WO1996036428A1 - Vacuum filter device and method - Google Patents
Vacuum filter device and method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1996036428A1 WO1996036428A1 PCT/US1996/007316 US9607316W WO9636428A1 WO 1996036428 A1 WO1996036428 A1 WO 1996036428A1 US 9607316 W US9607316 W US 9607316W WO 9636428 A1 WO9636428 A1 WO 9636428A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- filter
- passageway
- containers
- components
- membrane
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 29
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012982 microporous membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000011045 prefiltration Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 abstract description 49
- 238000013022 venting Methods 0.000 abstract description 23
- 239000012488 sample solution Substances 0.000 abstract description 17
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 27
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 23
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 19
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 11
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000036512 infertility Effects 0.000 description 4
- -1 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000002910 solid waste Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000002445 nipple Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000011146 sterile filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003104 tissue culture media Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004695 Polyether sulfone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013060 biological fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002301 cellulose acetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001963 growth medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012510 hollow fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005661 hydrophobic surface Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006393 polyether sulfone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003828 vacuum filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D63/00—Apparatus in general for separation processes using semi-permeable membranes
- B01D63/08—Flat membrane modules
- B01D63/087—Single membrane modules
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D29/00—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor
- B01D29/01—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor with flat filtering elements
- B01D29/012—Making filtering elements
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D29/00—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor
- B01D29/01—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor with flat filtering elements
- B01D29/05—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor with flat filtering elements supported
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D36/00—Filter circuits or combinations of filters with other separating devices
- B01D36/001—Filters in combination with devices for the removal of gas, air purge systems
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/14—Ultrafiltration; Microfiltration
- B01D61/18—Apparatus therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/14—Ultrafiltration; Microfiltration
- B01D61/20—Accessories; Auxiliary operations
-
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- B01D63/08—Flat membrane modules
- B01D63/081—Manufacturing thereof
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
- B01L3/00—Containers or dishes for laboratory use, e.g. laboratory glassware; Droppers
- B01L3/50—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes
- B01L3/502—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01L3/00—Containers or dishes for laboratory use, e.g. laboratory glassware; Droppers
- B01L3/50—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes
- B01L3/502—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures
- B01L3/5025—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures for parallel transport of multiple samples
- B01L3/50255—Multi-well filtration
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
- B29C65/08—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using ultrasonic vibrations
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- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/56—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits
- B29C65/561—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits using screw-threads being integral at least to one of the parts to be joined
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- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
- B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
- B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
- B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
- B29C66/114—Single butt joints
- B29C66/1142—Single butt to butt joints
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
- B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
- B29C66/54—Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-shells, to form hollow articles, e.g. for making balls, containers; Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-cylinders, to form tubular articles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
- B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
- B29C66/54—Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-shells, to form hollow articles, e.g. for making balls, containers; Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-cylinders, to form tubular articles
- B29C66/541—Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-shells, to form hollow articles, e.g. for making balls, containers; Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-cylinders, to form tubular articles a substantially flat extra element being placed between and clamped by the joined hollow-preforms
- B29C66/5412—Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-shells, to form hollow articles, e.g. for making balls, containers; Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-cylinders, to form tubular articles a substantially flat extra element being placed between and clamped by the joined hollow-preforms said substantially flat extra element being flexible, e.g. a membrane
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
- B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
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- B29C66/543—Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-shells, to form hollow articles, e.g. for making balls, containers; Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-cylinders, to form tubular articles joining more than two hollow-preforms to form said hollow articles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
- B29C66/727—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being porous, e.g. foam
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2201/00—Details relating to filtering apparatus
- B01D2201/20—Pressure-related systems for filters
- B01D2201/204—Systems for applying vacuum to filters
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/71—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
- B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
- B29C66/7392—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
- B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
- B29C66/7392—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
- B29C66/73921—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic characterised by the materials of both parts being thermoplastics
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2001/00—Use of cellulose, modified cellulose or cellulose derivatives, e.g. viscose, as moulding material
- B29K2001/08—Cellulose derivatives
- B29K2001/12—Cellulose acetate
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
- B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
- B29L2031/14—Filters
Definitions
- the present invention generally relates to vacuum filter devices and
- the invention relates to a liquid-tight filtration system in which
- solutions such as tissue culture media, are vacuum filtered.
