WO1997008999A1

WO1997008999A1 - Internal bone fracture fixator

Info

Publication number: WO1997008999A1
Application number: PCT/US1996/014442
Authority: WO
Inventors: Richard F. Kyle; Richard H. Clewett; Drew D. Wright
Original assignee: Depuy Ace Medical Company
Priority date: 1995-09-08
Filing date: 1996-09-09
Publication date: 1997-03-13
Also published as: AU6971396A

Abstract

A supracondylar compression fixator (28) for fixing fractures of a condyle (26) includes an elongate plate portion (40) and a head portion (44) extending from the plate portion (40). The elongate plate portion (40) has a length and a width and defines apertures (60) extending through the plate portion (40) along the length of the plate portion (40) for receiving bone screws (30) to fasten the fixator to a shaft of femur (24) having the fractured condyle (26). The head portion (44) includes a barrel portion (48) and a supporting portion (50). The barrel portion (48) extends from the plate portion (40) and supports a barrel (46) extending perpendicular from the barrel portion (48). The barrel (46) has a generally cylindrical inner surface configured for slidably receiving an end of both keyed and non-keyed lag screws (32). The cylindrical inner surface further defines at least one keyway (108) along a length of the barrel (46) for receiving a key of a keyed lag screw to prevent rotation of the keyed lag screw and for also allowing rotation of a non-keyed lag screw. The supporting portion (50) extends from the barrel portion (48) away from the plate portion (40). The supporting portion (50) defines at least one aperture (98) circumjacent to the barrel of the barrel portion for receiving bone screws to fasten the fixator to a portion of the condyle.

Description

ENTERNAL BONE FRACTURE FIXATOR

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to internal bone fracture flxators. In particular, the present invention relates to a bone fracture fixator having a barrel configured for receiving both keyed and keyless lag screws. In addition, the present invention relates to a supracondylar compression fixator having a tube for receiving a lag screw and having a support portion defining at least one aperture circumjacent the tube for receiving bone screws to fasten the fixator to a portion of the condyle. The femur, otherwise known as the thigh bone, generally comprises an elongate shaft extending from the hip to the knee. The proximal end of the shaft includes a head, a neck, a greater trochanter and a lesser trochanter. The head of the femur fits into a concavity of the hip bone to form a ball and socket joint at the hip. The distal end of the femur includes a medial condyle and a femoral condyle. The condyles engage an upper end of the tibia to form the knee joint. Overall, the femur is the longest and strongest bone in the skeleton. However, portions of the femur are extremely susceptible to fracturing.

Fractures of the femur occur in both the proximal portion of the femur and the distal portion of the femur. Fractures of the proximal portion of the femur (hip fractures) are generally classified as femoral neck fractures, intertrochanteric fractures and subtrochanteric fractures. Fractures of the distal portion of the femur (knee fractures) are referred to as supracondylar fractures. Supracondylar fractures generally extend vertically between the condylars at the lower end of the femur to separate the distal portion of the femur into two main bone fragments. This fracture line may be further comminuted to create a plurality of smaller bone fragments.

Operational treatment of the fractures requires that the fractures be internally fixed and possibly compressed. Typically, the fractures are fixed and compressed with a lag screw inserted across the particular fracture line and supported by a plate mounted along the shaft of the bone or femur. When the proximal portion or the distal portion of the femur is fractured into two main bone fragments, a tube-plate fixator comprising a plate having a tube or barrel extending from a lower end of the plate is utilized to fix and compress the main bone fragments. The tube slidably receives an end of the lag screw. In such arrangements, the lag screw further includes a threaded interior for threadably receiving a compression screw. The compression screw is inserted through the tube and into the threaded bore of the lag screw so that rotation of the compression screw retracts the lag screw towards the plate to compress the two main bone fragments.

Although conventional tube-plate fixators provide rigid support for fixing and compressing the two main bone fragments caused by a vertical fracture line, conventional tube-plate fixators are not capable of fixing the plurality of additional smaller bone fragments created by comminuted fracture lines. Because tube-plate fixators support only one lag screw, the tube-plate fixator is capable of only fixing one main vertical fracture line. Furthermore, because the portion of the plate supporting the tube has a deminimus area, conventional tube-plate fixators lack sufficient buttressing area for adequately stabilizing the additional smaller bone fragments caused by comminuted fracture lines. In cases where the fracture lines are further comminuted to create a plurality of additional smaller bone fragments, fracture plates are used in lieu of conventional tube-plate fixators. Fracture plates mount to the femur and define a plurality of apertures at one end for supporting a plurality lag screws. Typically, tube-plate fixators have one of two distinct barrel-lag screw configurations to fix and compress vertical fractures: keyless and keyed barrel-lag screw configurations. Keyless barrel-lag screw configurations utilize barrels with generally cylindrical inner surfaces and lag screws having corresponding cylindrical ends which are slidable and rotatable within the barrels. Because the lag screw is rotatable within the barrel, the barrel may be easily positioned over an end of the lag screw once the lag screw is screwed into the fractured bone. As a result, placement of the fixators is simplified.

