WO1999042061A1 - Method for guiding external air from the outside through a window in a forced ventilated space and window for the same - Google Patents

Method for guiding external air from the outside through a window in a forced ventilated space and window for the same Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1999042061A1
WO1999042061A1 PCT/EP1999/000947 EP9900947W WO9942061A1 WO 1999042061 A1 WO1999042061 A1 WO 1999042061A1 EP 9900947 W EP9900947 W EP 9900947W WO 9942061 A1 WO9942061 A1 WO 9942061A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
membrane
joint prosthesis
prosthesis according
joint
window
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Application number
PCT/EP1999/000947
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Frieder W. Krehl
Original Assignee
Krehl Frieder W
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Krehl Frieder W filed Critical Krehl Frieder W
Priority to DE29916589U priority Critical patent/DE29916589U1/en
Publication of WO1999042061A1 publication Critical patent/WO1999042061A1/en

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30—Joints
    • A61F2/38—Joints for elbows or knees
    • A61F2/389—Tibial components
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30—Joints
    • A61F2002/30001—Additional features of subject-matter classified in A61F2/28, A61F2/30 and subgroups thereof
    • A61F2002/30316—The prosthesis having different structural features at different locations within the same prosthesis; Connections between prosthetic parts; Special structural features of bone or joint prostheses not otherwise provided for
    • A61F2002/30535—Special structural features of bone or joint prostheses not otherwise provided for
    • A61F2002/30581—Special structural features of bone or joint prostheses not otherwise provided for having a pocket filled with fluid, e.g. liquid

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a joint prosthesis, in particular a knee joint prosthesis, having an acetabular cup which has a bearing surface which corresponds to the head part of the joint.
  • knee prostheses As described above, the invention is equally suitable for other joints, in particular hip joints.
  • the bearing surface arranged on an inlay is made of plastic, while the head part of the joint that rolls on it is usually made of stainless steel.
  • the bearing surface of the inlay is exposed to strong abrasion over the course of time, which is itself undesirable and which, moreover, leads to malfunctions and damage due to its storage in the tissue surrounding the joint.
  • CONFIRMATION COPY radius decreases from front to back.
  • the radius of the concavity of the bearing surface is usually larger than the radius of the convexity of the joint head part, which is variable depending on the bending position, in order to achieve rolling.
  • the transfer of these different curvatures to individual support bodies is problematic, especially since the support bodies can only ever offer small, locally limited support surfaces.
  • the present invention is based on the object of further reducing the abrasion of joint prostheses, in particular specifying a construction for the inlay which is characterized by low wear and a long service life.
  • bearing surface is at least partially flexible and is formed by at least one membrane.
  • the joint according to the invention is therefore subject to much less wear than before, it achieves a longer service life and at least eliminates or reduces the problem of abrasion.
  • the membrane-like bearing surface In order for the membrane-like bearing surface to have the desired flexibility, it is recommended that it is mainly held by a frame only at its edge, for example in such a way that it sags freely downward apart from its edge area. It can be a separate frame or a frame connected in one piece to the membrane - for example in the form of a membrane box. In theory, depending on the design of the membrane, it is within the scope of the invention that it is attached to its frame from below without support. However, it is particularly advantageous if it at least partially rests on one or more flexible cushions. These pads can be made of plastic, such as elastomer. Instead, however, the pads can also be filled with liquid, gel or the like. In the latter case, of course, they must have a tight cover, the membrane being able to rest directly on the liquid or other cushion.
  • the membrane as a can, the interior of the can then being filled with an elastic material or with liquid, gel or the like.
  • the person skilled in the art has various options with regard to the constructive design of the membrane. It is particularly expedient if it has a multiplicity of supporting bodies on its side facing the head part, these supporting bodies advantageously being arranged closely adjacent to one another and gaps between them being chosen only as large as is necessary for the mobility of the membrane.
  • the support bodies can have largely parallel or concentric top and bottom sides, since they adapt automatically to the curvature of the head part due to the flexibility of the membrane.
