WO1999064915A1 - Color separation prism assembly and method for making same - Google Patents
Color separation prism assembly and method for making same Download PDFInfo
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- WO1999064915A1 WO1999064915A1 PCT/US1999/012641 US9912641W WO9964915A1 WO 1999064915 A1 WO1999064915 A1 WO 1999064915A1 US 9912641 W US9912641 W US 9912641W WO 9964915 A1 WO9964915 A1 WO 9964915A1
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- modulation device
- exit facet
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/0025—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 for optical correction, e.g. distorsion, aberration
- G02B27/005—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 for optical correction, e.g. distorsion, aberration for correction of secondary colour or higher-order chromatic aberrations
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/10—Beam splitting or combining systems
- G02B27/1006—Beam splitting or combining systems for splitting or combining different wavelengths
- G02B27/1013—Beam splitting or combining systems for splitting or combining different wavelengths for colour or multispectral image sensors, e.g. splitting an image into monochromatic image components on respective sensors
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/10—Beam splitting or combining systems
- G02B27/1073—Beam splitting or combining systems characterized by manufacturing or alignment methods
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/10—Beam splitting or combining systems
- G02B27/14—Beam splitting or combining systems operating by reflection only
- G02B27/145—Beam splitting or combining systems operating by reflection only having sequential partially reflecting surfaces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/04—Prisms
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
- H04N23/10—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof for generating image signals from different wavelengths
- H04N23/13—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof for generating image signals from different wavelengths with multiple sensors
- H04N23/16—Optical arrangements associated therewith, e.g. for beam-splitting or for colour correction
Definitions
- the present invention relates generally to information displays that utilize color separation prisms. More particularly, the invention relates to a color separation prism assembly and a method for assembling the prism.
- dichroic optical interference filters which are designed to have a sharp transition between transmission and reflection in a precise region of the visible spectrum.
- Dichroic filters have been used with various types of prisms, along with other optical components. When dichroic filters are utilized on the faces of prisms or prism assemblies, light corresponding to discrete spectral ranges can be re-directed or recombined.
- the combination of dichroic filters and prisms is commonly used in color imaging and display systems as a way to separate colors or combine the primary colors into the final image.
- a compact optical element which accomplishes this purpose is known as a Philips prism.
- the Philips prism assembly is commonly known, and various uses thereof are described in U.S. Patent Nos. 2,392,978, 3,659,918, 4,009,941, 4,084,180, and 4,913,528, the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference.
- a Philips prism assembly comprises two triangular prisms and one rectangular prism cemented into an assembly.
- the two triangular prism elements have an air gap between them.
- the rectangular prism element is optically cemented on a face thereof to a face of one of the triangular prisms, opposite the air gap bonded face.
- Dichroic filter coatings are on the faces of the two triangular prisms.
- each prism element has an associated image modulating device aligned with an external facet of each prism element.
- the image modulating device is usually a cathode ray tube or liquid crystal light valve.
- the source of light used to form the image can come from the image modulating device, as in the case of a cathode ray tube.
- Liquid crystal light valves or liquid crystal display (LCD) cells can be used with a Philips prism in a transmission mode using back lit illumination through the LCD cell into the prism.
- the LCD cells are more efficient in the reflection mode, as used, for example, in image projection systems disclosed in U.S. Patent Nos. 5,621,486 and 5,644,432, the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference.
- a single illumination source provides white light.
- a polarizing beam splitter is used to direct one polarization of white light into the facet of the first prism element in the assembly.
- the prism splits the light into three color channels, typically red, blue, and green, which are transmitted through an exit facet of each prism element to the associated LCD.
- Each color channel is retroreflected back into the prism by the LCD whereby the polarization of the reflected light is spatially modulated via activation of each particular pixel comprising the LCD image plane.
- the light reflected from the three LCDs is recombined within the prism assembly and exits the prism through the entrance facet.
- a color image is formed when the retroreflected spatially modulated light enters the polarizing beam splitter, whereby light corresponding to image pixels that caused a 90 degree change in polarization is now transmitted through the polarizing beam splitter, and separated from the unmodulated light.
