WO1998023952A1 - Nebulizer - Google Patents
Nebulizer Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1998023952A1 WO1998023952A1 PCT/GB1996/002908 GB9602908W WO9823952A1 WO 1998023952 A1 WO1998023952 A1 WO 1998023952A1 GB 9602908 W GB9602908 W GB 9602908W WO 9823952 A1 WO9823952 A1 WO 9823952A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- liquid
- chamber
- nebulizer
- heating
- atomised
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J49/00—Particle spectrometers or separator tubes
- H01J49/02—Details
- H01J49/04—Arrangements for introducing or extracting samples to be analysed, e.g. vacuum locks; Arrangements for external adjustment of electron- or ion-optical components
- H01J49/0468—Arrangements for introducing or extracting samples to be analysed, e.g. vacuum locks; Arrangements for external adjustment of electron- or ion-optical components with means for heating or cooling the sample
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N30/00—Investigating or analysing materials by separation into components using adsorption, absorption or similar phenomena or using ion-exchange, e.g. chromatography or field flow fractionation
- G01N30/02—Column chromatography
- G01N30/62—Detectors specially adapted therefor
- G01N30/72—Mass spectrometers
- G01N30/7233—Mass spectrometers interfaced to liquid or supercritical fluid chromatograph
- G01N30/724—Nebulising, aerosol formation or ionisation
- G01N30/7246—Nebulising, aerosol formation or ionisation by pneumatic means
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J49/00—Particle spectrometers or separator tubes
- H01J49/02—Details
- H01J49/04—Arrangements for introducing or extracting samples to be analysed, e.g. vacuum locks; Arrangements for external adjustment of electron- or ion-optical components
- H01J49/0431—Arrangements for introducing or extracting samples to be analysed, e.g. vacuum locks; Arrangements for external adjustment of electron- or ion-optical components for liquid samples
- H01J49/0445—Arrangements for introducing or extracting samples to be analysed, e.g. vacuum locks; Arrangements for external adjustment of electron- or ion-optical components for liquid samples with means for introducing as a spray, a jet or an aerosol
- H01J49/045—Arrangements for introducing or extracting samples to be analysed, e.g. vacuum locks; Arrangements for external adjustment of electron- or ion-optical components for liquid samples with means for introducing as a spray, a jet or an aerosol with means for using a nebulising gas, i.e. pneumatically assisted
Definitions
- This invention relates to a nebulizer.
- a method of producing an atomised sample of a liquid for analysis includes the step of heating the liquid prior to. and preferably immediately prior to, atomisation.
- Atomisation e.g. fine droplet formation suitable for analysis, may be achieved by passing a liquid through a suitable atomising nozzle or entraining the liquid in a fast-moving gas or both.
- a nebulizer for use in producing an atomised sample of a liquid for analysis includes a chamber, an inlet for introducing a liquid into the chamber, means to atomise the liquid entering the chamber, and heating means to heat the liquid introduced into the chamber.
- the heating means is preferably a heater in thermal contact with the inlet.
- Figure 1 is a sectional plan view of a first embodiment of a nebulizer of the invention
- Figure 2 is a sectional plan view of a second embodiment of a nebulizer of the invention.
- Figure 3 is a graph of emission intensity as a function of temperature for a range of viscosities of an aluminium containing sample liquid.
- the method and nebulizer of the invention provide effective means for providing an atomised sample of a liquid such as an oil suitable for a variety of analytical methods such as, for example, introduction into an inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometer. It has been found that heating the liquid immediately prior to atomisation greatly increases the output of atomised liquid and reduces output variation in emission intensity due to differences in liquid manufacture and viscosity.
- the method and nebulizer of the invention have particular application to atomising a sample of a liquid which has a viscosity greater than that of water.
- a liquid is oil.
- the method and nebulizer may be used for determining the metal content, both qualitatively and quantitavely, present in a used oil allowing for effective and controlled monitoring of the concentration of metals in the oil.