  • Plastic can be used as the material for the support bodies, since there is hardly any risk of abrasion due to the reduced Hertzian pressure. However, it should be even cheaper if the support bodies are made from a metal alloy suitable for implants.
  • the flexible membrane directly supports the head part of the joint. 4
  • the inlay In the preferred application as a knee joint prosthesis, it is advisable to equip the inlay with two membranes arranged next to one another, a narrow strip of the frame running between the membranes, which forms the so-called middle degree between the inner and outer joint surface.
  • Figure 1 is a plan view of the inlay of a knee prosthesis
  • Figure 2 is an enlarged section on the line A-A in Figure 1;
  • Figure 3 shows a section similar to Figure 2, but with an alternative
  • the figures each show only the inlay, which is in a carrier, not shown, which in turn is anchored in the bone by means of mandrels or screws, in the case of a knee joint prosthesis in the tibia.
  • the inlay you have to imagine a joint head part that is connected to the female bone. However, it is not impossible to anchor the inlay directly in the bone - without an additional support.
  • the inlay consists of a frame 1 which runs around the bottom and the sides of the inlay and connects the long sides approximately in the middle via a bridge 1a.
  • the frame has a tub-like shape with a bridge.
  • bearing surface F of the inlay that is to say the surface which bears the head part of the joint, not shown.
  • This bearing surface is formed by two thin-walled flexible membranes 3 arranged on both sides of the bridge 1 a, which have a multiplicity of support bodies 2 on their upper side. These support bodies are closely adjacent to one another arranged and slightly conical upwards so that they do not block the mobility of the membrane 3. The support bodies are formed almost flat on their upper side, so that a continuous bearing surface is created which is only interrupted by the gaps between adjacent support bodies 2.
  • the membranes 3 are not suspended on their edges in the frame 1, but rather each have the shape of a closed box which fits snugly in the frame.
  • the interior of the can-shaped membrane 3 there is at least one pillow, which consists of a fluid 4, for example a gel, and a tight cover 5.
  • the membranes can consist of a metal or plastic film.
  • the membranes 3 - at least perforated in their upper load-bearing area that is to say as perforated material, mesh or net.
  • perforated material that is to say as perforated material, mesh or net.
  • Such a perforated membrane is characterized by a particularly high degree of flexibility.
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 show inlays with a different membrane design - in each case without the frame 1.
  • a membrane 3 with an approximately sinusoidal profile 3a can be seen.
  • the wave crests and wave troughs can run either approximately in a straight line or in a ring shape approximately concentrically to one another.
  • These constructions can also be used without a frame 1 if the wall of the floor and the side wall are suitable.
  • support bodies 2 In order to offer the head part of the joint a sufficiently large bearing surface in the case of membranes profiled in this way, it is advisable to mount flat support bodies 2 on the wave crests.
  • These support bodies can either which, as in FIG. 1, has an approximately rectangular shape or, in the case of straight wave crests, has the shape of elongated strips. They are similarly close to one another as the support bodies in FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • the membrane 3 is in the form of a membrane box, so it is equipped with relatively rigid side walls and a bottom wall. Their interior is either hollow or filled with a support medium.
  • FIG. 4 shows a membrane that does not require a support body. It only has a few beads 3b, which are relatively narrow and spaced apart to such an extent that the remaining membrane surface provides a sufficiently large support surface for the joint head part.
  • the beads 3a can run longitudinally and / or transversely and / or in the form of approximately concentric rings.
  • the membrane is in turn formed by closed side and bottom parts as a closed box.
  • its interior is filled with a soft, elastic plastic.
  • the inlay according to the invention is characterized in that its support surface is not rigid, but flexible, so that it can optimally adapt to the changing curvature depending on the joint position. Due to the enlarged bearing surface, high point loads are avoided and the abrasion and cold flow that have occurred so far are significantly reduced. When using a cushion filled with liquid or gel, it is also ensured that the volume of this cushion does not change, that is, the joint does not become unstable.