- the polarizing beam splitter acts as both a polarizer for light entering the Philips prism and an analyzer for the light exiting the prism to form a spatially modulated image. This image is then projected by an additional lens assembly onto a viewing screen.
- Philips prisms are relatively compact optical assemblies for color separation.
- the angle of incidence for light reflected off the various dichroic coatings is less than 30 degrees, which is not the case for most other color separating prism assemblies. This can be significant, as the performance of dichroic coatings becomes increasingly angle sensitive as the angle of incidence increases.
- Prism components and optical coatings are expensive to manufacture.
- the individual prism elements must be made within sufficiently high tolerances to obtain precise overlap of the recombined images formed at each of the liquid crystal light valves.
- the optical coatings are also expensive.
- Antireflection coatings are commonly used on the entrance face of each individual prism, and frequently on any exit face which is not cemented, or optically bonded, to another prism element.
- two of the three prism elements have dichroic coatings applied to their surfaces. Any errors made in prism assembly, whether they result from the assembly method or the tolerance of the individual prism elements, results in defective parts and lost value of coatings and components.
- the individual prism elements of the color separation device are fabricated in a manner and sequence which results in independent optical path length correction for each color channel, which are defined by the optical coatings within the prism assembly.
- the air equivalent thickness within the entire prism assembly for any color channel is varied to meet a predetermined difference, which may be zero.
- the air equivalent thickness is the physical path length divided by the refractive index.
- the air equivalent thickness for each color channel is a function of the geometric dimensions of the prism element which separates that color channel and the geometric dimensions of the preceding prism elements within the optical path, along with the refractive index of the prism assembly components.
- the physical path within each prism element is varied by adjusting the entrance position of the incident light rays a predictable amount, based on geometric and optical principles.
- the adjustment is made by assembling the second and third prisms to selectively offset their nominal optical path entrance point from the optical path exit point of the preceding prism. This is accomplished by pre-characterizing each prism element and calculating the distance each prism is translated along its planar interface with the preceding prism to obtain the desired air equivalent thickness.
- the color separation device of the invention improves image quality and provides opportunities to lower the display system cost by using low tolerance components and/or plastic optical components normally having a high chromatic aberration.
- the method of the invention provides for manufacturing achromatic prisms.
- the method of the invention provides for manufacturing prisms having a predetermined amount of chromatic aberration to correct for other components in an optical system.
- the method of assembly corrects for errors in prism dimensions arising from manufacturing steps, providing a prism assembly sufficiently characterized to align and directly attach additional optical components to the prism assembly.
- Figure 1 is a perspective view of a conventional Philips prism assembly
- Figure 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating the operation of a conventional prism assembly used in a liquid crystal light valve imaging system
- Figure 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating the ray paths of a conventional prism assembly in which all three prisms have nominal dimensions and are assembled in their nominal positions;
- Figure 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating one embodiment of the present invention in which the first prism is made longer than its nominal dimension and the second and third prisms are assembled with an offset from the nominal position shown in Figure 3;
- Figure 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating another embodiment of the present invention in which the second prism is made longer than its nominal dimension and the second and third prisms are assembled with an offset from the nominal position shown in Figure 3;
- Figure 6 is a schematic diagram illustrating the angles and sides of each prism component used to calculate the prism offset distances in the assembly process
- Figures 7A and 7B are schematic diagrams for comparing prior art methods of aligning optical components, including the Philips prism used to construct an optical image acquisition or display system; and
- Figures 8A and 8B illustrate additional embodiments of the invention for attaching optical components directly to a Philips prism in which the alignment procedure is simplified.
- the present invention is directed to a color separation device and a method for assembling the device.
- the color separation device is assembled from three prisms in an arrangement that provides for air equivalent thickness correction for each color.
- the air equivalent thickness adjustment provides for the correction of deviations in any of the three prisms, as well as providing a method to correct the chromatic aberration arising from other optical elements in an information display system.
