WO1999038348A1 - Wavelength-selective optical add/drop using tilting micro-mirrors - Google Patents
Wavelength-selective optical add/drop using tilting micro-mirrors Download PDFInfo
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- WO1999038348A1 WO1999038348A1 PCT/US1999/001620 US9901620W WO9938348A1 WO 1999038348 A1 WO1999038348 A1 WO 1999038348A1 US 9901620 W US9901620 W US 9901620W WO 9938348 A1 WO9938348 A1 WO 9938348A1
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
- G02B6/28—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals
- G02B6/293—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means
- G02B6/29304—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means operating by diffraction, e.g. grating
- G02B6/29305—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means operating by diffraction, e.g. grating as bulk element, i.e. free space arrangement external to a light guide
- G02B6/2931—Diffractive element operating in reflection
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
- H04J14/00—Optical multiplex systems
- H04J14/02—Wavelength-division multiplex systems
- H04J14/0201—Add-and-drop multiplexing
- H04J14/0202—Arrangements therefor
- H04J14/021—Reconfigurable arrangements, e.g. reconfigurable optical add/drop multiplexers [ROADM] or tunable optical add/drop multiplexers [TOADM]
- H04J14/0212—Reconfigurable arrangements, e.g. reconfigurable optical add/drop multiplexers [ROADM] or tunable optical add/drop multiplexers [TOADM] using optical switches or wavelength selective switches [WSS]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04Q—SELECTING
- H04Q11/00—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems
- H04Q11/0001—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems using optical switching
- H04Q11/0005—Switch and router aspects
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04Q—SELECTING
- H04Q11/00—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems
- H04Q11/0001—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems using optical switching
- H04Q11/0005—Switch and router aspects
- H04Q2011/0007—Construction
- H04Q2011/0022—Construction using fibre gratings
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04Q—SELECTING
- H04Q11/00—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems
- H04Q11/0001—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems using optical switching
- H04Q11/0005—Switch and router aspects
- H04Q2011/0007—Construction
- H04Q2011/0026—Construction using free space propagation (e.g. lenses, mirrors)
Definitions
- the invention relates generally to optical communication systems.
- the invention relates to an optical add drop.
- Communication systems are being increasingly implemented on silica optical fibers that favorably transmit in optical bands around 1300nm and 1550nm.
- an optical transmitter modulates a laser emitting in one of these two bands according to an electrical data signal.
- an optical detector converts the modulated optical signal to an electrical signal corresponding to the originally impressed data signal.
- the capacity of such fiber transmission systems is limited by the opto-electronics at the two ends. Systems having electronic data rates near 2.5Gb/s are entering service, and systems at lOGb/s are being developed. Further significant increases in electronic speed are not anticipated for the near future.
- the transmitting end includes multiple optical transmitters, each with its own laser, and the respective lasers have slightly different but well determined wavelengths.
- the separate optical carriers are modulated by respective data signals, and the multiple carriers are then combined (optically multiplexed) onto a single fiber.
- An optical demultiplexer separates the WDM signal into its wavelength-designated components. Separate detectors received the different components and provide separate electrical data signals. WDM systems are being fielded with four wavelengths, and even larger numbers of WDM channels may be feasible in the future.
- ADM add/drop multiplexer
- the add/drop multiplexer 10 has the capability to remove one or more of the multiplexed signals from the input fiber 12 and puts them on a drop line 16. Simultaneously, it puts replacement multiplexed signals from an add line 18 onto the output fiber 14.
- a wavelength-division add/drop multiplexer (WADM) is greatly desired for WDM communication networks having more than two nodes between which data is transmitted and, usually, selectively switched to other nodes according to wavelength. It is possible to include complete optical-to-electrical-to-optical conversion at the WADM, but the expense is great. It is instead desired to use an all-optical WADM in which one or more wavelengths are selectively dropped and added at the node without the need to convert the optical signals on the fiber to electrical form.
