WO1998045788A1 - Method for automatically formatting a document according to data object type - Google Patents
Method for automatically formatting a document according to data object type Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1998045788A1 WO1998045788A1 PCT/IL1997/000122 IL9700122W WO9845788A1 WO 1998045788 A1 WO1998045788 A1 WO 1998045788A1 IL 9700122 W IL9700122 W IL 9700122W WO 9845788 A1 WO9845788 A1 WO 9845788A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- page
- data
- spatial
- objects
- data objects
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F40/00—Handling natural language data
- G06F40/10—Text processing
- G06F40/103—Formatting, i.e. changing of presentation of documents
- G06F40/106—Display of layout of documents; Previewing
Definitions
- the present invention relates generally to electronic publishing and more particularly to a method for automatically displaying multiple data objects on a computer screen in a multiple-page layout.
- Information that is published electronically typically is pre-formatted by the publisher before it is disseminated electronically.
- pre-formatting generally involves determining both the appearance of each item of data (e.g., if the data is text, selecting the font, its size, appearance, etc.) and also the overall layout of all the data items that will appear on the recipient's computer screen.
- Most of the information that is made available on the World Wide Web involves such pre-formatting, primarily by means of HTML (Hyper Text Makeup Language) which can be read by all commercially available "Web browsers”.
- HTML Hyper Text Makeup Language
- PDF Portable Document Format
- "PDF" files must also be pre-formatted and stored prior to transmission and can be read by the recipient only by means of a special viewer or browser "plug-in”.
- One of the main drawbacks of the need to pre-format information that is disseminated electronically is that it usually increases the size of the data that must be transmitted, since the formatting data must be attached to the information data and transmitted to the client together with the information data itself. This can significantly increase the actual transmission time, thereby making the transmission more costly (either to the publisher or to the recipient) and more cumbersome and tedious for the user.
- An additional drawback of the need to pre-format information is that it makes it difficult for the publisher to "personalize” or vary the content of the information that is transmitted, since any change in content necessarily involves a change in layout.
- a method of automatically displaying, on a computer screen, a multiplicity of data objects of variable types and sizes in a multi-page layout comprising the steps of:
- each page structure comprising a set of commands defining a hierarchical set of spatial objects including the area of each spatial object and its position on the page and the formatting characteristics of the data object each spatial object may contain;
- the step of assigning also comprises the steps of :
- the step of assigning also comprises the steps of:
- the data objects may comprise any of the following: text, graphics, animation, video, audio, multi-media material or inter-active applications.
- the spatial objects define at least one column and preferably three columns on each page structure.
- the data objects are stored in one or more computer files which also comprise tags identifying the type of data object and its rank and optionally links to other data objects.
- the present invention may be used for automatically displaying an electronic publication, such as a newspaper or magazine, on a computer screen in a multiple page layout, the publication comprising a multiplicity of text articles, graphics and other data objects of variable types and sizes.
- the publication may be disseminated over a computer network, such as the Internet, and have multiple subscribers, each subscriber receiving a different edition of the publication, and yet the "look and feel" of the publication as it is displayed on each subscriber's computer screen is substantially identical regardless of variations in content or the number or size of the data objects.
- the method for automatically displaying the electronic publication on the subscriber's computer screen comprises:
- each page structure comprising a set of commands defining a hierarchical set of spatial objects including the area of each spatial object and its position on the page and the format of the data object each spatial object may contain;
- steps (a) to (d) are carried out on a server associated with the publisher of the publication and steps (e) to (g) are carried out on the client associated with each subscriber.
- the step of assigning also comprises the steps of .
- the step of assigning also comprises the steps of:
- a "hyper-link" connection is established between the first and second portions of the data object.
- the data objects may comprise any of the following: text, graphics, animation, video, audio, multi-media material and inter-active applications.
- the spatial objects define at least one column and preferably three columns on each page structure.
- the data objects are stored in one or more computer files which also comprise tags identifying the type of data object and its rank and optionally links to other data objects.
- the data objects are selected based upon a list of personal preferences obtained from the subscriber.