Although simpler to implant, keyless barrel-lag screw configurations permit the lag screw and the coupled bone fragments to rotate with respect to the barrel. Once the lag screw is inserted across the vertical fracture line, the lag screw is subject to extreme forces which may cause the lag screw and its coupled bone fragments to rotate with respect to the barrel or tube of the plate. To prevent undesirable rotation of bone fragments, the lag screws and barrels are keyed to one another. The keyed configuration prevents rotation of the lag screw with respect to the barrel by forming a protuberance on the generally cylindrical inner surface of the barrel and by forming a corresponding detent on the cylindrical outer surface of the lag screw so that the end of the lag screw and the barrel mate in a non-rotatable relationship. For example, a keyed barrel-lag screw configuration may comprise a barrel having a rectangular inner surface and a lag screw having a rectangular outer surface to prevent rotation of the lag screw with respect to the barrel. Although keyed tube-lag screw configurations prevent rotation of the lag screw with respect to the barrel, placement of the plate and the barrel adjacent the femur and over the end of the lag screw is more difficult because the corresponding non-cylindrical shapes require the inner surface of the barrel and the outer surface of the lag screw to be in exact alignment for the end of the lag screw to be received within the barrel.

Present day keyless and keyed barrel-lag screw configurations have one severe drawback, lack of interchangeability. Because the barrel of a keyed barrel-lag screw configuration includes a protuberance or obtrusive portion projecting into the bore of the barrel for keying with a keyed lag screw, the keyed barrel of the fixator cannot receive the generally smooth cylindrical end of a keyless lag screw. Thus, separate fixators are required to accommodate keyed and keyless lag screws. As a result, separate inventories of relatively expensive, space consuming fixators for both configurations must be maintained.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention is an improved system for internally fixing bone fractures. An improved supracondylar fixator for fixing fractures of a condyle. The improved fixator includes an elongate plate portion and a head portion. The elongate plate portion has a length and a width and defines apertures extending through the plate portion along the length of the plate portion for receiving bone screws to fasten the fixator to a shaft or femur having the fractured condyle. The head portion includes a first supporting portion and a second supporting portion. The first supporting portion extends from the plate portion and supports a tube or banel extending perpendicular from the first supporting portion. The second supporting portion extends from the first supporting portion away from the plate portion. The second supporting plate portion defines at least one aperture circumjacent to the tube of the first supporting portion for receiving bone screws to fasten the fixator to a portion of the condyle.

In a more preferred embodiment, the fixator has a barrel with a cylindrical inner surface for rotatably and slidably receiving a cylindrical end of a keyless lag screw. The cylindrical inner surface further defines a keyway along at least a portion of the length of the barrel for allowing the banel to slidably receive a keyed lag screw to prevent rotation of the keyed lag screw. As a result, the fixator of the present invention is usable with both keyed and non-keyed lag screws.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an internal fixating system mounted to a distal end of a femur. FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a fixator of the internal fixating system of FIG. 1.

FIG. 3 is a top plan view of the fixator. FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the fixator. FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the fixator taken along line 5~

5 of FIG. 4.

FIG. 6 is a fragmentary cross-sectional view of a keyed lag screw of the internal fixating system of FIG. 1.

FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of the keyed lag screw taken along line 7-7 of FIG. 6.

FIG. 8 is a top plan view of the keyed lag screw. FIG. 9 is a fragmentary cross-sectional view of a keyless lag screw.

FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of the internal fixating system mounted to a distal end of a femur.

FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of the internal fixating system taken along line 11-11 of FIG. 10.

FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view of an alternate embodiment of the fixator of FIGS. 2-5. FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view of the fixator taken along line

13-13 of FIG. 12.

FIG. 14 is a perspective view of the keyed lag screw of FIGS. 6- 8 coupled to the fixator of FIG. 12.

FIG. 15 is a top plan view of the lag screw and fixator of FIG. 14.

