WO1999016139A2 - Method and device for cooling fuel cells - Google Patents
Method and device for cooling fuel cells Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1999016139A2 WO1999016139A2 PCT/DE1998/002839 DE9802839W WO9916139A2 WO 1999016139 A2 WO1999016139 A2 WO 1999016139A2 DE 9802839 W DE9802839 W DE 9802839W WO 9916139 A2 WO9916139 A2 WO 9916139A2
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- fuel cell
- water
- fuel
- quench cooler
- cooled
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04029—Heat exchange using liquids
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/0612—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0065—Solid electrolytes
- H01M2300/0082—Organic polymers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/04119—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/04119—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying
- H01M8/04156—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying with product water removal
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Definitions
- the invention relates to a device with a fuel cell and coolants and a cooling method for operating such a device.
- a fuel cell has a cathode, an electrolyte and an anode.
- the cathode becomes an oxidizing agent, e.g. B. air and the anode becomes a fuel, e.g. B. supplied hydrogen.
- the cathode and anode of a fuel cell generally have a continuous porosity, so that the two operating resources, fuel and oxidizing agent, can be supplied to the electrolyte and the product water can be removed.
- a membrane of a fuel cell must be moistened throughout in order to enable a high proton conductivity and thus a high power density. As it dries out, the proton conductivity decreases. If the membrane dries out, it shrinks at the same time. Permeability to permanent gases increases and mechanical stresses occur. Both contribute to a possible failure of the fuel cell.
- Methanol is then z. B. reformed outside of the fuel cell in a suitable reactor - which will be called the reforming reactor below - and thus converted into a hydrogen-rich synthesis gas.
- a suitable reactor - which will be called the reforming reactor below - and thus converted into a hydrogen-rich synthesis gas.
- the hydrogen-rich synthesis gas is cleaned, e.g. is passed through a suitable membrane.
- the hydrogen is separated from impurities.
- the hydrogen Before entering the fuel cell, the hydrogen is cooled to the comparatively low operating temperature of the fuel cell. A fuel cell heats up the conversion of hydrogen and oxygen to water. Therefore, it must also be cooled.
- a liquid or gaseous coolant flows in a fuel cell, it heats up increasingly. The warmer the coolant gets, the weaker its cooling performance. Cooling a fuel cell in the aforementioned manner accordingly leads to temperature gradients in the fuel cell. Temperature gradients within a fuel cell mean that it is not operated locally with the optimal operating temperature and consequently not with the optimal efficiency.
- the object of the invention is to provide a method for cooling that enables more efficient operation of a fuel cell.
- the object of the invention is also to provide an associated device.
- the fuel cell is cooled by converting a liquid into a gas.
- the heat to be removed is therefore fed to a liquid, which thereby converts it into a gas.
- the boiling point of the liquid is below the operating temperature of the fuel cell.
- the liquid absorbs excess heat from the fuel cell without heating up to temperatures above the operating temperature. This prevents overheating and the associated drying out of the membrane.
- the fuel is initially converted to e.g. B. heated to about 300 ° C.
- the heated fuel is then cooled by evaporating water.
- a quench cooler can be provided by means of which an operating gas is cooled by vaporizing a liquid.
- the oxidizing agent is first compressed and heated in the process. Compressing the oxidizing agent, usually air, creates increased pressures in the fuel cell on the cathode side. An increased pressure prevailing on the cathode side is desirable since this increases the efficiency of the fuel cell. Due to a higher cathode pressure, product water formed in the fuel cell is pushed back out of the cathode compartment into the membrane. The membrane is thus advantageously moistened. Increased pressure is also advantageous (often even necessary) for the separation of the water produced in the fuel cell by the cell reaction in order to be able to separate the amount of water required for the overall system.
- the oxidizing agent heated in the course of the compression is subsequently cooled in a quench cooler by evaporation of water, it is at the same time advantageously moistened without having to accept large pressure drops. Drying out of the membrane is consequently further counteracted. The performance of a fuel cell is retained.
- water produced in the fuel cell is fed to the quench cooler (s).
- An external water supply can be saved accordingly.
- Quench cooling means that a gas can be optimally humidified.
- the heat required for evaporation is extracted from the supplied hot, dry gas. taken. This cools the gas and at the same time moistens it with the evaporated water. If the temperature of the humidified gas is lowered to such an extent that no additional water can be evaporated, the gas is optimally humidified.
- the gas temperature of the humidified gas is then equal to a water temperature to which a water vapor pressure is assigned, which corresponds to the water vapor partial pressure of the humidified gas at this temperature.
- An excess, small amount of water lowers the temperature of the gas mixture only slightly.
- this form of humidification leads to a temperature that is close to the working temperature of the cell , or slightly below.
- the air heated by the compression to approximately 100 ° C. is cooled to a temperature in the range of 50 ° C. with simultaneous humidification of relatively 100%.
- the water generated on the cathode during the reaction can be absorbed while being heated by cell waste heat.
- water in liquid form is only present directly on the membrane, ie in the area of the cathode reaction.
