WO1998049123A1 - Melt cast charges - Google Patents

Melt cast charges Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1998049123A1
WO1998049123A1 PCT/SE1998/000775 SE9800775W WO9849123A1 WO 1998049123 A1 WO1998049123 A1 WO 1998049123A1 SE 9800775 W SE9800775 W SE 9800775W WO 9849123 A1 WO9849123 A1 WO 9849123A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
charges
adn
matrix
melt cast
hmx
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/SE1998/000775
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Abraham Langlet
Henric ÖSTMARK
Original Assignee
Försvarets Forskningsanstalt
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Försvarets Forskningsanstalt filed Critical Försvarets Forskningsanstalt
Priority to AU73547/98A priority Critical patent/AU7354798A/en
Publication of WO1998049123A1 publication Critical patent/WO1998049123A1/en

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
    • C06B31/00—Compositions containing an inorganic nitrogen-oxygen salt
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
    • C06B21/00—Apparatus or methods for working-up explosives, e.g. forming, cutting, drying
    • C06B21/0033—Shaping the mixture
    • C06B21/005—By a process involving melting at least part of the ingredients

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method of manufacturing melt cast charges comprising suspension of an explosive component in a molten component serving as a matrix, and new charges manufactured in accordance with the method.
  • Melt cast charges are commonly used as explosive charges in shells and mines. Casting is a simple and inexpensive method of manufacturing also charges of a complicated design, e.g. shaped charges, directly in a shell body. Melt cast charges are also relatively easy to scrap by melting out the charge.
  • TNT (2,4,6-trinitrotoluene) is the explosive which has mainly been used in melt cast charges.
  • TNT is stable, insensitive and has a low melting point (80°C), but has relatively poor performance and a strongly negative oxygen balance (-73.9%).
  • Explo- sives having higher performance, such as RDX and HMX, have therefore been suspended in molten TNT, which thus has served as a matrix, thereby obtaining castable mixed explosives.
  • a number of other products can be mixed with molten TNT to obtain castable explosive charges for special purposes, e.g. aluminium powder for charges having high efficiency.
  • One object of the present invention is to provide melt cast charges with improved performance.
  • a further object is to use a new matrix which replaces TNT in the manufacture of melt cast charges, but which at the same time allows essentially the same processes and process equipment to be used in the manufacture of the charges.
  • ADN ammonium dinitramide
  • WO 91/19669 WO 91/19670
  • WO 93/16002 WO 97/06099.
  • the invention also relates to a melt cast charge comprising a matrix of ADN, in which an explosive has been suspended, selected from the group consisting of RDX, HMX, HNIW and mixtures thereof.
  • HNIW or CL-20 as it is also referred to, is hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane.
  • a method of preparing HNIW is disclosed in e.g. WO 97/00873.
  • HNIW has no melting point and decomposes at about 230°C.
  • Melt cast charges of mixed explosives, in which TNT is used as a matrix, are well known and have long been used in military applications. Examples of such mixed explosives are TNT/RDX (Cyclotol, Hexotol, Comp.
  • TNT/HMX (Octol); TNT/RDX/AI (Hexotonal, Torpex, Trialene, HTA, HBX-1 , HBX-3, H-6); TNT/HMX AI (Octonal, HTA-3); TNT/RDX/HMX; TNT/RDX/HMX/AI.
  • ADN ammonium dinitramide
  • TNT has a melting point of about 80°C and ADN a melting point of 92°C. The difference in melting point is not greater than to allow the use of essentially the same manufacturing processes when the charges are manufactured by using the new matrix.
  • the new method is especially well suited for manufacturing shaped charges, where the melt/cast technique has great advantages while at the same time it is desirable to achieve higher performance of the charges.
  • a mixture of ADN/HMX 30/70 has the same performance as pure HMX, i.e. HMX can be melt cast without loss of performance by using ADN as a matrix.
  • the performance values in the Table relate to mixtures, i.e. for ADN/HNIW (ADN/CL-20) if HNIW is suspended in molten ADN.
  • ADN/HNIW ADN/CL-20
  • HNIW can also be dissolved in molten ADN, thereby obtain- ing a complex of ADN and HNIW.
  • the performance for the complex is higher than for the mixture.
  • aluminium powder and other additives can be mixed in the same way as is known from the manufacture of charges using TNT as a matrix.
  • the explosive can first be granulated with aluminium powder, for instance as described in US 4,376,083, before being mixed with the matrix.
  • Example 2 3 g ADN were melted in the same way as in Example 1 , and 6 g HNIW were added and mixed with the melt. The mixing was carried out relatively quickly to avoid that HNIW dissolved in the melt to any considerable extent. The sample was cooled by shutting off the thermostat.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
  • Casting Or Compression Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Vehicle Body Suspensions (AREA)
  • Refinement Of Pig-Iron, Manufacture Of Cast Iron, And Steel Manufacture Other Than In Revolving Furnaces (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a method of manufacturing melt cast charges, e.g. shaped charges, comprising suspension of an explosive component in a molten component serving as a matrix. The invention is characterised in that ADN (ammonium dinitramide) is used as a matrix. The invention also concerns a melt cast charge comprising a matrix of ADN, in which an explosive has been suspended, selected from the group consisting of RDX, HMX, HNIW and mixtures thereof.

