WO1997020429A1 - Control arrangement of ccd element - Google Patents

Control arrangement of ccd element Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO1997020429A1
WO1997020429A1 PCT/FI1995/000654 FI9500654W WO9720429A1 WO 1997020429 A1 WO1997020429 A1 WO 1997020429A1 FI 9500654 W FI9500654 W FI 9500654W WO 9720429 A1 WO9720429 A1 WO 9720429A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
ccd element
control electronics
sequencer
buffer
ccd
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/FI1995/000654
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Jukka Okkonen
Kaarlo Sipola
Original Assignee
Specim Oy
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to FI942530A priority Critical patent/FI98777C/en
Application filed by Specim Oy filed Critical Specim Oy
Priority to PCT/FI1995/000654 priority patent/WO1997020429A1/en
Priority to AU39852/95A priority patent/AU3985295A/en
Publication of WO1997020429A1 publication Critical patent/WO1997020429A1/en

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
    • G01J3/28—Investigating the spectrum
    • G01J3/2823—Imaging spectrometer
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N25/00—Circuitry of solid-state image sensors [SSIS]; Control thereof

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an electro ⁇ nic system for the control of a CCD element, compri ⁇ sing a CCD element and a sequencer controlling it.
  • a CCD element compri ⁇ sing a CCD element and a sequencer controlling it.
  • various applica ⁇ tions of CCD elements for example the use of CCD ele ⁇ ments in camera applications of imaging spectroscopy.
  • Such areas include remote sensing from an aeroplane and various measurements relating to environmental conditions.
  • a line image is taken of the terrain transversely in relation to the direction of flight, which corresponds to so-called spatial in ⁇ formation. If the aeroplane flies at an altitude of e.g. 1 km, then each pixel corresponds to an area of 1m x lm in the terrain. Using a spectrograph, the pic ⁇ ture is broken up into a wavelength spectrum.
  • the CCD element consists of a number of solid state detectors, which in this application are arran- ged in the form of a matrix.
  • the CCD element is cont ⁇ rolled by means of a sequencer.
  • the application requi ⁇ res short image integration times and therefore very fast reading of the CCD element.
  • versatile functional modes are also required.
  • a CCD element in the form of a matrix con ⁇ tains a large amount of data, e.g. 384x288 pixels. In previously known control systems, A/D conversion has to be performed on each pixel, which leads to an in ⁇ creased amount of data to be stored and requires data compression.
  • the object of the invention is to eliminate the aforementioned drawbacks of prior-art solutions.
  • a specific object of the invention is ro pre ⁇ sent a new type of arrangement for the control of a CCD element, which allows the data to be A/D-converted to be selected by means of the hardware.
  • a further object of the invention is to pre ⁇ sent a device which is particularly well suited for remote sensing performed from an aeroplane, for measu ⁇ rements of environmental conditions and for fast in ⁇ dustrial applications.
  • the device of the invention is characterized in that the sequencer is connected to at least one FI ⁇ FO type buffer element, into which the commands cont ⁇ rolling the sequencer are input.
  • the device can be implemented using economic components.
  • the solution of the invention is flexible.
  • the structure (e.g. microcontroller) controlling the front end of the instrument is not required to be fast nor to be occupied with the control of the sequence, but only with maintaining an integration timer and diagnosing faults.
  • the invention provides the advantage that, with an implementation as provided by the invention, using components of an economic price, it is possible to achieve the hardware flexibility required by the applications as well as a sufficient speed.
  • a further advantage of the invention is that the loading of the control sequences can be performed using e.g. a rela ⁇ tively slow microcontroller type controlling device which receives the control commands e.g. via a serial bus.
  • the invention allows the picture taken by the CCD camera to be preliminarily compressed by the apparatus itself by selecting desired pixels for A/D conversion.
  • At least one FIFO type buffer element is connected to the sequencer control ⁇ ling the CCD element.
  • the control commands of the se ⁇ quencer are fed into the FIFO type buffer element, thus achieving flexibility and variability.
  • the first buffer element is used for controlling the status data and spectral channel bandwidth by the sequencer.
  • the status data is supplied e.g. with three bits and the spectral channel bandwidth is controlled e.g. with three bits.
  • the second buffer ele ⁇ ment is used to control a peripheral logic.
  • the clocking of the buf ⁇ fer element is done via synchronisation with the line sync clock of the detector of the sequencer.
