WO1997013951A1 - Drill pipe/casing protector assembly - Google Patents
Drill pipe/casing protector assembly Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1997013951A1 WO1997013951A1 PCT/US1996/016410 US9616410W WO9713951A1 WO 1997013951 A1 WO1997013951 A1 WO 1997013951A1 US 9616410 W US9616410 W US 9616410W WO 9713951 A1 WO9713951 A1 WO 9713951A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- sleeve
- ofthe
- drill pipe
- casing
- bore
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B17/00—Drilling rods or pipes; Flexible drill strings; Kellies; Drill collars; Sucker rods; Cables; Casings; Tubings
- E21B17/10—Wear protectors; Centralising devices, e.g. stabilisers
- E21B17/1007—Wear protectors; Centralising devices, e.g. stabilisers for the internal surface of a pipe, e.g. wear bushings for underwater well-heads
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B17/00—Drilling rods or pipes; Flexible drill strings; Kellies; Drill collars; Sucker rods; Cables; Casings; Tubings
- E21B17/10—Wear protectors; Centralising devices, e.g. stabilisers
- E21B17/1057—Centralising devices with rollers or with a relatively rotating sleeve
- E21B17/1064—Pipes or rods with a relatively rotating sleeve
Definitions
- This invention relates generally to drill pipe/casing protectors, and more particularly, to a drill pipe casing protector assembly that reduces the torque experienced by a rotating drill pipe when the attached protector comes into contact with a well casing or with the wall of a formation being drilled.
- a drill string typically comprises a long string of connected tubular drill pipe sections that extend from the surface into a well bore formed by the drill bit on the bottom ofthe drill string.
- Casing is typically installed from the surface to various depths throughout the well bore to prevent the wall ofthe well bore from caving in; to prevent the transfer of fluids from various drilled formations from entering the well bore, and vice versa; and to provide a means for recovering petroleum if the well is found to be productive.
- the drill pipe is subjected to shock and abrasion whenever the drill pipe comes into contact with the wall ofthe well bore or the casing.
- the drill pipe may extend underground along a curved path, such as in deviated well drilling, and in these instances a considerable amount of torque can be produced by the effects of frictional forces developed between the rotating drill pipe and the casing or the wall ofthe well bore.
- drill pipe protectors have been placed in different locations along the length of a drill pipe to keep the drill pipe and its connections away from the walls ofthe casing and/or formation.
- These drill pipe protectors typically have been made from metal or composites, rubber or other elastomeric materials because of their ability to absorb shock and impart minimal wear.
- drill pipe protectors have been made from low coefficient of friction rubber or polymeric materials.
- Typical prior art drill pipe protectors have an outside diameter (O.D.) greater than that ofthe drill pipe tool joints, and these protectors in the past were installed or clamped rigidly onto the O.D. ofthe drill pipe at a point near the tool joint connections of each length of drill pipe. The O.D.
- the protector sleeve in the '297 patent rotates with the drill pipe during normal operations in which there is an absence of contact between the protector sleeve and the casing, but the protector sleeve stops rotating, or rotates very slowly, while allowing the drill pipe to continue rotating within the sleeve unabated upon frictional contact between the sleeve and the casing.
- Thrust bearings are rigidly affixed to the drill pipe at opposite ends ofthe protector sleeve leaving space between the collars and sleeve ends, and these, in combination with the internal configuration of the protector sleeve, produce a fluid bearing effect in the space between the inside ofthe sleeve and the outside ofthe drill pipe.
- the fluid bearing effect is produced by circulating drilling fluid through the space between the sleeve and the drill pipe so that it reduces frictional drag between the rotating drill pipe and the sleeve when the sleeve stops rotating from contact with the casing.
- the present invention provides improvements upon the drill pipe/casing protector disclosed in the '297 patent by providing an enhanced fluid bearing effect that ensures reduced frictional drag between the rotating drill pipe and the protector sleeve during use.
- Other improvements in reducing wear on the protector sleeve and on the drill pipe as well as improvements in reducing sliding friction ofthe drill pipe/protector combination during use also are disclosed.
- one embodiment of this invention comprises a drill pipe/casing protector assembly for an underground drilling system comprising a well bore in an underground formation, a fixed tubular casing installed in the well bore, a rotary drill pipe extending through the casing and having an O.D. spaced from an I.D. ofthe casing or well bore during normal drilling operations, and a protective sleeve installed around the drill pipe and spaced from the I.D. ofthe casing or bore.
- Upper and lower thrust bearings are affixed to the drill pipe above and below the protector sleeve for retaining the sleeve in a fixed axial position on the drill pipe.
- the protector sleeve preferentially contacts the LD.
- the protective sleeve is mounted to the drill pipe in a configuration that substantially reduces the rotational rate ofthe sleeve upon frictional contact ofthe sleeve with the I.D. ofthe casing or bore, while allowing the rotary drill pipe to continue rotating within the sleeve at a rotation rate sufficient to continue conducting drilling operations in the formation.
- longitudinally extending and circumferentially spaced apart grooves are formed in an I.D. wall of the sleeve for allowing fluid under pressure to circulate through a space formed between the I.D.
- the protective sleeve has circumferentially spaced apart and axially extending flutes on the O.D. ofthe sleeve communicating at their top and bottom with circumferentially spaced apart end slots on the top and bottom annular ends of the protector sleeve. These end slots provide flow channels for communicating fluid pressure to the interior regions of the protector sleeve near the thrust bearings to produce a further fluid bearing effect at the ends of the protector sleeve. This enhanced fluid bearing effect contributes to reduced frictional drag during use.
- the number of polygon sides ofthe flat bearing wall surfaces around the protector sleeve I.D. is related to their capability of reducing frictional drag (reduced coefficient of friction) during use.
- the coefficient of friction is lowest with a sleeve I.D. having a polygon configuration with about 10 to 13 flat bearing wall surfaces, preferably 12 bearing wall surfaces.
- the coefficient of friction is lowest when the sleeve I.D. has a polygon configuration with 14 or 15 flat bearing wall surfaces.
- transitional regions between the ends ofthe flat polygon bearing surfaces and the axial grooves at opposite ends of each flat bearing surface are arcuately curved with a first radius of curvature that forms the bearing surface and transitioning into a second reverse radius of curvature leading to the groove.
- the first radius of curvature is greater than the second radius of curvature.
- FIG. 1 is a fragmentary schematic side elevational view, partly in cross-section, showing a string of drill pipe having drill pipe/casing protector assemblies according to this invention installed between tool joints ofthe drill pipe in a deviated well being drilled in an underground formation.