- Devices for filtering biological solutions generally involve three primary
- a membrane filter interposed between two vessels, a feed
- the membrane to increase the rate of filtration by creating a pressure differential
- the arrangement of components for vacuum filtration can take various combinations
- the funnel includes a membrane filter positioned such that when the sample to be
- a vacuum conduit which is adapted to be
- containers utilized in the filtration process are disposable and intended for one ⁇
- 5,141,639 describes a vacuum filter assembly wherein the membrane filter is
- the cover is formed with a
- a length of tubing is connected at one end to the feed nipple
- the cover also includes a filtrate outlet port and a vacuum port,
- sample solution to be filtered is caused to flow through the tubing and pass
- feed tubing must be maintained submerged in the sample container to avoid air
- the sample is housed in an open container; therefore, the risk of
- a filter body having two junctions disposed on opposite sides of a filter.
- junction is adapted to receive a closed container in a fluid-tight, sealed
- the invention also minimizes the
- the device also includes a vacuum port communicating
- the pressure differential will allow a vacuum to draw the sample solution from the sample container through the filter and into the
- a passageway communicates with the upstream side of the
- the filter body has two mating threaded recesses disposed
- each recess having a raised annular ring
- the portion of the filter body between the two recesses includes a
- filter body communicate fluidically with the opposite sides of the membrane and
- One of the passageways is a vacuum port
- venting passageway is
- dimension passageway is enhanced by decreasing the surface energy of the
- Fig. 1 is a front elevation view of a preferred embodiment of a vacuum
- Fig. 2 is a detailed sectional view of the filter body of the device of Fig. 1 ;
- Fig. 3 is an exploded view of the filter body illustrating the assembly of the
- Fig. 4A is an enlarged sectional view of one embodiment of the venting
- Fig. 4B is an enlarged sectional view of another embodiment of the venting
- Figs. 5 A, B and C are a series of diagrammatic views illustrating the
- Fig. 6 is a sectional view of an alternate embodiment of a vacuum filter
- Fig. 7 is a sectional view of still another alternate embodiment of a vacuum
- Fig. 1 shows a vacuum filter device 10 which includes a filter body
- a junction to accept a closed sample container 15 for a biological fluid such as
- tissue culture media to be filtered and a closed filtrate container 16 for collecting
- the holder 13 includes a face plate 17 with a series of radially extending
- a particularly suitable microporous membrane is a 0.22 micron
- SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 23) cellulose, cellulose acetate, polycarbonate, polyvinylidene fluoride,
- microporous e.g. depth filters
- a depth filter in combination with a microporous membrane filter can be used.
- the plate 17 includes a membrane guard 20 formed as part of the holder.
- the guard 20 is formed as part of the holder.
- sample solution can flow through a series of openings 21 and then be
- a passageway 30 provides the fluid communication
- the filter body 11 has respective raised annular rings 22A, 22B which are
- filter matrix 24 within the central bore of the port 23.
- the matrix 24 is used to calculate the filter matrix 24 .
- a tube adapter 26 is
- venting passageway 25 is important to the proper
- venting passageway allows for mamt ⁇ ining the necessary pressure differential
- liquid-tight system of the present embodiment such as minimizing the risk of
- ⁇ P (P sarnp i e - P f ii trate ) where P samp i e is the air pressure in
- V sample relate to the gas within the sample container.
- Fig. 4A is formed in the filter body in a manner which creates a passageway
- the filter body is constructed
- a forming tool 50 is placed between the two holders prior to initiating
- This tool can take a variety of shapes depending on the desired
- FIG. 5B shows the holders
- the remote end of the forming tool can be slightly tapered such that as
- Injection molding methods generally provide the greatest dimensionality
- the sealing end of the pin will be peened over in time leading to flashing.
- Flashing is an uncontrollable, undesirable migration of plastic, which in this
- venting passageway to prevent solution from leaking out of the device during
- Fig. 4B shows the inclusion of a hydrophobic
- porous matrix Preferred forms of this matrix include porous hollow fiber
- membranes porous polymer rods or micro-bore tubing, all constructed from a
- the liner is formed in opposing surfaces 45, 46 of the respective holders 12, 13.