FIG. 16 is a partial cross-sectional view of the lag screw and fixator of HG. 14.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an intemal fixating system 20 implanted and mounted to distal end 22 of femur 24 having a shaft portion 25 and condyle 26. Fixating system 20 generally includes: fixator 28, bone screws 30, keyed lag screw 32, compression screw 34, and supplemental lag screws 38. Fixator 28 is mounted to femur 22 and generally includes plate portion 40, head 44 and tube or banel 46. As best shown by FIG. 1 , plate portion 40 is an elongated member coupled to head 44 and barrel 46. Plate portion 40 is mounted to femur 22 by bone screws 30. Fixator 28 is preferably formed from a titanium alloy. Altematively, fixator 28 may be formed from another material.

Head 44 extends from plate portion near condyles 26 of femur 22. Head 44 is generally circular in shape, somewhat in the shape of a baseball catcher's mitt, and includes barrel portion 48 and support portion 50. Banel portion 48 is generally the central portion of head 22 and supports banel 46 and keyed lag screw 32. As can be appreciated, banel portion 48 may altematively be off set or eccentric.

Support portion 50 extends outward from banel portion 48 and generally away from plate portion 40. Support portion 50 supports and maintains supplemental lag screws 38. Supplemental lag screws 38 extend through support portion 50 and extend across comminuted fracture lines into smaller bone fragments. Supplemental lag screws 38 threadably engage bone fragments to pull the bone fragments toward support portion 50 of head 44. As a result, smaller bone fragments are also compressed and fixed by supplemental lag screws 38. Support portion 50 further provides a buttressing surface for abutting femur 24 adjacent condyles 26.

Barrel 46 is generally tubular in shape and extends from head 44 into femur 24. Preferably, banel 44 does not extend across a vertical fracture line. Banel 46 slidably receives keyed lag screw 32. Banel 46 preferably has an inner diameter sized in close tolerance with an outer diameter of keyed lag screw 32 to prevent wobbling or inadvertent movement of keyed lag screw 32 within banel 46. Barrel 46 rigidly supports keyed lag screw 32 with respect to fixator 28. As a result, barrel 46 provides additional strength to the compression and fixation of the main bone fragments separated by a vertical fracture line.

Keyed lag screw 32 includes a keyed end (not shown) slidably received within banel 46 of fixator 28. Keyed lag screw 32 extends across a vertical fracture line and threadably engages main bone fragments separated by a vertical fracture line. Keyed lag screw 32 further includes a threaded inner bore (not shown in Figure 1) partially extending into the keyed end and sized for threadably receiving compression screw 34. Keyed lag screw 32 is preferably formed from pure titanium or an alloy thereof. Altematively, keyed lag screw 30 may be replaced with a keyless lag screw which includes a smooth cylindrical keyless end (not shown) slidably received within banel 46 of fixator 28.

Compression screw 34 is conventionally known and extends through banel 46. Compression screw 34 is threadably received within the threaded inner bore of keyed lag screw 32. Rotation of compression screw 34 causes the keyed end of keyed lag screw 32 to retract within banel 46 towards head 44 and plate portion 40 of the fixator to compress main bone fragments of condyle 26 towards one another. Banel 46 guides the retraction of lag screw 32 during compression of the bone fragments. Compression screw 34 is preferably formed from a titanium or an alloy thereof.

Fixator 28 is versatile and provides strong, stable support for fixing and compressing bone fractures. Banel 46 of fixator 28 provides increased strength for fixing and compressing main bone fragments. Because support portion 50 extends partially about banel 46 and provides additional buttressing area in contact with femur 24, support portion 50 better stabilizes head 44 of fixator 28 on the surface of condyles 26 of femur 24. In addition, support portion 50 adds versatility to the use of fixator 28. Because support portion 50 of head 44 provides a buttressing surface for supporting supplemental lag screws 38, fixator 28 is also capable of fixing and compressing smaller bone fragments caused by comminuted fractures. Fixator 28 may be used to solely fix and compress main bone fragments caused by a vertical fracture line. If necessary, fixator 28 may also be utilized to fix and compress additional smaller bone fragments by using supplemental lag screws 38.