- FIG. 2 is a fragmentary semi-schematic side elevational view, partly in cross-section, illustrating a drill pipe protector assembly according to principles of this invention mounted on a drill pipe section located inside a casing which has been cemented or otherwise affixed in a bore in the formation.
- FIG. 3 is a top elevational view showing a drill pipe protector sleeve according to this invention.
- FIG. 4 is a fragmentary side elevational view of FIG. 3.
- FIG. 5 is a fragmentary cross-sectional view ofthe drill pipe protector sleeve taken on line 5-5 of FIG. 3.
- FIG. 6 is a fragmentary semi-schematic side elevational view, partly in cross-section, showing a drill pipe sleeve liner mounted between the outside ofthe drill pipe and the inside of the protector sleeve.
- FIG. 7 is a side elevational view ofthe drill pipe liner of FIG. 6.
- FIG. 8 is a schematic side elevation view showing an alternative embodiment having a reinforcement cage structure for improving shear strength ofthe protector sleeve.
- FIG. 9 is a top view taken on line 9-9 of FIG. 8.
- FIG. 10 is a schematic side elevation view showing an alternative embodiment having flow channels and suction reservoirs in the annular ends ofthe protector sleeve.
- FIG. 1 1 is a top view taken on line 11-1 1 of FIG. 10.
- FIG. 12 is a schematic side elevation view showing an alternative form ofthe protector sleeve having a tapered internal surface that compensates for large loads.
- FIG. 13 is a top view taken on line 13-13 of FIG. 12.
- FIG. 14 is a schematic side elevation view partly broken away, showing an alternative form ofthe protector sleeve having sleeve inserts for reducing sliding friction.
- FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view taken on line 15- 15 of FIG. 14.
- FIG. 16 is a schematic partial side elevation view showing an alternative form of the protector sleeve for open hole applications.
- FIG. 17 is a schematic side elevation view showing an improved drill pipe protector collar.
- FIG. 18 is an end elevation view ofthe collar of FIG. 17.
- FIG. 19 is an opposite side view ofthe collar of FIG. 17.
- FIG. 20 is a schematic side elevation view showing a first configuration of a drill pipe using the improved drill pipe protector collar.
- FIG. 21 is a schematic side elevation view showing a second configuration of a drill pipe using the improved drill pipe protector collar.
- FIG. 22 is a schematic side elevation showing a third configuration of a drill pipe using multiple drill pipe protectors.
- FIG. 23 is a top view of an alternative drill pipe protector collar.
- FIG. 24 is a side view of the drill pipe protector collar of FIG. 23.
- FIG. 25 is an enlarged perspective detail of an alternative end slot configuration of FIGS. 3 and 24.
- FIG. 1 illustrates a well drilling system for drilling a well in an underground formation 10.
- a rotary drill string comprising elongated tubular drill pipe sections 12 drills a well bore 14 with a drilling tool 15 installed at the bottom of the drill string.
- An elongated cylindrical tubular casing 16 is cemented in the well bore to isolate and/or support formations around the bore.
- the invention is depicted as a deviated well which is drilled initially along a somewhat straight path and then curves near the bottom and to the side in a dog leg fashion.
- the invention is described with respect to its use inside casing in a well bore, but the invention also can be used to reduce torque and protect the drill pipe or casing from damage caused by contact with the wall of a bore that does not have a casing. Therefore, in the description and claims to follow, where references are made to contact with the wall or inside diameter (I.D.) of a casing, the description also applies to contact with the wall ofthe well bore, and where references are made to contact with a bore, the bore can be the wall of a well bore or the I.D. of a casing.
- I.D. inside diameter
- separate longitudinally spaced apart sleeve-like drill pipe protectors 18 are mounted along the length of a drill string to protect the casing from damage while reducing the torque that can occur when rotating the drill pipe inside the casing.
- the sections ofthe drill pipe are connected together in the drill string by separate drill pipe tool joints 20 which are conventional in the art.
- the separate drill pipe protectors 18 are mounted to the drill string 12 adjacent to each ofthe tool joints to reduce shock and vibration to the drill string and abrasion to the inside wall ofthe casing.
- the drill pipe can produce both torque and drill pipe casing wear and resistance to sliding ofthe drill string in the hole.
- the drill pipe protector sleeve which is normally made from rubber or a low friction polymeric material, is made greater than that ofthe drill pipe and its tool joints. Such an installation allows the protector sleeve only to rub against the casing.
- these standard protectors can generate substantial cumulative torque along the length ofthe drill pipe, particularly when the hole is deviated from vertical as shown in FIG. 1. This adversely affects drilling operations, primarily by producing friction which works to reduce the rotation, weight, and torque value generated at the surface which are then translated in a reduced form to the drill bit.
- the present invention provides a solution to this problem.
- FIG. 2 schematically illustrates a drill pipe protector assembly ofthe form claimed herein mounted to the drill string.
- the protective sleeve is sandwiched loosely between upper and lower thrust bearings 22 and 24 which are rigidly affixed to the O.D. ofthe drill pipe section 12.
- a small gap exists between the protective sleeve and the thrust bearings.
- the drill pipe protector sleeve is mounted to the drill pipe using techniques which hold tiie protector on the drill pipe and which allow the sleeve to normally rotate with the drill pipe during drilling operations; but when the drill pipe protector sleeve comes into contact with the casing 16, the sleeve stops rotating, or at least slows down substantially, while allowing the drill pipe to continue rotating inside the protector sleeve.
- FIGS. 3 and 4 illustrate detailed construction ofthe drill pipe protector sleeve 18 which preferably comprises an elongated tubular sleeve made from a suitable protective material, such as, a low coefficient of friction, polymeric material, metal or rubber material.
- a presently preferred material is a high density polyurethane or rubber material.
- the sleeve has an inside diameter (I.D.) in a generally polygon shaped configuration described below.
- the I.D. further includes a plurality of elongated, longitudinally extending, straight, parallel axial grooves 26 spaced apart circumferentially around the I.D. ofthe sleeve. The grooves are preferably spaced uniformly around the I.D.
- each groove extends vertically (i.e., at a right angle to the top and bottom annular ends of the sleeve), and are open ended in the sense that they open through an annular top end 28 and an annular bottom end 30 ofthe sleeve.
- the base of each groove is on a common fixed radius R, shown in FIG. 3.