- the liner is then crimped in place without collapsing its lumen during the holder
- venting passageway need not be completely lined
- this attribute may be further enhanced by applying a hydrophobic treatment to the surfaces of the passageway, preferably in
- PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
- filtrate container 16 is screwed into the holder 13 against the angled surface of the
- the device 10 is then flipped over such that the sample container 15 is
- tubing 28 is connected to a vacuum pump (not shown) and a vacuum is applied to
- the unfiltered sample solution is then passed from the higher pressure sample container 15 through the membrane guard 20 and the
- the filtered solution flows through the opening 30 and collects as
- passageway 25 replaces the volume of sample solution that passes through the
- Fig. 6 shows an alternate embodiment of the device 10 wherein like
- container 15 is a passageway 60 whose dimensions are compatible with those
- a hydrophobic membrane 62 covers the opening of the passageway 60 to
- FIG. 7 shows still another embodiment similar to that of the Fig. 6
- the membrane 18 includes both a hydrophilic region 71 which separates
- the membrane is
Abstract
A vacuum filter device is disclosed which includes a filter body which is adapted to receive in fluid-tight, sealed relationship a pair of closed containers for solutions to be filtered by means of a membrane filter positioned within the filter body. A vacuum port in the filter body communicates with the downstream side of the membrane and a venting passageway also located in the filter body communicates with the closed sample container to serve as a vent to atmospheric pressure. The venting passageway is made of an air permeable hydrophobic filter or preferably a small enough opening to prevent the sample solutions from leaking out of the device during normal use.
Description
VACUUM FILTER DEVICE AND METHOD
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention generally relates to vacuum filter devices and
particularly to such devices for filtering liquids from one container through a
membrane and depositing the filtrate directly into another container. More
particularly, the invention relates to a liquid-tight filtration system in which
solutions, such as tissue culture media, are vacuum filtered.
Devices for filtering biological solutions generally involve three primary
components, i.e. a membrane filter interposed between two vessels, a feed
container located upstream of the membrane for holding the sample solution to be
filtered and a filtrate container located downstream of the membrane filter for
collecting the filtered sample solution. Often a vacuum is drawn downstream of
the membrane to increase the rate of filtration by creating a pressure differential
across the filter. However, in such cases provisions must be made to maintain the
pressure differential across the membrane and thus assuring that the filtration will
not stop.
The arrangement of components for vacuum filtration can take various
forms; however, especially in laboratory settings, ease of use, reduced storage
requirements and minimal disposable hardware are important concerns as is
avoiding spillage of the biological solution. In certain other applications,
preserving the sterility of the solution being filtered is also important.
An example of a vacuum filter device is described in U.S. Patent No.
4,673,501 wherein an open funnel for receiving a sample of solution to be filtered
is arranged to be sealed to the top of a bottle for collecting filtrate. The base of
the funnel includes a membrane filter positioned such that when the sample to be
filtered is poured into the top of the funnel all of the sample solution is directed to
flow through the membrane filter. A vacuum conduit which is adapted to be
connected to a vacuum source is formed within the base of the funnel and allows a
vacuum to be drawn within the filtrate bottle thereby drawing the sample solution
through the membrane filter. Since the pressure differential across the filter is
constant due to the application of a vacuum on the downstream side of the filter
and atmospheric pressure present on .the liquid surface of the open funnel, rapid
filtration is possible and any reduction in flow rate is due to filter fouling.
Nonetheless, vacuum filter devices of the type described in this patent suffer from
a number of drawbacks which make them inconvenient for laboratory use. First,
these devices require the liquid sample be transferred from its normal laboratory
container to an open funnel. Because of the liquid weight concentrated at the top
of this assembly, they are prone to tipping and hence spilling the biological
solution during pouring of sample or when connecting hoses. Aside from the
inconvenience to the user in handling the fluid to be filtered, there is an enhanced
risk of compromising the sterility of the particular biological solution due to the
open nature of this device. Moreover, the large size of these filter assemblies
results in their taking up limited laboratory storage space. In addition, since the
containers utilized in the filtration process are disposable and intended for one¬
time use, a significant amount of solid waste is generated by these filter
assemblies and the associated pre-and post-filtration containers.
To minimize the amount of solid waste and fluid transfers, U.S. Patent No.
5,141,639 describes a vacuum filter assembly wherein the membrane filter is
disposed in a cover sealable to the filtrate container. The cover is formed with a
feed port in the form of a tubular feed nipple on the upstream side of the
membrane filter. A length of tubing is connected at one end to the feed nipple
and the other end is directly inserted into a sample container housing the solution
to be filtered. The cover also includes a filtrate outlet port and a vacuum port,
both of which fluidically connect with the downstream side of the membrane
filter. When tubing is attached to the vacuum port and a vacuum is drawn the
sample solution to be filtered is caused to flow through the tubing and pass
through the membrane filter to the filtrate container. As is the case with the
aforementioned U. S. Patent No. 4,673,501, the pressure difference in this prior
art assembly remains constant because of the vacuum in the filtrate container and
the atmospheric pressure acting on the liquid surface in the open feed or sample
container. While this device minimizes the amount of solid waste generated
during filtration, it is cumbersome to use as the operator must assemble the tubing
to the cover and hold the cover on the filtrate container until the necessary
vacuum pressure has been achieved in the filtrate container. Additionally, the
feed tubing must be maintained submerged in the sample container to avoid air
being drawn into the sample solution which could disrupt the filtration. In
addition, the sample is housed in an open container; therefore, the risk of
compromising sterility is heightened.