- Image quality is improved by the prism assembly of the invention used in information display systems.
- the method of the invention provides for opportunities to lower the optical system cost by using low tolerance components and/or plastic optical components such as plastic prism elements which normally have a high chromatic aberration.
- like structures are provided with like reference designations. While a Philips prism assembly is used to illustrate the embodiments of the invention, the teachings of the invention are equally applicable to related prism assemblies.
- Figure 1 shows a perspective view of a conventional Philips prism assembly 10.
- the prism assembly 10 includes a first triangular prism 12 and a second triangular prism 14, with a third prism 16 having at least four sides.
- the triangular prisms 12 and 14 are positioned with respect to each other to provide an air gap 18 at their interface.
- the second triangular prism 14 and third prism 16 are optically cemented at an interface 20 of these prisms.
- prism 12 is configured to separate red light (R)
- prism 14 is configured to separate blue light (B)
- prism 16 is configured to receive green light (G).
- the light ray paths through prism assembly 10 are shown in Figure 1.
- An incident ray i passes into prism 12, with a portion thereof (e.g., red light) internally reflected and emerging from prism 12 as r,.
- the remaining portion of the incident light passes into prism 14, with a portion thereof (e.g., blue light) internally reflected and emerging from prism 14 as r 2 .
- the remaining portion of the incident ray (e.g., green light) emerges from prism 16 as r 3 .
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating the operation of prism assembly 10 in a conventional liquid crystal light valve imaging system 100.
- a light source 102 provides the illumination in imaging system 100 for forming an image.
- the light source 102 emits unpolarized light 104 which passes through an optical filter 105 such as a color tuning filter or a notch filter which tunes the wavelength range of the light required for imaging system 100.
- the light from optical filter 105 is incident on a polarizing device 106, typically a polarizing beam splitter, and light of a selected polarization is reflected into prism assembly 10.
- the first triangular prism 12 of prism assembly 10 receives incident light at an entrance facet 22a thereof.
- the prism 12 has a dichroic coating (not shown) on a first exit facet 22b which is opposite entrance facet 22a.
- the dichroic coating defines the wavelength range for a first color channel in imaging system 100. Light reflected by this dichroic coating is totally internally reflected at the surface of facet 22a toward a second exit facet 22c and is transmitted through facet 22c. Light of a first color such as red is thereby selected and directed to a first spatial image modulation device 110 such as an LCD.
- the second triangular prism 14 is attached at an entrance facet 24a to exit facet 22b of prism 12 so as to form a precise air gap 18 therebetween.
- the prism 14 has a dichroic coating on a first exit facet 24b opposite air gap 18. This dichroic coating defines the wavelength range for a second color channel in imaging system 100. Light reflected at facet 24b exits prism 14 at a second exit facet 24c after total internal reflection at facet 24a. Light of a second color such as blue is thereby selected and directed to a second spatial image modulation device 112.
- the third prism 16 has an entrance facet 26a which is optically bonded or cemented to facet 24b of prism 14 and is in contact with the dichroic coating on facet 24b.
- a third color channel is defined by the remaining wavelengths of light which pass into prism 16 from prism 14 that have not been subtracted from the incident beam by the preceding dichroic coatings in the physical path of the light.
- Light of a third color such as green exits prism 16 at an exit facet 26b and is directed to a third spatial image modulation device 114.
- Figure 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating the light ray paths of prism assembly 10 in which all three prisms 12, 14, and 16 have nominal dimensions and are assembled in their nominal positions.
- each prism element is determined by the optical reflection and transmission characteristics of the associated dichroic coating utilized, and that any of the prism elements can be configured with appropriate dichroic coatings to separate either red, blue or green light.
- the dichroic coatings on the first two prisms act to separate two wavelength regions.
- the color transmitted by the third prism is determined by the first two prisms.
- the spatial image modulation devices 110, 112 and 114 retroreflect each color channel back through prism assembly 10 providing a spatial modulation of the initial polarization state of the light.
- the modulated image exits prism assembly 10 and passes to polarizing device 106.
