WO1997040463A1 - Method for the administration of health care employing a computer generated model - Google Patents
Method for the administration of health care employing a computer generated model Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1997040463A1 WO1997040463A1 PCT/US1997/006685 US9706685W WO9740463A1 WO 1997040463 A1 WO1997040463 A1 WO 1997040463A1 US 9706685 W US9706685 W US 9706685W WO 9740463 A1 WO9740463 A1 WO 9740463A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- care
- health care
- platform
- model
- patient
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G16—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
- G16H—HEALTHCARE INFORMATICS, i.e. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE HANDLING OR PROCESSING OF MEDICAL OR HEALTHCARE DATA
- G16H40/00—ICT specially adapted for the management or administration of healthcare resources or facilities; ICT specially adapted for the management or operation of medical equipment or devices
- G16H40/20—ICT specially adapted for the management or administration of healthcare resources or facilities; ICT specially adapted for the management or operation of medical equipment or devices for the management or administration of healthcare resources or facilities, e.g. managing hospital staff or surgery rooms
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G16—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
- G16H—HEALTHCARE INFORMATICS, i.e. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE HANDLING OR PROCESSING OF MEDICAL OR HEALTHCARE DATA
- G16H50/00—ICT specially adapted for medical diagnosis, medical simulation or medical data mining; ICT specially adapted for detecting, monitoring or modelling epidemics or pandemics
- G16H50/50—ICT specially adapted for medical diagnosis, medical simulation or medical data mining; ICT specially adapted for detecting, monitoring or modelling epidemics or pandemics for simulation or modelling of medical disorders
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G16—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
- G16H—HEALTHCARE INFORMATICS, i.e. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE HANDLING OR PROCESSING OF MEDICAL OR HEALTHCARE DATA
- G16H70/00—ICT specially adapted for the handling or processing of medical references
- G16H70/20—ICT specially adapted for the handling or processing of medical references relating to practices or guidelines
Definitions
- This invention relates to methods for the administration of health care in a health care network, and particularly to the administration of the treatment of a given patient for a given medical diagnosis.
- the health care network may be a hospital alone, or may include a continuation of the treatment of the patient at a location remote from the hospital, such as home care as a follow-on aspect of the treatment.
- a relatively recent method for administration of the care of a patient in a health care facility employs the concept of compiling a listing of the care events which are to take place for a given medical diagnosis and to distribute this listing to the various departments or units within the health care facility to alert these departments or units of their respective responsibilities with respect to a given patient admitted to the health care facility for treatment for the given medical diagnosis.
- a listing associated with this method is commonly referred to as a "clinical pathway" .
- Some clinical pathways are relatively detailed as to the responsibilities of the various departments or units within the health care facility. However, these prior clinical pathways suffer from their inflexibility. Provision for conditional factors that may occur during the course of the administration of the treatment regimen, hence reconstruction of the clinical pathway in the event of changes due to patient reaction to treatment, etc.
- Figure 1 is a pictorial representation of a model which depicts various features of the present invention
- Figure 2 is an exploded view of the model depicted in Figure 1; and ,
- Figure 3A and 3B are a flow diagram depicting various steps of the present invention.
- a virtual platform which is representative of the medical diagnosis for the patient.
- This platform provides primarily an identification of the treatment regimen for the given patient, for a given medical diagnosis, irrespective of constants or variables which go to make up a medical treatment regimen for the given medical diagnosis.
- Upon this platform there is constructed a series of care events which are to be associated with the treatment regimen for the given medical diagnosis.
- the resources which are to be brought to bear as a part of the treatment regimen for the given medical diagnosis are identified and associated with an appropriate care event, including physical facilities of the health care facility, human resources, medical supplies, instrumentation, etc.
- each of these care events and each of the resources is provided with a unique identifier which is suitable for manipulation employing a computer.
- the resources may be grouped as "resource bundles" (e.g., a plurality of disposable surgical supplies) or "care activities" (e.g., intubation, including equipment, supplies, personnel, etc.)