- Figs. 1A and IB are graphical illustrations of two different "page structures" utilized for the automatic display of two different pages of multiple data items, in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention
- Fig. 2 is a simplified flow chart illustrating a sequence of procedures carried out on a server for selecting and preparing data for transmission to a client, in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention
- Fig. 3 is a simplified flow chart illustrating a sequence of procedures carried out on a client for "unpacking" the data transmitted to the client from a server, in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention
- Fig. 4 is a simplified flow chart illustrating a sequence of procedures for automatically laying out and displaying data, in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention.
- Fig. 5 is a graphical illustration of a page of data formatted and displayed according to the "page structure" of Fig. 1A.
- the present invention may be implemented in a wide variety of applications. For the sake of convenience and greater clarity, the following detailed description of the invention will focus on one particular application of the invention, it being understood that this particular description is not meant to be limiting in any way.
- the application described in detail below is that of an "electronic newspaper,”, i.e. a newspaper which is disseminated by electronic means over a computer network, for example, via the Internet, the newspaper being transmitted from a computer "server” associated with the publisher to a multiplicity of computer "clients”, each of which is associated with a subscriber. After the newspaper has been received by the client, it may be read by the subscriber after it is displayed on his computer screen.
- the electronic newspaper of the instant application is published on a regular basis (e.g.
- the electronic newspaper of this application is a general newspaper, capable of publishing information covering a wide range of topics.
- the content of the newspaper as it actually appears on the screen of each subscriber differs from subscriber to subscriber, since each subscriber receives a particular sub-set of all the information offered by the publisher, based upon a set of "preferences" pre-selected by the subscriber.
- the basic layout of the newspaper and the way the newspaper appears on the screen of all the s ubscribers is substantially the same, thereby enabling the publisher to establish and maintain a "look and feel" and a brand-image for the newspaper that is distinctive, irrespective of the varying content.
- the electronic newspaper may optionally be associated with a standard "print-edition” newspaper, and in such event the "look and feel" of the electronic newspaper as it appears on the subscriber's screen may reflect the "look and feel" of the newspaper as it actually appears in print.
- the distinctive "look and feel" of the electronic newspaper is determined by the publisher by the creation of specific, substantially rigid, layout "structures" for each page of the newspaper.
- the publisher will create at least three such structures, one for the first page of the newspaper, at least one for the following pages, and one for a “continued from” page for display of the concluding portions of articles which because of their length do not fully fit within the layout structures of the pages on which they first appear.
- additional page structures may also be created, depending upon the particular "look and feel" which the publisher wishes to create for the newspaper—e.g., the publisher may create a separate page structure for the second page and/or for the last page of the newspaper, or for a page that will be dedicated to a specific subject matter, such as an "op-ed" page, sports, or entertainment.
- Each page "structure” describes the general layout of the page, without reference to any actual content. Such description is done by dividing each page into “spatial objects", each "spatial object” having a particular size and a given position on the page. Optionally, several “spatial objects” may be grouped into a single “block”, thereby allowing them to share one or more common characteristics (e.g. being enclosed in a box).
- the "spatial objects" on each page are ranked, in accordance with a hierarchical order of importance determined by the publisher. For example, the "spatial object" in the upper left hand corner of the page may be tanked 1; the "spatial object” in the upper right hand corner of the page may be ranked 2; and so forth.
- FIG. 1 A and IB provide graphical illustrations of two different page "structures" for two pages of an electronic newspaper, in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention - the structure of Fig 1A being particularly suitable for the first page of the newspaper and the structure of Fig. IB being particularly suitable for a "continued from" page comprising the concluding portions of articles continued from other pages.
- each of the page stmctures of Figs. 1A and IB is defined by a grid, having values along the x axis from 0 to 38 and along the y axis from 0 to 52.
- FIG. I A comprises four "blocks” (the rectangles marked by a dotted line) and seven "spatial objects” (the rectangles marked by a solid line).