- the inside wall of the sleeve is divided into intervening wall sections of substantially uniform width extending parallel to one another between adjacent pairs ofthe grooves 26.
- Each wall section has an inside bearing surface 32 that for the most part is a flat surface so that the flat surfaces ofthe bearing faces 32 together form a generally polygonal shape around the inside of the protector sleeve.
- the corners ofthe polygon are located generally on the central axis ofthe respective grooves 26 formed at the opposite ends ofthe flat polygon-shaped bearing surfaces.
- a majority of each bearing face normally makes tangential contact with the circular O.D. ofthe drill pipe section shown in phantom lines at 33 in FIG. 3. Further design details ofthe axial grooves 26 and the flat bearing surfaces 32 are described below wid respect to presently preferred embodiments of the protector sleeve.
- the wall thickness ofthe sleeve 18 is such that the drill pipe protector has an O.D. greater than the O.D. ofthe adjacent drill pipe tool joints 20.
- the O.D. ofthe sleeve can be circular or can have a plurality of circumferentially spaced apart, longitudinally extending, parallel outer flutes 34 extending from top to bottom ofthe sleeve. The flutes are substantially wider than the grooves 26 inside the sleeve.
- Intervening outer wall sections 36 formed by the O.D. wall ofthe sleeve between the outer flutes form wide parallel outer ribs with circularly curved outer surfaces along the outside ofthe sleeve.
- Circumferentially spaced apart end slots 38 are formed in the annular top end wall and in die annular bottom end wall ofthe sleeve. These end slots are preferably uniformly spaced apart around the annular top and bottom ends, and usually are aligned radially with the centers of corresponding flutes 34 extending along the O.D. of the sleeve. As shown best in the side elevation view of FIG. 4, the end slots have radially curved upper edges 39 which converge downwardly toward one another and open into a narrow, generally U-shaped channel 40 at the bottom of each end slot.
- the annular top and bottom edges ofthe protector sleeve also have a configuration that functions to draw fluid between the sleeve and collar, thereby assisting in the formation of a fluid bearing effect in this region.
- the top and bottom edges have a generally flat annular inside edge section 42 extending horizontally and generally at a right angle to the vertical inside walls of the sleeve.
- the edge section 42 has a bevelled edge 43 leading to the vertical inside walls to prevent or reduce the wear to the drill pipe brought about by the action of axial forces.
- the inside edge is of uniform width around the inner circumference ofthe annular end wall.
- the drill pipe protector sleeve is split longitudinally to provide a means for spreading apart the opposite sides ofthe sleeve when mounting the sleeve to the O.D. ofthe drill pipe.
- the top view of the sleeve shown in FIG. 3 illustrates a pair of diametrically opposed and vertically extending edges 46 that define tiie ends of a longitudinal split that splits the sleeve into two halves.
- the sleeve is split longitudinally along one edge 46 which is fastened by a latch pin 47.
- the sleeve is simply spread apart along the edge 46 when installed.
- the sleeve halves may be hinged along one side and releasably fastened on an opposite side by a latch pin, or they may be secured along both opposite sides by bolts.
- a metal cage (not shown) forms an annular reinforcing ring embedded in the molded body ofthe sleeve.
- the embedded cage is illustrated generally by the phantom lines 48 for simplicity, and the description to follow describes the metal cage and its functions. Further description is provided in U.S. Patent No. 5,069,297 which is inco ⁇ orated herein by reference.
- the purpose ofthe cage is to reinforce the strength ofthe sleeve.
- the cage can absorb the compressive, tensile, and shear forces experienced by the sleeve when operating in the casing or well bore.
- the reinforcing cage or insert can be made from expanded metal, metal sheet stock, or metal strips or composite (fiber).
- One presently preferred technique is to form the reinforcing member from a steel sheet stock with holes uniformly distributed throughout the sheet.
- a first set of vertically spaced apart fastening fingers project from one side ofthe cage and a cooperating set of vertically spaced apart metal fastening fingers project from the opposite side ofthe cage.
- These fingers are integrally affixed to the metal cage through metal reinforcing members affixed to the cage and embedded in the molded sleeve.
- the fingers In mounting the sleeve to the O.D. ofthe drill pipe, the fingers are interleaved and spaced apart vertically to receive a latch pin (not shown) which is driven through vertically aligned eyes on the fingers. This draws opposite sides ofthe sleeve together around the O.D.
- the confronting top and bottom thrust bearings 22 and 24 as described in FIG. 2 have adjacent annular end surfaces confronting the top and bottom annular end surfaces ofthe sleeve at essentially the same angular orientations.
- the adjacent fixed thrust bearing has a similar end surface configuration such similar configuration are described, for example, in the referenced '297 patent.
- the upper and lower thrust bearings 22 and 24 are rigidly affixed to the O.D. ofthe drill pipe above and below the drill pipe protector sleeve.
- the thrust bearings are metal collars made of a material, such as aluminum, or a hard plastic materials, such as, composites of teflon and graphite fibers to encircle the drill pipe and project outwardly from the drill pipe.
- the collars project a sufficient axial distance along the drill pipe to provide a means for retaining the sleeve in an axially affixed position on the drill pipe, restrained between the two thrust bearings.
- the thrust bearings are rigidly affixed to the drill pipe and rotate with the drill pipe during use.
- the means for securing the thrust bearings to opposite ends of the sleeve can be similar to the fastening means shown in U.S.
- the upper and lower thrust bearings are affixed to the drill pipe to provide a very narrow upper working clearance between the bottom of the upper thrust bearing and the annular top edge of the sleeve and a separate lower working clearance between the top of the lower thrust bearing and the bottom annular edge of the sleeve.
- the lower clearance can be narrow such as 1/4" or a clearance as much as 1 ".
- the bearings above and below the sleeve are at least about four inches in vertical height to provide sufficient surface area to grip the pipe to provide a means for securely holding them in a rigid fixed position on the pipe.
- the bearings are preferably split and bolted or hinged and bolted with spaced apart cap screws on outer flanges ofthe collar. More detailed descriptions ofthe collar structure are provided in the '297 patent.
- the outer surface ofthe drill pipe protector sleeve comes into contact with the interior surface ofthe casing or well bore.
- the sleeve which is normally fixed in place on the drill pipe, rotates with the drill pipe during normal drilling operations. However, under contact with the inside wall of the casing, the sleeve stops rotating, or its rotational speed is greatly reduced, while allowing the drill pipe to continue rotating inside the sleeve.