Thus it is apparent that the need still exists for an improved vacuum filter
device that is easy to use, reduces the solid waste generated, minimizes the
number of times the fluid is transferred and reduces the risk of liquid spillage.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention overcomes the disadvantages and limitations of the
prior art by providing a vacuum filter device for filtering solutions which includes
a filter body having two junctions disposed on opposite sides of a filter. Each
junction is adapted to receive a closed container in a fluid-tight, sealed
relationship. Other aspects of the invention include provisions for foπning a
substantially liquid-tight filtration system and for reducing the risk of
contaminating the sample solution to be filtered. The invention also minimizes the
risk of spillage and contamination of the solution by eliminating fluid transfer
between open containers. The device also includes a vacuum port communicating
with the downstream side of the filter, and hence the filtrate container. When
connected to a vacuum source, the pressure differential will allow a vacuum to
draw the sample solution from the sample container through the filter and into the
filtrate container. To maintain the pressure differential necessary to continue the
flow of sample, a passageway communicates with the upstream side of the
membrane, and hence the sample container, to provide a vent to atmospheric
pressure.
In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention, two identical
laboratory containers, for example centrifuge tubes, are screwed onto opposite
sides of a filter body. The filter body has two mating threaded recesses disposed
along the central axis of the body, with each recess having a raised annular ring
for creating a fluid-tight seal with the top of the container when it is screwed into
the body. The portion of the filter body between the two recesses includes a
membrane filter bonded to a suitable support. Two passageways formed in the
filter body communicate fluidically with the opposite sides of the membrane and
ultimately with each of the containers. One of the passageways is a vacuum port
which communicates with the downstream side of the membrane and is adapted to
be connected to a vacuum source for enabling sample to be drawn through the
membrane filter and be collected as filtrate. The other passageway communicates
with the upstream side of the membrane (and the sample container) and serves as
a vent to atmospheric pressure.
When a sample solution is placed in the sample container and both the
sample container and an empty filtrate container are secured to the filter body, a
vacuum is applied to the vacuum port to create a pressure differential between the
two containers. This pressure differential causes sample fluid to pass through the
membrane filter from the sample container to the filtrate container. As the
volume of fluid in the sample container is reduced, air enters through the venting
passageway to maintain the pressure differential across the membrane so that
filtration continues uninterrupted until all the sample is filtered.
In accordance with one aspect of the invention particularly suitable for
applications where leaking of the solution is of concern, the venting passageway is
less than 0.015 inches in its smallest dimension. This passageway is made by
inserting a forming tool between the two halves of the filter body prior to the
integral joining process. Once the two halves have been joined, the foraiing tool
is removed and a passageway between the halves of the body is formed having
dimensions corresponding to that of the forming tool. The creation of such a
small dimension passageway, heretofore unattainable through conventional
molding and assembly techniques, allows it to be used in the filter device of the
present invention as a venting passageway without incorporating any other
structure such as a membrane covering the passageway to prevent solution from
leaking out of the filtration system during normal use. For purposes herein
normal use includes transporting containers witiiin the laboratory and tipping
containers either during use or while being transported.
In certain applications, the liquid-tight feature of the above mentioned small
dimension passageway is enhanced by decreasing the surface energy of the
passageway. This may be achieved by either inserting a hydrophobic liner into
the passageway or applying a hydrophobic surface treatment to all or a portion of
the internal surfaces of the passageway.