- the page structure of Fig. IB comprises a single “block” and three “spatial objects.” In Fig. 1A, there are three “spatial objects” enclosed within Block A, two “spatial objects” within Block B, and a single “spatial object” enclosed within each of Block C and Block D.
- each of the "spatial objects" on each of the pages is defined by reference to the x, y coordinates of its four corners, as marked.
- the relative importance or rank of the "spatial objects" is indicated by the assigned letters and numbers, i.e. in Fig. 1A, Space Al has the highest priority, followed by Space A2, A3, Bl, B2, Cland Dl.
- each page "structure” created by the publisher is defined by a set of commands which are written to and stored in a unique "page structure file” (hereinafter: "psf) associated with that page.
- psf page structure file
- the following is an illustrative example of a set of commands comprising a "psf, which would define the page
- the "Type” command associates the page structure with a particular page and/or section of the newspaper, either in terms of page number or page contents. In this case, the specific page structure is to be used for the front page of the newspaper.
- the "Page” command sets the default size of the page, in terms of the x, y, ax, fty coordinates of the grid. In the given example, the listed units are arbitrary. Typically, the coordinates will be based upon an actual grid drawn for an A4-size page with the units given in centimeters, inches or pixels.
- the "Wallpaper” command associates a particular wallpaper file with the page, thereby setting features such as the background color of the page.
- the wallpaper command can also be utilized to fill areas of the page not defined by “blocks” or “spaces.” In the given example, the wallpaper command could be used as a means for filling the empty space at the top of the page with the name and logo of the newspaper.
- a wallpaper file may be in any standard graphic format, such as "bmp" (bitmap).
- the "DefaultTextFont” command sets the default font type and size for all text appearing on the page (excluding headlines). In this case, the default font is "Times New Roman", 12 pt.
- The, "DefaultHeadlineFont” command sets the default font type and size for all headline text. In this case, the default font is Arial, 18 pt.
- the "DefaultGraphicsPosition” command sets the default placement position of any graphic inserted in any Space on the page. In this case, the default position is "center” which indicates that the graphic will be inserted at the top-most position of the Space and centered with respect to the x axis
- Block A is associated with Space Al, A2 and A3; Block B is associated with Space Bl and B2; Block C is associated with Space Cl; and Block D is associated with Space Dl .
- Each of the "spaces” is then defined in turn, with at least two parameters being provided for each space — (1) its "Area” - defined in terms of its x, y, ax, ay coordinates; and (2) its "Type” - which sets an association between the space and the type of material which the space may contain.
- Space Al and Space Bl may be filled only by a "headline;
- Spaces A2, A3, B2 and Cl may be filled either by a "headline,” a "text” article, a "graphic” or a combination thereof;
- Space Dl may be filled only by a "graphic.”
- Additional parameters may also be determined for the page as a whole, or for a given "block” or a given "space.”
- enhanced text formatting features such as justification of lines and/or hyphenation, can be provided for all text on the page, by the inclusion of an appropriate set of commands as part of the default settings for the page as a whole
- Another example would be a command specifying a particular color for the text of the newspaper and/or for a particular page.
- Space Al has been assigned a specific "Font” command, which over-rides the "DefaultHeadlineFont” and sets the font for the headline to be inserted in space Al as Arial, 20 pt.
- Block A has a "UseBlockForOneArticleOnly” command which specifies that the "block” may not be filled with more than one article.
- the publisher may publish any edition of the newspaper without having to concern himself further with the format and layout of the newspaper.
- the publisher may not only vary the number of articles appearing in each edition of the newspaper but he may also include articles of varying length, without regard to the question whether or not the articles "fit" within a given space on a given page.
- the text of the articles which will appear in the newspaper may be transmitted to each subscriber as plain text, and these will be displayed on the subscriber's computer screen in accordance with the "psfs" and the additional formatting capabilities of the Formatter and Display Engine (hereinafter: the "FDE") in accordance with the present invention, thereby ensuring that the "look and feel" of the newspaper as it appears on each subscriber's screen will remain substantially constant.
