WO1999014978A1 - An apparatus and method for reducing delay for voice over atm using co-located switches - Google Patents
An apparatus and method for reducing delay for voice over atm using co-located switches Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1999014978A1 WO1999014978A1 PCT/US1998/014498 US9814498W WO9914978A1 WO 1999014978 A1 WO1999014978 A1 WO 1999014978A1 US 9814498 W US9814498 W US 9814498W WO 9914978 A1 WO9914978 A1 WO 9914978A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- atm
- voice
- switches
- tdm
- network
- Prior art date
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 13
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000011664 signaling Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000001934 delay Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 108091006146 Channels Proteins 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 12
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009499 grossing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003044 adaptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006837 decompression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004320 sodium erythorbate Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L49/00—Packet switching elements
- H04L49/10—Packet switching elements characterised by the switching fabric construction
- H04L49/104—Asynchronous transfer mode [ATM] switching fabrics
- H04L49/105—ATM switching elements
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L12/00—Data switching networks
- H04L12/64—Hybrid switching systems
- H04L12/6418—Hybrid transport
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L49/00—Packet switching elements
- H04L49/20—Support for services
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L49/00—Packet switching elements
- H04L49/25—Routing or path finding in a switch fabric
- H04L49/253—Routing or path finding in a switch fabric using establishment or release of connections between ports
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L49/00—Packet switching elements
- H04L49/30—Peripheral units, e.g. input or output ports
- H04L49/3081—ATM peripheral units, e.g. policing, insertion or extraction
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04Q—SELECTING
- H04Q11/00—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems
- H04Q11/04—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems for time-division multiplexing
- H04Q11/0428—Integrated services digital network, i.e. systems for transmission of different types of digitised signals, e.g. speech, data, telecentral, television signals
- H04Q11/0478—Provisions for broadband connections
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
- H04J2203/00—Aspects of optical multiplex systems other than those covered by H04J14/05 and H04J14/07
- H04J2203/0001—Provisions for broadband connections in integrated services digital network using frames of the Optical Transport Network [OTN] or using synchronous transfer mode [STM], e.g. SONET, SDH
- H04J2203/0003—Switching fabrics, e.g. transport network, control network
- H04J2203/0005—Switching elements
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
- H04J2203/00—Aspects of optical multiplex systems other than those covered by H04J14/05 and H04J14/07
- H04J2203/0001—Provisions for broadband connections in integrated services digital network using frames of the Optical Transport Network [OTN] or using synchronous transfer mode [STM], e.g. SONET, SDH
- H04J2203/0064—Admission Control
- H04J2203/0066—Signalling, e.g. protocols, reference model
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L12/00—Data switching networks
- H04L12/54—Store-and-forward switching systems
- H04L12/56—Packet switching systems
- H04L12/5601—Transfer mode dependent, e.g. ATM
- H04L2012/5629—Admission control
- H04L2012/563—Signalling, e.g. protocols, reference model
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L12/00—Data switching networks
- H04L12/54—Store-and-forward switching systems
- H04L12/56—Packet switching systems
- H04L12/5601—Transfer mode dependent, e.g. ATM
- H04L2012/5638—Services, e.g. multimedia, GOS, QOS
- H04L2012/5671—Support of voice
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L12/00—Data switching networks
- H04L12/64—Hybrid switching systems
- H04L12/6402—Hybrid switching fabrics
- H04L2012/6413—Switch peripheries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L12/00—Data switching networks
- H04L12/64—Hybrid switching systems
- H04L12/6418—Hybrid transport
- H04L2012/6481—Speech, voice
Definitions
- the present invention relates to telecommunications in general and in particular to sending voice over high speed digital communication circuits.
- FIG. 1 illustrates a typical network with voice over ATM capability. Since voice switching is done in a time division multiplexing (TDM) domain, the ATM background is used only as a transport network. At least two TDM voice switches will typically be connected to the ATM backbone network at each originating and terminating end. TDM voice switches use 64 KB per second samples of digitized voice for it's switching fabric. Once the switching is done these voice samples are packetized into ATM cells which are 53 bytes long before sending them through the ATM network. On the terminating side, the ATM cells are again depacketized and converted into voice samples before entering the TDM voice switch.
- TDM time division multiplexing
- the digitized TDM voice signal is packetized and de-packetized.
- Each portion of the network traveled introduces its own delay. These delays, while insignificant in communicating standard data take on greater significance when voice comes into play. Delays in voice conversations soon become unacceptable and are unpleasant to the ear .
- the cell fill delay is the delay required to fill a 53 byte ATM cell with 64 KBPS TDM voice samples. It requires about 6 ms (376 bits divided by 64,000 bps) to fill an ATM cell with TDM voice samples, assuming one cell is used per voice call.
- This delay increases as voice compression is used in the network.
- the use of compression increases the amount of delay by a factor of the compression ratio. For example, if the voice is compressed at a 4 to 1 ratio, which is typically used, then it would increase the delay by a factor of four which is 4 by 6ms equals 24 ms at the originating end.