- the configuration ofthe I.D. ofthe sleeve is such that the drill pipe can continue rotating while the sleeve is nearly stopped or rotating slightly and yet its stoppage exerts minimal frictional drag on the O.D. ofthe rotating drill pipe.
- the polygon- shaped flat inside bearing surfaces ofthe sleeve in combination with the axial grooves, induces the circulating drilling mud within the annulus between the casing and drill pipe to flow under pressure through a clearance area at one end ofthe sleeve and through the parallel grooves to a clearance area at the opposite end of the sleeve.
- These clearance areas are provided by the recessed end slots in the annular end faces of the sleeve. This produces a circulating flow of drilling mud under pressure at the interface ofthe sleeve and drill pipe and this fluid becomes forced into the flat bearing surface areas between the grooves.
- This action ofthe lubricating fluid being forced into the region between the sleeve and drill pipe acts as a fluid bearing to force the two surfaces apart, and such action thereby reduces the friction that would normally be experienced both on the O.D. ofthe drill pipe and the I.D. ofthe sleeve due to the fact that a thin film of fluid is separating the two surfaces. Since the fluid separates these two surfaces the torque developed as a result of rotation is greatly reduced.
- the thrust bearings at opposite ends of the sleeve which retain the sleeve's position on the drill pipe, also assist in producing a further fluid bearing effect at the ends ofthe sleeve.
- the bearings in combination with the recessed end slots at the ends of die sleeve produce an enhanced lubricating effect at the ends ofthe sleeve.
- these clearance areas above and below the sleeve provide an improved means of circulating d e surrounding drilling fluid into the annular space between the sleeve and the drill pipe, thereby working to reduce friction.
- these end slots also prevent a seal between the sleeve and the collar from forming thus preventing a build up of particle concentration at the sleeve and collar interface which would make it difficult to provide sufficient fluid film in this area to separate these particles from the sleeve I.D. and drill pipe O.D., thereby reducing wear to eitiier surface or jamming, and prevents a build up of pressure to occur between the sleeve and drill pipe and collar interface that could lead to a blocking/pressure build up that could force the collars along the length ofthe drill pipe or "blow up" the sleeve.
- the generally flat bearing surfaces on the I.D. ofthe sleeve are in tangential contact with the circular O.D. ofthe drill pipe.
- the number of polygon sides (the number of flat intervening bearing surfaces) varies depending upon the size (diameter) of the protective sleeve. Within limits, an increase in the number of flat bearing faces can produce reduced frictional drag on the drill pipe during drilling operations.
- the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 3 shows ten parallel grooves with ten intervening flat bearing faces ofthe polygon shaped sleeve I.D. tangentially contacting the O.D. ofthe drill pipe. Studies have been conducted on the relationship between the number of polygon sides and their contribution to increasing or reducing the coefficient of friction.
- the I.D. wall ofthe sleeve has a radially curved configuration between the ends ofthe tangential flat bearing surfaces and the axial grooves.
- the bottoms of the axial grooves are curved on a short radius shown in FIG. 3 of curvature R 2 .
- the opposite ends of each axial groove and the corresponding flat bearing surfaces merge along a radially curved transition region.
- FIG. 3 illustrates preferred embodiment for efficiency but other embodiments are possible.
- the long, flat polygon configurations of the internal bearing surfaces of the sleeve are specifically designed to minimize the overall coefficient of friction of the drill pipe-sleeve system.
- the overall coefficient of friction is the combination ofthe contact (static or dynamic) and the hydrodynamic friction. Friction for the system is highest with contact friction and lowest with hydrodynamic friction.
- the invention adopts a combination ofthe two effects.
- the axial grooves have a bottom minimum radius of typically 0.25 inches, blending to become a tangent to the polygon surface on the interior ofthe sleeve.
- the blend radius is preferably about 1.5 times the radius ofthe lubricant groove, but can be within the range from 1.0 to 3.0 times the radius of the axial groove.
- the ratio ofthe top blend radius to the bottom groove radius is commonly 1.33 to 1.66 and described in the following equation:
- R B/G
- R groove design ratio
- the blended radially curved configuration from each axial groove to the adjacent polygon surface of the sleeve allows "cuttings” from drilling and other debris to be carried in the fluid with minimal effect on system lubrication.
- the tangent acts to "ramp” or “funne the fluid to the polygonal surface ofthe sleeve, inducing hydraulic "support” for the drill string, while serving to eliminate particles in the fluid from reaching the areas of the polygons or flat surfaces.
- the groove shape with the tangent blend partially compensates for the deformation of the sleeve's polygonal surface resulting from drill string loads. Without this compensation, a "bulge" can be produced that would inhibit lubrication to the interior of the polygonal surfaces and increase system friction.
- each lubrication groove (the axial groove 26) is typically 0.3 - 0.4 inches deep with a bottom radius of 0.1875 to 0.250 inch.
- the depth ofthe groove (and the resulting channel cross-sectional area) is sized to provide sufficient lubrication to the interior ofthe sleeve and serves as a place to collect cuttings, thus preventing them from positioning themselves between the sleeve and drill pipe and bringing about wear to the latter.
- the volume ofthe groove is determined by the following relationship:
- v velocity of fluid down the groove
- the preferred length ofthe protector is approximately 2-5 times the I.D. ofthe protector.
- the factor selection is based on the following: (a) Providing appropriate surface area to support the normal (loads applied pe ⁇ endicular to surface) loads from the drill string.
- the practical operating load on a sleeve is approximately 2000 pounds for one size of protector sleeve.
- the protector loads could range from 0-4000 pounds. For a protector with an
- the surface area is affected by the hardness of the protector such that greater hardness (for the non-metallic sleeve) results in less sleeve deformation and greater proportion of hydrodynamic support.
- the sleeve assembly may or may not be symmetrical about the end ofthe sleeve, however typical designs for sleeves are symmetric.
- the symmetry ofthe sleeve affords the advantage that the protector can be reversed in position on the drill pipe. This effectively doubles the useful life of the sleeve because if one end is damaged or worn, the protector sleeve can be reversed and returned to service immediately.
- the symmetry about the ends ofthe sleeve facilitates installation because specific orientation is not necessary during makeup.
- FIGS. 6 and 7 illustrate a sleeve liner 60 mounted between the O.D. ofthe drill pipe and the I.D. of a protector sleeve 62.
- the protector sleeve 62 has a configuration similar to the protector sleeve 18 described previously.