Abstract

The invention relates to a joint prosthesis with a glenoid cavity consisting of a support and an inlay arranged thereon, wherein the inlay has a support surface that matches the head part of the joint. Said support surface is at least partially flexible and is formed by a membrane.

Description

GelenkprotheseJoint prosthesis
B e s c h r e i b u n gDescription
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Gelenkprothese, insbesondere Kniegelenkprothese, mit einer Gelenkpfanne, die eine mit dem Kopfteil des Gelenkes korrespondierende Lagerfläche aufweist.The invention relates to a joint prosthesis, in particular a knee joint prosthesis, having an acetabular cup which has a bearing surface which corresponds to the head part of the joint.
Die folgende Beschreibung nimmt auf Kniegelenkprothesen Bezug; die Erfindung ist jedoch gleichermaßen auch für andere Gelenke, insbesondere Hüftgelenke geeignet.The following description refers to knee prostheses; however, the invention is equally suitable for other joints, in particular hip joints.
Bei den meisten Kniegelenkprothesen besteht die auf einem Inlay angeordnete Lagerfläche aus Kunststoff, während das auf ihr abwälzende Kopfteil des Gelenkes meist aus Edelstahl hergestellt wird. Bei diesen Prothesen ist die Lagerfläche des Inlays im Lauf der Zeit einem starken Abrieb ausgesetzt, der ansich schon unerwünscht ist und der darüber hinaus durch seine Einlagerung in dem das Gelenk umgebenden Gewebe zu Störungen und Schädigungen führt.In most knee prostheses, the bearing surface arranged on an inlay is made of plastic, while the head part of the joint that rolls on it is usually made of stainless steel. In the case of these prostheses, the bearing surface of the inlay is exposed to strong abrasion over the course of time, which is itself undesirable and which, moreover, leads to malfunctions and damage due to its storage in the tissue surrounding the joint.
Zur Abhilfe ist es durch die EP-A 497 079 bekannt geworden, das Inlay mit mehreren metallischen Stützkörpern zu bestücken, deren in der Lagerfläche liegenden Stützflächen entsprechend der natürlichen Pfannenform gekrümmt sind. Diese Stützkörper sind auf Grund ihres widerstandsfähigeren metallischen Werkstoffes kaum noch einem Abrieb ausgesetzt. Sie können jedoch nur lokal als Auflager wirken und nicht die gesamte Lagerfläche ersetzen.As a remedy, it has become known from EP-A 497 079 to equip the inlay with a plurality of metallic support bodies, the support surfaces of which are curved in the bearing surface in accordance with the natural shape of the pan. These support bodies are hardly exposed to abrasion due to their more resistant metallic material. However, they can only act locally as supports and cannot replace the entire storage area.
Hinzu kommt insbesondere bei Kniegelenken das Problem, dass die Lagerfläche keine gleichbleibende Krümmung hat, sondern der Krümmungs-In addition, especially with knee joints, there is the problem that the bearing surface does not have a constant curvature, but the
BESTÄTieüNGSKÜPIE radius von vorn nach hinten abnimmt. Dabei ist der Radius der Konkavität der Lagerfläche meist größer als der Radius der je nach Beugestellung variablen Konvexität des Gelenk-Kopfteiles, um ein Abrollen zu erreichen. Die Übertragung dieser unterschiedlichen Krümmungen auf einzelne Stützkörper ist problematisch, zumal die Stützkörper immer nur kleine, lokal begrenzte Stützflächen anbieten können.CONFIRMATION COPY radius decreases from front to back. The radius of the concavity of the bearing surface is usually larger than the radius of the convexity of the joint head part, which is variable depending on the bending position, in order to achieve rolling. The transfer of these different curvatures to individual support bodies is problematic, especially since the support bodies can only ever offer small, locally limited support surfaces.