Description

Melt Cast Charges
The invention relates to a method of manufacturing melt cast charges comprising suspension of an explosive component in a molten component serving as a matrix, and new charges manufactured in accordance with the method.
Melt cast charges are commonly used as explosive charges in shells and mines. Casting is a simple and inexpensive method of manufacturing also charges of a complicated design, e.g. shaped charges, directly in a shell body. Melt cast charges are also relatively easy to scrap by melting out the charge.
TNT (2,4,6-trinitrotoluene) is the explosive which has mainly been used in melt cast charges. TNT is stable, insensitive and has a low melting point (80°C), but has relatively poor performance and a strongly negative oxygen balance (-73.9%). Explo- sives having higher performance, such as RDX and HMX, have therefore been suspended in molten TNT, which thus has served as a matrix, thereby obtaining castable mixed explosives. Also a number of other products can be mixed with molten TNT to obtain castable explosive charges for special purposes, e.g. aluminium powder for charges having high efficiency.
One object of the present invention is to provide melt cast charges with improved performance. A further object is to use a new matrix which replaces TNT in the manufacture of melt cast charges, but which at the same time allows essentially the same processes and process equipment to be used in the manufacture of the charges.
According to the invention, ADN (ammonium dinitramide) is used as a matrix. The preparation of ADN is disclosed in e.g. WO 91/19669, WO 91/19670, WO 93/16002 and WO 97/06099.
The invention also relates to a melt cast charge comprising a matrix of ADN, in which an explosive has been suspended, selected from the group consisting of RDX, HMX, HNIW and mixtures thereof.
HNIW, or CL-20 as it is also referred to, is hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane. A method of preparing HNIW is disclosed in e.g. WO 97/00873. HNIW has no melting point and decomposes at about 230°C. Melt cast charges of mixed explosives, in which TNT is used as a matrix, are well known and have long been used in military applications. Examples of such mixed explosives are TNT/RDX (Cyclotol, Hexotol, Comp. B, HT); TNT/HMX (Octol); TNT/RDX/AI (Hexotonal, Torpex, Trialene, HTA, HBX-1 , HBX-3, H-6); TNT/HMX AI (Octonal, HTA-3); TNT/RDX/HMX; TNT/RDX/HMX/AI.
According to the invention, ADN (ammonium dinitramide) can replace TNT as a matrix in such charges and result in a mixed explosive with improved performance. TNT has a melting point of about 80°C and ADN a melting point of 92°C. The difference in melting point is not greater than to allow the use of essentially the same manufacturing processes when the charges are manufactured by using the new matrix.
The detonation performance for pure ADN is somewhat lower than for TNT, but mixtures of ADN and HMX, RDX, HNIW etc. result in considerably higher performance than do mixtures of the corresponding explosive and TNT.
The new method is especially well suited for manufacturing shaped charges, where the melt/cast technique has great advantages while at the same time it is desirable to achieve higher performance of the charges.
Theoretical calculations of detonation performance in shaped charge applications for different mixtures have been carried out by using the program Cheetah, the detonation performance for HMX being used as a basis of calculation and being set to 100%. The result is shown in the following Table:
Figure imgf000004_0001
A mixture of ADN/HMX 30/70 has the same performance as pure HMX, i.e. HMX can be melt cast without loss of performance by using ADN as a matrix. The performance values in the Table relate to mixtures, i.e. for ADN/HNIW (ADN/CL-20) if HNIW is suspended in molten ADN. As described in Swedish Patent Application 9701394-0, HNIW can also be dissolved in molten ADN, thereby obtain- ing a complex of ADN and HNIW. The performance for the complex is higher than for the mixture.
In the charges, aluminium powder and other additives can be mixed in the same way as is known from the manufacture of charges using TNT as a matrix. When aluminised charges are manufactured, the explosive can first be granulated with aluminium powder, for instance as described in US 4,376,083, before being mixed with the matrix.
The invention will now be described by way of Examples.
Example 1
3 g ADN were melted in a small steel cup provided with a thermostat and internally coated with Teflon. The thermostat was set at 105°C. 6 g HMX (200 μm) were added and mixed with the melt. A small stainless steel anchor was dropped into the mixture. The sample was cooled by setting the thermostat at 94°C for about 7 min and then switching it off completely. When the sample had cooled, it was carefully withdrawn from the cup by means of the anchor.
The test was repeated while adding RDX and mixtures of HMX and RDX to molten ADN.
The samples were analysed by DSC. No complex formation or exotherms owing to compatibility problems could be observed. Moreover, no change could be noted, either of the ADN matrix or of the admixed explosives when dividing the cast samples.
Example 2
3 g ADN were melted in the same way as in Example 1 , and 6 g HNIW were added and mixed with the melt. The mixing was carried out relatively quickly to avoid that HNIW dissolved in the melt to any considerable extent. The sample was cooled by shutting off the thermostat.
The sample was analysed by DSC. At 92 °C, the ADN phase melted while the HNIW crystals seemed to be unaffected.