- the liner sleeve is a thin-walled tubular liner rigidly held in place on the drill pipe 12 between the fixed end bearings 22 and 24.
- the sleeve is preferably made from a metal or plastic or composite commonly having a hardness greater than the drill pipe material, to reduce wear on the drill pipe in high solid fluid mediums from relative rotation between the drill pipe and the protector sleeve.
- the sleeve liner can have an axial or helical cut or have an axially extending cut 64 with an angular intermediate section 66 shown in FIG. 7 to facilitate installation while inhibiting torsional shear deformation of separating the liner from the drill pipe and sleeve.
- the sleeve liner is preferably held in place by compression fit to the end bearings but can also be attached to same for ease in installation. This design prevents entrapment of particles from drilling mud being caught between the sleeve and the drill pipe. These captured particles otherwise can lead to abrasive loss of the drill pipe wall.
- One embodiment ofthe non-rotating drill pipe protector described previously consists of two thrust bearings made of metal such as aluminum and a protector sleeve made of a polymeric material.
- Another embodiment uses an elastomeric material for the sleeve.
- the sleeve is reinforced with a steel cage which is hinged to allow assembly ofthe sleeve onto the drill pipe.
- the cage also has a large matrix of holes preferably with a 1/2 inch diameter that facilitate bonding ofthe cage to the elastomer.
- This configuration is frequently used in wells with elevated formation temperatures, typically 250-400 degrees F. Elastomeric materials are used because of their reported superior performance at elevated temperatures.
- one embodiment ofthe modified cage structure comprises a cylindrical cage 68 embedded in the protector sleeve with a flanged annular upper lip 70 projecting outwardly at a 90° to 180° angle from the top edge ofthe cage.
- a flanged annular lower lip 72 extends outwardly at a 90° angle from the lower edge ofthe cage.
- the entire cage structure is embedded in the elastomer, with the upper and lower lip rings 70 and 72 being spaced from the annular top and bottom ends ofthe sleeve.
- a locking pin 74 with spaced apart fingers 76 are shown at the end ofthe split cage structure.
- This embodiment ofthe sleeve is simplified and shows a cylindrical outer surface although a fluted outer surface also can be used.
- FIGS. 10 and 11 illustrate an improvement having suction-flow lubrication of the end bearing. With improved lubrication of the end bearing, wear of the ends of the sleeves is improved. Referring to FIGS.
- radial flow channels 80 similar to channels 38 are spaced apart around the annular top and bottom ends of the sleeve.
- Spaced apart suction reservoirs 82 are formed in the top and bottom ends ofthe sleeve between the flow channels 80.
- the suction reservoirs have enlarged recessed regions 84 adjacent to but spaced from the I.D. of the sleeve. They extend radially outwardly and downwardly along a shallow slope and taper or converge into a narrower channel portion 86 that opens through the O.D. ofthe sleeve.
- rotation ofthe drill pipe relative to the protector in combination with the channels and suction reservoirs acts to centripetally pump the mud from the interior ofthe protector across the bearing surface, providing a hydraulic layer.
- mud that moves up the interior of the sleeve exits into the gap between the end of the protector and the fixed collar or thrust bearing.
- mud moves out past the interface ofthe sleeve and the protector.
- the drilling fluid is not forced along any specific pathway.
- the radial grooves (channels) on the ends ofthe sleeve conduct the flow to the perimeter (O.D.) of the sleeve.
- the placement and number of channels is such that there is a tendency to establish a hydraulic film (hydraulic bearing effect).
- the suction reservoirs are placed in proximity to the radial channels.
- the motion ofthe pipe tends to move the fluid radially from the interior to the exterior ofthe sleeve, as with a centrifugal pump.
- the moving fluid tends to have lower pressure than that in the suction reservoirs, and the fluid in the channels tends to suck mud from the reservoirs.
- the result is the mud moves down the suction reservoirs, across the sleeve-collar interface (bearing), and into the channels. Lubrication ofthe sleeve-collar interface is improved, and the wear life ofthe sleeve is improved.
- each end ofthe sleeve can be equipped with the same configuration.
- the effective working life ofthe protector is doubled.
- the flow channels and suction reservoirs cooperate to distribute fluid over the end ofthe sleeve to lubricate it, with the suction reservoirs acting as low pressure sources that draw fluid from the flow channels over the end of the sleeve.
- the improvements include: (1) establishment of a hydraulic bearing on the ends ofthe sleeve, which also reduces the torque that would otherwise be seen, (2) increased sleeve wear life because of reduced friction on the ends of sleeve ends, (3) increased collar wear life because of reduced friction on the ends of the collars, (4) reduced sliding friction ofthe sleeve down and up, and (5) improved life because of reversibility ofthe sleeve.
- a problem sometimes observed with the use of a protector sleeve is abrasion to the drill pipe under the sleeve particularly when the abrasives solids content in the fluid medium are high.
- Examination of wear pattem indicates greatest wear occurs on the pipe at a point corresponding to the ends ofthe sleeves.
- Corresponding wear patterns are observed both in elastomeric and polymeric (polyurethane, etc.) types of sleeves; however, greater wear tends to occur in elastomeric sleeves. Specifically, the wear is greatest near the end of the sleeve but tends to reduce toward the center of the sleeve.
- Ove ⁇ ull is the dynamic force required to overcome string/casing friction, hydraulic resistance, and inertia while "tripping-out" (bringing to the surface).
- Ove ⁇ ull forces vary from 50,000-300,000 pounds on the drill string.
- Ove ⁇ ull force is distributed along the length ofthe drill string, resulting in large loads on the sleeve.
- FIGS. 12 and 13 show an alternate embodiment of a drill pipe protector sleeve 90 in which the ends ofthe sleeve have an annular taper 92 incorporated into the I.D. near the top and bottom ends ofthe sleeve.
- the taper 92 is on a relatively steep slope and is continuous and of uniform depth around the circumference ofthe sleeve.
- the taper at its top merges with the inside of an annular top edge 94 ofthe sleeve having a shallow downward slope toward the outside of the sleeve.
- An upwardly and inwardly tapered annular outer edge 96 extends around the top edge ofthe sleeve below the top edge 94.
- the bottoms ofthe tapered edges 92 and 96 are at about the same level spaced from the end ofthe sleeve.
- the geometry ofthe taper is determined by the relationship ofthe elastomeric properties of the sleeve, the relative proximity of the cage 68 to the end of the sleeve, the Poisson's ratio of the sleeve material, and the magnitude ofthe applied loads.