- ADPCM ADPCM technology typically involves a delay of 25 ms.
- a new technology called low delay - code excited linear prediction (LD-CELP) incurs the delay of 2 ms for 8 to 1 compression. All things considered, a minimum delay of 56 ms for 4 to 1 compression to 57 ms for 8 to 1 compression is added for a simple network with 2 voice switches as shown in Fig. 1.
- Reality is however, that most voice calls will go through at least 4 or more voice switches at multiple entry and exit points to and from the ATM backbone network. These entries and exit will introduce significantly more delay to the process.
- Fig. 2 illustrates an example of a network with 4
- TDM voice switches and the respective interfaces to ATM networks TDM voice switches and the respective interfaces to ATM networks .
- voice packets interact with 3 separate ATM networks .
- a delay of 56 to 57 ms is added to the voice transmission.
- the network illustrated in Fig. 2 will incur a delay of 168 to 171 ms depending on the voice compression factor (4 to 1 or 8 to 1) .
- the acceptable delay for the real-time voice transmission is required to be less than 130 to 200 ms . Any greater delay results in very unpleasant conversation between the end users.
- the increased frequency of compression and decompression makes matters worse by introducing errors in the voice signal. It is therefore desirable to eliminate and/or reduce the number of exit and entry points between the voice network and the ATM network.
- the instant invention allows control of voice transmission from end user to end user by common channel signaling without the repeated conversion delays encountered by entering and exiting the standard voice network and an ATM network.
- the control is accomplished in parallel over the standard public switch telephone network while the voice "data" is transported over an ATM "data” network.
- Each ATM node has with it a co-located PSTN voice switch.
- a pair of control links are used to communicate between the two co- located ATM and TDM switches .
- FIG. 1 illustrates a typical voice over ATM network block diagram.
- Fig. 2 illustrates a current ATM network block diagram.
- Fig. 3 illustrates a block diagram of an ATM implementation of the present invention.
- Fig. 4 illustrates a block diagram of virtual path/ virtual channel connectivity of the present invention.
- Fig. 5 illustrates an interface between a TDM switch and an ATM switch.
- an originating terminal places a call to voice switch A302 which is connected a an ATM network 306 through a conversion along path 304 from 64 kb per second to ATM cells.
- ATM network 306 forwards the ATM voice call over link 308 to ATM switch E 316.
- ATM switches E and F are co-located with TDM voice switches B and C.
- Voice switches A and D are the end points that is where the voice path is originated and terminated. These end points do not need to use their co-located ATM switches.
- ATM network cloud 318 represents an ATM network which has the ATM edge switches at the edge of the network. These switches are responsible for assigning the virtual path / virtual channels (VP/VC) .
- the interfaces between the voice switches and the ATM network could either be public UNI (User Network Interface) or private UNI. It is also assumed that the voice switches have a capability to packetize from 64 kbps voice samples into 53 byte ATM cells and the ATM networks have capability to depacketize the 53 byte ATM cells into 64 kbps voice samples before forwarding the call to the next switch.
- the signal from voice switch A is packetized sent to its corresponding ATM network through the
- ATM switch E It then arrives at ATM switch E where it is depacketized and sent to its co-located switch B through the voice connection, Voice switch B looks up its table, finds the corresponding VP/VC route and relays this information to ATM switch E via the control link.
- ATM switch E then sets up the VP/VC control route towards the ATM switch F through voice switch B's corresponding ATM network.
- ATM switch E sets up a three way connection between the given VP/VC route and voice switch B so that the voice switch can stay connected with the call.
- ATM switch F upon receiving the signaling information depacketizes the received call packet and sends it to voice switch C. Voice switch C then does the same as voice switch B; i.e., it looks up in the table and relays the VP/VC information to its co-located ATM switch F.
- ATM switch F then sets up the VP/VC route towards ATM network 328.
- Fig. 4 on page 5 shows the voice path after the call has been established. Only two conversions, TDM to ATM and vice a versa are used throughout the entire voice path. According to the proposed implementation, the end to end delay for the same network comes out to be a mere 56 and 57 ms, a significantly smaller number than that of the existing 168 to 171 ms .
- a conversion from ATM to TDM is performed at each TDM voice switch which uses its co-located ATM switch. However, these conversions are done during the call setup and subsequent signaling only which results in little real-time delay effect on the voice transmission.
- Fig. 4 illustrates the concept of connectivity between the ATM network and its co-located ATM switch. It shows how the co-located ATM switch is connected to all other
- the network edge is the interface between the ATM and TDM network. It is usually the network edges which have primary responsibility for the packetization and depacketization of the voice transmission. However, it is actually a network implementation option and is beyond the scope of the instant invention. It is desirable to maintain the co-located ATM switch as part of the ATM network so that the appropriate routing of the VP/VC is done properly.
- Fig. 4 also illustrates the three-way connection between the VP/VC voice path and the voice switch.
- This three-way bridge allows the voice switch to control the call which in turn enables the co-located ATM switch to set up or break down any VP/VC route across the ATM network before and during the call, providing that IN (Intelligent Network) features can also be made available through the instant invention.