Hiervon ausgehend liegt der vorliegenden Erfindung die Aufgabe zu Grunde, den Abrieb von Gelenkprothesen weiter zu verringern, insbesondere eine Konstruktion für das Inlay anzugeben, die sich durch geringen Verschleiß und hohe Lebensdauer auszeichnet.Proceeding from this, the present invention is based on the object of further reducing the abrasion of joint prostheses, in particular specifying a construction for the inlay which is characterized by low wear and a long service life.
Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, dass die Lagerfläche zumindest teilweise flexibel ist und durch zumindest eine Membran gebildet wird.This object is achieved in that the bearing surface is at least partially flexible and is formed by at least one membrane.
Durch die flexible Lagerfläche ist sie nicht mehr einem starren Radius zugeordnet, sondern kann sich optimal an die Krümmung des Gelenk- Kopfteiles anpassen. Dies gilt auch dann, wenn sich wegen einer anderen Gelenkstellung die Krümmungsverhältnisse ändern. Die Auflagefläche zwischen beiden Gelenkteilen wird also drastisch vergrößert mit dem Ergebnis, dass die vom Gelenk zu übertragenden Kräfte pro Flächeneinheit deutlich reduziert und punktuelle Spitzenbelastungen völlig ausgeschlossen werden. Das erfindungsgemäße Gelenk unterliegt somit einem wesentlich geringeren Verschleiß als bisher, es erzielt eine höhere Lebensdauer und beseitigt oder verringert zumindest das Problem des Abriebes.Due to the flexible bearing surface, it is no longer assigned to a rigid radius, but can adapt optimally to the curvature of the joint head part. This also applies if the curvature changes due to a different joint position. The contact surface between the two joint parts is thus increased drastically, with the result that the forces to be transmitted from the joint per unit area are significantly reduced and selective peak loads are completely eliminated. The joint according to the invention is therefore subject to much less wear than before, it achieves a longer service life and at least eliminates or reduces the problem of abrasion.
Damit die membranartige Lagerfläche die erwünschte Flexibilität aufweist, empfiehlt es sich, dass sie überwiegend nur an ihrem Rand von einem Rahmen gehalten wird, etwa derart, dass sie abgesehen von ihrem Rand- bereich frei nach unten durchhängt. Es kann sich dabei um einen separaten Rahmen oder um einen mit der Membran einstückig verbundenen Rahmen - etwa in Form einer Membrandose - handeln. Theoretisch liegt es je nach Ausbildung der Membran im Rahmen der Erfindung, dass sie ohne Unterstützung von unten an ihrem Rahmen befestigt ist. Besonders vorteilhaft ist es aber, wenn sie zumindest teilweise auf einem oder mehreren nachgiebigen Polstern aufliegt. Diese Polster können aus Kunststoff, etwa Elastomer bestehen. Statt dessen kann es sich aber auch um mit Flüssigkeit, Gel oder dergleichen gefüllte Polster handeln. Im letztgenannten Fall müssen sie natürlich eine dichte Hülle aufweisen, wobei die Membran durchaus direkt auf dem Flüssigkeits- oder sonstigem Polster aufliegen kann.In order for the membrane-like bearing surface to have the desired flexibility, it is recommended that it is mainly held by a frame only at its edge, for example in such a way that it sags freely downward apart from its edge area. It can be a separate frame or a frame connected in one piece to the membrane - for example in the form of a membrane box. In theory, depending on the design of the membrane, it is within the scope of the invention that it is attached to its frame from below without support. However, it is particularly advantageous if it at least partially rests on one or more flexible cushions. These pads can be made of plastic, such as elastomer. Instead, however, the pads can also be filled with liquid, gel or the like. In the latter case, of course, they must have a tight cover, the membrane being able to rest directly on the liquid or other cushion.
Es liegt auch im Rahmen der Erfindung, die Membran als Dose auszubilden, wobei der Innenraum der Dose dann mit einem elastischem Material oder mit Flüssigkeit, Gel oder dergleichen gefüllt ist.It is also within the scope of the invention to design the membrane as a can, the interior of the can then being filled with an elastic material or with liquid, gel or the like.