- a transport The change in the porous catalyst layer is kept low.
- the air ratio lambda is a stoichiometric number which represents a measure of the excess of oxidizing agent at the cathode . Lambda values greater than "1" have a positive effect on the expiration
- Lamda values of 1.5 to 2.5 have been found to be advantageous for the operation of the device for the aforementioned reasons.
- B humidifier / quench cooler
- T (expansion) turbine
- G blower / compressor
- HE cooler / condensate separator.
- FIG. 2 shows a quench cooler with a container A operated under increased pressure, into which hot, dry gas B flows.
- water C is introduced into the container under increased pressure and sprayed with a nozzle. The resulting water droplets are small so that they can evaporate quickly.
- the heat required for evaporation is taken from the hot, dry gas. This cools the gas and at the same time moistens it with the evaporated water. If the temperature of the outflowing, humidified and cooled gas is reduced to such an extent that no additional water can be evaporated, an optimal degree of humidification of the gas is achieved.
- the humidified, cooled gas escapes through outlet D
- the amount of water introduced into the quench cooler is adapted by a metering device to the requirements relating to the amount, temperature and pressure of the dry, hot gas to be cooled and humidified.
- the quench cooler can contain agents that retain non-evaporated water. Excess water is removed passed and can be fed back into the quench cooler by means of a suitable pump after a pressure increase.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP98958163A EP1019973A2 (en) | 1997-09-19 | 1998-09-17 | Method and device for cooling fuel cells |
AU14326/99A AU1432699A (en) | 1997-09-19 | 1998-09-17 | Method and device for cooling fuel cells |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19741331A DE19741331C2 (en) | 1997-09-19 | 1997-09-19 | Cooling method for fuel cells |
DE19741331.5 | 1997-09-19 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1999016139A2 true WO1999016139A2 (en) | 1999-04-01 |
WO1999016139A3 WO1999016139A3 (en) | 1999-07-01 |
Family
ID=7842915
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/DE1998/002839 WO1999016139A2 (en) | 1997-09-19 | 1998-09-17 | Method and device for cooling fuel cells |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1019973A2 (en) |
AU (1) | AU1432699A (en) |
DE (1) | DE19741331C2 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1999016139A2 (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2000045456A1 (en) * | 1999-01-27 | 2000-08-03 | Xcellsis Gmbh | Device for evaporating and/or overheating a hydrocarbon |
DE10301812B4 (en) * | 2003-01-20 | 2007-02-22 | Daimlerchrysler Ag | Method for operating a fuel cell system |
Families Citing this family (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2000033407A1 (en) | 1998-12-01 | 2000-06-08 | Ballard Power Systems Inc. | Method and apparatus for controlling the temperature within an electrochemical fuel cell |
NL1013474C2 (en) | 1999-05-27 | 2000-12-01 | Plug Power Inc | System for generating electrical energy and heat. |
US6316134B1 (en) * | 1999-09-13 | 2001-11-13 | Ballard Generation Systems, Inc. | Fuel cell electric power generation system |
DE19954548B4 (en) * | 1999-11-12 | 2005-08-18 | Ballard Power Systems Ag | Fuel cell drive and method for operating a fuel cell drive |
DE10030775C1 (en) * | 2000-06-23 | 2001-12-20 | Buderus Heiztechnik Gmbh | Fluid dosing method for gas generation device for fuel cell system uses central 3-way mixing valve for pulsed dosing of hydrocarbon and water in alternation |
DE10104246C1 (en) * | 2001-01-31 | 2002-06-06 | Zsw | Fuel cell e.g. for electric traction drive, incorporates dampening of process gas used for operation of fuel cell |
DE10121768B4 (en) * | 2001-05-04 | 2007-03-01 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Mixing device for gases in fuel cells |
FR2841043B1 (en) * | 2002-06-14 | 2004-12-24 | Technicatome | SYSTEM FOR REFRIGERATING A STACK OF FUEL CELL BASE MODULES |
DE20210508U1 (en) * | 2002-07-05 | 2003-11-13 | Viessmann Werke Kg | Polymer membrane fuel cell has stack of individual cells and uses coolant for holding fuel cells at working temperature with evaporation temperature corresponding to fuel cell working temperature |
AU2003299245A1 (en) * | 2002-12-17 | 2004-07-09 | Hydrogensource Llc | Evaporator |
DE102014220501A1 (en) * | 2014-10-09 | 2016-04-14 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Liquid storage system for storing a liquid, fuel cell system and operating method for a motor vehicle with a fuel cell system |
Citations (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1496124A1 (en) * | 1963-08-27 | 1969-01-02 | Gen Electric | Fuel cell |