FIGS. 2-4 illustrate fixator 28 of Figure 1 in greater detail. FIG. 2 is a perspective view of fixator 28. Figure 3 is a top plan view of fixator 28. FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of fixator 28. As best shown by FIGS. 2-4, plate portion 40 of fixator 28 is a generally elongated member defining apertures 60 and having a first side 70, a second side 72, a bottom surface 74, a top surface 76, a proximal end 78 and a distal end 80. The bottom surface 74 of plate portion 40 is preferably contoured so as to abut and conform with the curved surface of femur 24 (shown in FIG. 1). Preferably, bottom surface 74 is concave along a line parallel to a length of plate portion 40. Top surface 76 is preferably flattened along its length to provide a flatter, lower profile when implanted adjacent the surface of femur 24. Apertures 60 extend through plate portion between bottom surface 74 and top surface 76 and are sized for receiving bone screws 30 (shown in FIG. 1) so that fixator 28 may be secured to shaft portion 25 of femur 12. Apertures 60 are preferably provided with counter sunk holes 82 sized for receiving heads of bone screws 30. As a result, the contour of fixator 28 along top surface 76 has a low, smooth profile.

Distal end 80 of plate portion 40 preferably extends towards top surface 76 at an angle of about 164° with respect to the plane of the proximal end of plate portion. As a result, head 44 is raised with respect to plate portion 40 and conforms better to the shape of the distal end 22 of femur 24 and condyles 26 (shown in FIG. 1). Head 44 integrally extends from distal end 80 of plate portion 40. Alternatively, head may be fixed or slidably coupled to plate portion 40 for modular assembly and adjustment of the length of fixator 28. As best shown by FIGS. 2-4, banel portion 48 of head 44 comprises a portion of head 44 immediately sunounding and circumjacent to banel 46. Banel portion 48 is preferably centrally located along an axial center line of plate portion 40. Barrel portion 48 defines a central bore 86 in communication with barrel 46. As can be appreciated, barrel portion 48 may alternatively be off-set with respect to the axial center line of plate portion 40 and the center of head 44. Support portion 50 comprises the portion of head 44 extending from barrel portion 48 away from plate portion 40. In particular, support portion 50 extends beyond both first and second sides 70 and 72 of plate portion 40 and distally away from distal end 80 of plate portion 40. Support portion 50 is preferably in the shape of a baseball catcher's mitt and includes circular portion 88 and thumb portion 90. Circular portion 88 extends away from first side 70 of plate portion and preferably has a radius greater than one-half of a width of plate portion 40 between first side 70 and second side 72. Circular portion 88 preferably extends from first side 70 of plate portion 40 to a location between about 135° and 180° from the axial center line of plate portion 40. Thumb portion 90 of the "catcher's mitt" configuration extends from banel portion 48 away from second side 72 of plate portion 40. Preferably, thumb portion 90 extends from second side 72 of plate portion 40 in a direction between about 130° and 150° from a axial center line of plate portion 40. Circular portion 88 and thumb portion 90 are separated by a notch or gap 92 formed on a distal end 94 of head 44 opposite plate portion 40. Gap 92 is preferably positioned and sized to accommodate a popliteus muscle or cruciate ligament of the knee joint. Circular portion 88 and thumb portion 90 of support portion 50 define a plurality of apertures 98 for receiving supplemental lag screws 38 (shown in FIG. 1). Apertures 98 extend through support portion 50 and preferably include counter-sunk holes 100 for receiving heads of supplemental lag screws 38. Apertures 98 are preferably positioned circumjacent banel portion 48, central bore 86 and banel 46. Because apertures are circumferentially positioned about bore 86 of head 44 and barrel 46, stress from lag screws 38 is evenly distributed about banel 46 and head 44. Because circular portion 88 and thumb portion 90 of support portion 50 provide locations for supporting a plurality of lag screws 38 about banel 46, multiple smaller bone fractures may be fixed and compressed by supplemental lag screws 38 in conjunction with the stronger compression of a vertical fracture line provided by banel 46. As best shown by FIG. 4, support portion 50 of head 44 preferably has a concave bottom surface 96 for abutting a surface of the condyle. As a result, support portion 50 better stabilizes head 44 of fixator 28 for more secure positioning of fixator 28 against the bone and for more secure positioning of supplemental lag screws 38 (shown in FIG. 1) in the fractured bone. As can be appreciated, support portion 50 of head may have any one of a variety of shapes and configurations. For example, support portion may altematively comprise a single arm or a plurality of arms or fingers projecting from central portion 50 in any one of various directions away from banel portion 48 and plate portion 40.