Hinsichtlich der konstruktiven Ausbildung der Membran bieten sich dem Fachmann verschiedene Möglichkeiten. Besonders günstig ist es, wenn sie an ihrer dem Kopfteil zugewandten Seite eine Vielzahl von Stützkörpern aufweist, wobei diese Stützkörper zweckmäßig dicht benachbart nebeneinander angeordnet sind und Spalte dazwischen nur so groß gewählt werden, wie es zur Beweglichkeit der Membran notwendig ist. Die Stützkörper können weitgehend parallele oder konzentrische Ober- und Unterseiten aufweisen, da sie sich durch die Flexibilität der Membran automatisch an die Krümmung des Kopfteiles anpassen. Es liegt aber auch im Rahmen der Erfindung, die Stützkörper an ihrer Oberseite leicht konkav auszubilden.The person skilled in the art has various options with regard to the constructive design of the membrane. It is particularly expedient if it has a multiplicity of supporting bodies on its side facing the head part, these supporting bodies advantageously being arranged closely adjacent to one another and gaps between them being chosen only as large as is necessary for the mobility of the membrane. The support bodies can have largely parallel or concentric top and bottom sides, since they adapt automatically to the curvature of the head part due to the flexibility of the membrane. However, it is also within the scope of the invention to make the supporting bodies slightly concave on their upper side.
Als Material für die Stützkörper kann auf Kunststoff zurückgegriffen werden, da auf Grund der verringerten Hertz'schen Pressung kaum noch Abriebgefahr besteht. Noch günstiger dürfte es aber sein, wenn die Stützkörper aus einer für Implantate geeigneten Metall-Legierung hergestellt werden.Plastic can be used as the material for the support bodies, since there is hardly any risk of abrasion due to the reduced Hertzian pressure. However, it should be even cheaper if the support bodies are made from a metal alloy suitable for implants.
Selbstverständlich liegt es aber auch im Rahmen der Erfindung, daß die flexible Membran unmittelbar den Kopfteil des Gelenkes trägt. 4Of course, it is also within the scope of the invention that the flexible membrane directly supports the head part of the joint. 4
Im bevorzugten Anwendungsfall als Kniegelenkprothese empfiehlt es sich, das Inlay mit zwei nebeneinander angeordneten Membranen zu bestücken, wobei zwischen den Membranen ein schmaler Streifen des Rahmens verläuft, der den sogenannten Mittelgrad zwischen innerer und äußerer Gelenkfläche bildet.In the preferred application as a knee joint prosthesis, it is advisable to equip the inlay with two membranes arranged next to one another, a narrow strip of the frame running between the membranes, which forms the so-called middle degree between the inner and outer joint surface.
Weitere Merkmale und Vorteile der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung von Ausführungsbeispielen an Hand der Zeichnung; dabei zeigtFurther features and advantages of the invention result from the following description of exemplary embodiments with reference to the drawing; shows
Figur 1 eine Draufsicht auf das Inlay einer Kniegelenkprothese;Figure 1 is a plan view of the inlay of a knee prosthesis;
Figur 2 einen vergrößerten Schnitt längs der Linie A-A in Figur 1 ;Figure 2 is an enlarged section on the line A-A in Figure 1;
Figur 3 einen Schnitt ähnlich Figur 2, jedoch bei einer alternativenFigure 3 shows a section similar to Figure 2, but with an alternative
Ausbildung der Membran und Figur 4 einen Schnitt ähnlich Figur 3 bei einer weiteren Alternative.Formation of the membrane and Figure 4 shows a section similar to Figure 3 in a further alternative.