- the polarizing device 106 selectively transmits only one polarization state to a projection lens 118, such that the final image, projected onto a viewing screen 120, is composed by selective activation of individual pixels for each color in the image.
- the brightness and color balance of the final projected image is achieved by blending the colors from each of the three separate color images. Precise spatial overlap of each pixel in each of the three image modulation devices is required to properly blend colors and obtain a high-resolution final image. Detrimental aberrations can be inherent in the design and selection of optical components or due to errors in their alignment and assembly.
- the Philips prism is one potential source of undesirable optical aberration. Thus, a need exists to control and correct for any aberrations in the optical system that defocus the three color channel images.
- the present invention provides a technique for reproducibly designing and assembling prism elements to correct for potential aberrations.
- the invention provides a way to use a Philips prism to correct for aberrations caused by other optical components.
- the invention also provides a precise and rapid method for assembling optical components that act in cooperation with each color channel, which eliminates chromatic aberrations caused by improper alignment in the assembly of these components.
- the methods of the invention are applicable to a broad range of optical systems which utilize Philips prisms. An example of such a system is disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 5,658,060, which is incorporated herein by reference.
- a color separation device includes a first prism having a first air equivalent thickness, a second prism having a second air equivalent thickness which is attached to the first prism, and a third prism having a third air equivalent thickness which is attached to the second prism.
- the second prism is offset from the first prism such that the air equivalent thicknesses for light selected by each of the first and second prisms are substantially equal.
- the third prism is offset from the first and second prisms such that the air equivalent thickness of light selected by the third prism is substantially equal to that selected by the first and second prisms.
- the physical dimensions of the first and second prisms are measured and the path length in the first prism is calculated.
- An air equivalent thickness difference between the first and second prisms is then determined.
- a first physical offset distance is then determined to correct for the air equivalent thickness difference between the first and second prisms such that the air equivalent thickness is the same for the second prism path (through both the first and second prisms) and the first prism path.
- the first and second prisms are attached at interfacing sides such that the first and second prisms are displaced at their interfacing sides by the first physical offset distance.
- the physical dimensions of the third prism can be optionally measured, and an air equivalent thickness difference between the first and third prisms is determined.
- a second physical offset distance is then determined for the third prism to correct for the air equivalent thickness difference between the first and third prisms.
- the third prism is attached to the second prism such that the second and third prisms are displaced at their interfacing sides by the second physical offset distance.
- the first, second, and third prisms can be assembled to provide a predetermined chromatic aberration, which compensates for a chromatic aberration caused by the optical components such as lenses in the display system.
- Figure 4 shows a ray diagram for a prism assembly 30 in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention, in which prism 14 is assembled with an offset with respect to prisms 12 and 16 from the nominal position shown for prism 10 in Figure 3.
- the dashed arrowed line in prism 14 represents the physical path for a prism assembly having no deviation from the nominal design in Figure 3.
- the dashed line in prism 12 represents the nominal position for the now longer side of prism 12 forming the exit facet adjacent prism 14.
- the solid segment lines in prism 30 represent the actual physical path caused by the deviations in prisms 12 and 14 utilized to assemble prism 30 in the corrective offset position as shown in Figure 4.
- Figure 5 shows a ray diagram for a prism assembly 40 in accordance with another embodiment of the invention, in which prism 14 is assembled with a different offset with respect to prisms 12 and 16 from the nominal position shown for prism 10 in Figure 3.
- the dashed arrowed line in prism 14 represents the physical path for a prism assembly having no deviation from the nominal design in Figure 3.
- the dashed line in prism 14 intersecting the arrowed dashed line represents the nominal position for the now longer side of prism 14 forming the exit facet at D'.
- the solid segment lines in prism 40 represent the actual physical path caused by the deviation in prism 14 utilized to assemble prism 40 in the corrective offset position as shown in Figure 5. Since the offsetting of the prism elements in the embodiments of the invention may reduce the image area of a projected image, the prism assembly should be oversized to accommodate for the desired offsets from the nominal design based on the expected deviations from the nominal prism element dimensions. Figure.
