WO1996022738A1 - Spinal disc surgical instrument - Google Patents
Spinal disc surgical instrument Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1996022738A1 WO1996022738A1 PCT/US1995/000915 US9500915W WO9622738A1 WO 1996022738 A1 WO1996022738 A1 WO 1996022738A1 US 9500915 W US9500915 W US 9500915W WO 9622738 A1 WO9622738 A1 WO 9622738A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- shaft
- cannula
- drive shaft
- handle
- cutter
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/32—Surgical cutting instruments
- A61B17/3205—Excision instruments
- A61B17/3207—Atherectomy devices working by cutting or abrading; Similar devices specially adapted for non-vascular obstructions
- A61B17/320758—Atherectomy devices working by cutting or abrading; Similar devices specially adapted for non-vascular obstructions with a rotating cutting instrument, e.g. motor driven
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/32—Surgical cutting instruments
- A61B17/320016—Endoscopic cutting instruments, e.g. arthroscopes, resectoscopes
- A61B17/32002—Endoscopic cutting instruments, e.g. arthroscopes, resectoscopes with continuously rotating, oscillating or reciprocating cutting instruments
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/32—Surgical cutting instruments
- A61B17/3205—Excision instruments
- A61B17/3207—Atherectomy devices working by cutting or abrading; Similar devices specially adapted for non-vascular obstructions
- A61B17/320783—Atherectomy devices working by cutting or abrading; Similar devices specially adapted for non-vascular obstructions through side-hole, e.g. sliding or rotating cutter inside catheter
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/16—Bone cutting, breaking or removal means other than saws, e.g. Osteoclasts; Drills or chisels for bones; Trepans
- A61B17/1662—Bone cutting, breaking or removal means other than saws, e.g. Osteoclasts; Drills or chisels for bones; Trepans for particular parts of the body
- A61B17/1671—Bone cutting, breaking or removal means other than saws, e.g. Osteoclasts; Drills or chisels for bones; Trepans for particular parts of the body for the spine
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/28—Surgical forceps
- A61B17/29—Forceps for use in minimally invasive surgery
- A61B17/2909—Handles
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/00234—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets for minimally invasive surgery
- A61B2017/00238—Type of minimally invasive operation
- A61B2017/00261—Discectomy
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B2017/00681—Aspects not otherwise provided for
- A61B2017/00685—Archimedes screw
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/22—Implements for squeezing-off ulcers or the like on the inside of inner organs of the body; Implements for scraping-out cavities of body organs, e.g. bones; Calculus removers; Calculus smashing apparatus; Apparatus for removing obstructions in blood vessels, not otherwise provided for
- A61B2017/22038—Implements for squeezing-off ulcers or the like on the inside of inner organs of the body; Implements for scraping-out cavities of body organs, e.g. bones; Calculus removers; Calculus smashing apparatus; Apparatus for removing obstructions in blood vessels, not otherwise provided for with a guide wire
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/28—Surgical forceps
- A61B17/29—Forceps for use in minimally invasive surgery
- A61B2017/2901—Details of shaft
- A61B2017/2905—Details of shaft flexible
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/28—Surgical forceps
- A61B17/29—Forceps for use in minimally invasive surgery
- A61B2017/2926—Details of heads or jaws
- A61B2017/2927—Details of heads or jaws the angular position of the head being adjustable with respect to the shaft
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B90/00—Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups A61B1/00 - A61B50/00, e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
- A61B90/36—Image-producing devices or illumination devices not otherwise provided for
- A61B90/361—Image-producing devices, e.g. surgical cameras
- A61B2090/3614—Image-producing devices, e.g. surgical cameras using optical fibre
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B90/00—Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups A61B1/00 - A61B50/00, e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
- A61B90/36—Image-producing devices or illumination devices not otherwise provided for
- A61B90/37—Surgical systems with images on a monitor during operation
- A61B2090/378—Surgical systems with images on a monitor during operation using ultrasound
- A61B2090/3782—Surgical systems with images on a monitor during operation using ultrasound transmitter or receiver in catheter or minimal invasive instrument
- A61B2090/3784—Surgical systems with images on a monitor during operation using ultrasound transmitter or receiver in catheter or minimal invasive instrument both receiver and transmitter being in the instrument or receiver being also transmitter
Definitions
- the present invention generally relates to the field of surgical instruments and, more particularly, to a surgical instrument for performing intervertebral surgery for stabilizing the spine.
- a common medical condition is chronic low back pain due to spinal disc problems.
- Low back pain is the most frequent cause of disability in persons under age 45 years, and the third most frequent cause in the 45-64 age group.
- Intervertebral stabilization is sought in a variety of treatment methods. To abate low back pain, stabilization is directed to stabilizing contiguous vertebra in the lumbar region of the spine.
- a common non-surgical procedures is the use of a back brace. The brace is worn externally by the patient to restrict lumbar movement. The brace however is bulky and uncomfortable and limited in its effectiveness.
- Laminotomy with discectomy is the standard treatment for patients with disc protrusion producing sciatica.
- the procedure is performed under general anesthesia.
- a surgical incision is made and the surgeon directly visualizes the posterior disc and nerve root.
- the disc extrusion or free fragments are excised and removed.
- this direct approach necessitates entry into the spinal canal, thereby putting the patient at risk for epidural bleeding, perineural fibrosis and reherniation from the site of the annular fenestration.
- Surgical stabilization seeks to rigidly join the lumbar vertebra which are separated by the degenerated disc. Ideally, the surgery effectively replaces the vertebra-disc-vertebra combination with a single rigid vertebra. That is, adjacent vertebra are fused together to form a single vertebra.
- Arthroscopic discectomy offers an alternative method treatment for lumbar radiculopathy due to herniated disc.