- the preferred length of the taper is 2-4 times the depth ofthe taper, hence a Taper Ratio is defined as the length ofthe taper divided by the depth ofthe taper, and the ratio is in the range from about two to about four.
- Taper ratios greater than four tend to reduce the amount of effective surface for the hydraulic bearing; taper ratios less than two are typically insufficient for high contact loads (2000 lb. and greater normal contact loads).
- the taper can be placed on either or both ends ofthe sleeve. If the taper is placed on both ends ofthe sleeve, the sleeve can be reversed and effectively double the useful life ofthe sleeve.
- the inside taper 92 prevents large side loading from forcing the end ofthe sleeve into abrading contact with the drill pipe.
- the tapered sleeve of this invention deflects inwardly to a neutral position without machining away the pipe.
- the benefits of this embodiment are reduction or elimination of scouring ofthe drill pipe by the protector sleeve at high contact loads, and increased sleeve life because of reduced wear on the I.D.
- the invention is particularly useful in combination with the improved reinforcing cage structure of FIGS. 8 and 9.
- the improved cage holds the protector on the drill pipe more securely which can increase the abrasion wear if the end configuration of the protector results in deflection toward the pipe from side loads.
- the improved taper reduces or prevents such damage to the reinforced rubber protector.
- the '297 patent discloses a hydraulic bearing that reduces drill string torque and prevents casing wear.
- the protector sleeve in the '297 patent can be made of a pour-molded polymer (typical polyurethane). This material has a coefficient of friction of approximately 0.2 and greater against steel casing in the presence of various drilling muds, and 0.3 and greater against rock formations. With the use of large numbers of protectors on a drill string, the resistance of the protector sleeve to sliding down the hole may increase. The same problem occurs with pulling the pipe out ofthe hole. To overcome any resistance to "sliding" it is desirable to use materials with lower coefficients of friction.
- protector sleeves operate in harsh environments with temperatures in excess of 300°F and pressures in excess of 10,000 psi, thus precluding use of many low friction materials.
- These harsh environments suggest the need for specialized high temperature materials having low coefficients of friction.
- many specialized high temperature materials are very expensive, difficult to machine, and insufficiently flexible for the existing design.
- a second problem with the rotator sleeve ofthe '297 patent is the wear on the ends ofthe sleeves.
- the '297 patent specifies the use of two collars or thrust bearings separated by a sleeve.
- the collars are rigidly attached to the rotating drill pipe; the sleeve floats on a hydraulic fluid layer between the pipe and the sleeve.
- wear occurs. This wear tends to limit the life ofthe sleeve.
- FIGS. 14 and 15 schematically illustrate a drill pipe protector sleeve that reduces the sliding friction ofthe sleeve.
- the schematic cross-sectional view of FIG. 14 shows the protector wall, a cylindrical metal cage 100 embedded in the sleeve wall, and runners 102 of a low coefficient of friction material.
- the runners are elongated parallel ribs spaced apart uniformly around the periphery ofthe sleeve.
- the runners are bolted, screwed or in some fashion attached to the cage 100 by fasteners 104 to allow proper positioning for the pouring of polyurethane around the runner inserts.
- the manufacturing procedure attaches the runners to the cage, placing the cage in the mold, pouring the urethane around the runner inserts, and curing the plastic, rubber or other composites.
- the runners are made of a specially selected material having a low coefficient of friction, good abrasion resistance, and good temperature stability.
- An example of an acceptable material is a Teflon-graphite composite. This material has the appropriate coefficient of friction and temperature resistance. However, this composite material is also difficult to machine, extremely stiff, and expensive.
- the low coefficient of friction material is cut into long blocks or ribs that are used only on the exterior sliding surfaces on the sleeve. This circumvents manufacturing problems and minimizes cost.
- the low coefficient of friction runners have a recess in the base to allow infiltration through the urethane and to the low coefficient of friction material, thus improving attachment and preventing delamination between the blocks and the urethane body.
- this improvement retains the inherent flexibility of the sleeve. Limited flexibility is beneficial because it allows the protector sleeve to tolerate impact loads from jarring and other externally applied impact. This design also reduces the coefficient of friction by approximately 65%, preserves existing manufacturing methods, and maintains existing sleeve flexibility, with only moderate cost increase.
- FIGS. 14 and 15 increases the wear life ofthe sleeve by the addition of wear pads 106 at the ends ofthe sleeves.
- the wear pads are attached to the cage 100 by the bolts or screws 104.
- the wear pads face the collars during use and are aligned at the same angle as the collar.
- the manufacturing process includes attaching the wear pads to the cage, placing the cage with wear pads in the molds, pouring the polymer around the cage assembly, and curing the sleeve material.
- the wear pads are made of an abrasion-resistant material such as a graphite, a Kevlar composite, a hard bronze (if the collars are aluminum), or brake pad material.
- abrasion-resistant material such as a graphite, a Kevlar composite, a hard bronze (if the collars are aluminum), or brake pad material.
- a variation of this concept allows the wear pads to be placed on the ends of the collars, producing a wear pad to wear pad contact. This improves the useful life of both the sleeves and the collars.
- the end bearing improvements are: (1) increased sleeve life, (2) minimum impact to existing manufacturing methods, and (3) use of several materials, allowing minimization of overall product cost.
- Non-rotating drill pipe protectors can be used either in cased or open hole applications. Both uses offer the benefit of reduced drill string torque.
- the use of a non-rotating protector sleeve also can prevent excessive casing wear by the tool joints.
- the sleeve In open hole applications, the sleeve must be able to withstand the difficult environment of intimate contact with the formation while reducing torque. Torque reduction is produced by the hydraulic fluid bearing on the interior ofthe protector sleeve, as described above, in which the drill pipe protector sleeve is retained between the two collars.
- sleeves were made from polymeric materials such as elastomers or polyurethane, and collars are typically made of aluminum.
- an open hole protector that can reduce torque from the drilling string.
- one need for this invention is for small diameter (for 2-3/8 inch diameter drill pipe) in high angle (20 degrees per 100 feet) in West Texas.
- Another need is for a five-inch non- rotating sleeve for extended reach holes in the North Sea.
- FIG. 16 shows such an improved sleeve 1 10 in which the sleeve body is made of aluminum or other suitable metal. This design provides good resistance of the sleeve O.D. to abrasion.
- the ends ofthe sleeve have annular bearing pads 1 12 which can be made of various abrasion-resistant materials.