- each of the care events and each of the resources is treated as an object.
- Objects to be associated with a given treatment regimen are selected for incorporation into the treatment regimen for a given medical diagnosis and compiled to develop a model which can be provided in visual form for the guidance of the health care workers of a health care facility in carrying out the treatment regimen.
- the platform for a given medical diagnosis is supplied with data which is global with respect to the medical diagnosis.
- This data may include such information as the necessity of and times for checking the patient's blood pressure, for the taking of blood samples, etc. during the course of the patient's stay in the facility.
- the platform is supplied with data representative of patient identification and medical history, current medical data relating to the patient, such as weight, current blood pressure, etc.
- the platform may be provided with a plurality of conditional factors relating to possible patient- specific information. For example, if a patient is obese, the treatment regimen often will require additional and/or different identifiable supplies, or additional human resources, or different dietary requirements. In the present method, this information is provided to the platform by means of conditional factors that are selected and thereby made nonconditional . Once made nonconditional, these factors are available for incorporation into the model. Conditional factors may be global in that they apply across the entire spectrum of the treatment regimen, or they may be specific to a given care event or resource.
- the present method provides for the presentation of conditional factors at any desired location within the model, and importantly, provides for the recompilation of the model each time a conditional factor is made nonconditional, thereby providing for distribution throughout the model (or remaining portion thereof) of the resultant (s) of making the factor nonconditional.
- This flexibility of recompiling the model permits the health care facility to immediately respond to situations which arise in the course of administration of the treatment regimen. These situations may be planned for in advance and a proper response may be preset in the computer, or they may be unexpected in which event the health care worker can add to the model the resources which are proper 5
- each of the care events and each of the resources available in a health care facility as objects, each of which possesses a unique identifier and, as appropriate, properties. These properties may include such things as time, space, quantity, name, monetary cost, etc.
- these objects, with their properties may be manipulated readily and rapidly at any point in time during the treatment regimen to present immediately to the health care worker a revised version of the model that includes modifications in the treatment regimen which are dictated by input to the model by the health care worker, such as by making a conditional factor nonconditional.
- any modifications to the initially developed treatment regimen may be instantly made known throughout the network, and, if needed, to alert certain departments of the health care facility to take emergency action.
- steps through which data items may be entered into the model as the treatment regimen is implemented. For example, as the results of blood tests on a patient become available, these results may be entered into the model as data and thereby be available for a variety of purposes, such as calling attention to a trend in white blood cell counts, etc.
- the present method provides for the recordation, and immediate availability to other health care workers, of various treatments such as the administration of medication, the recording of a surgical procedure, etc.
- the final compiled model represents a full record of the treatment regimen that is actually experienced by the patient during the duration of their care by the health care facility.
- the final compiled model can provide the health care facility with its actual cost of providing the treatment regimen. Obviously such cost information may be useful for various purposes, such as invoicing for the services provided.
- Figure 1 there is presented a physical representation of a computer generated model of a treatment regimen for a given medical diagnosis.
- the model of Figures 1 and 2 is not necessarily the output from a computer, for the output from a computer more commonly is in the form of a printed set of information or instructions, or combination thereof.
- the model depicted in Figures 1 and 2 can be very useful in demonstrating to health care workers a particular treatment regimen and the responsibilities which the model assigns to them or their department.
- the model further may be employed to explain to a patient the treatment regimen which is anticipated during their stay in the health care facility.
- the depicted model comprises a platform 10, which in the computer comprises a virtual platform.
- the platform represents a given medical diagnosis and a unique identifier, which is manipulatable by a computer, is assigned to the platform.
- Onto this platform there is constructed a series of care events 12, 14, and 16, each being assigned a unique identifier which is manipulatable by the computer.
- This identifier identifies to the computer the care event.
- properties may be assigned to the care event. These properties are dependent upon the information desired to be associated with the care event.
- the care event 12 is labeled CE ADMIT in Figures 1 and 2. This is the care event during which a patient is admitted to the health care facility.