- Several such devices are described in U.S. Patent No. 4,203,444; U.S. Patent No. 4,598,710; U.S. Patent No. 4,603,694; U.S. Patent No. 4,834,729; and U.S. Patent No. 5,062,845.
- each of these devices suffer limitations.
- the surgical instrument of the present invention includes a cannula shaft terminating in a cutting window at the distal end of the cannula shaft.
- the proximal end of the cannula shaft is mounted to a handle.
- a flexible drive shaft connected at one end to a drive mechanism, extends through the handle and the cannula shaft.
- a cutting head is mounted to the distal end of the drive shaft and positioned for cooperative cutting action with the cutting window at the distal end of the cannula shaft.
- the drive shaft extends through a non-rotating idler shaft. Severed tissue is removed or evacuated from the surgical site through an annular passage defined between the cannula and idler shaft.
- a flexible joint in the cannula shaft near the cutting window is provided to permit the operator to adjust the angle at which the cutting action is performed. Adjacent the flexible joint, an irrigation port flushes the surgical site, allowing the operator to keep the surgical site free of removed tissue.
- the distal end of the instrument is also provided with two means of viewing, an ultrasonic array for viewing through tissue and a fiberoptic viewing means for a clear view of the surgical site.
- the handle of the instrument is also provided with a swivel joint to provide the operator with a clear view.
- the cannula shaft may be rotated about a 360 degree angle so that the operator may cut on the underside of a vertebra as easily as the upper side.
- the instrument of the present invention is a fully contained unit, other than the fiberoptic and ultrasonic viewing features. That is, the cutting element is driven by a motor that is powered by a battery pack contained within the handle of the instrument.
- Figure 1 is a partially broken away, sectional view of a preferred embodiment of the invention
- Figure 2 is a partial, sectional view showing the distal end of the surgical instrument of a preferred embodiment of the invention
- Figure 3 is a partial, sectional view showing an alternate embodiment of the distal end of the surgical instrument of a preferred embodiment of the invention
- Figure 4 is a partial, sectional view of the distal end of the surgical instrument of the invention showing a guide wire extending through the drive shaft and cutting head of a preferred embodiment of the invention.
- Figure 5A is a perspective view of a complete dissector instrument, including the cutting head and the power/drive system, of a preferred embodiment of the invention.
- Figure 5B is a detail view of an articulated section of the cutting head of the invention.
- Figure 5C is a detail view of the articulated section of Figure 5C, shown in an actuated position.
- Figure 6A is a side view of the cutter head of the invention
- Figures 6B through 6E are detail views of the cutter head of Figure 6A.
- Figure 7A is a side view of the cutter head of the invention.
- Figures 7B through 7D are detail view of the cutter head of Figure
- Figure 8A is a side view of the cutter head of the invention
- Figure 8B is partially a section view and partly a detail view of the cutter head of Figure 8 A.
- Figure 9A is a side view of the cutter head, including a scope port.
- Figure 9B is a top view of the cutter head of Figure 9A and
- Figure 9C is a bottom view.
- Figure 10A is an enlarged view of a cutting element or bit of the invention
- Figure 10B is a left-end view of the cutting element
- Figure IOC is a right-end view.
- Figure 1 1 is a further enlarged view of a cutting element within its enclosure, particularly preferred assembly relationships of the various parts of the cutter head.
- Figures 12 A through 12D are detail views of cutters with varying blade pitch and window angles.
- Figure 1 depicts the surgical instrument 10 of the present invention.
- the surgical instrument 10 comprises a handle 12, a cannula shaft 14 and an external drive mechanism (Figure 5 A, for example).
- the cannula shaft 14 of Figures 1-4 is a substantially rigid, hollow tubular member approximately 10 to 12 inches in length.
- the cannula shaft preferably includes a malleable or articulated section near an end or tip 20 , as described below in greater detail.
- the cannula shaft 14 is mounted to the end 16 of the handle 12.
- the proximal end of the cannula shaft 14 is received in a bore formed in the handle 12 which terminates at a shoulder 18.
- the cannula shaft 14 is press fit into the end 16 of the handle 12 so that the proximal end thereof engages the shoulder 18 formed in the handle 12.
- the distal end of the cannula shaft 14 terminates in an end 20.
- the end 20 is slotted to form a cutting window.
- the end 20 may be integrally formed with the cannula shaft 14, however, for ease of manufacture, the end 20 is preferably formed as a separate component and is welded or otherwise secured to the distal end of the cannula shaft 14 as shown in greater detail in Figure 2.
- the handle 12 includes a through-bore 22 axially extending through the handle 12.
- the proximal end of the bore 22 is closed by an end cap 24 which is press fit into the end 26 of the handle
- An evacuation port 28 angularly extends through the body of the handle 12.
- the port 28 opens into the bore 22 thereby forming an evacuation passage for tissue removed at the surgical site.
- the port 28 provides a connection for connecting an aspirating device to the handle 12.
- the port 2 8 may be utilized as an injection port for delivery of medication to the surgical site.
- the end 20 is slotted on one side to provide a cutting window for progressively shaving away the herniated disc.
- the cutter 30 is mounted on the drive shaft 32. It is welded or otherwise secured to the end of the drive shaft 32 and positioned within the end 20 of the surgical instrument 10 so that each rotation of the cutter 30 shaves off a segment of the herniated disc.
- the auger-like profile of the cutter 30 transports the shaved segments backward to the annulus 34.
- the shavings are then aspirated to a collection vessel connected to the evacuation port 28.
- the drive shaft 32 may be hollow, as shown in Figure 4.
- the hollow shaft 32 extends through cutter 30 and cannula end 20, allowing a guide wire 64 to pass through the entire assembly, as best shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4, to facilitate passage and positioning of the cannula shaft 14 for removal of tissue at the surgical site.