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of banel 46 taken along line 5-5 of FIG. 4. As best shown by FIG. 5, banel 46 is generally tubular in shape and includes a wall 102 which defines a generally cylindrical inner surface 104 and which has a substantially annular cross-section. Inner surface 104 includes arcuate portions 106 and detents 108. Arcuate portions 106 of inner surface 104 extend between detents 108 and partially define a generally circular bore 110 through banel 46 for the reception of a lag screw. Bore 110 of banel 46 is in communication with central bore 86 of head 44. Arcuate portions 106 of surface 104 are concentrically spaced from a center of bore 110 so as to have an inner diameter in close tolerance with an outer diameter of the lag screw received within bore 110. Arcuate portions 106 of surface 104 engage the lag screw to concentrically center the lag screw within bore 110 for guiding the lag screw within banel 46 and for preventing substantial radial movement of the lag screw within banel 46.

Detents 108 are formed along inner surface 104 between arcuate portions 106. Detents 108 generally comprise depressions or notches extending from arcuate portion 106 of surface 104 outward into wall 102 away from the center of bore 110. Detents 108 extend from a lower end 112 of banel 46 towards head 44 along the entire length of banel 46. Each detent 108 defines an elongated keyway along inner surface 104 of barrel 46. Detents 108 are shaped, sized and radially located for receiving keys or lugs on lag screws 32. Each detent 108 receives a key or lug projecting from a lag screw when the lag screw is inserted into bore 110 through end 112 so that banel 46 and the particular lag screw may engage one another in a slidable yet non-rotatable fashion to prevent rotation of the lag screw and its coupled bone fragments with respect to banel 46 and fixator 28. In the prefened embodiment illustrated, banel 46 includes two opposite detents 108 extending into wall 102 for receiving a pair of opposite keys or lugs on a lag screw. As can be appreciated, depending upon the lag screw configuration, banel 46 may altematively have one or several detents 108 formed within wall 102.

Because detents 108 extend into wall 102 of banel 46, detents 108 do not obtrude into the generally circular cross-section of bore 110 substantially defined by arcuate portions 106. As a result, bore 110 is also capable of receiving smooth, cylindrical keyless ends of non-keyed lag screws. Thus, banel 46 of fixator 28 is usable with both keyed and keyless lag screws. Banel 46 of fixator 28 provides an orthopedic surgeon flexibility in the selection of keyed and non-keyed banel-lag screw configurations. Consequently, banel 46 of fixator 28 enables a single inventory of versatile fixators 28 to be maintained regardless of whether keyed or keyless lag screws are selected for fixing a bone fragment.

FIGS. 6-8 illustrate keyed lag screw 32 in greater detail. FIG. 6 is a fragmentary cross-sectional view of keyed lag screw 32. FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of keyed lag screw 32 taken along line 7—7 of FIG. 6. FIG. 8 is a top plane view of keyed lag screw 32. As discussed above, banel 46 of fixator 28 (shown in FIGS. 2-5) is capable of slidably receiving keyed lag screw 32. As shown by FIG. 6, keyed lag screw 32 includes threaded end 126, keyed end 128 and bore 130. Threaded end 126 includes threads 132 for being threaded into a main bone fragment for fixing and lagging the main bone fragment for compression.

Keyed end 128 extends from threaded end 126 and includes a generally smooth cylindrical outer surface 134, lugs or keys 136a-136d and depressions 135. Cylindrical outer surface 134 circumferentially extends around keyed end 128 axially between keys 136a, 136c and keys 136b, 136d, axially between keys 136b, 136d and threaded end 126, and axially between keys 136a, 136c and an end of keyed end 128. Outer surface 134 has a diameter equal or slightly less than the diameter of arcuate portions 106 of banel 46 (shown in FIG. 5). Outer surface 134 engages arcuate portions 106 to rigidly secure keyed lag screw 32 within banel 46.

Depressions 135 circumferentially extend around keyed end 128 circumferentially between keys 136a-136d. Depressions 135 preferably have a maximum depth of about 0.003 inches and an axial length slightly larger than the axial length of keys 136. Depressions 135 reduce friction between keyed end 128 of shaft 32 and banel 46 of fixator 28. As a result, lag screw 32 is more easily inserted into banel 46 and more easily retracted during compression of the main bone fragments.

