WO1998023087A1 - Subliminal message protection - Google Patents
Subliminal message protection Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1998023087A1 WO1998023087A1 PCT/SE1997/001909 SE9701909W WO9823087A1 WO 1998023087 A1 WO1998023087 A1 WO 1998023087A1 SE 9701909 W SE9701909 W SE 9701909W WO 9823087 A1 WO9823087 A1 WO 9823087A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- frame
- energy
- context change
- difference
- frames
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N5/00—Details of television systems
- H04N5/44—Receiver circuitry for the reception of television signals according to analogue transmission standards
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N7/00—Television systems
- H04N7/24—Systems for the transmission of television signals using pulse code modulation
- H04N7/52—Systems for transmission of a pulse code modulated video signal with one or more other pulse code modulated signals, e.g. an audio signal or a synchronizing signal
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T7/00—Image analysis
- G06T7/20—Analysis of motion
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
- H04N21/40—Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
- H04N21/43—Processing of content or additional data, e.g. demultiplexing additional data from a digital video stream; Elementary client operations, e.g. monitoring of home network or synchronising decoder's clock; Client middleware
- H04N21/431—Generation of visual interfaces for content selection or interaction; Content or additional data rendering
- H04N21/4318—Generation of visual interfaces for content selection or interaction; Content or additional data rendering by altering the content in the rendering process, e.g. blanking, blurring or masking an image region
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
- H04N21/40—Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
- H04N21/43—Processing of content or additional data, e.g. demultiplexing additional data from a digital video stream; Elementary client operations, e.g. monitoring of home network or synchronising decoder's clock; Client middleware
- H04N21/433—Content storage operation, e.g. storage operation in response to a pause request, caching operations
- H04N21/4334—Recording operations
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
- H04N21/40—Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
- H04N21/43—Processing of content or additional data, e.g. demultiplexing additional data from a digital video stream; Elementary client operations, e.g. monitoring of home network or synchronising decoder's clock; Client middleware
- H04N21/44—Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing a video clip retrieved from local storage with an incoming video stream, rendering scenes according to MPEG-4 scene graphs
- H04N21/44008—Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing a video clip retrieved from local storage with an incoming video stream, rendering scenes according to MPEG-4 scene graphs involving operations for analysing video streams, e.g. detecting features or characteristics in the video stream
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
- H04N21/40—Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
- H04N21/47—End-user applications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
- H04N21/40—Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
- H04N21/47—End-user applications
- H04N21/488—Data services, e.g. news ticker
- H04N21/4882—Data services, e.g. news ticker for displaying messages, e.g. warnings, reminders
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
- H04N21/80—Generation or processing of content or additional data by content creator independently of the distribution process; Content per se
- H04N21/81—Monomedia components thereof
- H04N21/812—Monomedia components thereof involving advertisement data
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
- H04N21/80—Generation or processing of content or additional data by content creator independently of the distribution process; Content per se
- H04N21/83—Generation or processing of protective or descriptive data associated with content; Content structuring
- H04N21/835—Generation of protective data, e.g. certificates
- H04N21/8358—Generation of protective data, e.g. certificates involving watermark
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N5/00—Details of television systems
- H04N5/14—Picture signal circuitry for video frequency region
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N5/00—Details of television systems
- H04N5/14—Picture signal circuitry for video frequency region
- H04N5/147—Scene change detection
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
- H04N21/40—Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
- H04N21/47—End-user applications
- H04N21/478—Supplemental services, e.g. displaying phone caller identification, shopping application
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a system and to a method for protecting an observer from subliminal messages.
- Subliminal messages are messages that are sent in a manner such as to be undetectable consciously by an observer. Subliminal messages are hidden suggestions that can only be perceived by the subconscious. In video communication, a subliminal message can be flashed so quickly that the viewer will not be aware of having seen the message. The viewer can, nevertheless, be influenced by the message content.
- a subliminal advertisement that is sent while the viewer is studying the latest televised news from the stock market. The advertisement may inform the viewer that ACME chocolate is good to eat, but is flashed so quickly that the viewer is unaware that he/she has been subjected to an advertisement.
- Some viewers can be influenced subconsciously by the advertisement, and later feel an unexplainable longing for ACME chocolate.
- Image sequences also include a row of different frames in order to enable a moving image to be transmitted in the most effective manner possible.
- a frame contains image information that is presented on a medium, possibly together with further frames, to form an image or picture. For instance, an interlaced image is comprised of two frames.
- the term frame will be used consistently throughout the following description. By frame is meant information that is used to compile an image.