- the preferred bearing pads are made of a tough fiber-plastic or fiber-epoxy composite. Altematively, the bearing pads can be made of bronze or a similar metal.
- the advantage of a hardened bronze is that the wear life ofthe bearing pad is greater than that of composites.
- the coefficient of friction between the aluminum collars and a bronze bearing pad tends to be greater than that of aluminum and composite bearing pads.
- the higher coefficient of friction with the bronze pads can be partially compensated for with better lubrication ofthe surface by the drilling mud.
- the bearing pads 112 have an annular recessed O.D. region 1 14 for allowing the bearing pads to be placed into machined slots and held in place with recessed screws 1 16. This allows the bearing pads to be replaced on an aluminum sleeve body. This also allows multiple uses of the same sleeve by replacing the end bearing pads.
- the profile geometry ofthe bearing pad ends can be made to conform to the geometry of the protector sleeves described above.
- the benefits of this design are: (1) increased abrasion resistance ofthe O.D. of open hole protectors, allowing greater sleeve life and greater potential for economical refurbishment, and (2) increased abrasion resistance ofthe bearing pads ofthe ends ofthe protectors, resulting in longer useful life ofthe protectors.
- a problem that can occur with the drilling of deviated holes and using large numbers of drill pipe protectors is difficulty in the efficient return of drilling mud.
- a purpose ofthe drilling fluid is to carry rock cuttings from the drill bit to the surface. If the returning drilling fluid encounters obstructions, excessive pressure and velocity loss may result in a tendency for the cuttings to settle out, reducing the hole cleaning efficiency ofthe drilling mud. These cuttings can then build up into "bridges" in the hole that can make tool removal difficult and proper hole cleaning inefficient.
- the protector sleeve can inhibit the cleaning efficiency ofthe mud.
- methods that tend to accelerate the velocity ofthe drilling mud at or near the protector can reduce the tendency for the cuttings to settle out.
- This invention provides an improvement for the drill pipe protector collars that reduces the tendency of rock cuttings to settle out at or near the protectors.
- FIGS. 17-19 show an improved drill pipe protector collar 1 18 which includes numerous exterior flutes 120 that are cut substantially the length of the collar O.D.
- the flutes are essentially trapezoidal in cross section (with rounded corners) and run longitudinally along the body ofthe collar.
- a preferred design is a flute that is approximately 3.5 inches long; the cross section ofthe flute is approximately 0.5 inches at its base nearest the I.D. ofthe collar and 0.75 inch at the O.D. ofthe collar.
- the comers ofthe trapezoid are rounded with a 0.050 inch radius.
- the cross section can be semi-circular, ellipsoidal, spiral, helical or square in shape with approximately the same length and cross-sectional area.
- a prefe ⁇ ed configuration for a collar for a five-inch diameter drill pipe includes sixteen flutes, with eight flutes on either side ofthe split in the collar ring.
- the collar halves either can be attached by a hinge or they can be fastened by bolts, as in the illustrated embodiment of FIG. 18 in which screw threaded bores 122 receive bolts for fastening the collars to the pipe.
- the bolts can include a Helicoil 123 which is a thread locking device to prevent the bolts from backing out during operation. Flutes are not cut within the hinges or the attaching bolts.
- the flutes act as blades of a rotating impeller.
- the fluid tends to be pulled into the flutes.
- the pipe rotates, the mud is sucked into the flutes and exits the end ofthe flutes.
- the mud then passes the body ofthe sleeve.
- the mud encounters the second fluted improved collar, and again is accelerated by the impeller effect ofthe second flutes.
- the result of passing the two improved fluted collars is a net acceleration ofthe drilling mud near the drill pipe protector sleeve.
- a benefit from using the improved impeller collar is that the fluted collars produce a net drilling fluid velocity increase, thus preventing the settling out of rock cuttings at or near the drill pipe protector sleeve.
- circumferential grooves 121 can be positioned in the O.D. ofthe collars to allow some flexing ofthe collars when installed on the drill pipe.
- the drill pipe protector stop collars installed above and below the protector sleeve can have removable annular wear plates of a hard protective material that resists abrasion from contact with the protector sleeve.
- the wear plates 124 are illustrated at the ends ofthe collar shown in FIGS. 18 and 19.
- the wear plates are preferably made from graphite, a Kevlar composite, a hard bronze, or other wear-resistant material having a hardness and abrasion resistance greater than the aluminum body ofthe collar.
- Tlie wear plates are fastened to the collar body by spaced apart screws 126 so that wear plate can be removed and replaced to extend the useful life ofthe collar.
- FIGS. 20-22 illustrate various combinations of drill pipe protector sleeves 130 secured to a drill pipe 132 near the pin end of a tool joint 134. (Although the protectors are shown installed near the pin end ofthe tool joint, they can be installed in the same patterns anywhere along the length ofthe drill pipe.)
- a pair of drill pipe protector sleeves 130 are installed on to drill pipe 132 between a pair of upper and lower drill pipe collars 136.
- a single intermediate drill pipe collar 138 is installed between the upper and lower protector sleeves, rather than using two separate standard drill pipe collars 136 in this area.
- the drill pipe protector sleeves can have any ofthe configurations described previously.
- the intermediate drill pipe collar 138 has opposite end configurations similar to the end bearing configurations (for interfacing the adjacent protector sleeves) ofthe drill pipe collars described previously.
- FIG. 21 illustrates an installation pattem for these spaced apart drill pipe protector sleeves 130 in which a first intermediate collar 138a separates the upper and intermediate sleeves and a second intermediate collar 138b separates the intermediate and lower protector sleeves.
- Normal drill pipe collars 136 provide stops for the top and bottom sleeves, and have tapered ends which allow the protector assembly to be easily dragged past or across obstructions or ledges in the bore hole.
- FIG. 22 is a further embodiment in which a group of three protector sleeves 130 are installed adjacent to each other on the drill pipe with the end restraints provided only by normal upper and lower drill pipe collars 136.
- a group of drill collars are installed on the drill string immediately above the drill pipe and below a stabilizer and sub.
- the drill pipe protector sleeves of this invention can be installed in series in the area ofthe drill string termed the drill collars. Their greater radius can provide more contact area with the hole, equalize fluid pressure, and keep the collars off the bottom of the (horizontal) hole which can reduce sliding friction.
- the advantage of using the drill pipe protector sleeves in this area is that they can be installed without screw threads anywhere on the pipe to prevent differential pressure in a given region.
- the protector sleeves made of metal are used in this application.