These and other aspects and advantages of the invention will become
apparent from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the
drawings.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Fig. 1 is a front elevation view of a preferred embodiment of a vacuum
filter device with laboratory containers coupled thereto in accordance with the
invention;
Fig. 2 is a detailed sectional view of the filter body of the device of Fig. 1 ;
Fig. 3 is an exploded view of the filter body illustrating the assembly of the
membrane filter;
Fig. 4A is an enlarged sectional view of one embodiment of the venting
passageway of the filter body of Fig. 2;
Fig. 4B is an enlarged sectional view of another embodiment of the venting
passageway of the filter body of Fig. 2;
Figs. 5 A, B and C are a series of diagrammatic views illustrating the
process of forming the venting passageway in the device of Fig. 1;
Fig. 6 is a sectional view of an alternate embodiment of a vacuum filter
device in accordance with the invention; and
Fig. 7 is a sectional view of still another alternate embodiment of a vacuum
filter device in accordance with the invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Fig. 1 shows a vacuum filter device 10 which includes a filter body
generally indicated by numeral 11 having a pair of axially disposed tubular
holders 12, 13 each having a threaded open end. The holders are bonded back-to-
back (see also Fig. 3) at interface 14 by any suitable welding technique such as
ultrasonic welding to form an integral body. The open end of the holders serve as
a junction to accept a closed sample container 15 for a biological fluid such as
tissue culture media to be filtered and a closed filtrate container 16 for collecting
the filtered sample (filtrate).
The holder 13 includes a face plate 17 with a series of radially extending
ribs 19 molded on the top surface of the plate which act as a support for a porous
membrane 18 which is welded at its periphery to the plate 17 prior to bonding the
two holders together. For applications involving the sterile filtration of tissue
culture media, a particularly suitable microporous membrane is a 0.22 micron
polyethersulfone membrane available from Millipore Corporation under the brand
name Express™. However, depending on the filtration application, the membrane
may be made from any other suitable polymeric materials such as mixed esters of
8
SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 23)
cellulose, cellulose acetate, polycarbonate, polyvinylidene fluoride,
polytetrafluoroethylene, nylon, polypropylene, polyethylene or the like. The use
of inorganic materials is also possible as well as filter structures that are not
microporous (e.g. depth filters). In some applications, a combination of filters
may provide improved performance. For example, for particularly dirty samples
a depth filter in combination with a microporous membrane filter can be used.
Referring also to Fig. 2, the bottom of the holder 12 which abuts the face
plate 17 includes a membrane guard 20 formed as part of the holder. The guard
is wagon-wheeled shaped such that when the two holders 12, 13 are bonded
together sample solution can flow through a series of openings 21 and then be
filtered by the membrane 18. A passageway 30 provides the fluid communication
link between the downstream side of the membrane 18 and the filtrate container
16.
The filter body 11 has respective raised annular rings 22A, 22B which are
molded within each of the holders 12, 13 near to their periphery. A vacuum port
23 in communication with the downstream side of the membrane 18 includes a
filter matrix 24 within the central bore of the port 23. The matrix 24 is used to
prevent the migration of contaminants such as bacteria or oil residues from
entering the filtrate during vacuum operation as well as to protect the vacuum
system from being contaminated by the filtered sample . A tube adapter 26 is
secured to the vacuum port. A venting passageway 25, the details of which are
best shown in Figs. 4 A and 4B, is formed at the interface 14 of the two holders
and is in fluid communication with the upstream side of the membrane and
provides a vent for the sample container 15.
The inclusion of the venting passageway 25 is important to the proper
operation of the vacuum filter device 10 because the sample container 15 is a
closed vessel and the overall filter device is of liquid-tight construction. The
venting passageway allows for mamtøining the necessary pressure differential
across the filter, a feature attributed to the previously described prior art because
of the open nature of their feed containers at a sacrifice of the benefits of the
liquid-tight system of the present embodiment, such as minimizing the risk of
spills and contamination. While a closed sample container would be able to start
the filtration process, it would not provide commercially acceptable performance
over the course of filtration. To explain, the closed sample container starts the
filtration process with an internal starting pressure at atmospheric pressure. As
vacuum is applied to the vacuum port 23, the pressure differential (ΔP) across the
membrane is defined by ΔP = (Psarnpie - Pfiitrate) where Psampie is the air pressure in
the sample container and Pflltrate is the air pressure in the filtrate container.
Initially, Psample =Pfiltrate = PatmosPhe.e; however, as fluid is drawn through the
membrane 18 to the filtrate container 16 the sample volume is being reduced. In
a closed system, this reduction in the amount of sample in the sample container
over time ti to t2 translates to a reduction in pressure, as governed by the
pressure/volume relationship (Psam≠e(tl) Vsample(tl) = P^p^t.) Vsample(t2)) where Psample
and Vsample relate to the gas within the sample container. As the pressure in the
sample container is reduced, the ΔP is lessened thereby slowing the flow rate. If
allowed to continue Psampie w < equal Pfiitrate resulting in no flow. To insure the
maximum ΔP and hence the greatest flow rate, the sample container needs to be
maintained as close to Patmosphere as possible. With the present invention, this goal
is achieved by the venting passageway connecting the sample container with the
outside atmospheric pressure.