  • the second buffer ele ⁇ ment is used for binary control of the A/D conversion of the internal spatial pixels in the spectral chan ⁇ nel.
  • the binary conversion data can be bypassed from the control logic.
  • the clocking of the buffer element is done via synchronisation with the pixel clock of the sequencer.
  • An embodiment of the CCD element control electronics of the invention comprises a control structure, such as a microcontroller.
  • the microcont- roller is used to load the buffer elements and to maintain the integration time.
  • the micro ⁇ controller is used for the loading of both buffer ele- ments and for starting the operation of the sequencer.
  • the microcontroller is used to monitor the operation of the sequencer.
  • One embodiment of the present invention is the use of the CCD element control electronics in an imaging spectromet ⁇ c device, thus making it possible to select and/or change the wavelengths to be measured with the CCD element, their bandwidths and the positi- on of the image area to be measured, during operation via a user interface.
  • the CCD element control electro- nics can preferably also be used in devicjes based on a CCD element, so that the lines and columns to be mea ⁇ sured m the image area of the CCD element can be se- lected and/or changed during operation of the device via a user interface.
  • the CCD element control electronics can preferably also be used in the control of other types of matrix detector in addition to the CCD element, so that the lines and columns to be mea- sured in the image area of the CCD element can be se ⁇ lected and/or changed during operation of the device via a user interface.
  • the aim is to achieve flexibili ⁇ ty and fast operation of the hardware when the mode is to be changed.
  • Fig. 1 presents a line image taken by means of a camera placed in an aeroplane and the spectral image resolved from it using a spectrograph, and/or a line image taken of a moving object by means of a ca ⁇ mera placed in an industrial process and the spectral image resolved from it using a spectrograph, and
  • Fig. 2 presents a block diagram representing a CCD element circuit as provided by the present in ⁇ vention.
  • Fig. 1 presents a line image obtained with a camera from . an aeroplane and resolved into a spectral image by means of a spectrograph. Horizontally with respect to the direction of flight, the image is divi ⁇ ded into 384 columns to provide spatial information. Each column is resolved by a spectrograph into 288 parts or channels to provide spectral information.
  • An image resolved in this manner can be treated by means of a device according to an embodiment of the inventi ⁇ on in four different modes. The modes are e.g. as fol- lows:
  • Fig. 2 presents an embodiment of the CCD ele ⁇ ment of the invention, comprising two FIFO type (First In, First Out) buffer elements.
  • the basic idea of this embodiment is to use a CCD element comprising both an image area and a memory area. While the preceding ima ⁇ ge is being read from the memory area, a new image can be simultaneously integrated in the image area.
  • the same embodiment is also applicable for CCD elements having only an image area. In this case, only the co- des to be loaded in the buffer elements are different.
  • the first buffer element (spatial fifo) 4 contains data indicating the status of the sequencer 3, the bandwidth of the selected wavelength and three- bit control data indicating whether it is a spectral line (CCD element line to be converted) , restart of the sequence (new image) or a waiting status (waiting for the triggering of an integrating timer) that is being dealt with.
  • the second buffer element 5 is fed with binary data indicating which pixels are to be di ⁇ gitized within each row in the spectral dimension. This data is used in the selection of both the viewing angle and the internal information contained by the selected line in the spectral dimension.
  • the control sequences are loaded into the buffer elements via a controlling structure 7, such as a micrcontroller.
  • the microcontroller is controlled e.g.
  • the incoming commands are broken up into sequences, which are loaded into the buffer elements. After this, the sequencing is started and the sequen ⁇ cer takes care of getting the required clocking data itself.
  • the controlling structure such as a micro ⁇ controller, maintains the integration time and moni ⁇ tors the sequencing to see if it is successful, based on observation between the expiration of integration time and the frame counting data. Within each image frame, the pulses of the line counter are counted, and based on this informati ⁇ on it is decided whether the operation was successful or not.
  • FIFO buffer elements are used in such a way that one of them contains higher-level commands, so-called status commands, to the sequencer circuit controlling the operation of the device, while the other buffer element contains information about the control of peripheral logic, in particular about the control of the A/D converter.
  • the A/D converter processes the data received from the detector.