- Removal of the herniated disc is accomplished by shaving away bits of the disc.
- Each pass of the cutter 30 does not always sever and separate discrete portions of the disc.
- the suction of the aspirating device may draw tissue into the cutting chamber which will be severed by the cutter 30 . Therefore, relatively long and stringy shavings or cuttings may be cut by the cutter 30. Long and stringy shavings have a tendency to wrap around a rotating drive shaft and thereby tend to block the evacuation passage.
- the present surgical instrument avoids this problem by incorporating an idler shaft 36 about the drive shaft 32. The idler shaft 36 does not rotate with the drive shaft 32. However, it does tend to vibrate slightly in response to the rotating action of the drive shaft 32.
- the vibrating action of the idler shaft 36 agitates and dislodges shavings which might otherwise adhere to the surface of the idler shaft 36.
- shavings removed by the cutter 30 are quickly aspirated from the surgical site through the annulus 34 and into a collection receptacle.
- the idler shaft 36 terminates at a coupling 38 located in the passage 22 of the handle 12.
- the idler shaft 36 is secured to the coupling 3 8 by a set screw 40 or the like.
- a seal 42 is joumaled about the idler shaft 30 for sealing the evacuation passage.
- the seal 4 2 seals the passage 22 extending through the handle 12 so that shavings are directed through the evacuation port 28 to a collection vessel (not shown in the drawings).
- the drive cable 32 extends through the end cap 24 and connects to a drive motor ( Figure 5A). Stabilization of the flexible drive shaft 32 is provided by a stabilizer 44 which extends from the coupler 38 and into the end cap 24. The stabilizer 44 is secured to the coupler 38 by a set screw 46. The stabilizer 4 4 confines the flexible drive shaft 32 so that it does not whip about within the handle 12 thereby causing severe vibration of the handle 12.
- the cutter 50 defines a substantially cylindrical cutting element.
- the cutter 50 is open at the proximal end thereof.
- the forwardmost or distal end of the cutter 50 is closed and defines a rounded profile substantially corresponding to the profile of the tip 52 of the cutter housing 54 which is mounted on the end of the cannula shaft 14.
- the cutter 50 is provided with a pair of slots 56 formed in the sidewall thereof.
- the slots 5 6 substantially correspond to the size of the cutting window 5 8 formed in one side of the cutter housing 54.
- the slots 56 are diametrically opposite each other and extend longitudinally along the sidewall of the cutter 50.
- the drive shaft 32 extends to the distal end of the cutter 50 and is welded or otherwise fixedly secured to the cutter 50.
- the idler shaft 36 extends into the cutter 50 terminating adjacent the distal end thereof.
- a guide wire 64 extends through the drive shaft 32 and the cutter 50.
- the alternate embodiment of Figure 4 depicts a cutter 6 0 defining a substantially conical profile.
- the cutter 60 includes a plurality of blades 62 spaced about the conical body of the cutter 60.
- the blades 62 of the cutter 60 are particularly suited for boring through or chipping away calcified matter.
- a guide wire 6 4 extends through the drive shaft 32 and the cutter 60. Removal of a herniated disc is accomplished with the present surgical instrument by making a small incision in the back of the patient to access the spine.
- the cannula shaft 14 is inserted through the incision and the cutting tip of the instrument 10 is positioned to engage the herniated disc.
- the cutter is rotated and by contacting the disc with the cutting tip, the surgeon may progressively shave away the herniated disc. The process is repeated until the herniated disc is completed removed.
- Figure 5A depicts a currently preferred embodiment of the surgical instrument 70 of the present invention.
- the instrument 70 comprises a handle 72 , a cannula shaft 74 , and a cutter 76.
- the cutter 76 may comprise any of the previously described cutter elements.
- the instrument 70 Adjacent the cutter 76 , and near the distal end of the cannula shaft 74 , the instrument 70 includes a flexible joint 78.
- the flexible joint 78 may be constructed by any of a number of techniques, but is preferably malleable or articulated. The flexible joint enable the operator of the instrument to deflect the cutter 76. This deflection directs the cutter to cut on a different plane and provides greater functionality to the surgeon.
- the instrument includes an irrigation port 80.
- the irrigation provides a means of irrigating the region that is being cut, thereby flushing removed tissue and assisting in the removal of the material through aspiration.
- the irrigation port 80 further serves as an exit port for a fiber optic viewing system, as described below, to enable the surgeon to directly view the area being cut.
- the fiber optic viewing system may be coupled to a fiberoptic port 82 or any appropriate means.
- an ultrasonic array 84 is also adjacent the cutter, and preferably between the irrigation port 80 and the cutter.
- the ultrasonic array 84 may be built into the cannula shaft 74 , or it too may be fed by wire through the irrigation port 80.
- a deflector lever 86 Attached to and protruding from the cannula shaft is a deflector lever 86.
- the deflector lever 86 is attached to the distal end of the cannula shaft by a wire or rod 88 to permit the operator to adjust the precise angle of deflection of the flex joint 78.
- the handle 72 joins to the cannula shaft 74 at a shoulder 90 , as previously described with regard to Figures 1 -4.
- the handle includes an irrigation chamber 92 and immediately behind the irrigation chamber 92 is an aspiration chamber 94.
- the irrigation chamber 92 is provided with a supply port 96 and the aspiration chamber 94 communicates with a suction port 98.
- Each of the ports 9 6 and 98 is provides with a connector means of any appropriate type, preferably to enable quick connect and disconnect.
- an irrigation orifice 100 Within the irrigation chamber 92 is an irrigation orifice 100.
- the irrigation orifice 100 provides communication between the chamber 92 and a irrigation tube 102.
- Aspiration from the aspiration chamber 94 through the suction port 98 is carried out as previously described.