Die Figuren zeigen jeweils nur das Inlay, das in einem nicht dargestellten Träger steckt, der seinerseits über Dorne oder Schrauben im Knochen, im Falle einer Kniegelenkprothese also in der Tibia verankert ist. Oberhalb des Inlays hat man sich ein Gelenk-Kopfteil vorzustellen, das mit dem Fe- murknochen verbunden ist. Es ist aber nicht ausgeschlossen, das Inlay direkt - ohne zusätzlichen Träger - im Knochen zu verankern.The figures each show only the inlay, which is in a carrier, not shown, which in turn is anchored in the bone by means of mandrels or screws, in the case of a knee joint prosthesis in the tibia. Above the inlay you have to imagine a joint head part that is connected to the female bone. However, it is not impossible to anchor the inlay directly in the bone - without an additional support.
Das Inlay besteht aus einem Rahmen 1 , der unten und seitlich um das Inlay herumläuft und die Längsseiten etwa mittig über eine Brücke 1a verbindet. Grundsätzlich hat der Rahmen also eine wannenförmige Gestalt mit einer Brücke.The inlay consists of a frame 1 which runs around the bottom and the sides of the inlay and connects the long sides approximately in the middle via a bridge 1a. Basically, the frame has a tub-like shape with a bridge.
Wesentlich ist nun die Ausbildung der Lagerfläche F des Inlays, also derjenigen Fläche, die das nicht gezeigte Kopfteil des Gelenkes trägt. Diese Lagerfläche wird durch zwei beidseits der Brücke 1a angeordnete dünnwandige flexible Membranen 3 gebildet, die auf ihrer Oberseite eine Vielzahl von Stützkörpern 2 aufweisen. Diese Stützkörper sind eng benachbart zueinan- der angeordnet und nach oben geringfügig konisch ausgebildet, damit sie die Beweglichkeit der Membran 3 nicht blockieren. An ihrer Oberseite sind die Stützkörper nahezu plan ausgebildet, sodass eine durchgehende Lagerfläche entsteht, die nur durch die Spalte zwischen benachbarten Stützkörpern 2 unterbrochen wird.What is essential now is the formation of the bearing surface F of the inlay, that is to say the surface which bears the head part of the joint, not shown. This bearing surface is formed by two thin-walled flexible membranes 3 arranged on both sides of the bridge 1 a, which have a multiplicity of support bodies 2 on their upper side. These support bodies are closely adjacent to one another arranged and slightly conical upwards so that they do not block the mobility of the membrane 3. The support bodies are formed almost flat on their upper side, so that a continuous bearing surface is created which is only interrupted by the gaps between adjacent support bodies 2.
Selbstverständlich kann - insbesondere bei Hüftgelenken - auf die Brücke 1a verzichtet werden.Of course - especially in the case of hip joints - the bridge 1a can be dispensed with.
Im Ausführungsbeispiel sind die Membranen 3 an ihren Rändern nicht im Rahmen 1 aufgehängt, sondern sie haben jeweils die Form einer geschlossenen Dose, die passgenau in dem Rahmen sitzt. Im Inneren der dosen- förmig ausgebildeten Membran 3 befindet sich jeweils zumindest ein Kissen, das aus einem Fluid 4, etwa einem Gel, und einer dichten Hülle 5 besteht.In the exemplary embodiment, the membranes 3 are not suspended on their edges in the frame 1, but rather each have the shape of a closed box which fits snugly in the frame. In the interior of the can-shaped membrane 3 there is at least one pillow, which consists of a fluid 4, for example a gel, and a tight cover 5.
Die Membranen können aus einer Metall- oder Kunststoff-Folie bestehen.The membranes can consist of a metal or plastic film.
Statt dessen liegt es auch im Rahmen der Erfindung, die Membranen 3 - jedenfalls in ihrem oberen tragenden Bereich durchbrochen auszuführen, also als Lochmaterial, Gitter oder Netz. Eine solche durchbrochene Membran zeichnet sich durch eine besonders hohe Flexibilität aus.Instead, it is also within the scope of the invention to make the membranes 3 - at least perforated in their upper load-bearing area, that is to say as perforated material, mesh or net. Such a perforated membrane is characterized by a particularly high degree of flexibility.