Abstract

CCD element control electronics (1), comprising a CCD element (2) and a sequencer (3) controlling it. Connected to the sequencer is at least one FIFO type buffer element. The sequencer control commands are fed into the buffer.

Description

CONTROL ARRANGEMENT OF CCD-ELEMENT
The present invention relates to an electro¬ nic system for the control of a CCD element, compri¬ sing a CCD element and a sequencer controlling it. There are a large number of various applica¬ tions of CCD elements, for example the use of CCD ele¬ ments in camera applications of imaging spectroscopy. Such areas include remote sensing from an aeroplane and various measurements relating to environmental conditions.
From an aeroplane, a line image is taken of the terrain transversely in relation to the direction of flight, which corresponds to so-called spatial in¬ formation. If the aeroplane flies at an altitude of e.g. 1 km, then each pixel corresponds to an area of 1m x lm in the terrain. Using a spectrograph, the pic¬ ture is broken up into a wavelength spectrum.
The CCD element consists of a number of solid state detectors, which in this application are arran- ged in the form of a matrix. The CCD element is cont¬ rolled by means of a sequencer. The application requi¬ res short image integration times and therefore very fast reading of the CCD element. On the other hand, versatile functional modes are also required. A CCD element in the form of a matrix con¬ tains a large amount of data, e.g. 384x288 pixels. In previously known control systems, A/D conversion has to be performed on each pixel, which leads to an in¬ creased amount of data to be stored and requires data compression.
It must be possible to collect picture mate¬ rial in real time. The problem with the devices known in the art is that, when a high pixel frequency is re¬ quired, the control of the sequencer cannot be lmple- mented in the conventional manner.
The object of the invention is to eliminate the aforementioned drawbacks of prior-art solutions. A specific object of the invention is ro pre¬ sent a new type of arrangement for the control of a CCD element, which allows the data to be A/D-converted to be selected by means of the hardware. A further object of the invention is to pre¬ sent a device which is particularly well suited for remote sensing performed from an aeroplane, for measu¬ rements of environmental conditions and for fast in¬ dustrial applications. The device of the invention is characterized in that the sequencer is connected to at least one FI¬ FO type buffer element, into which the commands cont¬ rolling the sequencer are input.
According to the invention, the device can be implemented using economic components. The solution of the invention is flexible. According to the invention, the structure (e.g. microcontroller) controlling the front end of the instrument is not required to be fast nor to be occupied with the control of the sequence, but only with maintaining an integration timer and diagnosing faults.
The invention provides the advantage that, with an implementation as provided by the invention, using components of an economic price, it is possible to achieve the hardware flexibility required by the applications as well as a sufficient speed. A further advantage of the invention is that the loading of the control sequences can be performed using e.g. a rela¬ tively slow microcontroller type controlling device which receives the control commands e.g. via a serial bus.
Moreover, the invention allows the picture taken by the CCD camera to be preliminarily compressed by the apparatus itself by selecting desired pixels for A/D conversion.
In an embodiment of the CCD element control electronics of the invention, at least one FIFO type buffer element is connected to the sequencer control¬ ling the CCD element. The control commands of the se¬ quencer are fed into the FIFO type buffer element, thus achieving flexibility and variability. In an embodiment of the CCD element control electronics of the invention there are two buffer ele¬ ments. Feedback is provided from the sequencer to each buffer element. Furthermore, the first buffer element receives sequencer status information via the feedback.
In an embodiment of the CCD element control electronics of the invention, the first buffer element is used for controlling the status data and spectral channel bandwidth by the sequencer. The status data is supplied e.g. with three bits and the spectral channel bandwidth is controlled e.g. with three bits.
In an embodiment of the CCD element control electronics of the invention, the second buffer ele¬ ment is used to control a peripheral logic. In an embodiment of the CCD element control electronics of the invention, the clocking of the buf¬ fer element is done via synchronisation with the line sync clock of the detector of the sequencer.
In an embodiment of the CCD element control electronics of the invention, the second buffer ele¬ ment is used for binary control of the A/D conversion of the internal spatial pixels in the spectral chan¬ nel. When necessary, the binary conversion data can be bypassed from the control logic. The clocking of the buffer element is done via synchronisation with the pixel clock of the sequencer.
An embodiment of the CCD element control electronics of the invention comprises a control structure, such as a microcontroller. The microcont- roller is used to load the buffer elements and to maintain the integration time. Moreover, the micro¬ controller is used for the loading of both buffer ele- ments and for starting the operation of the sequencer.