- Optical wavelength-selective ADMs have been fabricated by using available wavelength multiplexers and demultiplexers, such as conventional gratings or waveguide array gratings, to demultiplex all the wavelength channels onto individual fibers, using individual 2*2 switches on each single-wavelength fiber to configure it for pass through or add/drop, and then remultiplexing all the signals back onto a single fiber.
- available wavelength multiplexers and demultiplexers such as conventional gratings or waveguide array gratings
- Ford et al. has disclosed a WADM utilizing a linear array of micro electromechanical (MEM) mirrors in "Wavelength-selectable add/drop with tilting ' micromirrors," Postdeadline Papers, LEOS '97, IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society 1997 Annual Meeting, 10-13 November 1997, San Francisco, California, pp. PD2.3, 2.4.
- a simplified and modified view of the optics 19 of Ford et al. is shown in the schematic diagram of FIG. 2.
- Two ports P réelle P 2 provide generally parallel but separated optical paths 20, 22 incident upon a grating 24, which wavelength separates the beams 20, 22 into their respective wavelength components.
- a lens 25 focuses all the beams onto a micro-mirror array 26 comprising separately tiltable micro-mirrors 28,, 28,.
- the micro-mirrors 28 In the first position of the micro-mirrors 28 originated 28 2 , illustrated by the solid lines, they reflect light input from the first port P, directly back to the first port P,. That is, in these first positions, the mirrors are perpendicular to the beams 20 token 20 2 .
- the mirrors 28 In the second position, illustrated by dotted lines, the mirrors 28 administrat 28 2 reflect light received from the first port P, to the second port P 2 .
- the first mirror 28 is perpendicular to the bisector of the beams 20 abuse 22 apply and the second mirror 28 2 is perpendicular to the bisector of the beams 20 2 , 22 2 .
- the mirrors 28 formulate 28 2 also reflect light received from the second port P 2 to the first port P,.
- a tilting angle for the mirrors 28 of about 7° is sufficient.
- the figure shows neither the collimating lenses associated with the two ports P formulate P,, nor a quarter-wave plate disposed between the grating 24 and lens 25 to average out polarization effects of the grating 24. nor a folding mirror arranged in the beam for one of the ports.
- Ford et al. incorporate their optics 19 into a wavelength-division add/drop multiplexer illustrated schematically in FIG. 3.
- the input fiber 12, the output fiber 14 and a bi-directional optical transport path 30 are connected to a first optical circulator 31 such that optical signals received from the input fiber 12 are routed to the bi-directional transport path 30 and signals received from the bi-directional transport path are routed to the output fiber 14.
- the other end of the bi-directional transport path 30 is connected to the first port P, of the optics 19, and a bidirectional client path 32 is connected to the second port P, of the optics 19.
- the bi-directional client path 32, the optical add line 18 and the optical drop line 16 are connected to a second optical circulator 34 such that signals received from the add line 18 are routed to the bidirectional client path 32 and signals received from the bi-directional client path 32 are routed to the drop line 16.
- the micro-mirror 28 is set in its retroreflective first position, the multiplexed signal of that wavelength is routed from the input fiber 12 into the optics 19 through the first port P, and is reflected back out the same port P, to be thereafter routed to the output fiber 14.
- the micro-mirror 28 is set in its transreflective second position, the multiplexed signal of that wavelength is instead reflected in a different direction and exits the optics 19 on the second port P 2 , from where is it routed to the drop line 16.
- a signal received from the add line 18 is routed by the second circulator 34 to the second port P 2 of the optics 19 and is transreflected to the first port P,.
- the first circulator 31 then routes the added signal to the output fiber 14.
- An interesting characteristic of the WADM structure of Ford et al. is the inability of the micro-mirrors 28 to retroreflect a signal input from the ADD line 18 through the second port P, back to the drop line 16. In fact, this is not a problem for an ADM, since an ADM is not usually designed for a connection between the add and the drop lines.
- the Ford device cannot be used as a 2*2 interconnect between two transport paths. An interconnect does require transmission between the ports that Ford et al. label as the add and drop ports.