- IN Intelligent Network
- Fig. 5 illustrates the interface between the co- located ATM and TDM switches.
- the interface comprises both control and voice connections.
- the control link(Tl or Ethernet for example) is used to perform the signaling between these two co-located switches.
- This control link has to be highly reliable and should be configured with appropriate redundancy such that the communication between them is highly reliable.
- Voice connection is used to communicate between the TDM and the ATM domain throughout the call . It is used to collect all the signaling information, dial digits, hook flash, etc. and call setup and if necessary during the call.
- the voice switch uses this information for call processing. Among other things the routing portion of the call processing is of particular importance.
- the routing data base contains information about all the trunk resources which are available for a call.
- the proposed implementation requires the TDM switch to extend its routing data base to include the VP/VC information in addition to the trunk information. That is the voice switch has to map the TDM domain to the ATM domain by tracking the VP/VC and vice versa. At call setup or even during the call if necessary, the voice switch relays this information to its co-located ATM switch so that the ATM switch can route the call through appropriate VP/VC.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CA002305650A CA2305650A1 (en) | 1997-09-17 | 1998-07-10 | An apparatus and method for reducing delay for voice over atm using co-located switches |
AU86581/98A AU8658198A (en) | 1997-09-17 | 1998-07-10 | An apparatus and method for reducing delay for voice over atm using co-located switches |
EP98937955A EP1018285A1 (en) | 1997-09-17 | 1998-07-10 | An apparatus and method for reducing delay for voice over atm using co-located switches |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US08/932,094 | 1997-09-17 | ||
US08/932,094 US6172973B1 (en) | 1997-09-17 | 1997-09-17 | Apparatus and method for reducing delay for voice over ATM using co-located switches |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1999014978A1 true WO1999014978A1 (en) | 1999-03-25 |
Family
ID=25461765
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US1998/014498 WO1999014978A1 (en) | 1997-09-17 | 1998-07-10 | An apparatus and method for reducing delay for voice over atm using co-located switches |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6172973B1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1018285A1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU8658198A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2305650A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1999014978A1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US9088346B2 (en) | 2010-06-30 | 2015-07-21 | Comtech Ef Data Corp. | System and method for a broadcast recovery carrier channel for static and dynamic carrier systems |
WO2015122956A1 (en) * | 2014-02-12 | 2015-08-20 | Comtech Ef Data Corp. | System and method for a broadcast recovery carrier channel |
Families Citing this family (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH11136715A (en) * | 1997-10-28 | 1999-05-21 | Fujitsu Ltd | Network system and communication equipment |
CA2290304C (en) * | 1998-12-23 | 2009-03-17 | Nortel Networks Corporation | Direct end-office atm trunking |
US7133417B1 (en) * | 1999-07-02 | 2006-11-07 | Cisco Technology, Inc. | Multipath voice switching method and apparatus |
WO2001095057A2 (en) * | 2000-06-02 | 2001-12-13 | Radisys Corporation | Voice-over ip communication without echo cancellation |
US6526046B1 (en) * | 2001-04-24 | 2003-02-25 | General Bandwidth Inc. | System and method for communicating telecommunication information using asynchronous transfer mode |
US7042845B1 (en) | 2001-06-08 | 2006-05-09 | Cisco Technology, Inc. | System and method for time division multiplexed switching of data using a high-speed packet switch |
US6907047B2 (en) * | 2001-07-18 | 2005-06-14 | Sbc Technology Resources, Inc. | Service aware switched SDH/SONET/TDM network |
CN1964408A (en) * | 2005-11-12 | 2007-05-16 | 鸿富锦精密工业(深圳)有限公司 | A device and method for mute processing |
CN1980293A (en) * | 2005-12-03 | 2007-06-13 | 鸿富锦精密工业(深圳)有限公司 | Silencing processing device and method |
CN1979639B (en) * | 2005-12-03 | 2011-07-27 | 鸿富锦精密工业(深圳)有限公司 | Silencing treatment device and method |
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1997
- 1997-09-17 US US08/932,094 patent/US6172973B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1998
- 1998-07-10 EP EP98937955A patent/EP1018285A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1998-07-10 WO PCT/US1998/014498 patent/WO1999014978A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1998-07-10 CA CA002305650A patent/CA2305650A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1998-07-10 AU AU86581/98A patent/AU8658198A/en not_active Abandoned
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Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US9088346B2 (en) | 2010-06-30 | 2015-07-21 | Comtech Ef Data Corp. | System and method for a broadcast recovery carrier channel for static and dynamic carrier systems |
WO2015122956A1 (en) * | 2014-02-12 | 2015-08-20 | Comtech Ef Data Corp. | System and method for a broadcast recovery carrier channel |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1018285A1 (en) | 2000-07-12 |
CA2305650A1 (en) | 1999-03-25 |
AU8658198A (en) | 1999-04-05 |
US6172973B1 (en) | 2001-01-09 |
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