In an embodiment of the CCD element control electronics of the invention, the microcontroller is used to monitor the operation of the sequencer. One embodiment of the present invention is the use of the CCD element control electronics in an imaging spectrometπc device, thus making it possible to select and/or change the wavelengths to be measured with the CCD element, their bandwidths and the positi- on of the image area to be measured, during operation via a user interface. The CCD element control electro- nics can preferably also be used in devicjes based on a CCD element, so that the lines and columns to be mea¬ sured m the image area of the CCD element can be se- lected and/or changed during operation of the device via a user interface. Further, the CCD element control electronics can preferably also be used in the control of other types of matrix detector in addition to the CCD element, so that the lines and columns to be mea- sured in the image area of the CCD element can be se¬ lected and/or changed during operation of the device via a user interface. The aim is to achieve flexibili¬ ty and fast operation of the hardware when the mode is to be changed. In the following, the invention is described in detail by referring to the attached drawing, in which
Fig. 1 presents a line image taken by means of a camera placed in an aeroplane and the spectral image resolved from it using a spectrograph, and/or a line image taken of a moving object by means of a ca¬ mera placed in an industrial process and the spectral image resolved from it using a spectrograph, and
Fig. 2 presents a block diagram representing a CCD element circuit as provided by the present in¬ vention.
Fig. 1 presents a line image obtained with a camera from . an aeroplane and resolved into a spectral image by means of a spectrograph. Horizontally with respect to the direction of flight, the image is divi¬ ded into 384 columns to provide spatial information. Each column is resolved by a spectrograph into 288 parts or channels to provide spectral information. An image resolved in this manner can be treated by means of a device according to an embodiment of the inventi¬ on in four different modes. The modes are e.g. as fol- lows:
- full spectral information or full spatial in¬ formation, all pixels of the CCD element being used,
- full spatial information in selected wavelength bands, - full spectral information for spatial view angles at equal distances (47),
- selected wavelength bands plus desired viewing angles for other lines.
This requires a controlling structure capable of a high speed and also flexibility.
Fig. 2 presents an embodiment of the CCD ele¬ ment of the invention, comprising two FIFO type (First In, First Out) buffer elements. The basic idea of this embodiment is to use a CCD element comprising both an image area and a memory area. While the preceding ima¬ ge is being read from the memory area, a new image can be simultaneously integrated in the image area. The same embodiment is also applicable for CCD elements having only an image area. In this case, only the co- des to be loaded in the buffer elements are different. The first buffer element (spatial fifo) 4 contains data indicating the status of the sequencer 3, the bandwidth of the selected wavelength and three- bit control data indicating whether it is a spectral line (CCD element line to be converted) , restart of the sequence (new image) or a waiting status (waiting for the triggering of an integrating timer) that is being dealt with. The second buffer element 5 is fed with binary data indicating which pixels are to be di¬ gitized within each row in the spectral dimension. This data is used in the selection of both the viewing angle and the internal information contained by the selected line in the spectral dimension. The control sequences are loaded into the buffer elements via a controlling structure 7, such as a micrcontroller. The microcontroller is controlled e.g. by means of a microcomputer (not shown in the figure) e.g. via a serial bus. The incoming commands are broken up into sequences, which are loaded into the buffer elements. After this, the sequencing is started and the sequen¬ cer takes care of getting the required clocking data itself. The controlling structure, such as a micro¬ controller, maintains the integration time and moni¬ tors the sequencing to see if it is successful, based on observation between the expiration of integration time and the frame counting data. Within each image frame, the pulses of the line counter are counted, and based on this informati¬ on it is decided whether the operation was successful or not. If the frame counting data has not been recei¬ ved before the expiration of integration time, then either an error has occurred in the sequencing logic or the selected integration time is too short. Based on this, a conclusion is drawn as to whether the in¬ tegration time is sufficient for the selected sequen¬ ce. To sum up, let it be stated that, in the de¬ vice of the invention, FIFO buffer elements are used in such a way that one of them contains higher-level commands, so-called status commands, to the sequencer circuit controlling the operation of the device, while the other buffer element contains information about the control of peripheral logic, in particular about the control of the A/D converter. The A/D converter processes the data received from the detector. Thus, the use of FIFO type buffer elements in the device of the invention results in a significantly improved speed of operation. The invention is not limited exclusively to the examples of its embodiments presented in the fore¬ going, but many variations are possible within the scope of the inventive idea defined by the claims.

