WO1999064974A1 - A monitoring system - Google Patents

A monitoring system Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1999064974A1
WO1999064974A1 PCT/SG1998/000041 SG9800041W WO9964974A1 WO 1999064974 A1 WO1999064974 A1 WO 1999064974A1 SG 9800041 W SG9800041 W SG 9800041W WO 9964974 A1 WO9964974 A1 WO 9964974A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
item
location
library
processing unit
radio frequency
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/SG1998/000041
Other languages
French (fr)
Other versions
WO1999064974A8 (en
WO1999064974B1 (en
WO1999064974A9 (en
Inventor
Soo Keong Koh
Moon Ming Seah
Teck Khiam Christopher Chia
Original Assignee
St Logitrack Pte Ltd
The National Library Board
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to PL98344647A priority Critical patent/PL344647A1/en
Priority to PCT/SG1998/000041 priority patent/WO1999064974A1/en
Priority to JP2000553908A priority patent/JP2002517865A/en
Priority to BR9815965-8A priority patent/BR9815965A/en
Priority to CZ20004600A priority patent/CZ298902B6/en
Priority to NZ508713A priority patent/NZ508713A/en
Priority to CA002334488A priority patent/CA2334488C/en
Priority to AU77947/98A priority patent/AU754896B2/en
Priority to IL14003698A priority patent/IL140036A0/en
Priority to KR10-2000-7013853A priority patent/KR100460759B1/en
Priority to CNB988141477A priority patent/CN100392664C/en
Priority to EP98926019A priority patent/EP1084477A1/en
Application filed by St Logitrack Pte Ltd, The National Library Board filed Critical St Logitrack Pte Ltd
Priority to RU2000133230/09A priority patent/RU2196355C2/en
Priority to EEP200000736A priority patent/EE200000736A/en
Priority to IDW20002567A priority patent/ID29288A/en
Priority to SK1864-2000A priority patent/SK18642000A3/en
Priority to MYPI99002300A priority patent/MY124672A/en
Priority to TW088109657A priority patent/TW437194B/en
Publication of WO1999064974A1 publication Critical patent/WO1999064974A1/en
Publication of WO1999064974B1 publication Critical patent/WO1999064974B1/en
Priority to IL140036A priority patent/IL140036A/en
Priority to NO20006207A priority patent/NO320905B1/en
Priority to US09/733,701 priority patent/US6704690B2/en
Publication of WO1999064974A9 publication Critical patent/WO1999064974A9/en
Publication of WO1999064974A8 publication Critical patent/WO1999064974A8/en

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q50/00—Systems or methods specially adapted for specific business sectors, e.g. utilities or tourism
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07F—COIN-FREED OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • G07F7/00—Mechanisms actuated by objects other than coins to free or to actuate vending, hiring, coin or paper currency dispensing or refunding apparatus
    • G07F7/06—Mechanisms actuated by objects other than coins to free or to actuate vending, hiring, coin or paper currency dispensing or refunding apparatus by returnable containers, i.e. reverse vending systems in which a user is rewarded for returning a container that serves as a token of value, e.g. bottles
    • G07F7/069—Mechanisms actuated by objects other than coins to free or to actuate vending, hiring, coin or paper currency dispensing or refunding apparatus by returnable containers, i.e. reverse vending systems in which a user is rewarded for returning a container that serves as a token of value, e.g. bottles by box-like containers, e.g. videocassettes, books
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K17/00—Methods or arrangements for effecting co-operative working between equipments covered by two or more of main groups G06K1/00 - G06K15/00, e.g. automatic card files incorporating conveying and reading operations
    • G06K17/0022—Methods or arrangements for effecting co-operative working between equipments covered by two or more of main groups G06K1/00 - G06K15/00, e.g. automatic card files incorporating conveying and reading operations arrangements or provisious for transferring data to distant stations, e.g. from a sensing device