- the chambers 92 and 9 4 are sealed off between the handle and the cannula shaft by O-ring seals 104 and 106 in a conventional manner.
- the drive shaft of the instrument 70 is coupled via a coupling 108 like the coupling 38 as previously described.
- the coupling 108 couples to a drive means 110 , preferably a 4.5 volt DC motor.
- the motor 110 is firmly mounted within a motor shell 112 and is powered through power cables 114. Power is provided by a battery pack 116 and the cables 114 provide the electrical connection to the motor 110.
- the battery pack 116 is firmly mounted within a battery shell 118.
- a handle swivel feature of the present invention is disclosed.
- a swivel joint 120 Between the battery shell 1 18 and the motor shell 112 is a swivel joint 120.
- Rotation of the swivel joint 120 is enabled by a swivel lock 122.
- the swivel lock 1 12 also serves to lock the shells in place in the swivelled position.
- a latch is released permitting rotation of the battery shell 118 relative to the motor shell 1 12.
- the shells are coupled to one another through a rotating flange 124 and the rotating flange also encloses the cables 114 which connect the battery pack to the motor.
- This feature of the present invention permits adjustment of the handle to improve the field of view for the operator when he is operating from an anterior approach.
- control switch 126 mounted on the battery shell is a control switch 126.
- the control switch 126 controls operation of the motor through connecting wires 128.
- the present invention also permits rotation of the cannula shaft through a key lock 130.
- Figures 6A through 6E provide details of the construction of the flex joint 78 and its controls. It should be understood that the side view of Figure 6A is turned over from the perspective view of Figure 5A. Figure 6B provides details of the flex joint 78 itself. As shown, the flex joint is preferably formed of an accordion-like construction, to give flexibility while remaining sealed. Figures 6A to 6E also show the structural relationship between the irrigation tube 102 and an aspiration tube, as previously described, and shown in section in Figure 8B. Also, Figure 6E illustrates that the end of the irrigation tube 102 is sealed at one end within the cannula shaft and is penetrated by the orifice 100.
- FIGS. 7A through 7D depict details of the ultrasonic array feature of the present invention.
- An array 84 of piezoelectric crystals is placed about the tip 20 of the cannula shaft 74 to provide as assembly of ultrasonic transmitters and receivers which may be serially activated to ultrasonically scan a preselected pattern about the surgical field.
- the ultrasonic signal is generated by a set of transducers and receivers, typically operating at a frequency range of 5 to 50 megahertz.
- the transmitted and received signals are preferably conducted through a set of leads 132.
- the electric wire leads are embedded or encapsulated in the length of the cannula to transmit the signal to and from the ultrasonic transducer crystals. These crystals act in response to excitation of an external voltage pulse (typically 5- 50 volt range) or in response to sonic vibration return from body tissue onto a receiver crystal and thereby converted to an electric signal.
- an external voltage pulse typically 5- 50 volt range
- FIGS 8A and 8B illustrate the structural relationship between various elements within the cannula shaft 74.
- a drive shaft 134 Coaxial within the cannula shaft 74 are a drive shaft 134 which rotates within an idler shaft 136. These shaft elements operate in a manner as previously described.
- the irrigation tube 102 Within the cannula shaft 74 and running axially parallel with the shaft is the irrigation tube 102. Recall that the irrigation tube 102 also serves as the access tube for a fiber optic instrument that may be inserted through the instrument.
- the tube 102 may be attached to an inner wall 138 of the cannula shaft by any appropriate means, preferably by spot welding.
- the deflector wire or rod 88 is attached to the deflector lever 86.
- the lever 86 may be mounted upon a pedestal 140 which provides a pivot axis 142, as through a pin 144.
- Figure 9 A depicts a side view of the cannula shaft 74 of the invention.
- Figure 9B provides a top view and
- Figure 9C provides a bottom view.
- These figures depict the preferred structural relationship of the cannula shaft, the deflection wire 88 (i. e. , preferably on the upper portion of the cannula shaft 74), and the irrigation and scope tube 102 (i. e. , preferably on the bottom portion of the cannula shaft).
- Figures 10A through 10C, 11, and 12A through 12D depict another feature of the present invention. It has been found that the cutter element and the window through which the cutter element have two parameters that may be varied to tailor specific performance of the instrument, depending on the application and the type of tissue that is to be removed. Specifically, the operator should have the option to select a particular cutter window angle ⁇ , the angle being determined from the centerline at the tip, for example, depending on the tissue of interest. An angle of 5° as defined by Figure 11, has been found to be more aggressive in drawing desired tissue into the instrument because more of the blade is exposed.
- the window angle is preferably from about 5° to about 10°.
- the blade pitch a The other parameter that may be varied is referred to herein as the blade pitch a.
- the blade pitch may be thought of as the angle between the edge of the blade and the axis of rotation of the cutter element, as viewed from the side.
- the blade pitch is preferably between about 14° and about 20°.
- angles significantly less than about 14° present too flat an aspect to the tissue being cut and the blades lose the shear force in the cutting motion.