Die Figuren 3 und 4 zeigen Inlays mit anderer Membranausbildung - jeweils ohne den Rahmen 1. So erkennt man in Figur 3 eine Membran 3 mit etwa sinusförmiger Profilierung 3a. Dabei können die Wellenberge und Wellentäler entweder etwa gradlinig oder ringförmig etwa konzentrisch zueinander verlaufen. Diese Konstruktionen können bei entsprechender Wandstärke von Boden und Seitenwand auch ohne Rahmen 1 verwendet werden.FIGS. 3 and 4 show inlays with a different membrane design - in each case without the frame 1. Thus, in FIG. 3, a membrane 3 with an approximately sinusoidal profile 3a can be seen. The wave crests and wave troughs can run either approximately in a straight line or in a ring shape approximately concentrically to one another. These constructions can also be used without a frame 1 if the wall of the floor and the side wall are suitable.
Um bei derart profilierten Membranen dem Kopfteil des Gelenkes eine genügend große Lagerfläche anzubieten, empfiehlt es sich, auf den Wellenbergen plane Stützkörper 2 anzubringen. Diese Stützkörper können entwe- der wie in Figur 1 etwa rechteckig ausgebildet sein oder im Falle geradliniger Wellenberge die Form länglicher Streifen haben. Sie liegen ähnlich eng nebeneinander wie die Stützkörper in Figur 1 und 2.In order to offer the head part of the joint a sufficiently large bearing surface in the case of membranes profiled in this way, it is advisable to mount flat support bodies 2 on the wave crests. These support bodies can either which, as in FIG. 1, has an approximately rectangular shape or, in the case of straight wave crests, has the shape of elongated strips. They are similarly close to one another as the support bodies in FIGS. 1 and 2.
Die Membran 3 liegt im übrigen in Form einer Membrandose vor, ist also mit relativ starren Seitenwänden und einer Bodenwand bestückt. Ihr Innenraum ist entweder hohl oder mit einem Stützmedium gefüllt.The membrane 3 is in the form of a membrane box, so it is equipped with relatively rigid side walls and a bottom wall. Their interior is either hollow or filled with a support medium.
Figur 4 zeigt demgegenüber eine Membran, die ohne Stützkörper auskommt. Sie weist lediglich einige Sicken 3b auf, die relativ schmal und soweit voneinander beabstandet sind, daß die verbleibende Membranfläche eine genügend große Auflagerfläche für das Gelenk-Kopfteil zur Verfügung stellt. Die Sicken 3a können längs und/oder quer und/oder in Form etwa konzentrischer Ringe verlaufen.In contrast, FIG. 4 shows a membrane that does not require a support body. It only has a few beads 3b, which are relatively narrow and spaced apart to such an extent that the remaining membrane surface provides a sufficiently large support surface for the joint head part. The beads 3a can run longitudinally and / or transversely and / or in the form of approximately concentric rings.
Die Membran ist wiederum durch angeschlossene Seiten- und Bodenteile als geschlossene Dose ausgebildet. Ihr Innenraum ist in diesem Ausführungsbeispiels mit einem weich-elastischen Kunststoff gefüllt.The membrane is in turn formed by closed side and bottom parts as a closed box. In this exemplary embodiment, its interior is filled with a soft, elastic plastic.
Zusammenfassend zeichnet sich das erfindungsgemäße Inlay also dadurch aus, daß seine Auflagerfläche nicht starr, sondern flexibel ist, so daß sie sich optimal den sich ändernden Krümmungsverhältnissen je nach Gelenkstellung anpassen kann. Durch die vergrößerte Auflagerfläche werden hohe Punktbelastungen vermieden und der bisher auftretende Abrieb und Kaltfluß deutlich verringert. Bei Verwendung eines mit Flüssigkeit oder Gel gefüllten Polsters ist außerdem gewährleistet, daß sich das Volumen dieses Polsters nicht verändert, das Gelenk also nicht instabil wird. In summary, the inlay according to the invention is characterized in that its support surface is not rigid, but flexible, so that it can optimally adapt to the changing curvature depending on the joint position. Due to the enlarged bearing surface, high point loads are avoided and the abrasion and cold flow that have occurred so far are significantly reduced. When using a cushion filled with liquid or gel, it is also ensured that the volume of this cushion does not change, that is, the joint does not become unstable.

