WO1998024089A1

WO1998024089A1 - Optical recording medium

Info

Publication number: WO1998024089A1
Application number: PCT/IB1997/001470
Authority: WO
Inventors: Johannes Hendrikus Maria Spruit; Johan Philippe William Beatrice Duchateau
Original assignee: Philips Electronics N.V.; Philips Norden Ab
Priority date: 1996-11-25
Filing date: 1997-11-20
Publication date: 1998-06-04
Also published as: KR19990081945A; KR100458727B1; JP2000504465A; ID21023A; EP0880777A1; TW455843B

Abstract

An optical recording medium is described having a grooved recording layer. The structure of unwritten tracks must enable a scanning device to derive a radial tracking error signal according to the push-pull method. The structure of the written tracks must enable the scanning device to derive a radial tracking error signal according to the high-frequency phase-detection method. To this end the depth of the groove is in the range from 1/24 to 1/7 times the wavelength of scanning the recording medium, and the phase difference between a radiation beam reflected from a region on track in between written marks and from a mark, is in the range from 0.4 to 2.0 radians.

Description

Optical recording medium.

The invention relates to an optical recording medium for writing and reading information by means of a radiation beam having a predetermined wavelength, comprising a recording layer, the recording layer changing between a first and a second state upon irradiation by a radiation beam, the recorded information being represented by written marks in the second state in a region in the first state, the marks being arranged in tracks comprising a guide groove having a depth, a first optical phase difference existing on reflection from a region on track in the first state and from a region on track in the second state, the first optical phase difference enhancing an optical phase difference between a region in between tracks in the first state and a region on track in the first state. Information may be stored in the recording medium by a scanning device having an optical head. The head focuses a radiation beam onto the information layer in the medium and follows an unwritten track by means of tracking information derived from the groove in the track. When the medium is disc-shaped, the grooves are circular or spiral and the tracking information is in the form of a radial tracking error signal. When a relatively high power radiation beam is modulated by a signal representing the information to be written, the information is written in the track in the form of optically detectable marks. During reading the radiation beam has a relatively low power, which, on reflection from the information layer, is modulated by the marks. The tracking information during reading may be derived from the grooves or from the written information. An optical recording medium according to the preamble is known from the Japanese patent application JP-A 5174380. This medium comprises a stack of optical thin layers in which the recording layer is embedded. The thickness of a transparent layer of the stack adjacent the recording layer is tuned such that the first optical phase difference between unwritten and written regions of a track increases the optical phase difference between a region in between tracks in the first state and a region on track also in the first state. This relation between the phase differences increases the information signal derived from the scanned marks. A disadvantage of the known recording medium is that the tracks cannot properly be followed by a scanning device using the so-called phase-detection method for deriving a tracking signal from marks written in the information layer. The method of deriving tracking information by using high-frequency phase detection is known from inter alia United States patent no. 4 785 441.

It is an object of the invention to provide an optical recording medium from which tracking information can be derived from the written marks according to the phase-detection method and also from the grooves.

This object is achieved when the recording medium according to the preamble is characterized in that the depth of the guide groove is in the range from 1/24 to 1/7 times the wavelength and the first optical phase difference is in the range from 0.4 to 2.0 radian. The phase-detection method requires a relatively shallow groove. The minimum groove depth is set by the requirement that a scanning device must be able to derive tracking information from it. The combination of the groove depth and the first optical phase difference defines a parameter range in which tracking information can be derived properly according to the phase-detection method. The first optical phase difference is preferable in the range from 0.4 to

1.1 radian. A medium having a phase difference smaller than this value will show an asymmetric tracking signal as derived by the phase-detection method. The asymmetry shows up as different amplitudes of the tracking signal when the radiation beam is focused below and above the recording layer. A possible measure of the asymmetry is (x-y)/(2z), where x is the maximum value of the phase-detection tracking error signal when the radiation beam is focused 1 μm above the information plane, y the maximum value of the phase-detection tracking error signal when the radiation beam is focused 1 μm below the information plane and z the maximum value of the phase-detection tracking error signal when the radiation beam is focused on the information plane. A further improvement of the phase-detection tracking signal can be achieved when a ratio of an intensity reflection of a region on track in the second state and of a region on track in the first state is larger than 0.15. Such a medium is called a dark- writing medium. A so-called white- writing medium has preferably a ratio of the intensity reflection of a region on track in the first state and of a region on track in the second state larger than 0.15. The symmetry of the tracking signal as derived by the phase-detection method is improved when the ratio lies within the range from 0.3 to 0.5 for both dark- and white-writing media.