- FIGS. 4A and 4B illustrate the angular arrangements of the beam incident on or reflected from one of the micro-mirrors in the micro-mirror array 26.
- the beams are shown passing through a spherical surface 40 centered on the first micro-mirror 28, and located between the micro-mirror array 26 and the lens 25.
- each beam 20, 22 represents an angular range of a conically shaped beam.
- Figures 4A and 4B show the angular relationship between the beams 20, 22 and a normal 42 (represented by a cross) of the tilting mirror 28.
- the mirror normal 42 In the first mirror position of FIG. 4A, the mirror normal 42 is coincident with the beam 20 from the first port P, to thereby reflect radiation received from that port directly back to that port. Whatever radiation the mirror 28 receives from the second beam 22 from the second port P 2 is reflected to a spurious beam 44, marked by a dashed circle, which is lost from the system. This spurious reflection may be described as resulting from the mirror normal 42 acting as a symmetry direction for reflections of the beam 22.
- the mirror normal 42 falls between the two beams 20, 22.
- the normal is coincident with the bisector of the angle between the two beams 20, 22.
- the light that the mirror 28 receives from the first beam 20 through the first port P is reflected along the second beam 22 to the second port P 2 .
- the light that the mirror 28 receives from the second beam 22 through the second port P 2 is reflected along the first beam 20 to the first port P,. Both these reflections can be described in terms of the mirror normal 42 being a mirror point.
- the combination of movable mirrors and a grating as shown by Ford et al. has many desirable characteristics and is able to independently add and drop at the ADM any of a number of wavelengths on the transport fiber.
- a further problem shared by Ford et al. with many types of optical add/drop circuits is that the add and drop lines as well as the input and output lines are wavelength-division multiplexed.
- a WADM represents a demarcation point between a multi- wavelength optical network for transport and an electronic network or digital switch for a client interface.
- a WADM having a multi-wavelength add and drop lines requires additional optical multiplexing and demultiplexing on the side of the client interface.
- the losses associated with the splitters and combiners begin to significantly impact the system. Equipping the detectors of the receiver with wavelength filters adds to its cost and results in an inflexibility in wavelength assignment.
- the invention may be summarized as an add/drop optical circuit in which four beam paths arranged in a two-dimensional array are incident upon a tiltable mirror. In one position of the mirror, two of the beams on one side of the array are reflectively coupled. In the other position of the mirrors, respective pairs of beams at opposed diagonal corners of the array are reflectively coupled.
- the invention may be extended to a multiple-wavelength signal using a grating to complementarily disperse and combine the wavelength components.
- the add/drop optical circuit is particularly useful in a wavelength-division multiplexed (WDM) fiber communications network for add/dropping of one or more wavelength channels at a node.
- WDM wavelength-division multiplexed
- the invention can be further extended to a dual ADM proving synchronous switching of at least two sets of four beam paths, as is particularly useful for two-ring WDM networks in which a working and a protection fiber are synchronously switched at a network node.
- Yet another extension of the invention includes an array of tiltable mirrors having three or more positions such that the input and output beams can be routed to one of multiple pairs of add and drop beams.
- the spurious coupling between multiple add and drop lines can be avoided by arranging the beams in a more irregular array.
- FIG. 1 is schematic illustration of the functions of an add/drop multiplexer.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of the optics of a prior-art wavelength-division add/drop multiplexer (WADM).
- WADM wavelength-division add/drop multiplexer
- FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of the WADM of FIG. 2.
- FIGS. 4A and 4B are schematic illustrations of the relationship between the mirror angle and the beams in the WADM of FIG. 3.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic isometric representation of the wavelength-division add/drop multiplexer.
- FIGS. 6A and 6B are schematic illustrations of the angular relationships between the four beams of the WADM of FIG. 5 and one of the micro-mirrors in its two tilting positions.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic illustration of the angular relations between the four beams and the micro-mirror in a generalized arrangement of the beams.
- FIGS. 8 A and 8B are schematic illustrations of the angular relationships between the eight beams of a dual WADM and one of the micro-mirrors in its two tilting positions.