Keys 136a-136d extend outward away from an axial center line of lag screw 32. Keys 136a-136d have a height equal to or less than the depth of detents 108 of barrel 46 (shown in FIG. 5). Keys 136a-136d have a mimmum height above surface 134 sufficient to enable keys 136a-136d to adequately engage wall 102 of banel 46 (shown in FIG. 5) to prevent rotation of lag screw 32. In the prefened embodiment, keys 136a-136d have a height of about 0.014 inches from the floor of depression 135. Each key 136a-136d preferably has an axial length of about 0.2 inches and a circumferential length of about 0.12 inches. Keys 136a and 136b and keys 136c and 136d are in axial alignment. Keys 136a and 136c and keys 136b and 136d are in circumferential alignment. Because lag screw 120 includes a pair of keys (keys 136a and 136c or keys 136b and 136d) positioned circumferentially opposite one another, keys 136 are less likely to slip out of detents 108 due to manufacturing tolerances. Keys 136a and 136b are preferably axially spaced from one another. Similarly, keys 136c and 136d are also axially spaced from one another. As a result, at least one key 136 is always aligned within a keyway formed by detents 108 so that keys 136 prevent accidental rotation of lag screw 120. In addition, because keys 136a-136d are axially spaced from one another, keys 136a-136d have less surface area in contact with barrel 26. As a result, keys 136a-136d produce less friction and are more easily moved axially within banel 46 during insertion and compression. In addition, keys 136a-136d require less material and have a lower weight once implanted across the fractured femur. As can be appreciated, depending upon the number and circumferential positions of detents 108 in banel 46, keys 136 may have a variety of circumferential and axial configurations. For example, keys 136 may altematively extend along the entire axial length of keyed end 128 and may also altematively comprise any of a number of circumferentially spaced lugs or keys 136.

Bore 130 extends from an end opposite threaded end 126 axially into and along an axial center line of lag screw 120. Bore 130 is intemally threaded and sized for the reception of a compression screw. Inner bore 130 receives a compression screw so that rotation of the compression screw causes keyed lag screw 32 to retract such that threads 132 engage the bone fragment to retract the bone fragment for compression.

FIG. 9 illustrates a keyless lag screw 140 for use with fixator 28 of fixating system 20. FIG. 9 is a fragmentary cross-sectional view of keyless lag screw 140. For ease of illustration, those elements of keyless lag screw 140 which are the same as those elements of keyed lag screw 32 are numbered similarly. Keyless lag screw 140 is identical to keyed lag screw 32 except that keyed end 128 of keyed lag screw 32 is replaced with keyless end 142. Keyless end 142 extends from threaded end 126 and forms a generally smooth cylindrical outer surface 144. Surface 144 has an outer diameter similar to surface 134 of keyed lag screw 32. Surface 144 preferably has an outer diameter less than or equal to arcuate surface 106. In contrast to keyed end 128 of keyed lag screw 32, keyless end 142 of keyless lag screw 140 does not include keys. As a result, keyless lag screw 140 is rotatable within banel 46 (shown in FIG. 5). In addition, keyless lag screw 140 is easier to align with fixator 128 (shown in FIGS. 2-5) and is easier implant within the fractured femur. Because surface 144 of keyless lag screw 140 has an outer diameter substantially equal to that of surface 134 of keyed lag screw 32, both keyed lag screw 32 and keyless lag screw 140 are insertable within bore 110 of banel 46. As a result, both lag screws 32 and 140 are usable with fixator 128 to provide greater versatility and flexibility in the selection of either keyed or keyless configurations.

FIGS. 10 and 11 illustrate keyed lag screw 32 inserted within femur 24 and within banel 46 of fixator 28. FIG. 10 is a fragmentary cross- sectional view of fixating apparatus 20 assembled and mounted adjacent to distal end 22 of femur 24. FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of banel 46 and lag screw 32 taken along line 11-11 of FIG. 9. As best shown by FIG. 10, femur 24 is fractured about a vertical fracture line 150 and a comminuted fracture line 152 so as to form main bone fragments 154 and 156 and a smaller bone fragment 158. Keyed lag screw 32 and supplemental lag screws 38 fix and compress bone fragments 154, 156 and 158. In particular, threads 132 of threaded portion 126 of lag screw 32 extend into main bone fragment 154.

As best shown by FIG. 11, banel 46 of fixator 28 slidably receives keyed end 128 of lag screw 32 in the axial direction (left-to-right as shown in FIG. 10). In particular, detents 108 slidably receive keys 136 of lag screw 32 to prevent rotation of lag screw 32 and main bone fragment 154 with respect to banel 46 and main bone fragment 156. Arcuate portions 106 engage outer surface 134 of lag screw 32 to prevent inadvertent radial movement of lag screw 32 and main bone fragment 154 with respect to banel 46 and main bone fragment 156. Arcuate portions 106 further guide axial movement of lag screw 32 during compression of lag screw 32. Overall, banel 46 provides a strong and rigid support of lag screw 32 for better fixation and compression of main bone fragments 154 and 156. As can be appreciated, keyless lag screw 140 may be used in place of keyed lag screw 32.