- the CE ADMIT care event is assigned a human resource 18, labeled R-E in the Figures. This human resource has assigned to it properties such as identification of the resource (name and/or job title of the human resource) , and the cost of the human resource. Further, since the CE ADMIT care event involves collection and recording of data, a DAT resource object 20 is associated with the CE ADMIT care event. This data may include such items as preadmission physical examination results for the patient, identification of the patient, etc.
- a surgical care event 14 which is labeled CE SURGICAL in Figures 1 and 2.
- this care event may have assigned to it one or more care activities (CA) such as anesthesia (ANES) 22 and surgery (SURG) 24.
- the ANES care activity has assigned to it a resource bundle object (RB) 26 containing supplies required to carry out the anesthesia care activity.
- RB resource bundle object
- R-E human resource object
- R-I instrument resource object
- the SURG care activity 24 has assigned to it a resource bundle (RB) 32, a human resource (R-E) 34 and a data object (DAT) 36.
- This DAT object provides for recordation of various activities associated with the surgical procedure, including a record of the surgical activity, the patient's vital signs during surgery, etc.
- CE-DISCHARGE discharge care event
- R-S supply resource objects
- the platform may be provided with one or more DAT objects 50, 52 and 54, as needed, for accepting and recording data associated with the treatment regimen and which is global to the treatment regimen, as opposed to being specific for a care event.
- information relating to the identification of the medical diagnosis may be added to the platform via the DAT object 50.
- the actual data is represented by the objects 51, 53 and 55.
- Additional data representative of global information relating to the medical diagnosis or global information relating to the treatment regimen is added to the platform as further DAT object 52.
- still further global information, such as patient identification may be added to the platform via further DAT object 54.
- each object is an independent entity in that it can be removed from the platform at any time, replaced with another object which may be like or different from the removed object, or the same object may be assigned to different care events.
- the surgeon may have a function following surgery which is in addition to his function during surgery. Additional objects can be added to the platform as the treatment procedure progresses and medical situations, either anticipated or unanticipated, occur which require modification of the treatment regimen.
- each of the platform, the care events, the care activities, the resources, the data, and their respective assigned identifiers and properties constitute information to be input into the memory of a computer.
- each resource that is available to the health care facility and each resource must be assigned a unique identifier, such as an alpha, numeric or alpha/numerical identifier.
- each resource and each care event may be assigned properties. This information is also entered into the computer and follows the resource wherever the resource is positioned in a treatment regimen. By association, some resources will follow one or more care events wherever the care events are positioned in a treatment regimen.
- the health care facility selects those care events and/or resources which are to be brought to bear in the course of carrying out a treatment regimen for a given medical diagnosis.
- each care event and each resource is treated as an object.
- the selected objects are compiled. This compilation activity is depicted in Figures 2A - 2C.
- Figure 2A for the depicted given platform 10, (a given medical diagnosis) , there is selected a CE ADMIT care event 12.
- the DAT object 20 and R-E object 18 are selected for association with the care event 12.
- a CE SURGICAL care event 14 is selected for adding to the platform.
- An ANES care activity 22 and a SURG care activity 24 are selected for association with the care event 14.
- RB resource bundles 26 and 32 are selected and associated with the ANES and SURG care activities, respectively.
- a R-E object 28 e.g., an anesthetist
- a R-I (resource instrumentation) object 30 are selected and associated with the ANES care activity 22.
- a further R-E object 34 e.g., a surgeon
- a DAT object 36 are selected and added to the SURG care event 24.
- a CE DISCHARGE care event 16 is selected and associated with the platform 10.
- DAT objects 50, 52, and 54 are selected, as needed, and associated with the platform as global objects having information which is useful throughout the platform.
- one or more factors relating to the treatment regimen may be made conditional. That is, the present method provides, for example, that if the surgeon is to be Dr. Jones (a human resource object) and the treatment regimen is a Lap Choly Diagnostic with possible Lap Choly procedure, provision is made for automatic inclusion in the model of those supply resource objects that Dr. Jones requires, or if the surgeon is to be Dr. Smith, provision is made for automatic inclusion in the model of those supply resource objects which Dr.