Claims

1. CCD element control electronics (1), com¬ prising a CCD element (2) and a sequencer (3) control¬ ling it, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the CCD ele- ment control electronics comprises at least one buffer element (4,5) which is of the FIFO type and is connec¬ ted to the sequencer, the sequencer control commands being fed into said buffer.
2. CCD element control electronics as defined in claim 1, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that it compri¬ ses two buffer elements (4,5) . π
3. CCD element control electronics as defined in claim 1 or 2, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that there is feedback from the sequencer to the buffer elements.
4. CCD element control electronics as defined in claim 3, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the first buffer element (4) receives sequencer status data via the feedback.
5. CCD element control electronics as defined in claim 2, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the first buffer element is arranged to be used for controlling the status data and spectral channel bandwidth by me¬ ans of the sequencer.
6. CCD element control electronics as defined in claim 2, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the second buffer element is arranged to control a peripheral lo¬ gic (6) .
7. CCD element control electronics as defined in claim 2, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the clocking of the buffer element is synchronised with the line sync clock of the detector of the sequencer.
8. CCD element control electronics as defined in claim 2, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the second buffer element is arranged _o control the A/D conver- sion of the internal spatial pixels in the spectral channel.
9. CCD element control electronics as defined m claim 2, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the clocking of the buffer element is synchronised with the pixel clock of the sequencer.
10. CCD element control electronics as de- fined in claim 1, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the
CCD element control electronics comprises a control¬ ling structure, such as a microcontroller (7), arran¬ ged to load the buffer elements.
11. CCD element control electronics as de- fined in claim 10, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the controlling structure, such as a microcontroller, is arranged to maintain the integration time.
12. CCD element control electronics as de¬ fined m claim 10, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the controlling structure, such as a microcontroller, is arranged to load both buffer elements and to start the operation of the sequencer.
13. CCD element control electronics as de¬ fined in claim 10, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the controlling structure, such as a microcontroller, is arranged to monitor the operation of the sequencer.
14. Use of CCD element control electronics as defined in any one of the preceding claims 1 - 13 in an imaging spectrometric device comprising a user m- terface, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the wave¬ lengths to be measured with the CCD element, their bandwidths and the positions of the image area to be measured are selected and/or changed during operation via the user interface.
15. Use of CCD element control electronics as defined m any one of the preceding claims 1 - 13 in devices based on a CCD element, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the lines and columns to be neasured in the image area of the CCD element are selected and/or changed during operation of the device via the user interface.
16. Use of CCD element control electronics as defined in any one of the preceding claims 1 - 13 in the control a matrix detector, c h a r a c t e r i z e α in that the lines and columns to be measured in the image area of the CCD element are selected and/or changed during operation of the device via the user interface.
PCT/FI1995/000654 1994-05-30 1995-11-27 Control arrangement of ccd element WO1997020429A1 (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FI942530A FI98777C (en) 1994-05-30 1994-05-30 CCD element control arrangement
PCT/FI1995/000654 WO1997020429A1 (en) 1994-05-30 1995-11-27 Control arrangement of ccd element
AU39852/95A AU3985295A (en) 1995-11-27 1995-11-27 Control arrangement of ccd element