- angles significantly greater than about 20° tend to pull the instrument and such blades introduce an unnecessary instability in the operation.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP95910117A EP0751746A1 (en) | 1992-12-04 | 1995-01-23 | Spinal disc surgical instrument |
AU18335/95A AU1833595A (en) | 1992-12-04 | 1995-01-23 | Spinal disc surgical instrument |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US07/985,329 US5383884A (en) | 1992-12-04 | 1992-12-04 | Spinal disc surgical instrument |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1996022738A1 true WO1996022738A1 (en) | 1996-08-01 |
Family
ID=25531385
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US1995/000915 WO1996022738A1 (en) | 1992-12-04 | 1995-01-23 | Spinal disc surgical instrument |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5383884A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0751746A1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU1833595A (en) |
WO (1) | WO1996022738A1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US8187288B2 (en) * | 2003-03-10 | 2012-05-29 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Re-shapeable medical device |
US20220387012A1 (en) * | 2014-10-18 | 2022-12-08 | Stryker European Operations Holdings Llc | Surgical Tool Including An Inelastic and Elastic Cable To Be Tensioned To Impart A Bend |
Families Citing this family (111)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0621020A1 (en) * | 1993-04-21 | 1994-10-26 | SULZER Medizinaltechnik AG | Intervertebral prosthesis and method of implanting such a prosthesis |
US5655961A (en) * | 1994-10-12 | 1997-08-12 | Acres Gaming, Inc. | Method for operating networked gaming devices |
ES2174056T3 (en) * | 1995-03-28 | 2002-11-01 | Straub Medical Ag | CATHETER TO UNLOCK ABNORMAL INCRUSTATIONS IN HUMAN BLOOD VESSELS. |
JP3735821B2 (en) * | 1995-03-28 | 2006-01-18 | シュトラウブ メディカル アーゲー | Catheter for removing abnormal deposits from human blood vessels |
US5569178A (en) * | 1995-10-20 | 1996-10-29 | Henley; Julian L. | Power assisted suction lipectomy device |
US5676012A (en) * | 1995-12-05 | 1997-10-14 | Spectrum Manufacturing, Inc. | Process for forming endoscopic shaver blade from elongate tube |
DE69634612T2 (en) * | 1996-04-12 | 2006-01-19 | Howmedica Osteonics Corp. | SURGICAL CUTTING DEVICE REMOVABLE |
US5755718A (en) * | 1996-06-04 | 1998-05-26 | Sklar; Joseph H. | Apparatus and method for reconstructing ligaments |
US5741287A (en) * | 1996-11-01 | 1998-04-21 | Femrx, Inc. | Surgical tubular cutter having a tapering cutting chamber |
US6120520A (en) | 1997-05-27 | 2000-09-19 | Angiotrax, Inc. | Apparatus and methods for stimulating revascularization and/or tissue growth |
US6102926A (en) * | 1996-12-02 | 2000-08-15 | Angiotrax, Inc. | Apparatus for percutaneously performing myocardial revascularization having means for sensing tissue parameters and methods of use |
US5899915A (en) * | 1996-12-02 | 1999-05-04 | Angiotrax, Inc. | Apparatus and method for intraoperatively performing surgery |
US6010476A (en) * | 1996-12-02 | 2000-01-04 | Angiotrax, Inc. | Apparatus for performing transmyocardial revascularization |
US6165188A (en) * | 1996-12-02 | 2000-12-26 | Angiotrax, Inc. | Apparatus for percutaneously performing myocardial revascularization having controlled cutting depth and methods of use |
US6051008A (en) * | 1996-12-02 | 2000-04-18 | Angiotrax, Inc. | Apparatus having stabilization members for percutaneously performing surgery and methods of use |
US5941893A (en) * | 1996-12-02 | 1999-08-24 | Angiotrax, Inc. | Apparatus for transluminally performing surgery |
GB9713330D0 (en) * | 1997-06-25 | 1997-08-27 | Bridport Gundry Plc | Surgical implant |
US5972012A (en) * | 1997-10-17 | 1999-10-26 | Angiotrax, Inc. | Cutting apparatus having articulable tip |
KR20010033792A (en) | 1997-12-31 | 2001-04-25 | 잭 더블류 로마노 | Method and apparatus for transferring drilling energy to a cutting member |
IL124445A0 (en) * | 1998-05-12 | 1998-12-06 | Med En Ltd | Device and method for evacuating refuse from tissues of the body |
US6214009B1 (en) * | 1998-09-09 | 2001-04-10 | Xomed Surgical Products, Inc. | Rhinoplasty bur |
US6030401A (en) * | 1998-10-07 | 2000-02-29 | Nuvasive, Inc. | Vertebral enplate decorticator and osteophyte resector |
DE19904897C1 (en) * | 1999-02-06 | 2000-08-31 | Werner Stehr | Endoscope cutter for observing cutting work with an optical endoscope forms a volume cutter with a cutter window showing volume in a cutter casing |
CA2591678C (en) | 1999-03-07 | 2008-05-20 | Active Implants Corporation | Method and apparatus for computerized surgery |
US7641657B2 (en) * | 2003-06-10 | 2010-01-05 | Trans1, Inc. | Method and apparatus for providing posterior or anterior trans-sacral access to spinal vertebrae |
US6699214B2 (en) * | 2000-01-19 | 2004-03-02 | Scimed Life Systems, Inc. | Shear-sensitive injectable delivery system |
US6312438B1 (en) | 2000-02-01 | 2001-11-06 | Medtronic Xomed, Inc. | Rotary bur instruments having bur tips with aspiration passages |
US6558386B1 (en) * | 2000-02-16 | 2003-05-06 | Trans1 Inc. | Axial spinal implant and method and apparatus for implanting an axial spinal implant within the vertebrae of the spine |