- the FDE Formatter and Display Engine
- the publisher Prior to the transmission of the newspaper contents to each subscriber, the publisher assigns a "tag" to each data object, containing information which can be read thereafter by the
- the "tag" will typically comprise:
- Sectionr ⁇ section name (e.g. Front Page)> Headline: ⁇ text of headline>
- all of the articles and other data to be included in each subscriber's newspaper are transmitted to the client automatically, .after a connection is made between the client and the server.
- a connection is made between the client and the server.
- the connection may be initiated manually by the subscriber, preferably the connection will be established automatically, at off-peak hours, without direct involvement of the subscriber.
- FIG. 2 is a simplified flow chart of the procedures carried out automatically on the server associated with the publisher, in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention, after a connection has been made between a client and the server, for purposes of obtaining a new edition of the electronic newspaper.
- Procedure 110 obtaining the subscriber's "personal preferences" from the client. These are essentially a list of categories, topics or key words which are of particular interest to the subscriber and concerning which the subscriber would prefer to read about in his personalized newspaper. (Typically, each newspaper contains both "personalized” information as well as articles of general interest supplied to all subscribers.) These "personal preferences" are selected by the subscriber from a list of categories, topics or key words determined by the publisher, and transmitted from time to time to the client from the server. Once the subscriber has made his selection, the list of "personal preferences” is saved in a file on the client, and this list of preferences is sent to the server each time the client contacts the server to obtain a new edition of the newspaper. It is appreciated that the user may change his list of preferences at any time, and also that the publisher may update or change the categories of choice at any time. In the latter event, the user is prompted by the FDE to make a new selection, when the user next calls up the program.
- Procedure 120 comparing the subscriber's list of "personal preferences" obtained in procedure 110 with the subscriber's previous list of "personal preferences” as stored on the server and determining whether the list has been changed;
- Procedure 130 ascertaining whether an index has already been prepared, with markers to all the articles and other data to be included in the subscriber's personal newspaper, based upon the subscriber's preferences stored on the server's database;
- Procedure 14Q- in the event a change is detected in the personal preferences or in the event an index has not been prepared, preparing an index based upon the most recent list of personal preferences;
- Procedure 150 in the event no change is detected in the personal preferences and/or in the event an index has already been prepared, retrieving all the articles and other data to be included in the subscriber's personal newspaper;
- Procedure 160 "packaging”, i.e. compressing all the data for transmission.
- the compression of the data helps reduce the time needed for transmission, thereby reducing network traffic and the cost of transmission;
- Procedure 170 transmitting the compressed data to the client.
- the "packaging", i.e. compression of all of the data may not be done according to only one compression algorithm; rather, a different compression algorithm may be used for each type of data (e.g. text files, graphics, etc.).
- a different compression algorithm may be used for each type of data (e.g. text files, graphics, etc.).
- One advantage of using different compression ratios is that they can be used as identifiers by the FDE of the different types of data, when the data is decompressed on the clieni, as more fully described below.
- Fig. 3 is a simplified flow chart of the procedures carried out automatically on the client after the data comprising a new edition of the newspaper has been received from the server.
- Procedure 210 building a directory tree for the newspaper just received.
- the highest level of the directory tree will be based upon the date of the newspaper; and beneath this level will be a number of sub-directories or folders based upon data types — e.g. separate folders for each of "text articles”; “advertisements”; “graphics”, etc.
- each of the data types may also have its own sub-directories, organized according to subject. For example, the sub-directory "articles" may be further sub-divided into "news”, “sports", “editorial”, etc.;
- Procedure 220 decompressing the data that has been received
- Procedure 230 identifying each data object according to its type, and storing the data object in its appropriate sub-directory/folder.
- the identification of the data type may be based upon the filename extension assigned to each file by the server, prior to packaging, or, if different compression ratio algorithms are used for each data type (as explained above), the compression ratio algorithm may be used as the identifier of the file type.
