser (4C) from one Pipe section by pressing in with the formation of radial support webs (41) and cannula segments (28) and the funnel approach (7C) and the support webs (41) while leaving the inflow joint (FC) have spaced walls and the funnel openings (8C) punched, cut and indented or drilled.

38. Luminaire according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the riser (4C, 4D, 4E) on a heat-conducting plate (11) made of thin sheet metal is held by tabs (5C, 5D, 5E) bent out of it, and the heat-conducting plate ( 11) is arranged at a slight distance from the container bottom (8) by a heat-insulating intermediate layer or by spacing embossments (HP) in the heat plate (11) or a support edge (2R) on the container (2D).

39. Luminaire according to claim 38, characterized in that the heat-conducting plate (11) is substantially circular and laterally carries centering tabs (HZ) which are supported on the end of the container (2C, 2D, 2E) near its convex edge.

40. Luminaire according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the container (2C, 2E) with a lid (14) with a flame opening (15), preferably a toroidal section-shaped ring cover (14), is largely covered and completely closable with an extinguishing cap is.

41. Luminaire according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the wick (3C, 3D, 3E) made of a heat-resistant fiber material, e.g. Quartz glass fibers.

42. Luminaire according to claim 41, characterized in that the wick (3C) is reinforced with a metal wire helix (3H) or a braided quartz glass tube.

43. Luminaire according to claim 42, characterized in that the wire coil (3C) carries a closed turn (3W) at the top end of the wick (3C).

44. Luminaire according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is a tea light, in particular with commercial dimensions, which is equipped with an annular paraffin body (P) which has a central bore on the bottom, which is slightly wider than the diameter of the funnel attachment ( 7E) and protrudes into it with a paraffin overhang (PAl) a few millimeters, leaving a wick hole, and has a thickness that is less than the height of the riser (4E).