The intensity reflection of a region on track in the first state is preferably larger than 0.15 for a dark-writing medium, in order to be able to derive a good information signal from the radiation reflected from the information layer. For a white-writing medium, the intensity reflection of a region on track in the second state is preferably larger than 0.15.

The groove in the information layer may be used for storing information such as addresses used in accessing the information. Such information may be stored in the form of a wobble in the depth or position of the groove. The depth of the groove is then preferably in the range from 1/12 to 1/7 times the wavelength of the radiation beam.

The optical phase difference of the medium may be realized by embedding the recording layer in a stack of optical thin layers and tuning the thicknesses of the layers. The design of the stack is facilitated when the material of the recording layer in the first state has an imaginary part of the refractive index larger than 3.4.

The material of the recording layer is preferably of a phase-change type. The writing speed can be relatively high when amorphous marks are written in a crystalline layer. The first state is then a crystalline state and the second state an amorphous state.

These and other aspects of the invention will be apparent from and be elucidated with reference to the embodiments described hereinafter In the drawings

Figure 1 shows a cross-section of a recording medium according to the invention;

Figure 2 shows a plan view of the recording layer of the medium; Figure 3 shows a scanning device for scanning media according to the invention;

Figure 4A shows the circuit of the device for forming a push-pull radial tracking error signal; and

Figure 4B shows the circuit of the device for forming a DTD radial tracking error signal.

Figure 1 shows an information recording medium 1 according to the invention designed for writing and reading information by means of a focused radiation beam having a design wavelength. Medium 1 comprises a transparent substrate 2 and a recording layer 3. The recording layer may be scanned by a radiation beam through substrate 2. Recording layer 3 is embedded in a stack 4 of optical thin layers arranged on substrate 2. The stack comprises from the substrate side a transparent interference layer 5, recording layer 3, a further interference layer 6, and a reflective layer 7. Stack 4 is shielded from environmental influences by a protective layer 8.

Substrate 2 comprises a groove pattern on the side on which stack 4 is arranged. For a disc-shaped medium the groove pattern has circular or spiral grooves. The part of the groove pattern forming a depression in the substrate when viewed from the side of the stack is called a groove 9. The part of the pattern forming a raised part from the same point of view is called a land 10. The thickness of the layers in stack 4 is so small that the pattern on the substrate 2 is also present in recording layer 3.

EXAMPLE I

The substrate of the recording medium is made of polycarbonate (PC) having a refractive index of 1.58 at the design wavelength of 670 nm. Interference layer 5 is a 90 nm thick layer of 80% ZnS and 20% SiC^ having a refractive index of 2.13. Recording layer 3 is a 30 nm thick layer of a GeSb₂Te₄ phase-change material having a refractive index of 4.26 - i 1.69 when in the amorphous state and 4.44 - i 3.08 when in the crystalline state. Interference layer 6 is a 30 nm thick layer of the same material as interference layer 5. Reflective layer 7 is a 100 m thick layer of an aluminium alloy having a refractive index of 1.98 - i 7.81. The depth of grooves 9 is 40 nm, the width of the grooves is 500 nm and the pitch of the grooves, being the track pitch is 900 nm.

Figure 2 shows part of recording layer 3 having grooves 9 and lands 10. The information is written in the grooves. Recording layer 3 is initially in the crystalline state. During writing amorphous regions 11, called marks, are made in the recording layer. The length and position of the marks represent the information recorded in the medium. The intensity reflection of stack 4 in a region of the recording layer in the amorphous state is equal to 0.07. The intensity reflection of stack 4 in a region in the crystalline state is equal to 0.18. The ratio of the amorphous reflection over the crystalline reflection is thus 0.39. Both intensity reflections have been measured by means of a focused radiation beam in regions without grooves.

Radiation reflected from a region in track and in the crystalline state, indicated by 'a' in Figure 2, is delayed in phase by 1.2 radian compared to radiation reflected from a region 'b' in between tracks and also in the crystalline state. Radiation reflected from a region in track and in the amorphous state, indicated by 'c' in Figure 2, is delayed in phase by 0.6 radian compared to radiation reflected from a region in between tracks and in the crystalline state. Hence, the phase difference between the land and groove is enhanced by the phase difference between mark and regions in between marks. Put differently, the effective depth of the groove is enhanced at the location of the marks. The push-pull tracking error signal has a measured maximum value of

90% of the value obtained for a medium having a groove depth optimized for a maximum push-pull signal. The phase-detection tracking error signal has a maximum value of 0.24, measured by a scanning device described below. The value of the tracking error signal is a time difference normalized on the channel clock period used for writing the information on the recording medium.