- Each data object is stored in its sub-directory as a separate file, with a filename indicator that reflects the order of priority assigned by the publisher
- the package of data received from the server may also include data that is not to be included in that day's edition of the newspaper, but additional data needed for the proper interaction between server and client. These may comprise new "psfs", to replace or augment those already installed on the client; or new data for changing the configuration of the FDE, e.g. a new set of categories of "personal preferences". These additional data will be stored in appropriate sub-directories or folders, in a manner similar to that described above with regard to the newspaper articles.
- Fig. 4 is a simplified flow chart of the procedures carried out automatically by the client, after receipt of the newspaper data, on the basis of which the subscriber will thereafter be able to display the newspaper on his computer screen, in the layout stipulated by the publisher in the "psfs".
- Procedure 310 selecting the appropriate "psf for each page. Since the formatting of the newspaper will be done in page order, i.e. page one will be formatted first, followed by page two, etc., the selection of the appropriate "psf will be based primarily on page order. However, in certain circumstances, other factors will also be taken into consideration. For example, if the publisher has determined more than one "psf for the middle pages of the newspaper, the FDE may randomly select one of the appropriate "psfs" for each intermediate page of the newspapet.
- Procedure 320 reading the "psf into memory and parsing the "psf commands, thereby assigning a specific article or other data object of the current newspaper to a given "spatial object" defined in the "psf, based upon the hierarchical order of "spatial objects” as defined in the "psf and the priority value assigned to the article, while applying to the selected data object the formatting characteristics specified in the "psf; and Procedure 330' writing the results of the previous procedure to a Page Layout
- the FDE evaluates the "fit", and is adapted to make the following adjustments: If the full text of an article cannot be displayed within the space to which it has been assigned, because the space is too small to accommodate the full text of the article, the article is split into two portions - a first portion which is assigned to the available space, and a second portion (the balance of the article) which is saved in a temporary file.
- the second portion will be retrieved and formatted for display at an appropriate location on the other page, preferably on a "continued from” page, which will contain all concluding nortions of articles that could not be fully displayed in the spaces to which they had been assigned.
- Such a "continued from” page typically would be processed at the conclusion of the formatting and layout of all of the other pages included in that edition of the newspaper.) If the full text of an article can be displayed within its assigned space while the space has not been completely filled, the balance of the space may be filled with another article (if the "psf allows for more than one article in the space) or it may be filled with one of several possible '"fillers" supplied by the publisher. Typically, "fillers" are graphic files of the "stand-alone” type, and may take the form of an advertisement, a notice or the like.
- the notice that the article is continued on another page will comprise a "hyper-link" to the concluding portion of the article on the other page, making it possible for the reader to immediately read to the end of the article (and then return to the page on which the article first appeared) if he so desires.
- the following table provides a more detailed description of the actual formatting process carried out by the FDE, in preparing the newspaper data for display on the subscriber's computer screen, in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention.
- the table should be read in conjunction with the illustrative "page structure" of Fig. 1A and the illustrative "psf commands which can be found on page 8 above.
- the results of this formatting process are illustratively displayed in Fig. 5.
- any edition of the newspaper need not be limited to text or simple graphics. These may also include any type of multimedia object, including video, animation, audio or even inter-active computer applications such as Java "applets” or ActiveX components. (Typically, audio or video objects would be activated via a "clickable” text or graphic, as is known in the art.)
- the data objects may also include "hyper-links" to other data objects within the edition of the newspaper or to external objects.
- the formatting and layout mechanism of the present invention is also independent of any specific display engine, and it can be adapted to work with any of the display technologies currently available (e.g., RTF, DOC, PDF, EVY, etc.).
- the procedures outlined with reference to Figs. 3 and 4 are normally executed by the FDE automatically and in the background, after the newspaper data has been received from the server, without any intervention by the user.
- the FDE may also be activated manually by the user, and preferably has additional "user interface" features, such as:
- the electronic publication In the event the electronic publication is associated with a print edition of the publication, it also allows the publisher to establish a "look and feel" for the electronic publication that is similar to that of the print edition, thereby enhancing the brand image of the publication.