- FIG. 9 is a schematic representation of the three positions of tiltable mirror providing the ability to selectively couple input and output beams to more than one set of add and drop lines.
- FIGS. 10 A, 10B, and IOC show the angular arrangements of the beams and mirror normal for the embodiment of FIG. 9.
- FIG. 11 shows the extension of the embodiment of FIGS. 9 and 10A through 10B to separated input and output beams and separated add and drop beams.
- FIG. 12 illustrates the arrangement of beams and mirror normals for a large number of add and drop beams.
- FIG. 13 illustrates an improvement on the arrangement of FIG. 13 that eliminates spurious coupling between add and drop beams.
- the wavelength-division add/drop multiplexer (WADM) of Ford et al. uses two bidirectional beam paths with respective ports to from its optics section. Necessarily, the two beam paths are arranged in a linear array.
- the four beams in this arrangement are the input beam 50, the output beam 52, the add beam 54, and the drop beam 56, the input and add beams 50, 54 propagating oppositely from the output and drop beams 52, 56.
- the four beams are incident on the diffraction grating 24, which wavelength separates the beams into the same wavelength-dispersed pattern.
- the diffraction grating diffractively separates the incident beams 50, 54 into their wavelength component, and it also diffractively combines the respective wavelength components into the exiting beams 52, 56.
- the four beams 50, 52, 54, 56 will be similarly explained as though they were propagating in a single direction.
- the illustration of FIG. 5 does not show the lenses at the exterior ends of the four beams which substantially collimate those beams so that resolution of the diffraction grating is increased.
- the grating 24 diffracts each of the four beams 50, 52, 54, 56 into their respective wavelength components towards the lens 25, which focuses the different wavelength components towards the respective micro-mirrors 28,, 28 2 .
- Only two micro-mirrors 28 are illustrated here.
- N micro-mirrors 28 are required.
- the micro-mirror 28 for each wavelength has two positions.
- the technology for fabricating such mirrors is disclosed by: (1) Lornbeck in "Deformable-mirror spatial-light modulators," Proceedings of the SPIE, vol. 1150, August 1989, pp. 86-102; (2) Boysel et al.
- the micro-mirror 28 In the first position, the micro-mirror 28 reflects the light it receives from the input beam 50 to the output beam 52. In the second position, the micro-mirror 28 reflects the light it receives from the input beam 50 to the drop beam 56 and reflects the light it receives from the add beam 54 to the output beam 52.
- the wavelength-components of any beam reflected from the mirrors 28,, 28, are collimated by the lens 25, and the diffraction grating 24 recombines them into the output beam 52 and drop beam 56.
- the beams 50, 52, 54, 56 directly correspond to the four ports of the desired wavelength-division add/drop multiplexer. No circulators are required.
- FIGS. 6A and 6B The angular distributions of the beams at the micro-mirror 28 are illustrated by FIGS. 6A and 6B. In the first position illustrated in FIG. 6A, the mirror normal 42 is directed midway between the input and output beams 50, 52. That is, the mirror normal 42 is coincident with the bisector of the angle between the input and output beams 50, 52.
- the input beam 50 is reflected to the output beam 52.
- the add beam 54 is reflected to a spurious drop beam 60, and the drop beam is reflected to a spurious add beam 62.
- these spurious beams 60, 62 are only a nuisance to be absorbed if necessary.
- the mirror normal 42 is located midway between the output beam 52 and the add beam 54 and also midway between the input beam 50 and the drop beam 56, thereby reflecting the input beam 50 to the drop beam and reflecting the add beam 54 to the output beam 52.
- the beams illustrated in FIGS. 6A and 6B have been arranged in a square configuration.
- the beams 50, 52, 54, 56 may be arranged in a parallelepiped arrangement illustrated in FIG. 7.
- a parallelepiped is a quadrilateral figure having two pair of opposed sides. Within a pair, the opposed sides are parallel and of equal length, but there is no additional restriction between the pairs.