DK1578315T3 (en) * | 2000-02-16 | 2008-10-06 | Trans1 Inc | Device for vertebral column distribution and fusion |
US7014633B2 (en) | 2000-02-16 | 2006-03-21 | Trans1, Inc. | Methods of performing procedures in the spine |
US7727263B2 (en) * | 2000-02-16 | 2010-06-01 | Trans1, Inc. | Articulating spinal implant |
US6558390B2 (en) * | 2000-02-16 | 2003-05-06 | Axiamed, Inc. | Methods and apparatus for performing therapeutic procedures in the spine |
US6899716B2 (en) | 2000-02-16 | 2005-05-31 | Trans1, Inc. | Method and apparatus for spinal augmentation |
US7662173B2 (en) * | 2000-02-16 | 2010-02-16 | Transl, Inc. | Spinal mobility preservation apparatus |
US20030191474A1 (en) * | 2000-02-16 | 2003-10-09 | Cragg Andrew H. | Apparatus for performing a discectomy through a trans-sacral axial bore within the vertebrae of the spine |
US6575979B1 (en) * | 2000-02-16 | 2003-06-10 | Axiamed, Inc. | Method and apparatus for providing posterior or anterior trans-sacral access to spinal vertebrae |
US6790210B1 (en) * | 2000-02-16 | 2004-09-14 | Trans1, Inc. | Methods and apparatus for forming curved axial bores through spinal vertebrae |
US7686799B2 (en) * | 2000-07-13 | 2010-03-30 | Abbott Cardiovascular Systems Inc. | Deployment system for myocardial cellular material |
US6673023B2 (en) * | 2001-03-23 | 2004-01-06 | Stryker Puerto Rico Limited | Micro-invasive breast biopsy device |
US20020138021A1 (en) * | 2001-03-23 | 2002-09-26 | Devonrex, Inc. | Micro-invasive tissue removal device |
US20020138091A1 (en) * | 2001-03-23 | 2002-09-26 | Devonrex, Inc. | Micro-invasive nucleotomy device and method |
US7485125B2 (en) * | 2001-12-17 | 2009-02-03 | Smith & Nephew, Inc. | Cutting instrument |
US8518036B2 (en) | 2002-03-05 | 2013-08-27 | Kimberly-Clark Inc. | Electrosurgical tissue treatment method |
US8043287B2 (en) * | 2002-03-05 | 2011-10-25 | Kimberly-Clark Inc. | Method of treating biological tissue |
US8882755B2 (en) * | 2002-03-05 | 2014-11-11 | Kimberly-Clark Inc. | Electrosurgical device for treatment of tissue |
US6896675B2 (en) | 2002-03-05 | 2005-05-24 | Baylis Medical Company Inc. | Intradiscal lesioning device |
US7497859B2 (en) * | 2002-10-29 | 2009-03-03 | Kyphon Sarl | Tools for implanting an artificial vertebral disk |
US7083649B2 (en) | 2002-10-29 | 2006-08-01 | St. Francis Medical Technologies, Inc. | Artificial vertebral disk replacement implant with translating pivot point |
US6966929B2 (en) * | 2002-10-29 | 2005-11-22 | St. Francis Medical Technologies, Inc. | Artificial vertebral disk replacement implant with a spacer |
US7273496B2 (en) * | 2002-10-29 | 2007-09-25 | St. Francis Medical Technologies, Inc. | Artificial vertebral disk replacement implant with crossbar spacer and method |
US8308708B2 (en) * | 2003-07-15 | 2012-11-13 | Abbott Cardiovascular Systems Inc. | Deployment system for myocardial cellular material |
US20050043739A1 (en) * | 2003-08-18 | 2005-02-24 | Sullivan Robert L. | Hybrid flexible drive shaft |
CA2543295A1 (en) * | 2003-10-23 | 2005-05-06 | Trans1 Inc. | Tools and tool kits for performing minimally invasive procedures on the spine |
US7520899B2 (en) * | 2003-11-05 | 2009-04-21 | Kyphon Sarl | Laterally insertable artificial vertebral disk replacement implant with crossbar spacer |
US7691146B2 (en) * | 2003-11-21 | 2010-04-06 | Kyphon Sarl | Method of laterally inserting an artificial vertebral disk replacement implant with curved spacer |
US20050283237A1 (en) * | 2003-11-24 | 2005-12-22 | St. Francis Medical Technologies, Inc. | Artificial spinal disk replacement device with staggered vertebral body attachments |
US20050154462A1 (en) * | 2003-12-02 | 2005-07-14 | St. Francis Medical Technologies, Inc. | Laterally insertable artificial vertebral disk replacement implant with translating pivot point |
US7481839B2 (en) * | 2003-12-02 | 2009-01-27 | Kyphon Sarl | Bioresorbable interspinous process implant for use with intervertebral disk remediation or replacement implants and procedures |
US20050143826A1 (en) * | 2003-12-11 | 2005-06-30 | St. Francis Medical Technologies, Inc. | Disk repair structures with anchors |
US8784421B2 (en) | 2004-03-03 | 2014-07-22 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Apparatus and methods for removing vertebral bone and disc tissue |
AU2005225208B2 (en) * | 2004-03-26 | 2009-11-19 | Nuvasive, Inc. | Porous implant for spinal disc nucleus replacement |
AU2005225205B9 (en) * | 2004-03-26 | 2009-11-19 | Nuvasive, Inc. | Prosthetic spinal disc |
US20080269900A1 (en) * | 2004-05-20 | 2008-10-30 | Christopher Reah | Surgical Implants |
US7575600B2 (en) * | 2004-09-29 | 2009-08-18 | Kyphon Sarl | Artificial vertebral disk replacement implant with translating articulation contact surface and method |
US20060069438A1 (en) * | 2004-09-29 | 2006-03-30 | Zucherman James F | Multi-piece artificial spinal disk replacement device with multi-segmented support plates |
US7481840B2 (en) * | 2004-09-29 | 2009-01-27 | Kyphon Sarl | Multi-piece artificial spinal disk replacement device with selectably positioning articulating element |
US20060206178A1 (en) * | 2005-03-11 | 2006-09-14 | Kim Daniel H | Percutaneous endoscopic access tools for the spinal epidural space and related methods of treatment |