- the electronic edition of the publication may be displayed on subscribers' computer screens with the same type of layout, and formatting features ⁇ fonts, styles, headlines, columns, justified or unjustified lines of text, hyphenation, etc. - that are used in the print edition of the publication.
- the electronic publication may also include advertisements similar to those in the print edition.
- the electronic edition of the publication may also contain multi-media and inter-active components, the electronic publication in accordance with the invention may have a depth and additional information that it not available in the print edition of the publication.
- the subscriber can put together his own personalized electronic publication, divided into sections obtained from different sources (provided the sources publish electronic editions of their publications), e.g. news articles from the New York Times, opinion columns from the Washington Post, sports from Sports Illustrated, etc.
- sources provided the sources publish electronic editions of their publications
- the present invention is not limited to the specific application described in detail hereinabove, nor is it limited to a client/server system connected via the Internet.
- the invention may be implemented in many other applications, all of which and any variations thereof are to be deemed within the scope of the invention.
- the invention may be readily utilized within an organization, in publishing "on-line” various editions or issues of a newsletter or a catalog. It can also be used beneficially by individuals or organizations to produce compilations of archived materials, each compilation comprising different combinations of data, while all sharing a standard "look and feel" in accordance with the present invention.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AU21760/97A AU749431B2 (en) | 1997-04-09 | 1997-04-09 | Method for automatically formatting a document according to data object type |
CA002286054A CA2286054A1 (en) | 1997-04-09 | 1997-04-09 | Method for automatically formatting a document according to data object type |
JP54255398A JP2001519061A (en) | 1997-04-09 | 1997-04-09 | How to auto-format documents based on data object type |
PCT/IL1997/000122 WO1998045788A1 (en) | 1997-04-09 | 1997-04-09 | Method for automatically formatting a document according to data object type |
EP19970914539 EP0974102A4 (en) | 1997-04-09 | 1997-04-09 | Method for automatically formatting a document according to data object type |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/IL1997/000122 WO1998045788A1 (en) | 1997-04-09 | 1997-04-09 | Method for automatically formatting a document according to data object type |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1998045788A1 true WO1998045788A1 (en) | 1998-10-15 |
Family
ID=11061992
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/IL1997/000122 WO1998045788A1 (en) | 1997-04-09 | 1997-04-09 | Method for automatically formatting a document according to data object type |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0974102A4 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2001519061A (en) |
AU (1) | AU749431B2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2286054A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1998045788A1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
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US20030085920A1 (en) * | 2001-11-08 | 2003-05-08 | International Business Machines Corporation | System and method for packing of small objects for efficient delivery over networks |
KR100847026B1 (en) | 2006-04-05 | 2008-07-17 | 주식회사 티노스 | Multimedia newspaper service providing system based on personal multimedia player |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2404270A (en) * | 2003-07-24 | 2005-01-26 | Hewlett Packard Development Co | Document composition |
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- 1997-04-09 JP JP54255398A patent/JP2001519061A/en active Pending
- 1997-04-09 EP EP19970914539 patent/EP0974102A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1997-04-09 AU AU21760/97A patent/AU749431B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1997-04-09 WO PCT/IL1997/000122 patent/WO1998045788A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1997-04-09 CA CA002286054A patent/CA2286054A1/en not_active Abandoned
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US20030085920A1 (en) * | 2001-11-08 | 2003-05-08 | International Business Machines Corporation | System and method for packing of small objects for efficient delivery over networks |
US8806351B2 (en) * | 2001-11-08 | 2014-08-12 | International Business Machines Corporation | System and method for packing of small objects for efficient delivery over networks |
KR100847026B1 (en) | 2006-04-05 | 2008-07-17 | 주식회사 티노스 | Multimedia newspaper service providing system based on personal multimedia player |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP0974102A1 (en) | 2000-01-26 |
EP0974102A4 (en) | 2002-10-23 |
JP2001519061A (en) | 2001-10-16 |
CA2286054A1 (en) | 1998-10-15 |
AU749431B2 (en) | 2002-06-27 |
AU2176097A (en) | 1998-10-30 |
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