- the input and drop beams have to be on the opposed corners of the parallelepiped, and the add and output beams have to be on the other opposed comers.
- the first position 42 is located between the input and output beams 50, 52, and the second position 42, is located at the midpoint between input and drop beams 50, 56, which is also the midpoint between the add and output beams 54, 52.
- a dual add/drop is the most immediately useful and is applicable to dual-ring communication networks.
- two fibers run in parallel around a ring, and signals propagate in anti-parallel directions on the two ring.
- the first fiber serves as a protection fiber for the primary working fiber. Even if both fibers are cut at the same point in the ring, traffic can be rerouted to all nodes on the ring.
- the dual add/drop includes a similar adding and dropping function synchronously performed on both fibers.
- the beams for the first ring fiber will be labeled by 50-1, 52-1, 54-1, 56-1 in correspondence to the labeling of FIGS. 5 through 7; those for the second ring fiber, by 50-2, 52-2, 54-2, 56-2.
- the beams external to the dual add drop are arranged in a 2x8 array with the beams for the second fiber arranged outside those for the first ring fiber with all the input and output beams arranged along one long side of the array and all the add and drop beams arranged along the other long side. All eight beams use the same grating 24, lens 25, and micro-mirror array 26, as in FIG. 5.
- the angular distributions of the beams at a micro-mirror for a dual add/drop are illustrated in FIGS.
- the positions of the mirror normal 42 with respect to the beams 50-1, 52-1, 54-1, 56-1 of the first ring fiber are the same as for the system of FIGS. 5, 6A, and 6B, whether in the first or the second position of the mirror.
- the mirror 28 In the first position of FIG. 7 A, the mirror 28 reflects the first input beam 50-1 to the first output beam 52-2 and simultaneously reflects the second input beam 50-2 to the second output beam 52-2.
- the mirror In the second position of FIG. 7B, the mirror reflects the first add beam 54-1 to the first output beam 52-1 and reflects the first input beam 50-1 to the first drop beam 56-1.
- the arrangement of the beams may vary somewhat between the first and second ring fiber.
- the replication of beams can be extended to further ring fibers or the like, but the optics become increasingly difficult.
- a first embodiment of a multi-add/drop ADM illustrated in FIG. 9 follows the apparatus of Ford et al., which is illustrated in FIGS. 2 and 3.
- the input/output beam 20, after collimation by the lens 25 and wavelength dispersion by the grating 24 is associated with the first port P, of the switching optics 19 while the two add/drop beams 22-1, 22-2 are respectively associated with two second ports P,. formulate P 2 . 2 , each having its own circulator 34 and input and output lines 16, 18.
- the micro-mirror 28 has three possible positions. In a first position 70, its normal is coincident with the input output beam 20 so as to retroreflect the input to the output. In a second position 72, its normal is coincident with the angular bisector of the input/output beam 20 and the first add/drop beam 22-1 so as to transreflect signals between those two beams. In a third position 74, its normal is coincident with the angular bisector of the input/output beam 20 and the second add/drop beam 22-2 so as to transreflect signals between these two beams.
- FIGS. 10A, 10B, and IOC The angular relationships between the beams in the various positions are illustrated in FIGS. 10A, 10B, and IOC.
- the first mirror position 70 illustrated in FIG. 10A the mirror normal 42 is incident with the input/output beam 20 so as to retroreflect any light. In this position, however, the two drop/add beams 22-1, 22-2 are reflectively coupled. This is generally not a desired coupling, and the management of the add/drop network element should be designed to prevent either the transmission or reception of such coupled signals.
- the mirror normal 42 is directed midway between the input/output beam 20 and the first add drop beam 22-1 so as to reflectively couple them.
- the input beam is coupled to the first drop beam
- the first add beam is coupled to the output beam.
- This configuration also couples the second add/drop beam 22-2 to an undesired spurious beam 44, which may require special absorption of the spurious beam 44.
- the mirror normal 42 is directed to between the input/output beam 20 and the second add/drop beam 22-2 to thereby reflectively coupled those two beams 20, 22-2.