US3969145A (en) * | 1975-07-21 | 1976-07-13 | United Technologies Corporation | Fuel cell cooling system using a non-dielectric coolant |
US4824740A (en) * | 1987-06-15 | 1989-04-25 | International Fuel Cell Corporation | Fuel cell stack cooling system |
US5041344A (en) * | 1984-12-14 | 1991-08-20 | Fuji Electric Corporate Research And Development Ltd. | Fuel cell cooling device |
EP0519369A1 (en) * | 1991-06-21 | 1992-12-23 | Osaka Gas Co., Ltd. | Solid-electrolyte fuel cell system |
US5344721A (en) * | 1992-03-31 | 1994-09-06 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell apparatus |
WO1995006335A1 (en) * | 1993-08-20 | 1995-03-02 | Ballard Power Systems Inc. | Hydrocarbon fueled solid polymer fuel cell electric power generation system |
US5565279A (en) * | 1995-12-27 | 1996-10-15 | International Fuel Cells Corp. | System and method for providing optimum cell operating temperatures and steam production in a fuel cell power plant |
EP0629013B1 (en) * | 1993-06-07 | 1997-04-02 | Daimler-Benz Aktiengesellschaft | Method and device for supplying air to a fuel cell system |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS60136178A (en) * | 1983-12-26 | 1985-07-19 | Nippon Nenryo Gijutsu Kaihatsu Kk | Fuel cell power generation plant |
JPS60154472A (en) * | 1984-01-25 | 1985-08-14 | Toshiba Corp | Fuel cell |
JPH06105624B2 (en) * | 1984-03-31 | 1994-12-21 | 株式会社東芝 | Fuel cell power plant |
US4994331A (en) * | 1989-08-28 | 1991-02-19 | International Fuel Cells Corporation | Fuel cell evaporative cooling using fuel as a carrier gas |
JPH05275101A (en) * | 1992-03-27 | 1993-10-22 | Fuji Electric Co Ltd | Solid polyelectrolytic type fuel cell system |
DE19641143A1 (en) * | 1995-10-05 | 1997-04-17 | Magnet Motor Gmbh | Polymer electrolyte fuel cell |
DE19636908C2 (en) * | 1996-09-11 | 2001-08-16 | Siemens Ag | Method for operating a fuel cell system and fuel cell system |
-
1997
- 1997-09-19 DE DE19741331A patent/DE19741331C2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1998
- 1998-09-17 WO PCT/DE1998/002839 patent/WO1999016139A2/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1998-09-17 AU AU14326/99A patent/AU1432699A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1998-09-17 EP EP98958163A patent/EP1019973A2/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1496124A1 (en) * | 1963-08-27 | 1969-01-02 | Gen Electric | Fuel cell |
US3969145A (en) * | 1975-07-21 | 1976-07-13 | United Technologies Corporation | Fuel cell cooling system using a non-dielectric coolant |
US5041344A (en) * | 1984-12-14 | 1991-08-20 | Fuji Electric Corporate Research And Development Ltd. | Fuel cell cooling device |
US4824740A (en) * | 1987-06-15 | 1989-04-25 | International Fuel Cell Corporation | Fuel cell stack cooling system |
EP0519369A1 (en) * | 1991-06-21 | 1992-12-23 | Osaka Gas Co., Ltd. | Solid-electrolyte fuel cell system |
US5344721A (en) * | 1992-03-31 | 1994-09-06 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell apparatus |
EP0629013B1 (en) * | 1993-06-07 | 1997-04-02 | Daimler-Benz Aktiengesellschaft | Method and device for supplying air to a fuel cell system |
WO1995006335A1 (en) * | 1993-08-20 | 1995-03-02 | Ballard Power Systems Inc. | Hydrocarbon fueled solid polymer fuel cell electric power generation system |
US5565279A (en) * | 1995-12-27 | 1996-10-15 | International Fuel Cells Corp. | System and method for providing optimum cell operating temperatures and steam production in a fuel cell power plant |
Non-Patent Citations (4)
Title |
---|
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 009, no. 295 (E-360), 21. November 1985 & JP 60 136178 A (NIHON NENRIYOU GIJUTSU KAIHATSU KK;OTHERS: 01), 19. Juli 1985 * |
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 009, no. 321 (E-367), 17. Dezember 1985 & JP 60 154472 A (TOSHIBA KK), 14. August 1985 * |
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 010, no. 054 (E-385), 4. März 1986 & JP 60 208067 A (TOSHIBA KK;OTHERS: 01), 19. Oktober 1985 * |
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 018, no. 047 (E-1496), 25. Januar 1994 & JP 05 275101 A (FUJI ELECTRIC CO LTD), 22. Oktober 1993 * |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2000045456A1 (en) * | 1999-01-27 | 2000-08-03 | Xcellsis Gmbh | Device for evaporating and/or overheating a hydrocarbon |
US6696188B1 (en) | 1999-01-27 | 2004-02-24 | Ballard Power Systems Ag | Device for evaporating and/or overheating a hydrocarbon in a fuel cell |
DE10301812B4 (en) * | 2003-01-20 | 2007-02-22 | Daimlerchrysler Ag | Method for operating a fuel cell system |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE19741331C2 (en) | 2002-04-04 |
WO1999016139A3 (en) | 1999-07-01 |
DE19741331A1 (en) | 1999-04-01 |
EP1019973A2 (en) | 2000-07-19 |
AU1432699A (en) | 1999-04-12 |
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