GB0514891D0 (en) * | 2005-07-20 | 2005-08-24 | Pearsalls Ltd | Improvements in and relating to implants |
US20090105826A1 (en) * | 2005-06-03 | 2009-04-23 | Mcleod Alan | Surgical Implants |
WO2007021772A2 (en) * | 2005-08-09 | 2007-02-22 | Trans1, Inc. | Exchange system for axial spinal procedures |
US8123750B2 (en) * | 2005-08-17 | 2012-02-28 | Corespine Technologies, Llc | Apparatus and methods for removal of intervertebral disc tissues |
US20070055259A1 (en) * | 2005-08-17 | 2007-03-08 | Norton Britt K | Apparatus and methods for removal of intervertebral disc tissues |
US7927361B2 (en) * | 2005-11-29 | 2011-04-19 | Medtronic Xomed, Inc. | Method and apparatus for removing material from an intervertebral disc space, such as in performing a nucleotomy |
US20070162062A1 (en) * | 2005-12-08 | 2007-07-12 | Norton Britt K | Reciprocating apparatus and methods for removal of intervertebral disc tissues |
US20070213583A1 (en) * | 2006-03-10 | 2007-09-13 | Kim Daniel H | Percutaneous access and visualization of the spine |
US20070213584A1 (en) * | 2006-03-10 | 2007-09-13 | Kim Daniel H | Percutaneous access and visualization of the spine |
US7942104B2 (en) * | 2007-01-22 | 2011-05-17 | Nuvasive, Inc. | 3-dimensional embroidery structures via tension shaping |
US7946236B2 (en) * | 2007-01-31 | 2011-05-24 | Nuvasive, Inc. | Using zigzags to create three-dimensional embroidered structures |
WO2008098125A2 (en) * | 2007-02-08 | 2008-08-14 | Nuvasive, Inc. | Medical implants with pre-settled cores and related methods |
US7803170B2 (en) * | 2007-02-16 | 2010-09-28 | B&M Precision, Inc. | Rotary surgical instruments having curved cutting teeth |
US8282681B2 (en) * | 2007-08-13 | 2012-10-09 | Nuvasive, Inc. | Bioresorbable spinal implant and related methods |
JP2010537736A (en) * | 2007-08-27 | 2010-12-09 | スパイン ビュー, インコーポレイテッド | Balloon cannula system and related methods for accessing and visualizing the spine |
US7763268B2 (en) * | 2008-01-18 | 2010-07-27 | The Research Foundation Of State University Of New York | Load bearing hydrogel implants |
US8377135B1 (en) | 2008-03-31 | 2013-02-19 | Nuvasive, Inc. | Textile-based surgical implant and related methods |
US20100076476A1 (en) * | 2008-07-25 | 2010-03-25 | To John T | Systems and methods for cable-based tissue removal |
US9161773B2 (en) | 2008-12-23 | 2015-10-20 | Benvenue Medical, Inc. | Tissue removal tools and methods of use |
US8470043B2 (en) * | 2008-12-23 | 2013-06-25 | Benvenue Medical, Inc. | Tissue removal tools and methods of use |
US20100179557A1 (en) * | 2009-01-15 | 2010-07-15 | Husted Daniel S | Adjustable Powered Rongeur |
US9168047B2 (en) | 2009-04-02 | 2015-10-27 | John T. To | Minimally invasive discectomy |
US8801739B2 (en) | 2009-04-17 | 2014-08-12 | Spine View, Inc. | Devices and methods for arched roof cutters |
US20110112373A1 (en) * | 2009-11-10 | 2011-05-12 | Trans1 Inc. | Soft tissue access apparatus and methods for spinal surgery |
US8414606B2 (en) | 2010-10-22 | 2013-04-09 | Medtronic Xomed, Inc. | Method and apparatus for removing material from an intervertebral disc space and preparing end plates |
WO2012112579A1 (en) * | 2011-02-15 | 2012-08-23 | Spine View, Inc. | Discectomy devices and related methods |
US9119659B2 (en) | 2011-12-03 | 2015-09-01 | Ouroboros Medical, Inc. | Safe cutting heads and systems for fast removal of a target tissue |
US11419613B2 (en) | 2012-09-11 | 2022-08-23 | Carevature Medical Ltd. | Tissue removal device |
US9913728B2 (en) | 2013-03-14 | 2018-03-13 | Quandary Medical, Llc | Spinal implants and implantation system |
US9603610B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2017-03-28 | DePuy Synthes Products, Inc. | Tools and methods for tissue removal |
CN105578975A (en) | 2013-07-19 | 2016-05-11 | 欧罗波罗斯医学有限公司 | An anti-clogging device for a vacuum-assisted, tissue removal system |
US10314605B2 (en) | 2014-07-08 | 2019-06-11 | Benvenue Medical, Inc. | Apparatus and methods for disrupting intervertebral disc tissue |
US10022243B2 (en) | 2015-02-06 | 2018-07-17 | Benvenue Medical, Inc. | Graft material injector system and method |
US10080571B2 (en) | 2015-03-06 | 2018-09-25 | Warsaw Orthopedic, Inc. | Surgical instrument and method |
JP6598125B2 (en) | 2015-12-16 | 2019-10-30 | 株式会社日本未来医療研究所 | Object suction device |
US10729582B2 (en) | 2016-05-17 | 2020-08-04 | Alcon Inc. | Vitrectomy probe with end tissue cutter and associated devices, systems, and methods |
US10758286B2 (en) | 2017-03-22 | 2020-09-01 | Benvenue Medical, Inc. | Minimal impact access system to disc space |
WO2019148083A1 (en) | 2018-01-29 | 2019-08-01 | Benvenue Medical, Inc. | Minimally invasive interbody fusion |
WO2019178575A1 (en) | 2018-03-16 | 2019-09-19 | Benvenue Medical, Inc. | Articulated instrumentation and methods of using the same |
US11457908B2 (en) | 2018-10-05 | 2022-10-04 | Gary Fleischer | Retractor for spinal surgery |
US10966734B2 (en) * | 2019-05-10 | 2021-04-06 | Warsaw Orthopedic, Inc. | Surgical instrument and method |
CN110037767A (en) * | 2019-05-27 | 2019-07-23 | 川北医学院 | Interverbebral disc Minimally Invasive Surgery channel device and rotary cut device |
US11576683B2 (en) * | 2019-10-04 | 2023-02-14 | Gyrus Acmi, Inc. | Rotatable surgical instrument with bearing |