- the first add/drop beam 22-1 is reflectively coupled to a spurious beam 44.
- the mirror normal 44 may have three positions, the first position between the input and output beams 50, 52, the second position at the central bisector of the input and output beams 50, 52 and the first add and drop beams 54-1, 56-1, and the third position at the central bisector of the input and output beams 50, 52 and the second add and drop beams 54-2, 56-2. These six beams are optically coupled to six fibers or other optical paths at the exterior of the WADM.
- FIGS. 9, 10A-10C, and 11 can be extended to yet more positions of the tiltable mirrors and more than two sets of add/drop lines.
- a beam configuration for a multiple add/drop for an ADM is illustrated in FIG. 12.
- the add and drop beams 50, 52 are arranged in a 2 7 regular rectangular array with first through sixth add beams 54-1 through 54-6 and first through six drop beams 56-1 through 56-6.
- the tiltable mirror 28 can assume any of seven positions indicated by the mirror normals 42 illustrated in the figure. In the first position, with the mirror normal between the input and output beams 50, 52, those two beams are reflectively coupled.
- the input beam 50 is reflectively coupled to a selected one of the six drop beams 56-1 through 56-6 while the output beam 52 is reflectively coupled to a corresponding one of the six add beams 54-1 through 54-6.
- the position of the input and output beams 50, 52 within the 2x7 array is fairly arbitrary as long as they are vertically paired.
- FIGS. 10 A, 11, and 12 produce undesirable coupling between different ones of the drop and add lines.
- the coupling can be avoided through a systems approach of inactivating the so coupled lines, another solution rests on the fact that the undesired couplings arise from the regular arrangement of all the beams.
- FIG. 13 One example of the angular beam arrangement for six add and drop beams which are not extraneously coupled is illustrated in FIG. 13.
- the six add beams 54-1 through 54-6 and the six drop beams 56-1 through 56-6 are arranged in a regular rectangular 2 ⁇ 6 array with the vertical spacings being at least two beam widths at the diffraction grating and at the parallel beams external to the WDM.
- the add and drop beams 50, 52 are positioned with respect to this add/drop array but are spaced from them by a vertical spacing other than an even multiple of add/drop vertical spacing.
- a vertical spacing other than an even multiple of add/drop vertical spacing.
- the input and output beams be vertically located at a height of 0
- the first drop and add beams 54-1, 56-2 be located at a height of 3
- the vertical add/drop spacings be 2, all the distances being in arbitrary or normalized units.
- the micro-mirror can assume any of seven positions. In the first position, the mirror normal 42 falls at a height of 0 between the input and output beams 50, 52 and reflectively couple them. In the second position, the mirror normal 42 falls at a height of 114 so that the mirror 28 couples the input beam to the first drop beam 56-1 and couples the output beam 52 to the first add beam 54-1. The remaining positions of the mirror normal 42 fall at 214, 314, 414, and 514. In no case is an add beam 54 reflectively coupled to a drop beam 56. Spurious beams 44 do fall within the area of the array, as indicated by dotted circles, but the spurious beams 44 are located between the add and drop beams 54, 56.
- wavelength dispersive media such as a transmissive diffraction grating or a hologram that additionally includes focusing functions.
- the invention thus provides an compact and economical optical add/drop circuitry, and one providing flexibility in its design.