- Dr. Jones requires, all to the exclusion of a "standard” grouping of supply resources. Selection of Dr. Jones or Dr. Smith is a "conditional event". Selection of Dr. Jones as the surgeon makes his associated listing of supply resource objects P T
- Nonconditional thereby excluding the inclusion in the model of either the standard or default listing of supply resource or the listing of supply resource objects which are associated with Dr.Smith.
- the latter conditional refers to the possibility that the Lap Diagnostic (ICD-9) becomes a Lap Choly Procedure (51.23) , and when made nonconditional, results in inclusion in the model of supply bundle object SB-OM12883538 (C) and its associated supply objects OM22990EEP05 and OM22990EAA05. In like manner, selection of Dr.
- the method of the present invention comprises the steps of identifying the resources employed in or by the health care facility and assigning a unique identifier and/or properties to each identified resource.
- the identifier, as well as the properties assigned to the resource may be an alpha, numeric or alpha/numerical identifier which is manipulatable by a computer. These identifiers are stored within the computer's memory in a manner which makes them accessible to the computer for manipulation, such as in a database.
- a resource may be an item of supply, an instrument, a health care worker, a consulting physician, a surgical suite, or any other resource which may be brought to bear in the implementation of a treatment regimen for a patient in the health care facility.
- the resource may be supplied by the health care facility or may be supplied from a source outside the facility.
- the resource is treated within the computer as an object.
- This object is independent of every other object except as it may be assigned one or more properties which associate it with one or more other objects.
- This treatment of the resource and its properties is important to the present invention in that it permits the computer to include the resource, or multiples of the resource, in any location on any platform unless the object is specifically designated for use with some other object or platform.
- selection of the object carries with its selection its association with other objects. For example, a scalpel is a resource.
- This object may be used in any of many locations within a health care facility, such as in an emergency room, in a day surgery department, or in a surgical suite.
- This object therefore, would be assigned a unique identifier, but would not likely be assigned a property which associated the scalpel with any other object, but rather when selecting resources for a given treatment regimen, the scalpel resource would have to be specifically selected, and associated with, the given treatment regimen at a proper location within the regimen.
- the scalpel since the scalpel is treated as an object, it is available to be included as an object within a bundle of resources selected for association with a particular care event (another object) .
- Some care events are applicable to one or more treatment regimens, hence are available for inclusion in different platforms.
- the model can be accessed in the computer, modified to include a scalpel, and recompiled to present a revised model.
- the original model would remain stored in the computer for use when next again it was needed in planning the treatment regimen for another patient for the same medical diagnosis.
- a platform is identified for the treatment regimen for a given medical diagnosis, for example, a Lap Diagnostic with Possible Lap Choly Procedure.
- a sample compiled master model setting forth a treatment regimen for this medical diagnosis, with conditional objects associated with certain of the objects incorporated in the model is given below as TABLE I :
- OM3642090042 Goen Surgical Stn w/twl XLG EA SB-HOS20883 Surgeon Preference for Lap Diag/Choly
- TABLE II A sample compiled model with conditional objects compiled to the care event level, for the same medical diagnosis as in TABLE I, is given below as TABLE II
- OM3642090042 Goen Surgical Stn w/twl XLG 2 0 EA H033725 Reinforced Gown w/twl XLG 1 0 EA H033857 Safety Shield 1 0 EA HOLKR1KT Laparoscopic Chole 1 0 EA H076839218 Basin, Stainless Steel, 7000cc 1 0 EA
- the sample compiled master model for the Lap Diagnostic with Possible Lap Choly Procedure includes an identifier, namely "PW-511125A" for the platform at the first level.
- various data objects identified as DE100350, DE21500, DE30105 and DE30122.
- Each data object has assigned to it a description (a property) , and/or other properties such as, frame size, QPA, and an index.