- a frame can itself include a complete image, or solely parts of an image, or information from which an image can be calculated
- An I-frame is a complete frame that includes image information. Because an I-frame contains a great deal of information, it is expensive to transfer.
- a new P-frame can be formed from an I-frame or from a P-frame.
- a P-frame, (prediction frame) is formed by transferring to the receiver side movement vectors and DFD (Displaced Frame ⁇ Difference) related to the preceding frame.
- the movement vectors describe how objects in the preceding frame shall be moved to form the P-frame.
- DFD describes how the calculated P-frame differs from the original image. The difference between the values of each pixel in the calculated frame and in the original frame can be calculated with regard to black-white frames .
- a colour frame that uses RGB (Red, Green, Blue) can be transformed to a form in which one portion consists of a luminance part. The luminance part can be used to calculate the DFD, in this case.
- a P-frame is more cost-effective than an I-frame, since movement vectors plus DFD contain much less information than a corresponding I-frame would contain.
- B- frames which are calculated from preceding and succeeding P- frames.
- subliminal message is also used to describe a code where a number of encrypted messages are encoded within the same set of symbols. This has no relationship at all with the present invention.
- U.S. 5,151,788 is a system for identifying and eliminating advertisements in and from a video signal, by detecting blank images.
- the concept of this solution cannot be applied to subliminal messages, because subliminal messages are not normally preceded by a blank image.
- FR 2,622,077 Described in FR 2,622,077 is a system for detecting discontinuities between images, by analyzing an analogue video signal line-by-line.
- the concept is not applicable to the present invention, since subliminal messages do not differ from other signals when considered line-by-line.
- the present invention addresses the aforesaid problems, by detecting subliminal messages and warning an observer of their presence.
- the object of the present invention is thus to protect an observer against subliminal messages.
- the aforesaid problems are solved by the present invention, by detecting subliminal messages and warning an observer of their presence, by detecting a context change between two frames .
- first context change between two frames .
- second context change occurs between a further two frames within a predetermined time period
- the frames accommodated within the two context changes are defined as an subliminal message.
- an alarm is sent to an observer .
- a context change can be defined as a major change in the content of a frame; c.f. a scene change, for instance.
- a frame point can be defined as a value in a point in an image that together with other frame points compiles said image .
- the present invention provides the advantage of enabling subliminal messages to be detected and stored for later analysis. Another advantage is that an observer can be protected against and warned of the presence of subliminal messages.
- Figure 1 is an overview of one embodiment according to the invention .
- Figure 2 is a flowchart illustrating one embodiment of the invention .
- FIG. 3 is a flowchart illustrating another embodiment of the invention.
- Figure 4 is a flowchart illustrating the detection of a context change in accordance with one embodiment of the invention .
- Figure 5 is a flowchart illustrating the detection of a context change according to another embodiment of the invention.
- Figure 6 is a flowchart illustrating the detection of a context change in accordance with still another embodiment of the invention.
- Figure 7 is a flowchart illustrating the detection of a subliminal message.
- Figure 8 illustrates a subliminal protection module
- Reference numeral 101 identifies an observer or viewer watching a film on a television 102.
- film and television are used in describing this embodiment, it will be understood that equivalent terms can be used instead, for instance such terms as MPEG-sequence and data terminal.
- the reference numeral 111 identifies a frame sequence sent to the television 102 from a source 110. The sequence of frames 111 arrives at the television 102 via an SMP-module 112 (Subliminal Message .Protection) .
- the SMP-module may alternatively be integrated with the video decoder.
- the source 110 may, for instance, be a cable-TV distributor, an SP (Service provider) or a computer connected to Internet or Intranet.
- Figure 1 shows part of a frame sequence 111, where reference 103 identifies a frame in the normal sequence.
- Reference 104 also identifies a frame in the normal sequence, although in the illustrated case the frame 104 constitutes the last frame that occurs in the normal sequence prior to the occurrence of a context change 105.
- a context change can be defined as a major change in the content of a frame; c.f. a scene change for instance.
- the context change 105 is followed by a series of frames which together constitute a subliminal message 106.
- the subliminal message 106 may be comprised of solely one frame or of several mutually sequential frames.
- Reference 107 identifies a context change which terminates the subliminal message and the normal frame sequence reappears.
- Reference 108 identifies the first frame in the normal frame sequence, while reference 109 identifies the next following frame.