- the offset dimensions are calculated from the physical dimensions to adjust the physical and air equivalent thickness for each color channel independently to the desired or predetermined value. These calculations are based on geometric and optical principles, and are discussed in further detail below in the Examples. The prism assembly ray diagrams of Figures 4 and 5 were generated using these calculations.
- the liquid crystal image modulation devices In the conventional method of manufacturing liquid crystal projection display systems, the liquid crystal image modulation devices must be accurately positioned with respect to the color separation prism so that the projected image is formed by the matched overlap of pixels from each of the three image modulation devices.
- the image modulation device is attached to the assembled prism with an air gap therebetween.
- the air gap thickness is manually adjusted to accommodate for variations in optical path length between each of the three color channels arising from chromatic dispersion prism-to-prism variations.
- Adjustable parameters during the attachment process, in addition to the air gap thickness are:
- Figures 7A and 7B are schematic diagrams illustrating a prior art method of aligning and assembling an image modulation device 114, such as a liquid crystal light valve, with respect to a prism assembly 10 such as a Philips prism used to construct an optical image acquisition or display system.
- Figure 7A illustrates a conventional system in which light is directed by lens 108 into prism assembly 10, and is reflected and transmitted at various wavelengths within prisms 12 and 14 by dichroic coatings 28 and 29.
- the image modulation device 114 is positioned at a focal distance from exit facet
- the image modulation device must be precisely aligned on an optical test bench by manipulating various spatial parameters, which are depicted in the diagram of Figure 7B by lines and semicircles with arrows in relation to a three-dimensional (x, y, z) coordinate system.
- These spatial parameters include: focal distance from the prism exit facet (z-axis linear alignment), linear alignment in the x-axis direction, linear alignment in the y-axis direction, and rotational or tilt alignment about the x, y and z axes.
- the above method for aligning an image modulation device is simplified and improved in the following manner when prisms formed by the inventive process are utilized.
- the aforementioned tilt, rotation, and linear alignment or displacement adjustments can be simplified or reduced to the extent that the image modulation device has a planar front surface and the center and orthogonal axes of the image modulation device can be pre-characterized or controlled.
- physical spacers alone would be sufficient to adjust the air gap thickness and eliminate an adjustment of tilt about the x-axis and y-axis.
- FIGS 8 A and 8B illustrate additional embodiments of this invention when the image modulation device, or another optical component, has ideal characteristics permitting direct attachment to prism assembly 30.
- Figure 8 A illustrates one embodiment in which image modulation device 114 is aligned and optically bonded directly to the exit facet of prism 16 using a substantially uniform optical adhesive layer 124.
- image modulation device 114 can be directly bonded to the exit facet of prism 16 as shown in Figure 8 A.
- This provides a cost and performance advantage by eliminating the requirement for antireflection coatings on the exit facets of the prism elements and on the image modulators.
- the x and y linear alignments can be automated to correspond to the beam offset characteristic of each prism element and their resulting combination by precisely calculating the beam offset from the corrected alignment positions of the prism elements.
- At least one image modulation device can be bonded to an exit facet of the corresponding prism element with an air gap between the image modulation device and the exit facet.
- the air gap distance is controlled by at least one fixed physical spacer connecting a perimeter region of the image modulation device and a perimeter region of the exit facet.
- at least one antireflection coating is formed on either the exit facet of the prism or on the image modulation device.
- Figure 8B depicts a further embodiment in which a field lens 126 at a first surface thereof is directly bonded to the exit facet of prism 16 using an optical adhesive layer 124.
- the field lens 126 is provided to correct for lateral chromatic aberration.
- the present prism assembly method eliminates the need to provide a z-axis linear adjustment which arises from the combined tolerance errors of prisms 12, 14 and 16.
- a second surface of field lens 126 is opposite image modulation device 114 with an air gap formed therebetween.
- At least one physical spacer 128 can be provided to indirectly attach image modulation device 114 to prism 16 resulting in the air gap between field lens 126 and image modulation device 114.