In accordance with an important aspect of the invention involving
substantially liquid-tight filtration applications, the venting passageway as shown
in Fig. 4A is formed in the filter body in a manner which creates a passageway
whose smallest dimension is 0.015 inches or less. Details of the techniques used
to create this small dimension passageway in the filter body 11 are best discussed
with reference to Figs. 5 A, B and C. As discussed, the filter body is constructed
by ultrasonically welding the two holders 12, 13 at the interface 14. As shown in
Fig. 5 A, a forming tool 50 is placed between the two holders prior to initiating
the weld process. This tool can take a variety of shapes depending on the desired
dimensions of the orifice. In this embodiment a circular wire of diameter 0.015
inches is used, although it will be understood that forms of rectangular cross-
section or even other geometries may be employed. Fig. 5B shows the holders
placed together with the forming tool in position as ultrasonic energy is applied.
After the holders are welded together, the forming tool is removed leaving a
through-hole whose dimensions correspond to that of the tool. To assist in the
removal, the remote end of the forming tool can be slightly tapered such that as
the minimum force required to begin disengaging the forming tool is applied the
remainder of the tool will more readily be removed from the interface 14 between
the two holders.
Injection molding methods generally provide the greatest dimensional
control of shape with plastic parts. To apply conventional molding techniques in
the present instance, it would be desirable to mold a passageway in the wall
section of the filter body 11 remote from the joining surfaces of the two holders
12, 13 in order to eliminate the deformation of the passageway during assembly
thereby retaining the dimensional control. However, conventional molding
processing techniques would not allow a passageway that is molded into the wall
of the holder 12 to be 0.015 inches or less. This is because as the molten plastic
enters the mold cavity the pin used to create the passageway would deflect leading
to fatigue and breakage. Also, for the pin to seal off against the other wall of the
cavity, the sealing end of the pin will be peened over in time leading to flashing.
Flashing is an uncontrollable, undesirable migration of plastic, which in this
example will lead to filling and dimensionally distorting the venting passageway
25.
If, instead of molding a passageway in the wall of the filter body 11 as
discussed above, an attempt were made to mold an interruption or notch on the
joining surrfaces of the holders 12, 13 with dimensions of 0.015 inches or less,
the joining process, whether it be vibrational, thermal or chemical, would distort
or even close the passageway because the two surfaces are joined by softening and
moving the plastic together followed by a stabilization period. The plastic that
moves during joining will be squeezed into available areas, such as the void
created by the molded in interruption. Also the direction of movement of the
plastic during the joining process is not controllable. Thus as the plastic moves
into the interruption it will dimensionally change the shape and possibly close the
interruption altogether.
The use of a forming tool during the joining process provides for a
dimensionally controlled geometry that is independent of the molding process and
controllable with a variety of joining processes in addition to the ultrasonic
welding process of the embodiment described, such as vibration bonding, radiant
heat and other fusion bonding processes as well as solvent bonding.
The ability to form the venting passageway 25 with dimensions of 0.015
inches or less provides significant advantages in that the filtration device maintains
its liquid-tight capabilities without employing an additional membrane covering
the venting passageway to prevent solution from leaking out of the device during
normal use.
In some applications where the solution to be filtered has low surface
tension which allows the solution to readily wet surfaces, such as solutions
containing surfactants, it may be advantageous to impart hydrophobic properties
to all or a portion of the venting passageway 25. One way to maintain the liquid-
tight attributes of the present invention in such applications is to decrease the
surface energy of the passageway. Fig. 4B shows the inclusion of a hydrophobic
liner 44 positioned in the venting passageway 25 which serves as a hydrophobic
porous matrix. Preferred forms of this matrix include porous hollow fiber
membranes, porous polymer rods or micro-bore tubing, all constructed from a
suitable hydrophobic resin. To fabricate the filter body 11 with the liner 44, a
molded slot of predetermined dimension and geometry sufficient to encapsulate
the liner is formed in opposing surfaces 45, 46 of the respective holders 12, 13.
The liner is then crimped in place without collapsing its lumen during the holder
joining process to provide fluid communication between the sample container 15
and the outside atmospheric pressure. Use of a hydrophobic liner allows the
materials of the filter body to be selected based on economics or specific material
properties. As mentioned, the venting passageway need not be completely lined
but only imparted with hydrophobic properties along a portion of the passageway.