Abstract
Description
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Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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EP99904289A EP1051876A1 (en) | 1998-01-27 | 1999-01-27 | Wavelength-selective optical add/drop using tilting micro-mirrors |
CA002318080A CA2318080C (en) | 1998-01-27 | 1999-01-27 | Wavelength-selective optical add/drop using tilting micro-mirrors |
AU24717/99A AU2471799A (en) | 1998-01-27 | 1999-01-27 | Wavelength-selective optical add/drop using tilting micro-mirrors |
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US09/013,842 | 1998-01-27 | ||
US09/013,842 US5960133A (en) | 1998-01-27 | 1998-01-27 | Wavelength-selective optical add/drop using tilting micro-mirrors |
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WO1999038348A1 true WO1999038348A1 (en) | 1999-07-29 |
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US (1) | US5960133A (en) |
EP (1) | EP1051876A1 (en) |
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CA (1) | CA2318080C (en) |
WO (1) | WO1999038348A1 (en) |
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US6342960B1 (en) | 1998-12-18 | 2002-01-29 | The Boeing Company | Wavelength division multiplex transmitter |
WO2000038364A1 (en) * | 1998-12-18 | 2000-06-29 | The Boeing Company | Wavelength division multiplex transmitter |
US6389188B1 (en) | 1999-02-23 | 2002-05-14 | Optical Coating Laboratory, Inc. | Hybrid wavelength selective optical router and switch |
WO2001011419A3 (en) * | 1999-08-11 | 2001-09-13 | Lightconnect Inc | Dynamic spectral shaping in optical fibre communication |
WO2001011419A2 (en) * | 1999-08-11 | 2001-02-15 | Lightconnect, Inc. | Dynamic spectral shaping in optical fibre communication |
US6501600B1 (en) | 1999-08-11 | 2002-12-31 | Lightconnect, Inc. | Polarization independent grating modulator |
US6826330B1 (en) | 1999-08-11 | 2004-11-30 | Lightconnect, Inc. | Dynamic spectral shaping for fiber-optic application |
US6792210B1 (en) | 1999-08-23 | 2004-09-14 | Optical Coating Laboratory, Inc. | Hybrid optical add/drop multiplexing devices |
US6535311B1 (en) | 1999-12-09 | 2003-03-18 | Corning Incorporated | Wavelength selective cross-connect switch using a MEMS shutter array |
EP1126294A2 (en) * | 2000-02-17 | 2001-08-22 | JDS Uniphase Inc. | Optical configuration for a dynamic gain equalizer and a configurable add/drop multiplexer |
US6859573B2 (en) | 2000-02-17 | 2005-02-22 | Jds Uniphase Inc. | Double pass arrangement for a liquid crystal device |
EP1126294A3 (en) * | 2000-02-17 | 2003-03-12 | JDS Uniphase Inc. | Optical configuration for a dynamic gain equalizer and a configurable add/drop multiplexer |
US6810169B2 (en) | 2000-02-17 | 2004-10-26 | Jds Uniphase Inc. | Wavelength switch with independent channel equalization |
EP1203972A2 (en) * | 2000-10-27 | 2002-05-08 | Carl Zeiss | Cross coupler for optical communication |
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US6647164B1 (en) | 2000-10-31 | 2003-11-11 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Gimbaled micro-mirror positionable by thermal actuators |
WO2002071671A3 (en) * | 2001-01-22 | 2003-08-14 | Essex Corp | Wavelength division multiplexing add-drop multiplexer using an optical tapped delay line |
WO2002071671A2 (en) * | 2001-01-22 | 2002-09-12 | Essex Corporation | Wavelength division multiplexing add-drop multiplexer using an optical tapped delay line |
US7062174B2 (en) | 2001-01-22 | 2006-06-13 | Essex Corporation | Wavelength division multiplexing add-drop multiplexer using an optical tapped delay line |
US6711318B2 (en) | 2001-01-29 | 2004-03-23 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Optical switch based on rotating vertical micro-mirror |
EP1421421A1 (en) * | 2001-07-20 | 2004-05-26 | Essex Corporation | Method and apparatus for optical signal processing using an optical tapped delay line |
EP1421421A4 (en) * | 2001-07-20 | 2005-10-05 | Essex Corp | Method and apparatus for optical signal processing using an optical tapped delay line |
US7509048B2 (en) | 2001-07-20 | 2009-03-24 | Essex Corporation | Method and apparatus for optical signal processing using an optical tapped delay line |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU2471799A (en) | 1999-08-09 |
US5960133A (en) | 1999-09-28 |
EP1051876A1 (en) | 2000-11-15 |
CA2318080C (en) | 2003-08-12 |
CA2318080A1 (en) | 1999-07-29 |
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