EP3865157A1 (en) | 2020-02-17 | 2021-08-18 | Université de Liège | Fat tissue removal device |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3976077A (en) * | 1975-02-03 | 1976-08-24 | Kerfoot Jr Franklin W | Eye surgery device |
US4955882A (en) * | 1988-03-30 | 1990-09-11 | Hakky Said I | Laser resectoscope with mechanical and laser cutting means |
EP0442263A1 (en) * | 1990-01-30 | 1991-08-21 | Microcision, Inc. | Atherectomy device with helical cutter |
US5226909A (en) * | 1989-09-12 | 1993-07-13 | Devices For Vascular Intervention, Inc. | Atherectomy device having helical blade and blade guide |
EP0582533A1 (en) * | 1992-08-06 | 1994-02-09 | Laboratoires Domilens Societe Anonyme | Surgical instrument for the in situ fragmentation of living tisue |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3732858A (en) * | 1968-09-16 | 1973-05-15 | Surgical Design Corp | Apparatus for removing blood clots, cataracts and other objects from the eye |
US4669469A (en) * | 1986-02-28 | 1987-06-02 | Devices For Vascular Intervention | Single lumen atherectomy catheter device |
FR2660851A1 (en) * | 1990-04-11 | 1991-10-18 | Cardial Sa | Device for unblocking vascular channels, such as the arteries |
-
1992
- 1992-12-04 US US07/985,329 patent/US5383884A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1995
- 1995-01-23 AU AU18335/95A patent/AU1833595A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1995-01-23 EP EP95910117A patent/EP0751746A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1995-01-23 WO PCT/US1995/000915 patent/WO1996022738A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3976077A (en) * | 1975-02-03 | 1976-08-24 | Kerfoot Jr Franklin W | Eye surgery device |
US4955882A (en) * | 1988-03-30 | 1990-09-11 | Hakky Said I | Laser resectoscope with mechanical and laser cutting means |
US5226909A (en) * | 1989-09-12 | 1993-07-13 | Devices For Vascular Intervention, Inc. | Atherectomy device having helical blade and blade guide |
EP0442263A1 (en) * | 1990-01-30 | 1991-08-21 | Microcision, Inc. | Atherectomy device with helical cutter |
EP0582533A1 (en) * | 1992-08-06 | 1994-02-09 | Laboratoires Domilens Societe Anonyme | Surgical instrument for the in situ fragmentation of living tisue |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US8187288B2 (en) * | 2003-03-10 | 2012-05-29 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Re-shapeable medical device |
US9254128B2 (en) | 2003-03-10 | 2016-02-09 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Re-shapeable medical device |
US20220387012A1 (en) * | 2014-10-18 | 2022-12-08 | Stryker European Operations Holdings Llc | Surgical Tool Including An Inelastic and Elastic Cable To Be Tensioned To Impart A Bend |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0751746A1 (en) | 1997-01-08 |
AU1833595A (en) | 1996-08-14 |
US5383884A (en) | 1995-01-24 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
WO1996022738A1 (en) | Spinal disc surgical instrument | |
Wuchinich et al. | Endoscopic ultrasonic rotary electro-cauterizing aspirator | |
US9510850B2 (en) | Ultrasonic surgical instruments | |
US9687254B2 (en) | Method and apparatus for removing material from an intervertebral disc space and preparing end plates | |
US5176677A (en) | Endoscopic ultrasonic rotary electro-cauterizing aspirator | |
US10039555B2 (en) | Systems and methods for cable-based tissue removal | |
CA2053681C (en) | Surgical device | |
US7927361B2 (en) | Method and apparatus for removing material from an intervertebral disc space, such as in performing a nucleotomy | |
CN103108596B (en) | ultrasonically powered surgical instruments with rotatable cutting implements | |
EP3741317B1 (en) | Ultrasonically powered surgical instruments with rotating cutting implement | |
US5741287A (en) | Surgical tubular cutter having a tapering cutting chamber | |
US5957881A (en) | Sinus debrider apparatus | |
US5730752A (en) | Tubular surgical cutters having aspiration flow control ports | |
US20030055404A1 (en) | Endoscopic rotary abraders | |
EP0500803A4 (en) | Method and apparatus for removal of cement from bone cavities | |
JP2003523218A (en) | Equipment for collecting bone sections |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AK | Designated states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AM AT AU BB BG BR BY CA CH CN CZ DE DK EE ES FI GB GE HU JP KE KG KP KR KZ LK LR LT LU LV MD MG MN MW MX NL NO NZ PL PT RO RU SD SE SI SK TJ TT UA US UZ VN |
|
AL | Designated countries for regional patents |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): KE MW SD SZ AT BE CH DE DK ES FR GB GR IE IT LU MC NL PT SE BF BJ CF CG CI CM GA GN ML MR NE SN TD TG |
|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application | ||
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 1995910117 Country of ref document: EP |
|
WWP | Wipo information: published in national office |
Ref document number: 1995910117 Country of ref document: EP |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: US Ref document number: 1997 716230 Date of ref document: 19970506 Kind code of ref document: A Format of ref document f/p: F |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: CA |
|
WWW | Wipo information: withdrawn in national office |
Ref document number: 1995910117 Country of ref document: EP |