- the atomised sample may be treated in whatever manner is needed for the subsequent analysis. For example, when the sample is to be introduced into an inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometer, it is necessary to ionise the sample creating a plasma. Preferably, such ionisation takes place in the region where the atomised sample is produced.
- a nebulizer comprising a chamber 10 closed at one end 12 and open at the opposite end 14.
- a sample inlet 16 passes through side wall 18 of the chamber and is provided with an atomiser 20 at its end located in the chamber 10.
- Gas inlet 22 passes through the end 12.
- the chamber 10 also has an outlet 24 to drain waste material and prevent it accumulating in the chamber.
- the nebulizer is provided with support 38 which is spaced from the two heater blocks 26, 30 by means of teflon or other insulating spaces 34, 36.
- liquid to be atomised is introduced into the chamber 10 through inlet 16. On passage through the inlet it is heated by the heater block 26 and passes through the atomising nozzle 20 in this heated form.
- gas such as argon is passed into the chamber 10 through gas inlet 22 and is heated by the heater block 30 prior to entry into the chamber. This gas entrains the atomised liquid issuing from the atomiser 20 and carries the atomised sample out of the chamber 10 through open end 14 for analysis.
- Figure 2 shows a nebulizer comprising a chamber 40 closed both ends 42, 44.
- a liquid inlet 46 passes through side wall 48 of the chamber 40 and a gas inlet 52 passes through the end 42.
- the end 42 is provided with a v- shaped inner wall 55 which defines within it a zone 54. Ends 56 and 58 of the liquid inlet 46 and gas inlet 52, respectively open into the region 54.
- the chamber 40 is further provided with a drain 60 and an outlet 62.
- Heater block 64 provided with heating element 66, surrounds the sample inlet 46 and the gas inlet 52.
- the heater block 64 is also provided with a thermocouple 68 for monitoring the temperature thereof.
- a teflon washer 70 is provided for sealing the gas inlet 52 in the event of dismantling the system for cleaning the atomiser.
- liquid to be atomised is introduced into the chamber 40 through inlet 46. On passage through the inlet it is heated by the heater block 64. At the same time, gas such as argon is passed through gas inlet 52 and is also heated by the heating block 64. The heated liquid and a fast moving stream of the heated argon make contact at right angles in the region 54. The heated liquid is entrained in the fast moving stream of gas and is thereby atomised. The atomised liquid is carried by the gas through the passage 72. located axially within the chamber 40, out of the open end 74 and then out through the outlet 62. Liquid which falls out of the stream of gas is removed through drain 60.
- the atomised liquid When the analysis is by way of an inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometer, the atomised liquid must be ionised creating a plasma. Preferably, ionisation takes place in the region 54 where atomization takes place. A plasma is thus produced which is delivered to the spectrometer for analysis.
- the ionisation of the atomised liquid may be achieved by applying a suitable energy to the liquid using any known technique, e.g. by means of an electrical coil surrounding the region 54.
- liquid samples containing a number of elements and having a range of viscosities were heated to various temperatures and atomised in a nebulizer such as that illustrated in Figure 2 and then analyzed to establish the intensity equalising temperature.
- the samples were not diluted or subjected to any pretreatment and all had a viscosity greater than water.
- the results of the changes in emission intensities with changes in temperature are set out in the following Tables 1 to 5.
- Figure 3 is a graph of emission intensity as a function of temperature which clearly illustrates the effect of heating a sample prior to analysis, in this case a sample containing aluminium, on the resultant emission intensities.
- a range of viscosities had a relatively low slope indicating the intensity equalising effect of heating the oil samples to this temperature prior to atomisation.