As shown by FIG. 10, lag screw 32 is threadably fastened to condyle 26 of bone fragment 154. Banel 46 of fixator 28 is assembled over lag screw 32. Compression screw 34 extends within and threadably engages threaded bore 130 of lag screw 32. Rotation of compression screw 34 retracts keyed end 128 of lag screw 32 within banel 46 to retract threaded end 126 towards fixator 28. As a result, main bone fragment 154 is retracted and compressed against main bone fragment 156.

Supplemental lag screw 38 extends through support portion 50 circumjacent banel 46 and banel portion 48 of head 44. Supplemental lag screw includes a keyless end 164 and a threaded end 166. Threaded end 166 of supplemental lag screw 38 extends into bone fragment 158. Rotation of supplemental lag screw 138 causes bone fragment 158 to retract towards support portion 50 of head 44. Lag screw 38 further fixes bone fragment 158 in place.

Fixator 28 is mounted along a shaft portion 25 of femur 24 by bone screws 30. Because fixator 28 is configured for fixing bone fractures in the distal end 22 of femur 24 (knee fractures), barrel 46 extends from fixator 28 at between about 85° to about 100°. Preferably, barrel 46 extends from head 44 of fixator 28 at about 95° with respect to plate portion 40. As discussed above, banel 46 of fixator 28 is capable of receiving both keyed and keyless lag screws as shown in FIGS. 6 and 7. Thus, fixator 28 is versatile and reduces fixator inventories required for both keyed and keyless configurations. Banel 46 and lag screw 32 provide a more rigid and strong compression and fixation of main bone fragments 154 and 156. In addition, because head 44 of fixator 28 includes support portion 50 extending from banel portion 48 away from plate portion 40, head 44 additionally buttresses condyle 26 and supports supplemental lag screws 38 for fixing and compressing smaller bone fragments caused by comminuted fracture lines.

FIGS. 12 and 13 illustrate an alternate embodiment (fixator 170) of fixator 28 shown in FIGS. 2-5. FIG. 12 is a cross sectional view of fixator 170. FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view of fixator 170 taken along lines 13-13 of FIG. 12. For ease of illustration, those elements of fixator 170 which are the same as those elements of fixator 28 are numbered similarly. Fixator 170 is similar to fixator 28 except that head 44 and banel 46 of fixator 28 are replaced with head 174 and barrel 176, respectively. Head 174 of fixator 170 includes a banel portion 180 which defines a central bore 182. Banel portion 180 supports banel 176.

Banel 176 preferably integrally extends from banel portion 180 of head 174. Banel 176 is similar to banel 46 except that banel 176 extends from head 174 at an angle of between about 130° to about 150° with respect to plate portion 40. Preferably, banel 176 extends from head 174 at an angle of about 135° with respect to plate portion 40. As a result, banel 176 is oriented at an angle for supporting a lag screw for fixing and compressing bone fractures in a proximal end of the femur (hip fractures). Similar to banel 46 of fixator 28, banel 176 of fixator 170 includes a wall 102 which defines generally cylindrical inner surface 104 having a substantially annular cross-section. Inner suiface 104 includes arcuate portions 106 and detents 108. As discussed above, each detent 108 receives a key or lug projecting from a lag screw when the lag screw is inserted into bore 106 so that banel 176 and the particular lag screw may engage one another in a slidable yet non-rotatable fashion to prevent rotation of the lag screw and its coupled bone fragments with respect to barrel 176 and fixator 170. Because detents 108 extend into wall 102 of banel 176, detents 108 do not obtrude into the generally circular cross-section of bore 110 substantially defined by arcuate portions 106. As a result, bore 110 is also capable of receiving smooth, cylindrical keyless ends of non-keyed lag screws. Thus, banel 176 of fixator 170 provides an orthopedic surgeon flexibility in the selection of keyed and non-keyed banel-lag screw configurations. Banel 176 of fixator 170 enables a single inventory of versatile fixators 170 to be maintained regardless of whether keyed or keyless lag screws are selected for fixing a bone fragment.