- the spacer 128 can be a separate component or can be manufactured into field lens 126. In either case, spacer 128 preserves the planar relationship between the exit facet and the front face of image modulation device 1 14.
- the thickness of the air gap is controlled by the fixed physical spacer 128 which connects a perimeter region of image modulation device 114 and a perimeter region of the second surface of field lens 126.
- at least one antireflection coating is formed on either the second surface of field lens 126 or on image modulation device 114.
- optical components such as image modulators and lenses can be directly or indirectly bonded to the exit facets of the other prism components of prism assembly 30 in the same manner as described above for Figures 8 A and 8B.
- optical components such as image modulators and lenses can be directly or indirectly bonded to the exit facets of the other prism components of prism assembly 30 in the same manner as described above for Figures 8 A and 8B.
- the following examples illustrate various features of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
- Example 1 This example is described below with reference to Figure 6.
- Each of prisms 1, 2 and 3 of the prism assembly in Figure 6 is characterized by measuring two angles and the length of one side.
- Prism 2 is offset from prism 1 by using one edge in reference to a zero position, the zero position being one apex of prism 1.
- the edge of each prism will be referred to by the corresponding angle number, i.e., the edge of prism 1 having angle ⁇ 1 will be referred to as edge 1.
- Edge 3 of prism 1 is used as the reference point for positioning prism 2.
- Side SI of prism 1 is used as the reference for positioning side S2 of prism 3.
- the prism 2 offset distance is measured from edge 3 parallel to side SI of prism 1 to the intersection of a line perpendicular with side SI of prism 1. This perpendicular line has an intersection with the corresponding edge 6 of prism 2, establishing the offset with respect to prism 1.
- the prism offset distances are labeled in Figure 6.
- Prism 1 is characterized by measuring the following two angles and one side: ⁇ l, ⁇ 3, and S2.
- Prism 2 is characterized by measuring the following two angles and one side: ⁇ 4, ⁇ 6, and S2.
- Prism 2 is positioned with respect to prism 1 such that edge 6 is at the prism 2 offset distance and side SI of prism 2 forms a parallel air gap (e.g., 0.001 inch (20 micron)) with side S2 of prism 1.
- Prism 2 is bonded to Prism 1 at their edges. This can be accomplished by introducing a liquid UV curable adhesive of relatively high viscosity at the adjoining sides of the prisms and then curing the adhesive before it can wick into the air gap. The air gap can be measured and aligned using shim strips and/or autocollimation optical alignment techniques.
- a preferred method of producing a repeatable air gap is to utilize an optical adhesive composition that includes a transparent filler material such as uniform spacer beads (e.g., glass micro- spheres or plastic micro-spheres), glass rods, or glass fibers.
- a transparent filler material such as uniform spacer beads (e.g., glass micro- spheres or plastic micro-spheres), glass rods, or glass fibers.
- the physical dimensions of the transparent filler material control the thickness of the adhesive layer bonding the prisms together.
- a representative adhesive formulation is, for example, Norland 4US- 91 optical cement (Norland Adhesives, North Brunswick, NJ ) filled with 0.5-2.0 weight- % precision glass micro-spheres having a diameter of 20 microns (available from Duke Scientific, Palo Alto, CA).
- This formulation has a sufficiently high viscosity that it can be applied at the perimeter of the active or useful viewing area of prism 1 as a continuous bead.
- Prism 2 is accurately positioned with respect to prism 1 and pressed into firm contact whereby the air gap is set by the diameter of the micro-spheres.
- the first and second prisms are held together as the adhesive is cured in a conventional manner, resulting in their permanent attachment.
- Prism 3 is characterized by measuring the following two angles and two sides: ⁇ 7,
- Prism 3 is positioned with respect to prism 2 whereby the offset is characterized by a predetermined height of the prism assembly, measured from side S2 of prism 3 to side SI of prism 1.
- Side SI of prism 3 is facebonded or optically cemented to side S2 of prism 2.