- the nebulizers described above are particularly effective for producing an atomised sample of a viscous liquid such as an oil. Heating avoids the necessity to pre-treat or dilute the oil, results in more consistent and better atomisation of the liquid and reduces the output variation in emission intensity due to differences in oil manufacture and viscosity.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AU76354/96A AU7635496A (en) | 1996-11-26 | 1996-11-26 | Nebulizer |
PCT/GB1996/002908 WO1998023952A1 (en) | 1996-11-26 | 1996-11-26 | Nebulizer |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/GB1996/002908 WO1998023952A1 (en) | 1996-11-26 | 1996-11-26 | Nebulizer |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1998023952A1 true WO1998023952A1 (en) | 1998-06-04 |
Family
ID=10788612
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/GB1996/002908 WO1998023952A1 (en) | 1996-11-26 | 1996-11-26 | Nebulizer |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
AU (1) | AU7635496A (en) |
WO (1) | WO1998023952A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN115753742A (en) * | 2022-11-02 | 2023-03-07 | 上海美析仪器有限公司 | Plasma emission spectrometer capable of efficiently atomizing and feeding sample |
Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS59210358A (en) * | 1984-04-27 | 1984-11-29 | Hitachi Ltd | Analyzing device coupled with liquid chromatograph-atmospheric ionizing mass spectrometer |
US4531056A (en) * | 1983-04-20 | 1985-07-23 | Yale University | Method and apparatus for the mass spectrometric analysis of solutions |
US4806150A (en) * | 1988-01-21 | 1989-02-21 | The United States Department Of Energy | Device and technique for in-process sampling and analysis of molten metals and other liquids presenting harsh sampling conditions |
EP0338572A1 (en) * | 1988-04-22 | 1989-10-25 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Liquid chromatograph-direct coupled mass spectrometer |
US4883958A (en) * | 1988-12-16 | 1989-11-28 | Vestec Corporation | Interface for coupling liquid chromatography to solid or gas phase detectors |
US4958529A (en) * | 1989-11-22 | 1990-09-25 | Vestec Corporation | Interface for coupling liquid chromatography to solid or gas phase detectors |
US4977785A (en) * | 1988-02-19 | 1990-12-18 | Extrel Corporation | Method and apparatus for introduction of fluid streams into mass spectrometers and other gas phase detectors |
US5349186A (en) * | 1993-06-25 | 1994-09-20 | The Governors Of The University Of Alberta | Electrospray interface for mass spectrometer and method of supplying analyte to a mass spectrometer |
-
1996
- 1996-11-26 WO PCT/GB1996/002908 patent/WO1998023952A1/en active Application Filing
- 1996-11-26 AU AU76354/96A patent/AU7635496A/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4531056A (en) * | 1983-04-20 | 1985-07-23 | Yale University | Method and apparatus for the mass spectrometric analysis of solutions |
JPS59210358A (en) * | 1984-04-27 | 1984-11-29 | Hitachi Ltd | Analyzing device coupled with liquid chromatograph-atmospheric ionizing mass spectrometer |
US4806150A (en) * | 1988-01-21 | 1989-02-21 | The United States Department Of Energy | Device and technique for in-process sampling and analysis of molten metals and other liquids presenting harsh sampling conditions |
US4977785A (en) * | 1988-02-19 | 1990-12-18 | Extrel Corporation | Method and apparatus for introduction of fluid streams into mass spectrometers and other gas phase detectors |
EP0338572A1 (en) * | 1988-04-22 | 1989-10-25 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Liquid chromatograph-direct coupled mass spectrometer |
US4883958A (en) * | 1988-12-16 | 1989-11-28 | Vestec Corporation | Interface for coupling liquid chromatography to solid or gas phase detectors |
US4958529A (en) * | 1989-11-22 | 1990-09-25 | Vestec Corporation | Interface for coupling liquid chromatography to solid or gas phase detectors |
US5349186A (en) * | 1993-06-25 | 1994-09-20 | The Governors Of The University Of Alberta | Electrospray interface for mass spectrometer and method of supplying analyte to a mass spectrometer |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 009, no. 079 (P - 347) 9 April 1985 (1985-04-09) * |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN115753742A (en) * | 2022-11-02 | 2023-03-07 | 上海美析仪器有限公司 | Plasma emission spectrometer capable of efficiently atomizing and feeding sample |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU7635496A (en) | 1998-06-22 |
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