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FI942530A FI98777C (en) 1994-05-30 1994-05-30 CCD element control arrangement
PCT/FI1995/000654 WO1997020429A1 (en) 1994-05-30 1995-11-27 Control arrangement of ccd element

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1997020429A1 true WO1997020429A1 (en) 1997-06-05

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Country Status (2)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19850335B4 (en) * 1998-11-02 2008-06-05 Metso Paper Automation Oy Device for detecting properties of a longitudinally transported web

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US4430673A (en) * 1981-06-24 1984-02-07 The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration Programmable scan/read circuitry for charge coupled device imaging detectors
EP0265302A1 (en) * 1986-09-19 1988-04-27 Thomson-Csf Fast video imaging system using an optical charge transfer sensor organised in a matrix form
DE3744128C2 (en) * 1987-12-24 1990-07-26 Heering, W., Prof. Dr., 7513 Stutensee, De
EP0533252A1 (en) * 1991-09-18 1993-03-24 Societe Anonyme D'etudes Et Realisations Nucleaires S.O.D.E.R.N. Programmable image scanner
US5379065A (en) * 1992-06-22 1995-01-03 The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration Programmable hyperspectral image mapper with on-array processing
US5402168A (en) * 1992-06-16 1995-03-28 Thomson-Csf Multi-standard observation camera and a surveillance system using the camera
US5428390A (en) * 1994-01-21 1995-06-27 Texas Instruments Incorporated Apparatus and method for focal plane zoom and pan

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4430673A (en) * 1981-06-24 1984-02-07 The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration Programmable scan/read circuitry for charge coupled device imaging detectors
EP0265302A1 (en) * 1986-09-19 1988-04-27 Thomson-Csf Fast video imaging system using an optical charge transfer sensor organised in a matrix form
DE3744128C2 (en) * 1987-12-24 1990-07-26 Heering, W., Prof. Dr., 7513 Stutensee, De
EP0533252A1 (en) * 1991-09-18 1993-03-24 Societe Anonyme D'etudes Et Realisations Nucleaires S.O.D.E.R.N. Programmable image scanner
US5402168A (en) * 1992-06-16 1995-03-28 Thomson-Csf Multi-standard observation camera and a surveillance system using the camera
US5379065A (en) * 1992-06-22 1995-01-03 The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration Programmable hyperspectral image mapper with on-array processing
US5428390A (en) * 1994-01-21 1995-06-27 Texas Instruments Incorporated Apparatus and method for focal plane zoom and pan

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19850335B4 (en) * 1998-11-02 2008-06-05 Metso Paper Automation Oy Device for detecting properties of a longitudinally transported web

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FI942530A (en) 1995-12-01
FI942530A0 (en) 1994-05-30
FI98777C (en) 1997-08-11
FI98777B (en) 1997-04-30

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