Claims

Claims:
1. A method of manufacturing melt cast charges, comprising suspension of an explosive component in a molten component serving as a matrix, characterised in that the molten component is ADN.
2. A method as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that the charges are shaped charges.
3. A melt cast charge, characterised in that it comprises a matrix of ADN, in which an explosive has been suspended, selected from the group consisting of RDX, HMX, HNIW and mixtures thereof.
4. A melt cast charge as claimed in claim 3, characterised in that it contains aluminium powder.
PCT/SE1998/000775 1997-04-29 1998-04-28 Melt cast charges WO1998049123A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU73547/98A AU7354798A (en) 1997-04-29 1998-04-28 Melt cast charges

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE9701622-4 1997-04-29
SE9701622A SE511285C2 (en) 1997-04-29 1997-04-29 Melt-cast charges

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1998049123A1 true WO1998049123A1 (en) 1998-11-05

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
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Country Status (3)

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AU (1) AU7354798A (en)
SE (1) SE511285C2 (en)
WO (1) WO1998049123A1 (en)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2003002485A1 (en) * 2001-06-27 2003-01-09 Alliant Techsystems Inc. Reduced sensitivity, melt-pourable tritonal replacements
WO2003002486A1 (en) * 2001-06-27 2003-01-09 Alliant Techsystems Inc. Reduced sensitivity, melt-pourable tnt replacements
US6964714B2 (en) 2001-06-27 2005-11-15 Alliant Techsystems Inc. Reduced sensitivity, melt-pourable tritonal replacements
US7067024B2 (en) 2001-06-27 2006-06-27 Alliant Techsystems Inc. Reduced sensitivity, melt-pourable TNT replacements
US8778104B1 (en) 2008-04-22 2014-07-15 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Insensitive gun propellant, ammunition round assembly, armament system, and related methods
FR3027598A1 (en) * 2014-10-28 2016-04-29 Herakles COMPOSITE PYROTECHNIC PRODUCT WITH DNA AND RDX LOADS IN PAG TYPE BINDER AND PREPARATION THEREOF
US9629528B2 (en) 2012-03-30 2017-04-25 The General Hospital Corporation Imaging system, method and distal attachment for multidirectional field of view endoscopy
CN110160413A (en) * 2019-06-12 2019-08-23 西安近代化学研究所 A kind of hot plug feeding technology design method of big L/D ratio castexplosive powder charge