- These data objects are global and therefore are modeled at the platform level.
- the depicted care events may have no properties assigned to them, but they commonly do have associated therewith a plurality of supply objects as are set forth in TABLES I, II and III.
- the identifier for each object may itself provide information relating to the object, such as the indentity of the supplier of a disposable supply items, the reorder number for the supply items, etc.
- care event CE-OPRM0620 has associated with it a supply bundle object SB-DERCART30.
- this supply bundle object has associated therewith supply objects DRTPAK-LAB; DR56-11099; DR56-11208; and DR56-11359.
- the supply objects associated with SB-DERCART30 also have QPA, index and UOM properties assigned to them.
- TABLE II provides information as to the individual supply objects which have been selected to be associated with the Lap Diagnostic with Possible Lap Choly Procedure, and TABLE III shows these same supply objects, but with certain of the supply objects being bundled into supply bundles.
- the contents of each supply bundle are given in TABLE III for purposes of ordering, inventorying and/or delivery to a use site, of the supplies, for example.
- the QPA property represent the quantity per assembly of each listed resource. That is, what quantity of the listed resource is to be employed in the modeled treatment regimen, based upon the unit of measure (UOM) assigned to the resource.
- the index property serves to differentiate which one of two (or more) identical objects is to be associated with another object.
- all the listed objects which have a UOM measured as "EA" are assigned an index of "0".
- the "0" index indicates that the indexed object is to be included in the given model in an amount indicated by the UOM property assigned to the object.
- the UOM is in units of time, however, such as where including in the model an Operating Room Registered Nurse (LR10800) , in some procedures it is required that there be an option of including in the model two or more nurses.
- the surgical aspect of the procedure is to require 45 minutes of time, then it becomes necessary to be able to select one nurse for 45 minutes or two (or more) nurses for 45 minutes each.
- the capability is provided for by listing, as individual labor objects, two (or more) identical Operating Room Registered Nurses (e.g. LR10800) , each having a UOM of 45 minutes assigned to them.
- LR10800 Operating Room Registered Nurses
- LR10800's are also assigned an index of "1". If, on the other hand, more than one nurse is required for the procedure, more than one LR10800 will be assigned an index of "0" . This, or a similar technique, is required to ensure that only one nurse for 45 minutes is selected as opposed to one nurse for 90 minutes .
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP97928622A EP0981794A1 (en) | 1996-04-23 | 1997-04-23 | Method for the administration of health care employing a computer generated model |
JP09538266A JP2001500290A (en) | 1996-04-23 | 1997-04-23 | How to manage healthcare using computer-generated models |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US63656096A | 1996-04-23 | 1996-04-23 | |
US08/636,560 | 1996-04-23 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO1997040463A1 true WO1997040463A1 (en) | 1997-10-30 |
Family
ID=24552427
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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PCT/US1997/006685 WO1997040463A1 (en) | 1996-04-23 | 1997-04-23 | Method for the administration of health care employing a computer generated model |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
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EP (1) | EP0981794A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2001500290A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2252698A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1997040463A1 (en) |
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2354853A (en) * | 1999-06-09 | 2001-04-04 | Curapath Systems Inc | Computer modelling of health care procedures |
WO2001095232A2 (en) * | 2000-06-02 | 2001-12-13 | Drason Consulting Services, Llc | Method and system for scheduling employees in a patient care environment |
EP1191472A1 (en) * | 2000-09-22 | 2002-03-27 | Activa Care AB | Method and system for efficient distribution of resources for care and service needs |