- FIGS. 23 and 24 An alternative drill pipe protector collar 140 is shown in FIGS. 23 and 24.
- the collar includes a plurality of elongated, longitudinally extending, straight, parallel axial grooves 142 spaced apart circumferentially around the I.D. of the collar.
- the grooves are preferably spaced uniformally around the I.D. ofthe collar, extend vertically, (i.e., at a right angle to the top and bottom annular ends ofthe collar) and are open ended in the sense that they open through an annular top end 144 and an annular bottom end 146 ofthe collar.
- the grooves 142 reduce circumferential stiffness ofthe collar and allow expansion and contraction of the collar I.D. in order to snugly fit variations in O.D. of drill pipes that are within API specifications.
- End slots 148 are formed in the annular top end wall 144 ofthe collar. The end slots have radially curved upper edges 149 which converge downwardly toward one another and open into a narrow generally U-shaped channel 150 at the bottom
- FIG. 25 illustrates yet another embodiment for the end slot 148 ofthe present invention.
- the configuration for end slot 148 is equally applicable for end slots located in both the drill pipe protector sleeve and the associated collars.
- This embodiment includes varying the taper profile across the thickness of the sleeve and collar.
- the taper profile is modified from other embodiments by reducing the taper angle across the thickness ofthe sleeve in the collar when traversing across the thickness from the O.D. to the I.D.
- the pu ⁇ ose of altering the profile is to increase the efficiency of the developing fluid bearing at the top of the sleeve. This is accomplished by improving the pressure profile ofthe fluid bearing.
- the pressure profile is established by the rotation ofthe collar attached to the drill pipe relative to the sleeve which is nearly motionless. Fluid moves from the annulus ofthe O.D. of the drill pipe and the I.D. ofthe sleeve to the top ofthe sleeve and collar interface. This drilling fluid then establishes a hydraulic bearing while lubricating the surfaces then moves radially toward the outside diameter of the sleeve and collar interface. Bearing lubrication and, consequently, the sleeve and collar life is improved if fluid is not squeezed from the collar and sleeve interface. If the fluid remains longer in the interface, high friction from non-lubricated surfaces is prevented.
- the vectorial sum of the fluid velocity moving across the surface is changed to a more circumferential flow. Greater circumferential flow allows for a more complete lubrication to be established on the circumference ofthe sleeve and collar interface.
- the fluid's vectorial direction effects the development of the pressure profile and hence the hydraulic bearing efficiency.
- the vectorial direction of flow establishes the location of the pressure profile of the bearing. With the described profile, the maximum pressure tends to remain within the confines of the interface for greater distances. Without lubrication, dry spots are prevented and tool life is improved. As shown in FIG.
- the profile ofthe end groove 152 includes a tapered shape which is circumferentially angled from the O.D. 154 towards the I.D. 156 resulting in a variable tapered wedge at the beginning ofthe fluid bearing.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (7)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AU74448/96A AU703107B2 (en) | 1995-10-12 | 1996-10-10 | Drill pipe/casing protector assembly |
CA002234089A CA2234089C (en) | 1995-10-12 | 1996-10-10 | Drill pipe/casing protector assembly |
GB9807100A GB2320045B (en) | 1995-10-12 | 1996-10-10 | Underground drilling systems |
NO19981654A NO323756B1 (en) | 1995-10-12 | 1998-04-08 | Drill pipe protector device |
NO20051297A NO20051297D0 (en) | 1995-10-12 | 2005-03-14 | Casing protection device |
NO20051299A NO20051299D0 (en) | 1995-10-12 | 2005-03-14 | Casing protection device |
NO20051298A NO20051298D0 (en) | 1995-10-12 | 2005-03-14 | Casing protection device |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US54209895A | 1995-10-12 | 1995-10-12 | |
US08/542,098 | 1995-10-12 |
Publications (1)
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WO1997013951A1 true WO1997013951A1 (en) | 1997-04-17 |
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Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US1996/016410 WO1997013951A1 (en) | 1995-10-12 | 1996-10-10 | Drill pipe/casing protector assembly |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5803193A (en) |
AU (1) | AU703107B2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2234089C (en) |
GB (1) | GB2320045B (en) |
NO (4) | NO323756B1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1997013951A1 (en) |
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-
1996
- 1996-09-20 US US08/710,628 patent/US5803193A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-10-10 AU AU74448/96A patent/AU703107B2/en not_active Expired
- 1996-10-10 CA CA002234089A patent/CA2234089C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-10-10 WO PCT/US1996/016410 patent/WO1997013951A1/en active Application Filing
- 1996-10-10 GB GB9807100A patent/GB2320045B/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1998
- 1998-04-08 NO NO19981654A patent/NO323756B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2005
- 2005-03-14 NO NO20051299A patent/NO20051299D0/en unknown
- 2005-03-14 NO NO20051297A patent/NO20051297D0/en unknown
- 2005-03-14 NO NO20051298A patent/NO20051298D0/en unknown
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US2388416A (en) * | 1943-09-17 | 1945-11-06 | Mont C Johnson | Casing centering device |
US3963075A (en) * | 1975-03-27 | 1976-06-15 | Evans Orde R | Centralizer for elastomer coated blast joint |
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Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US8783344B2 (en) | 2011-03-14 | 2014-07-22 | Thein Htun Aung | Integral wear pad and method |
US10352148B2 (en) | 2014-04-02 | 2019-07-16 | Landmark Graphics Corporation | Estimating casing wear using models incorporating bending stiffness |
US10597998B2 (en) | 2014-09-08 | 2020-03-24 | Landmark Graphics Corporation | Adjusting survey points post-casing for improved wear estimation |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU703107B2 (en) | 1999-03-18 |
NO20051299D0 (en) | 2005-03-14 |
NO20051297D0 (en) | 2005-03-14 |
GB2320045A (en) | 1998-06-10 |
NO981654L (en) | 1998-06-12 |
AU7444896A (en) | 1997-04-30 |
NO20051298D0 (en) | 2005-03-14 |
NO981654D0 (en) | 1998-04-08 |
NO20051299L (en) | 1998-06-12 |
NO20051298L (en) | 1998-06-12 |
US5803193A (en) | 1998-09-08 |
GB2320045B (en) | 1999-08-25 |
NO323756B1 (en) | 2007-07-02 |
CA2234089C (en) | 2004-03-02 |
CA2234089A1 (en) | 1997-04-17 |
NO20051297L (en) | 1998-06-12 |
GB9807100D0 (en) | 1998-06-03 |
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