EXAMPLE II

The substrate of the recording medium is again made of polycarbonate (PC) having a refractive index of 1.58 at the design wavelength of 670 nm. The stack has the same order of layers as shown in Figure 1. Interference layer 5 is a 95 nm thick layer of 80% ZnS and 20% Si0₂ having a refractive index of 2.13. Recording layer 3 is a 25 nm thick layer of a GeSb₂Te₄ phase-change material having a refractive index of 4.26 - i 1.69 when in the amorphous state and 4.44 - i 3.08 when in the crystalline state. Interference layer 6 is a 35 nm thick layer of the same material as interference layer 5. Reflective layer 7 is a 100 m thick layer of an aluminium alloy having a refractive index of 1.98 - i 7.81. The depth of grooves 9 is 55 nm, the width of the grooves is 400 nm and the pitch of the grooves is 900 nm.

The information is written in the grooves in the form of amorphous marks in a crystalline surroundings. The intensity reflection of stack 4 in a region of the recording layer in the amorphous state is equal to 0.05. The intensity reflection of stack 4 in a region in the crystalline state is equal to 0.16. The ratio of the amorphous reflection over the crystalline reflection is thus 0.31. Both regions are without grooves.

Radiation reflected from a region in track and in the crystalline state, 'a' in Figure 2, is delayed in phase by 1.6 radian compared to radiation reflected from a region in between tracks and also in the crystalline state. Radiation reflected from a region in track and in the amorphous state, 'c' in Figure 2, is delayed in phase by 0.7 radian compared to radiation reflected from a region in track and in the crystalline state, 'b' in Figure 2.

The push-pull tracking error signal has a measured maximum value of 95 % of the value obtained for a medium having a groove depth optimized for a maximum push-pull signal. The phase-detection tracking error signal has a maximum value of 0.24.

EXAMPLE m

The substrate of the recording medium is again made of polycarbonate (PC) having a refractive index of 1.58 at the design wavelength of 670 nm. The stack has the same order of layers as shown in Figure 1. Interference layer 5 is a 70 nm thick layer of 80% ZnS and 20% SiO₂ having a refractive index of 2.13. Recording layer 3 is a 25 nm thick layer of a GeSb₂Te₄ phase-change material having a refractive index of 4.40 - i 1.96 when in the amorphous state and 4.65 - i 3.81 when in the crystalline state. Interference layer 6 is a 25 nm thick layer of the same material as interference layer 5. Reflective layer 7 is a 100 m thick layer of aluminium having a refractive index of 1.98 - i 7.81. The depth of grooves 9 is 51 nm, the width of the grooves is 500 nm and the pitch of the grooves is 870 nm.

The information is written in the grooves in the form of amorphous marks in a crystalline surroundings. The intensity reflection of stack 4 in a region of the recording layer in the amorphous state is equal to 0.043. The intensity reflection of stack 4 in a region in the crystalline state is equal to 0.17. The ratio of the crystalline reflection over the amorphous reflection is thus 0.25. Both regions are without grooves.

Radiation reflected from a region in track and in the crystalline state, 'a' in Figure 2, is delayed in phase by 1.5 radian compared to radiation reflected from a region in between tracks and also in the crystalline state. Radiation reflected from a region in track and in the amorphous state, 'c' in Figure 2, is delayed in phase by 0.8 radian compared to radiation reflected from a region in between tracks and also in the crystalline state.

The push-pull tracking error signal has a measured maximum value of 95 % of the value obtained for a medium having a groove depth optimized for a maximum push-pull signal. The phase-detection tracking error signal has a maximum value of 0.3.

Although the above three examples of recording media according to the invention relate to media in which amorphous marks are written in crystalline surroundings, the invention can be applied equally well to media in which crystalline marks are written in amorphous surroundings. The invention is not limited to recording media in which the information is written in the grooves; the invention can also be applied to media in which the information is written on the lands in between the grooves. Stack 4 may have various forms. A further reflective layer may be arranged between substrate 2 and interference layer 5 of stack 4 as shown in Figure 1. Alternatively, a further interference layer and reflection layer may be interposed between the stack and the substrate. The stack may also comprise only layers 3, 4 and 5, which stack is very suitable for write-once media. The material of the recording layer may be a phase-change material, a dye, or any other material suitable for optically writing information in.