- the SMP-module 112 detects the context changes 105 and 107. As soon as the context changes 105 and 107 occur within a specified time interval, an alarm is generated and the subliminal message 106 is stored and can be played back by the observer 101.
- Figure 2 is a flowchart illustrating one embodiment of the invention.
- Reference 205 identifies a frame sequence.
- Reference CCl identifies a context change between the normal frame sequence N and those frames that constitute the subliminal message S.
- Reference CC2 identifies a context change between the subliminal message S and the normal frame sequence N.
- Each frame that arrives at an SMP-module (not shown) is compared with the last frame to arrive, and context changes are detected, in accordance with box 201.
- the time at which the two latest context changes occurred is saved.
- the time difference between the latest two context changes to take place is calculated in accordance with box 202.
- a user alarm 203 is triggered and the image frozen, in accordance with box 204.
- the observer is then able to ascertain whether or not he/she has been subjected to a subliminal message and, if so, the nature of the message.
- FIG. 3 is a flowchart illustrating another embodiment of the invention.
- Reference 301 identifies a frame sequence arriving at an SMP-module (not shown) .
- Reference CCl identifies a context change in the frame sequence.
- Reference Nl identifies the last frame in the normal frame sequence, while reference SI identifies the first frame in the subliminal message.
- Reference S2 identifies the last frame in the subliminal message and reference CC2 identifies a context change between S2 and N2 , where N2 identifies the first frame in the normal sequence after the context change CC2.
- the SMP- module (not shown) functions to detect context changes, and the time at which these changes occur is saved together with the frames Nl, N2, SI and S2, in accordance with box 302.
- a preliminary alarm is triggered and relevant data logged, e.g. the subliminal message source, the message arrival time, and so on, in accordance with box 304.
- relevant data e.g. the subliminal message source, the message arrival time, and so on, in accordance with box 304.
- a test is then run to ascertain whether or not a context change exists between frames Nl and N2. If no context change exists between said frames, an alarm is triggered (box 306) and the frame sequence frozen (box 307) . The observer is now able to evaluate consciously the context change that has occurred, through the medium of the frozen frames and the logging activity that has ensued.
- Figure 4 is a flowchart that illustrates the detection of changes with the aid of I-frames in an MPEG-sequence.
- Reference 401 identifies a frame sequence that arrives at an SMP-module (not shown) .
- the SMP-unit receives a frame, box 402, and ascertains whether or not the frame received is an I-frame, box 403.
- the receipt of an I-frame indicates a context change, box 404.
- FIG. 5 is a flowchart that illustrates the detection of a context change, by numerically calculating a value of the change between two frames.
- the reference 501 identifies a frame sequence arriving at an SMP-unit (not shown) .
- the SMP- unit receives a frame N lf box 502.
- the frame N x is stored in a memory L 2 .
- the value of L 2 is stored in a memory Li, box 503.
- a value E of the difference between the frames is then calculated, by summating an energy measurement of the difference between corresponding frame points in the frames Li and L 2 , box 504. This energy measurement may, for instance, be x 2 , which would give the following formula:
- I s is the value of the frame point s in the frame L 2
- I' s is the value of the frame point s in the frame Li .
- a context change is indicated when E is greater than a threshold value T e , in accordance with boxes 506 and 506 respectively.
- a context change between two P- frames can be detected in a manner similar to that described above, by measuring the energy in the DFD.
- the reference numeral 601 identifies a frame sequence. The energy is calculated, box 603, for each DFD received, box 602. If the amount of energy contained by the DFD is greater than a threshold value 604, this indicates that a context change has taken place, box 605.
- the SMP may include a library function that contains data relating to known subliminal messages, as shown in Figure 7.
- the reference numeral 701 identifies a frame sequence. Each frame received, box 707, is compared with the frames stored in the library, box 703, and when sufficient similarity is noted, box 704, a user alarm is triggered, box 705. This comparison may be carried out by filtering each frame, so as to present a number of characteristic features. These characteristic features are then compared with the features stored in the library function.
- One advantage with this procedure is that computer power and memory space are saved.
- FIG. 8 illustrates in greater detail an SMP-module 802 connected to a monitor 801.
- a frame sequence arrives at the SMP-unit 803.
- the frames pass a system 807 which functions to detect context changes.
- the system 807 includes a part 804 whose function is to measure the energy content of a frame, a part whose function is to compare the energy value with a threshold value 808, and a part whose function is to initiate an alarm.