FR2814832A1 (en) * | 2000-07-20 | 2002-04-05 | Ge Medical Tech Serv | SOURCES OF INTEGRATED MULTIPLE BIOMEDICAL INFORMATION |
US6578002B1 (en) * | 1998-11-25 | 2003-06-10 | Gregory John Derzay | Medical diagnostic system service platform |
EP1627357A2 (en) * | 2003-05-16 | 2006-02-22 | Marc Shapiro | System and method for managing an endoscopic lab |
US7457765B2 (en) | 2000-06-02 | 2008-11-25 | Drason Consulting Services, Llc | Method and system for scheduling employees in a patient care environment |
US7587329B2 (en) | 2000-06-02 | 2009-09-08 | Drason Consulting Services, Llc | Method and system for optimizing employee scheduling in a patient care environment |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6197436B1 (en) | 1997-10-23 | 2001-03-06 | Jamar Venture Corporation | Method and composition for diffusion alloying of ferrous materials |
CN116798636B (en) * | 2022-03-14 | 2024-03-26 | 数坤(北京)网络科技股份有限公司 | Medical diagnostic method and related apparatus |
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US5065315A (en) * | 1989-10-24 | 1991-11-12 | Garcia Angela M | System and method for scheduling and reporting patient related services including prioritizing services |
US5265010A (en) * | 1990-05-15 | 1993-11-23 | Hewlett-Packard Company | Method and apparatus for performing patient documentation |
US5365425A (en) * | 1993-04-22 | 1994-11-15 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force | Method and system for measuring management effectiveness |
US5471382A (en) * | 1994-01-10 | 1995-11-28 | Informed Access Systems, Inc. | Medical network management system and process |
US5557514A (en) * | 1994-06-23 | 1996-09-17 | Medicode, Inc. | Method and system for generating statistically-based medical provider utilization profiles |
-
1997
- 1997-04-23 JP JP09538266A patent/JP2001500290A/en active Pending
- 1997-04-23 WO PCT/US1997/006685 patent/WO1997040463A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1997-04-23 CA CA002252698A patent/CA2252698A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1997-04-23 EP EP97928622A patent/EP0981794A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (5)
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US5065315A (en) * | 1989-10-24 | 1991-11-12 | Garcia Angela M | System and method for scheduling and reporting patient related services including prioritizing services |
US5265010A (en) * | 1990-05-15 | 1993-11-23 | Hewlett-Packard Company | Method and apparatus for performing patient documentation |
US5365425A (en) * | 1993-04-22 | 1994-11-15 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force | Method and system for measuring management effectiveness |
US5471382A (en) * | 1994-01-10 | 1995-11-28 | Informed Access Systems, Inc. | Medical network management system and process |
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Cited By (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6578002B1 (en) * | 1998-11-25 | 2003-06-10 | Gregory John Derzay | Medical diagnostic system service platform |
GB2354853A (en) * | 1999-06-09 | 2001-04-04 | Curapath Systems Inc | Computer modelling of health care procedures |
WO2001095232A2 (en) * | 2000-06-02 | 2001-12-13 | Drason Consulting Services, Llc | Method and system for scheduling employees in a patient care environment |
WO2001095232A3 (en) * | 2000-06-02 | 2003-03-13 | Drason Consulting Services Llc | Method and system for scheduling employees in a patient care environment |
US7457765B2 (en) | 2000-06-02 | 2008-11-25 | Drason Consulting Services, Llc | Method and system for scheduling employees in a patient care environment |
US7587329B2 (en) | 2000-06-02 | 2009-09-08 | Drason Consulting Services, Llc | Method and system for optimizing employee scheduling in a patient care environment |
FR2814832A1 (en) * | 2000-07-20 | 2002-04-05 | Ge Medical Tech Serv | SOURCES OF INTEGRATED MULTIPLE BIOMEDICAL INFORMATION |
EP1191472A1 (en) * | 2000-09-22 | 2002-03-27 | Activa Care AB | Method and system for efficient distribution of resources for care and service needs |
EP1627357A2 (en) * | 2003-05-16 | 2006-02-22 | Marc Shapiro | System and method for managing an endoscopic lab |
EP1627357A4 (en) * | 2003-05-16 | 2010-01-06 | Marc Shapiro | System and method for managing an endoscopic lab |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP2001500290A (en) | 2001-01-09 |
EP0981794A1 (en) | 2000-03-01 |
CA2252698A1 (en) | 1997-10-30 |
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