Claims

Pa te nta n s p rü c h e Pa te nta nsp rü che
1. Gelenkprothese, insbesondere Kniegelenkprotese mit einer Gelenkpfanne, die eine mit dem Kopfteil des Gelenkes korrespondierende Lagerfläche (F) aufweist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Lagerfläche (F) zumindest teilweise flexibel ist und durch zumindest eine Membran (3) gebildet ist.1. Joint prosthesis, in particular knee joint prosthesis with an acetabular cup which has a bearing surface (F) corresponding to the head part of the joint, characterized in that the bearing surface (F) is at least partially flexible and is formed by at least one membrane (3).
2. Gelenkprothese nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Membran (3) an ihrem Rand in einem Rahmen gehalten ist.2. Joint prosthesis according to claim 1, characterized in that the membrane (3) is held at its edge in a frame.
3. Gelenkprothese nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Membran (3) als Dose ausgebildet ist.3. Joint prosthesis according to claim 1, characterized in that the membrane (3) is designed as a box.
4. Gelenkprothese nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Membran (3) eine Vielzahl von Öffnungen aufweist, insbesondere als Gitter oder Netz ausgebildet ist.4. Joint prosthesis according to claim 1, characterized in that the membrane (3) has a plurality of openings, in particular is designed as a grid or network.
5. Gelenkprothese nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Membran (3) zumidest teilweise auf zumindest einem nachgiebigen Polster (4) aufliegt. 85. Joint prosthesis according to claim 1, characterized in that the membrane (3) at least partially rests on at least one flexible cushion (4). 8th
6. Gelenkprothese nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Polster (4) mit Kunststoff, Flüssigkeit, Gel oder dergleichen gefüllt ist.6. Joint prosthesis according to claim 5, characterized in that the cushion (4) is filled with plastic, liquid, gel or the like.
7. Gelenkprothese nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Polster (4) eine hermetisch dichte Hülle (5) aufweist.7. Joint prosthesis according to claim 5, characterized in that the cushion (4) has a hermetically sealed cover (5).
8. Gelenkprothese nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Membran (3) zumindest teilweise auf einem nachgiebigen Medium ohne zusätzliche Hülle aufliegt.8. Joint prosthesis according to claim 1, characterized in that the membrane (3) rests at least partially on a flexible medium without an additional sheath.
9. Gelenkprothese nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Membran (3) an ihrer dem Kopfteil zugewandten Seite eine Vielzahl von Stützkörper (2) trägt.9. Joint prosthesis according to claim 1, characterized in that the membrane (3) on its side facing the head part carries a plurality of support bodies (2).
10. Gelenkprothese nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Stützkörper dicht benachbart nebeneinander angeordnet sind.10. Joint prosthesis according to claim 9, characterized in that the support bodies are arranged closely adjacent to one another.
11. Gelenkprothe-se nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Membran (3) zur Verbesserung ihrer Flexiblität profiliert ist, insbesondere ein wellenförmiges Profil (3a) oder einige Sicken (3b) aufweist.11. joint prosthesis according to claim 1, characterized in that the membrane (3) is profiled to improve its flexibility, in particular has a wavy profile (3a) or some beads (3b).
12. Gelenkprothese nach Anspruch 1 oder 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß-die Lagerfläche (F) der Membran (3) bzw. ihrer Stützkörper (2) aus einer Metallegierung besteht. 12. Joint prosthesis according to claim 1 or 9, characterized in that the bearing surface (F) of the membrane (3) or its support body (2) consists of a metal alloy.
PCT/EP1999/000947 1998-02-17 1999-02-12 Method for guiding external air from the outside through a window in a forced ventilated space and window for the same WO1999042061A1 (en)

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