SCANNING DEVICE

Figure 3 shows an optical scanning device suitable for writing and reading information from the media according to the invention. The figure shows a part of record carrier 1 comprising embossed information in the form of pits and bumps. The information layer is scanned through substrate 2. The record carrier may comprise more than one information layer, arranged one above the other. The apparatus comprises a radiation source 12, for instance a semiconductor laser, emitting a radiation beam 13. The radiation beam is focused on information layer 3 by an objective system 14, for sake of simplicity shown in the Figure as a single lens. Radiation reflected by the information layer is directed towards a detection system 15 via a beam-splitter. The beamsplitter may be a semi-transparent plate, a diffraction grating and may be polarization-dependent. The detection system converts the incident radiation into one or more electrical signals, which are fed into an electronic circuit 16 to derive an information signal S_f representing information read from the record carrier, and control signals. One of the control signals is the radial tracking error signal S_r, representing the distance between the centre of the spot formed by the radiation beam on the information plane and the centre-line of the track being scanned. Another control signal is a focus error signal S_f, representing the distance between the focal point of the radiation beam and the information plane. The two error signals are fed into a servo circuit 17, which controls the position of the focal point of the radiation beam. In the Figure the focus control is realized by moving objective system 14 in the direction of its optical axis in response to the focus error signal, whereas the radial tracking is realized by moving the objective system in a direction transverse to the tracks in response to the radial tracking error. During writing, the intensity of the radiation source is modulated by the information to be recorded.

Figure 4 shows the layout of the detection system 15 and part of the associated electronic circuit 16 for deriving a radial tracking error signals from the detector o signals. Figure 4 A shows the circuit for deriving a radial tracking error signal according to the push-pull method. The detection system 15 comprises a quadrant detector having four radiation-sensitive detection elements A, B, C and D. The detector signals from detector elements A and B are added and amplified in an amplifier 18. Likewise, the detector signals from detector elements C and D are added and amplified by an amplifier 19. The outputs of amplifiers 18 and 19 are connected to a differential amplifier 20, forming the difference of the two input signals. The output signal of differential amplifier 20 is the push-pull radial tracking error signal S_r(PP). This error signal is very suitable for controlling the radial tracking servo in parts of the recording medium having tracks without written marks. Figure 4B shows the circuit for deriving a radial error signal according to a high-frequency phase-detection method. The detector signals from elements A and C of detection system 15 are added and amplified in amplifier 21. The output of amplifier 20 is fed into a slicer 22. The slicer detects level-crossings of the input signal with a detection level, thereby digitizing the input signal. The detector signals of elements B and D of detection system 20 are added and amplified in an amplifier 23, the output of which is connected to an input of a slicer 24. The output signals of amplifier 21 and 23 may be shaped by equalizers to compensate for effects of the response of the optical system of the scanning device on the detector signals, before being fed into slicer 22 and 24 respectively. The digital output signals of slicers 22 and 24 are fed into a phase comparator 25, which produces an output signal dependent on the phase between pulses in the two inputs of the comparator. The output signal of comparator 25 is low-pass filtered by filter 26. The output signal S_r of filter 26 is the radial tracking error signal derived according to the diagonal time- difference (DTD) method, which a particular embodiment of the phase-detection method. This error signal is very suitable for controlling the radial tracking servo in parts of the recording medium comprising written marks.

The written tracks on a recording medium according to the invention can also be followed using a radial tracking error signal derived according to other high- frequency phase-detection methods, such as the analog version of the method shown in Figure 4B, or the analog or digital version of the phase-detection method known from inter alia United States patent no. US 4 785 441.

Claims

CLAIMS:

1. An optical recording medium for writing and reading information by means^' of a radiation beam having a predetermined wavelength, comprising a recording layer, the recording layer changing between a first and a second state upon irradiation by a radiation beam, the recorded information being represented by written marks in the second state in a region in the first state, the marks being arranged in tracks comprising a guide groove having a depth, a first optical phase difference existing on reflection from a region on track in the first state and from a region on track in the second state, the first optical phase difference enhancing an optical phase difference between a region in between tracks in the first state and a region on track in the first state, characterized in that the depth of the guide groove is in the range from 1/24 to 1/7 times the wavelength and the first optical phase difference is in the range from 0.4 to 2.0 radian.

2. Optical recording medium according to Claim 1, wherein a ratio of an intensity reflection of a region on track in the second state and of a region on track in the first state is larger than 0.15.

3. Optical recording medium according to Claim 1, wherein a ratio of an intensity reflection of a region on track in the first state and of a region on track in the second state is larger than 0.15.

4. Optical recording medium according to Claim 2, wherein the intensity reflection of a region on track in the first state is larger than 0.15.

5. Optical recording medium according to Claim 3, wherein the intensity reflection of a region on track in the second state is larger than 0.15.

6. Optical recording medium according to Claim 1 , wherein the depth of the guide groove is in the range from 1/12 to 1/7 times the wavelength.

7. Optical recording medium according to Claim 1 , wherein the recording layer comprises a material having an imaginary part of the refractive index in the first state larger than 3.4.

8. Optical recording medium according to Claim 1, wherein the recording layer comprises a phase-change material.

9. Optical recording medium according to Claim 8, wherein the second state is amorphous.