Since the liquid-tight characteristic of the present invention is enhanced
when the small dimension venting passage 25 described in accordance with the
embodiment of Fig. 4A is utilized, this attribute may be further enhanced by
applying a hydrophobic treatment to the surfaces of the passageway, preferably in
liquid form during assembly of the Fig. 4A embodiment. A hydrophobic solution
such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) in suspension may be applied to the
forming tool 50 before the tool is inserted between the holders 12, 13. When the
tool is removed after weld energy is applied, a film of the PTFE remains on the
inner surfaces of the venting passageway. The hydrophobic liquid treatment
decreases the surface energy and prevents leakage of the sample solution during
normal laboratory use.
In operation, a sample solution to be filtered is deposited in the sample
container 15 and is screwed tightly onto the holder 12 with the open end of the
sample container being held upward until the upper lip of the container is
squeezed against the angled surface of the ring 22A. Tightly screwing the
container to the filter body 11 creates a fluid-tight seal. In similar fashion, the
filtrate container 16 is screwed into the holder 13 against the angled surface of the
ring 22B. For sterile filtration of tissue culmre, the filtrate container and the filter
body are pre-sterilized prior to coupling them together.
The device 10 is then flipped over such that the sample container 15 is
oriented upward with respect to the filter body 11 as shown in Fig. 1. A length of
tubing 28 is connected to a vacuum pump (not shown) and a vacuum is applied to
port 23 and the filtrate container is evacuated of air and the pressure therein
correspondingly reduced. The unfiltered sample solution is then passed from the
higher pressure sample container 15 through the membrane guard 20 and the
membrane 18. The filtered solution flows through the opening 30 and collects as
filtrate in the filtrate container 16. To maintain the pressure differential, which
serves as a driving force, air at atmospheric pressure enters through the venting
passageway 25 and replaces the volume of sample solution that passes through the
membrane. The dimensions of the venting passageway discussed with respect to
the embodiment shown in Fig 4A are so small that sample does not leak out from
the sample container 15, thus preserving the liquid-tight nature of the filtration
device.
Fig. 6 shows an alternate embodiment of the device 10 wherein like
numerals refer to the same elements as those shown in Fig. 1. The construction
and operation is similar to the Fig. 1 embodiment except the vent for the sample
container 15 is a passageway 60 whose dimensions are compatible with those
derived from conventional molding techniques (i.e. > 0.015 inches). In this
instance a hydrophobic membrane 62 covers the opening of the passageway 60 to
keep sample solution from spilling out of as well as preventing microbes from
entering the container 15. Thus when used with a sterilizing grade filter such as
the aforementioned Express™ membrane, the filtration system of this embodiment
represents a sterile, closed system which maintains the sterility of the solutions
being processed.
Fig. 7 shows still another embodiment similar to that of the Fig. 6
embodiment except that no vent membrane is used to cover passageway 70.
Instead the membrane 18 includes both a hydrophilic region 71 which separates
the two closed containers 15, 16 and a hydrophobic region 72 which is in direct
fluid communication with the passageway 70. In this instance the membrane is
also sealed to the face plate 17 at bonding point 73 in the vicinity of the interface
between the hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions. To assure that the hydrophobic
region forms an integral seal with the passageway, the membrane seal at point 73
must straddle both the hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions. As vacuum is drawn
through the port 23, the sample solution will flow through the hydrophilic region
of the membrane. At the same time air enters the passageway 70 and ultimately
passes into the sample container 15 through the hydrophobic region of the
membrane. This embodiment thus presents the same attributes of liquid-tight and
sterile sealed filtration as that of the embodiment shown in Fig. 6.
Claims
1. A vacuum filter device comprising:
a filter body having two junctions disposed from one another, each of said
junctions adapted to receive respective closed containers;
each of said junctions including sealing means for creating a fluid tight
closed system when said containers are coupled to said body, one of said
containers for housing a fluid to be filtered and the other of said containers for
receiving the filtered fluid;
a filter secured within said body;
a vacuum port extending through said body and communicating with the
downstream side of said filter, said port adapted to be connected to a vacuum
source for drawing said fluid from said one container through said filter; and
a passageway extending through said body and communicating with the
upstream side of said filter.
2. The device of Claim 1 wherein said filter body is of circular cross-section
and said passageway extends radially inward from the periphery of said body.
3. The device of Claim 2 wherein said passageway is of circular cross-section
and has a diameter of 0.015 inches or less.
4. The device of Claim 2 wherein said passageway is of rectangular cross-
section and the smallest dimension of said passageway is 0.015 inches or less.