FIGS. 14-16 illustrate keyed lag screw 32 inserted within banel 176 of fixator 170. As shown by FIGS. 14-16, banel 176 supports lag screw 32 at an angle of about 135° with respect to plate portion 40 for fixing and compressing bone fragments at a proximal end of the femur. Detents 108 prevent rotation of lag screw 32 with respect to banel 176. Altematively, fixator 170 may receive a keyless lag screw such as that illustrated in FIG. 9. Use of a keyless lag screw facilitates faster and easier placement of fixator 170 upon the lag screw and the femur. Although the present invention has been described with reference to prefened embodiments, workers skilled in the art will recognize that changes may be made in form and detail without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

Claims

WHAT IS CLAIMED IS:

1. A supracondylar fixator for fixing fractures of a condyle of a femur, the fixator comprising: an elongate plate portion having a first side, a second side, a length and a width, the elongate plate portion defining at least one plate aperture extending through the plate portion for receiving bone screws to fasten the fixator to a shaft of the femur; and a head extending from the plate portion, the head including: a first head portion extending from the plate portion, the first head portion having a tube extending perpendicular therefrom; and a second head portion extending from the first head portion away from the plate portion, the second head portion defining at least one aperture circumjacent to the tube of the first head portion for receiving bone screws to fasten the fixator to a portion of the condyle.

2. The fixator of claim 1 wherein the tube of the first head portion is centered along an axial center line of the elongate plate portion.

3. The fixator of claim 1 wherein the second head portion includes: a generally circular portion having a diameter greater than the width of the plate portion; an arm portion extending generally from the second side of the plate portion opposite the first side; and a gap portion between the circular portion and the arm portion arranged to accommodate a popliteus muscle or a cruciate ligament.

4. The fixator of claim 1 wherein the head is generally in the shape of a catcher's mitt.

5. The fixator of claim 1 wherein the second head portion extends from the first head portion opposite the elongate plate portion and wherein the second head portion defines the aperture opposite the elongate plate portion.

6. The fixator of claim 1 wherein the tube includes a relatively smooth cylindrical inner surface having at least one groove formed therein for receiving at least one key of lag screw.

7. A fixator for intemally fixating bone fractures, the fixator comprising: an elongate plate portion, the plate portion defining at least one plate aperture extending through the plate portion for receiving bone screws to fasten the fixator to a shaft of a femur; a head portion extending from the plate portion; and a tube extending from the head portion, the tube having a generally cylindrical inner surface adapted for slidably receiving an end of both keyed and non-keyed lag screws, the cylindrical inner surface defining at least one groove along at least a portion of a length of the tube for receiving a key of a keyed lag screw to prevent rotation of the keyed lag screw and for also allowing rotation of a non-keyed lag screw.

8. The fixator of claim 7 wherein the fixator is for fixating fractures of a condyle and wherein the fixator further includes: a support portion extending from the head portion away from the plate portion, the support portion defining at least one aperture circumjacent to the tube of the head portion for receiving bone screws to fasten the fixator to a portion of the condyle.

9. In an internal bone fracture fixator having a barrel with a cylindrical inner surface for rotatably and slidably receiving a smooth cylindrical end of a keyless lag screw, an improvement comprising: a keyway formed on the cylindrical inner surface of the banel for slidably receiving a key of a keyed lag screw to prevent rotation of the keyed lag screw within the banel.

10. A supracondylar fixator for fixing fractures of a condyle, the fixator comprising: a generally elongated plate portion having a generally concave surface and an opposite surface, the concave surface being disposed along a line parallel to a length of the plate portion and arranged to abut a surface of a shaft of a femur having the fractured condyle; a head portion extending from the plate portion, the head portion having a generally concave surface joined to an end of the concave surface of the plate portion and having an opposite surface joined to an end of the opposite surface of the plate portion, the head portion including: a generally circular portion having a radius greater than a width of the plate portion and extending generally from a first side of the plate portion to a location between about 135° and about 180° from a line parallel to the length of the plate portion; an arm portion extending generally from a second side of the plate portion opposite the first side in a direction between about 130° and about 150° from the line parallel to the length of the plate portion; and a gap portion between the circular portion and the arm portion arranged to accommodate a popliteus muscle or cruciate ligament; a generally cylindrical tube extending along an axis generally normal to the concave surface of the head portion from a central location of the head portion, the tube having a screw-receiving aperture arranged to receive a head of a lag screw; a plurality of first apertures through the plate portion between the concave surface and opposite surface of the plate portion for receiving bone screws to fasten the fixator to the shaft of the femur; and a plurality of second apertures through the head portion between the concave surface and opposite surface of the head portion for receiving bone screws to fasten the fixator to a portion of the condyle.