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115108871B (en) * 2022-06-20 2023-05-09 西安近代化学研究所 Method for determining optimal addition proportion of functional auxiliary agent in fusion-cast explosive

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4376083A (en) * 1980-02-29 1983-03-08 Dyno Industrier A.S. Process for the preparation of aluminum-containing high-energy explosive compositions
US5468313A (en) * 1994-11-29 1995-11-21 Thiokol Corporation Plastisol explosive
WO1997000873A1 (en) * 1995-06-22 1997-01-09 Thiokol Corporation Improved synthesis of 2,4,6,8,10,12-hexabenzyl-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazatetracyclo[5.5.0.0?5,9.03,11¿]dodecane
WO1997006099A1 (en) * 1995-08-08 1997-02-20 Försvarets Forskningsanstalt Method of preparing dinitramidic acid and salts thereof

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4376083A (en) * 1980-02-29 1983-03-08 Dyno Industrier A.S. Process for the preparation of aluminum-containing high-energy explosive compositions
US5468313A (en) * 1994-11-29 1995-11-21 Thiokol Corporation Plastisol explosive
WO1997000873A1 (en) * 1995-06-22 1997-01-09 Thiokol Corporation Improved synthesis of 2,4,6,8,10,12-hexabenzyl-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazatetracyclo[5.5.0.0?5,9.03,11¿]dodecane
WO1997006099A1 (en) * 1995-08-08 1997-02-20 Försvarets Forskningsanstalt Method of preparing dinitramidic acid and salts thereof

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2003002485A1 (en) * 2001-06-27 2003-01-09 Alliant Techsystems Inc. Reduced sensitivity, melt-pourable tritonal replacements
WO2003002486A1 (en) * 2001-06-27 2003-01-09 Alliant Techsystems Inc. Reduced sensitivity, melt-pourable tnt replacements
US6964714B2 (en) 2001-06-27 2005-11-15 Alliant Techsystems Inc. Reduced sensitivity, melt-pourable tritonal replacements
US7067024B2 (en) 2001-06-27 2006-06-27 Alliant Techsystems Inc. Reduced sensitivity, melt-pourable TNT replacements
US8778104B1 (en) 2008-04-22 2014-07-15 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Insensitive gun propellant, ammunition round assembly, armament system, and related methods
US9629528B2 (en) 2012-03-30 2017-04-25 The General Hospital Corporation Imaging system, method and distal attachment for multidirectional field of view endoscopy
FR3027598A1 (en) * 2014-10-28 2016-04-29 Herakles COMPOSITE PYROTECHNIC PRODUCT WITH DNA AND RDX LOADS IN PAG TYPE BINDER AND PREPARATION THEREOF
WO2016066946A1 (en) * 2014-10-28 2016-05-06 Herakles Composite pyrotechnic product with adn and rdx charges in a gpa binder and preparation of same
US10040731B2 (en) 2014-10-28 2018-08-07 Airbus Safran Launchers Sas Composite pyrotechnic product with ADN and RDX charges in a gap type binder, and preparation thereof
CN110160413A (en) * 2019-06-12 2019-08-23 西安近代化学研究所 A kind of hot plug feeding technology design method of big L/D ratio castexplosive powder charge
CN110160413B (en) * 2019-06-12 2021-11-23 西安近代化学研究所 Large length-diameter ratio fusion cast explosive charging hot core rod feeding process design method

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU7354798A (en) 1998-11-24
SE9701622D0 (en) 1997-04-29
SE511285C2 (en) 1999-09-06
SE9701622L (en) 1998-10-30

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