5. The device of Claim 1 wherein said filter is a microporous membrane.
6. The device of Claim 1 wherein said filter is a depth filter.
7. The device of Claim 1 wherein said filter is a combination of a
microporous membrane and a depth filter.
8. The device of Claim 1 including a hydrophobic membrane integrally
sealing said passageway.
9. The device of Claim 1 including a hydrophobic porous matrix positioned
within said passageway.
10. The device of Claim 1 including a hydrophobic tube positioned within said
passageway.
11. The device of Claim 1 wherein at least a portion of the surfaces of said
passageway are hydrophobic.
12. The device of Claim 1 wherein said filter is a microporous membrane
which is segmented into hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions.
13. The device of Claim 12 wherein said hydrophilic region separates said
closed containers and said hydrophobic region integrally seals said passageway.
14. The device of Claim 1 wherein said filter body is of circular cross-section,
said junctions are threaded holders axially disposed from each other and said
containers having mating threads for engaging said recess.
15. The device of Claim 14 wherein said sealing means comprises a raised
annular ring adapted to engage said containers to form a compressive fit between
said ring and the wall of said holders when said containers are threaded therein.
16. The device of Claim 14 wherein said sealing means comprises an
elastomeric gasket positioned within the base of said holders.
17. The device of Claim 1 including a prefilter matrix disposed upstream of
said filter.
18. A method of forming a passageway at the interface of two plastic
components of a filter device comprising the steps of:
inserting a forming tool at the interface between said plastic components
prior to integrally joining said components, said tool being of dimensions
corresponding to that of said passageway;
integrally joining said components together; and
removing said forming tool after said components are joined together.
19. The method of Claim 18 wherein said forming tool is tapered at least in the
region first inserted into said interface to facilitate removal after said components
are joined together.
20. The method of Claim 19 wherein said forming tool is of circular cross-
section.
21. The method of Claim 20 wherein said passageway has a diameter less than
0.015 inches.
22. The method of Claim 19 wherein said forming tool is of rectangular cross-
section.
23. The method of Claim 22 wherein the smallest dimension of said
passageway is less than 0.015 inches.
24. The method of Claim 18 wherein said components are joined by ultrasonic
welding.
25. The method of Claim 18 wherein said components are joined by vibration
bonding.
26. The method of Claim 18 wherein said components are joined by thermal
fusion.
27. The method of Claim 18 wherein said components are joined by solvent
bonding.
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE69614001T DE69614001T2 (en) | 1995-05-19 | 1996-05-16 | VACUUM FILTER DEVICE AND METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF |
EP96920334A EP0873174B1 (en) | 1995-05-19 | 1996-05-16 | Vacuum filter device and method of manufacturing such device |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US08/444,493 | 1995-05-19 | ||
US08/444,493 US5603900A (en) | 1995-05-19 | 1995-05-19 | Vacuum filter device |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1996036428A1 true WO1996036428A1 (en) | 1996-11-21 |
Family
ID=23765138
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US1996/007316 WO1996036428A1 (en) | 1995-05-19 | 1996-05-16 | Vacuum filter device and method |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (3) | US5603900A (en) |
EP (2) | EP1074292B1 (en) |
DE (2) | DE69614001T2 (en) |
ES (2) | ES2220314T3 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1996036428A1 (en) |
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GB9422504D0 (en) * | 1994-11-08 | 1995-01-04 | Robertson Patricia M B | Blood testing |
US5603900A (en) * | 1995-05-19 | 1997-02-18 | Millipore Investment Holdings Limited | Vacuum filter device |
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US5725763A (en) * | 1996-06-24 | 1998-03-10 | Millipore Corporation | Vacuum filtration device sealable vacuum vent |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US5603900A (en) | 1997-02-18 |
DE69614001D1 (en) | 2001-08-23 |
DE69633029D1 (en) | 2004-09-02 |
US5792425A (en) | 1998-08-11 |
EP0873174B1 (en) | 2001-07-18 |
DE69614001T2 (en) | 2002-03-14 |
US5873967A (en) | 1999-02-23 |
DE69633029T2 (en) | 2005-07-21 |
EP0873174A1 (en) | 1998-10-28 |
ES2220314T3 (en) | 2004-12-16 |
EP1074292A1 (en) | 2001-02-07 |
EP1074292B1 (en) | 2004-07-28 |
EP1074292A8 (en) | 2001-06-06 |
ES2159359T3 (en) | 2001-10-01 |
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