- the surfaces of sides SI and S2 can be face bonded after physical positioning using various types of optical methods that are known to one having ordinary skill in the art.
- the calculations for determining the prism offset are provided by a series of formulas linked in a spreadsheet format as shown in Table 1 below.
- the spreadsheet format provides in column H the equations for calculating a physical path length and in column I the equations for calculating a reduced path length (the physical path divided by the refractive index).
- the reduced path length must be matched at the color channel wavelengths to superimpose the three images at the focal plane.
- Tables 2, 3, and 4 below provide examples of the calculations corresponding to the ray diagrams of Figures 3, 4, and 5, respectively, where the reduced path length is calculated for each color channel.
- the physical length in mm is calculated for segments
- the refractive index of the prism material BK7 glass, is 1.520 at 587.6 nm.
- the optical adhesive Norland NOA61
- the total path length in prism 1 is calculated as the sum of segments 1 , 2 and 3 (e.g., 128 mm in spreadsheet cell in column H, row 15 of Table 1).
- the value for the prism 2 offset (cell in column E, row 29) can be modified by the user. This can be done routinely using any spreadsheet software program, for example the "goal seek” or "solver function" provided by the spreadsheet software program
- the value of the prism assembly height (cell in column E, row 56) is modified by the user.
- a correction is made for chromatic aberration of the entire optical system such that the air equivalent thicknesses are not equal, but have a predetermined difference.
- This provides for opportunities to lower the optical system cost by using plastic optical components normally having a high chromatic aberration, while improving the optical system performance, and allowing for simplification of the projection lens.
- This predetermined difference can be calculated by one having ordinary skill in the art using optical ray tracing software programs, such as "Code V", which is produced by Optical Research Associates of Pasadena, CA, by providing the appropriate characterization of refractive index dispersion for the materials used in each lens, prism or other optical element which contributes to chromatic aberration in the system.
- the assembly method of the prism elements is exactly the same as in Example 1.
- the spreadsheet format of Table 4 is used to match the reduced path length for each color channel, which is the physical path length divided by the refractive index for the prism glass at the color channel wavelength (corresponding to the center of the passband for the dichroic filter on the same prism).
- the physical path lengths for ray segments that are common to two or more prisms are divided by the refractive index at the wavelength associated with the prism's color separation channel to arrive at the air equivalent thickness.
- the same cells in the spreadsheet used in Example 1 that are modified to match physical path lengths are now adjusted to obtain a predetermined difference in reduced path length.
- Table 4 provides an example of these calculations wherein the chromatic aberration from optical system components other than the Philips prism are ignored. It can be seen by inspection of the spreadsheet in Table 4 that the first, or blue color channel prism was characterized by a reduced path length at a wavelength of 450 nm for physical path segments 1 , 2, and 3 of prism 1. The red color channel was characterized by the sum of reduced path lengths at 650 nm for prisms 1 and 2 and segments 1, 4, 5, 6 and 7. The green color channel was characterized by the sum of reduced path lengths at 550 nm for prisms 1, 2 and 3 and segments 1, 4, 5, 8 and 9.