- the SMP also includes means for storing a stream or sequence of frames 806.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AU50763/98A AU5076398A (en) | 1996-11-19 | 1997-11-13 | Subliminal message protection |
JP52356098A JP2001504656A (en) | 1996-11-19 | 1997-11-13 | Sub-threshold message protection |
US09/310,739 US6122322A (en) | 1996-11-19 | 1999-05-13 | Subliminal message protection |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
SE9604241A SE510444C2 (en) | 1996-11-19 | 1996-11-19 | Protection for subliminal messages |
SE9604241-1 | 1996-11-19 |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US09/310,739 Continuation US6122322A (en) | 1996-11-19 | 1999-05-13 | Subliminal message protection |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1998023087A1 true WO1998023087A1 (en) | 1998-05-28 |
Family
ID=20404671
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/SE1997/001909 WO1998023087A1 (en) | 1996-11-19 | 1997-11-13 | Subliminal message protection |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (1) | JP2001504656A (en) |
KR (1) | KR100349190B1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU5076398A (en) |
SE (1) | SE510444C2 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1998023087A1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0989759A1 (en) * | 1998-08-24 | 2000-03-29 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Method and apparatus for detecting local video features and recording medium for storage of data generated during the implementation of the method |
WO2001050730A2 (en) * | 1999-12-30 | 2001-07-12 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Finding hidden images in video based on detected proximity of cuts |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP4082664B2 (en) | 2002-09-20 | 2008-04-30 | Kddi株式会社 | Video search device |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5099322A (en) * | 1990-02-27 | 1992-03-24 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Scene change detection system and method |
DE4106246C1 (en) * | 1991-02-28 | 1992-03-26 | Grundig E.M.V. Elektro-Mechanische Versuchsanstalt Max Grundig Hollaend. Stiftung & Co Kg, 8510 Fuerth, De | TV broadcast suppression appts. esp. for avoiding advertisements - stores images which start and end of broadcast and compares current image with memory to control suppression or channel change |
WO1995006985A1 (en) * | 1993-08-31 | 1995-03-09 | Interessengemeinschaft für Rundfunkschutzrechte GmbH Schutzrechtsverwertung & Co. KG | Process and device for detecting undesirable video scenes |
-
1996
- 1996-11-19 SE SE9604241A patent/SE510444C2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1997
- 1997-11-13 KR KR1019997004424A patent/KR100349190B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-11-13 JP JP52356098A patent/JP2001504656A/en active Pending
- 1997-11-13 AU AU50763/98A patent/AU5076398A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1997-11-13 WO PCT/SE1997/001909 patent/WO1998023087A1/en active IP Right Grant
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5099322A (en) * | 1990-02-27 | 1992-03-24 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Scene change detection system and method |
DE4106246C1 (en) * | 1991-02-28 | 1992-03-26 | Grundig E.M.V. Elektro-Mechanische Versuchsanstalt Max Grundig Hollaend. Stiftung & Co Kg, 8510 Fuerth, De | TV broadcast suppression appts. esp. for avoiding advertisements - stores images which start and end of broadcast and compares current image with memory to control suppression or channel change |
WO1995006985A1 (en) * | 1993-08-31 | 1995-03-09 | Interessengemeinschaft für Rundfunkschutzrechte GmbH Schutzrechtsverwertung & Co. KG | Process and device for detecting undesirable video scenes |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0989759A1 (en) * | 1998-08-24 | 2000-03-29 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Method and apparatus for detecting local video features and recording medium for storage of data generated during the implementation of the method |
US6937764B2 (en) | 1998-08-24 | 2005-08-30 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Method and apparatus for detecting local features of video, and recording medium storing the method |
US7184593B2 (en) | 1998-08-24 | 2007-02-27 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Method and apparatus for detecting local features of video, and recording medium storing the method |
WO2001050730A2 (en) * | 1999-12-30 | 2001-07-12 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Finding hidden images in video based on detected proximity of cuts |
WO2001050730A3 (en) * | 1999-12-30 | 2001-11-15 | Koninkl Philips Electronics Nv | Finding hidden images in video based on detected proximity of cuts |
US6654067B1 (en) | 1999-12-30 | 2003-11-25 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Finding hidden images in video based on detected proximity of cuts |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
KR100349190B1 (en) | 2002-08-21 |
SE510444C2 (en) | 1999-05-25 |
JP2001504656A (en) | 2001-04-03 |
SE9604241D0 (en) | 1996-11-19 |
SE9604241L (en) | 1998-05-20 |
KR20000057150A (en) | 2000-09-15 |
AU5076398A (en) | 1998-06-10 |
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