- the target air equivalent thickness for the second and third prisms is dependent on the air equivalent thickness in the first prism, which is calculated by dividing the physical path length in prism 1 by the refractive index of light at 450 nm separated by prism 1. Table 1
Abstract
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Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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EP99944121A EP1092170A1 (en) | 1998-06-11 | 1999-06-04 | Color separation prism assembly and method for making same |
JP2000553853A JP2002517796A (en) | 1998-06-11 | 1999-06-04 | Color separation prism assembly and method of manufacturing the same |
KR1020007008342A KR20010040486A (en) | 1998-06-11 | 1999-06-04 | Color separation prism assembly and method for making same |
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Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US8892298P | 1998-06-11 | 1998-06-11 | |
US09/321,363 US6144498A (en) | 1998-06-11 | 1999-05-27 | Color separation prism assembly and method for making same |
US09/321,363 | 1999-05-27 | ||
US60/088,922 | 1999-05-27 |
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WO1999064915A1 true WO1999064915A1 (en) | 1999-12-16 |
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PCT/US1999/012641 WO1999064915A1 (en) | 1998-06-11 | 1999-06-04 | Color separation prism assembly and method for making same |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6144498A (en) |
EP (1) | EP1092170A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2002517796A (en) |
KR (1) | KR20010040486A (en) |
TW (1) | TW400439B (en) |
WO (1) | WO1999064915A1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
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WO2012069443A1 (en) * | 2010-11-23 | 2012-05-31 | Leica Microsystems Cms Gmbh | Confocal laser scanning microscope and a method for examining a sample |
EP4298983A1 (en) * | 2022-06-30 | 2024-01-03 | Karl Storz SE & Co. KG | Beam splitting device for a distal end section of an endoscope, objective system and endoscope |
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DE69435174D1 (en) | 1993-12-21 | 2009-01-15 | Minnesota Mining & Mfg | Multilayer optical film |
US7023602B2 (en) * | 1999-05-17 | 2006-04-04 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Reflective LCD projection system using wide-angle Cartesian polarizing beam splitter and color separation and recombination prisms |
US6249387B1 (en) * | 1998-05-13 | 2001-06-19 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Stable enhanced contrast optical system for high resolution displays |
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US6404558B1 (en) * | 2000-12-29 | 2002-06-11 | Prokia Technology Co., Ltd. | Projection display with color separation/synthesizing prism unit |
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US6956976B2 (en) * | 2002-01-04 | 2005-10-18 | Warner Bros. Enterianment Inc. | Reduction of differential resolution of separations |
US6947607B2 (en) * | 2002-01-04 | 2005-09-20 | Warner Bros. Entertainment Inc. | Reduction of differential resolution of separations |
GB0200938D0 (en) * | 2002-01-16 | 2002-03-06 | Solexa Ltd | Prism design for scanning applications |
EP1512123B1 (en) * | 2002-06-12 | 2009-10-07 | Silicon Optix Inc. | System and method for electronic correction of optical anomalies |
US7230768B2 (en) * | 2005-04-27 | 2007-06-12 | Christie Digital Systems Inc. | Ultra-bright light engine for projection displays |
US20070081129A1 (en) * | 2005-10-11 | 2007-04-12 | Chi-Wen Lin | Modular beam-recombining system and beam-recombining method threof |
US20070211343A1 (en) * | 2006-03-10 | 2007-09-13 | Stephan Clark | Method and apparatus for reducing optical reflections |
US8184375B2 (en) | 2008-06-27 | 2012-05-22 | Panavision Federal Systems, Llc | Wavelength separating beamsplitter |
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1999
- 1999-05-27 US US09/321,363 patent/US6144498A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-06-04 KR KR1020007008342A patent/KR20010040486A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1999-06-04 EP EP99944121A patent/EP1092170A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1999-06-04 WO PCT/US1999/012641 patent/WO1999064915A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1999-06-04 JP JP2000553853A patent/JP2002517796A/en active Pending
- 1999-06-11 TW TW088109841A patent/TW400439B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
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Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2012069443A1 (en) * | 2010-11-23 | 2012-05-31 | Leica Microsystems Cms Gmbh | Confocal laser scanning microscope and a method for examining a sample |
JP2014503842A (en) * | 2010-11-23 | 2014-02-13 | ライカ マイクロシステムス ツェーエムエス ゲーエムベーハー | Confocal laser scanning microscope and sample inspection method |
US8922776B2 (en) | 2010-11-23 | 2014-12-30 | Leica Microsystems Cms Gmbh | Confocal laser scanning microscope and a method for investigating a sample |
EP4298983A1 (en) * | 2022-06-30 | 2024-01-03 | Karl Storz SE & Co. KG | Beam splitting device for a distal end section of an endoscope, objective system and endoscope |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1092170A1 (en) | 2001-04-18 |
KR20010040486A (en) | 2001-05-15 |
JP2002517796A (en) | 2002-06-18 |
TW400439B (en) | 2000-08-01 |
US6144498A (en) | 2000-11-07 |
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