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a monitoring system, and especially, a system to identify and monitor the location of library items, such as books.
  • a user can only borrow a certain number of books. If that number of books have been deposited in a bookdrop, the borrower is unable to borrow any further books until after the books deposited in the bookdrop have been scanned as being returned.
  • the total number of books which may be borrowed by a user may be limited to four.
  • a library monitoring system comprises a number of borrowable items, each item having a radio frequency identification device mounted thereon, the radio frequency identification device having a unique identification code; a processing unit coupled to a database containing an indication of the location of each library item, and to a borrowing location, a borrowed item returning location and a returned item sorting location; wherein the borrowed item returning location comprises a receptacle into which the borrowed item may be inserted, the receptacle comprising an antenna which detects an insertion of a library item having a radio frequency identification device mounted thereon, the borrowed item returning location, in response to the insertion of a library item into the receptacle, detecting the identification code and sending the identification code corresponding to the returned library item to the processing unit, the processing unit, in response to the received identification code, updating the information on the database relating to the returned library item to indicate that the returned library item has been returned to the library.
  • An advantage of the invention is that by having a library system in which radio frequency identification devices are mounted on the items in the library which may be borrowed, it is possible to detect when the borrowed items are returned to the library as soon as they enter a designated area.
  • the radio frequency identification device may also be used as a security feature, such that if it is attempted to remove a library item from the library or from an area within the library without authorisation this is detected by the processing unit which generates an alert signal which may be visual or audio.
  • the returning location when the returning location detects that a library item has been inserted into the receptacle, the returning location also sends a signal to the processing unit to indicate the location to which the item has been returned.
  • the library system further comprises a conveying mechanism between the returning location and the sorting location, the conveying mechanism conveying returned items from the receptacle to the sorting location.
  • the sorting station comprises a radio frequency identification device reader which detects a library item to be sorted in the sorting station and sends an identification signal corresponding to the item to be sorted to the processing unit, in response to which the processing unit displays on a display device in the sorting location, sorting information to enable an operator in the sorting location to identify the location to which the library item is to be returned.
  • a radio frequency identification device reader which detects a library item to be sorted in the sorting station and sends an identification signal corresponding to the item to be sorted to the processing unit, in response to which the processing unit displays on a display device in the sorting location, sorting information to enable an operator in the sorting location to identify the location to which the library item is to be returned.
  • the processing unit may send a signal to an automated sorting unit, in response to the identification signal, to instruct the automated sorting unit to sort the library item to the correct location to which it is to be returned.
  • the borrowing location comprises a radio frequency identification device reader which reads the radio frequency identification device on a library item which a user wishes to borrow and the borrowing location sends the identification signal relating to that library item and an identification signal relating to the borrower to the processing unit, and the processing unit updates the database with the identification information relating to that library item and the borrower to show that the item has been borrowed by that borrower.
  • a number of returning stations may be located at different geographical locations which may be within or without the library premises.
  • a monitoring system comprises a number of items to be monitored, each monitored item having a radio frequency identification device having a unique identification code, mounted thereon; and a number of radio frequency identification device readers located within an area to be monitored; a processing unit coupled to a database containing an indication of the location of each item within the area and to each of the radio frequency identification device readers; whereby the processing unit instructs the radio frequency identification device readers to periodically perform a scan operation to identify all the items within the vicinity of each reader and to send the identification codes of each item located to the processing unit, the processing unit, in response to the received identification codes from each reader, identify the location of each item located within the area and updating the database accordingly.
  • the processing unit may display a message to an operator of the system that an item is in the incorrect location if the processing unit detects that an item is in a location other than its correct location.
  • the database contains information on each item, including unique identification information, the correct location of the item within the area and the actual location of the item.
  • the monitoring system is a library monitoring system and the items are library items.
  • the area to be monitored is a library.
  • the actual location may be a location within the library which may or may not be the correct location or a location outside the library, such as that the item has been borrowed by a user of the library.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram showing a library monitoring system
  • Figure 2 is a perspective view of a borrowing station for use with the library system shown in Figure 1;
  • Figure 3 is a schematic view of a returning station for use with library shown in Figure 1;
  • Figure 4 is a schematic view of a sorting station for use with the library system shown in Figure 1.
  • Figure 1 shows a library system which includes a host computer 1 which is connected to a number of returning stations (or bookdrops) 2, a number of borrowing stations 3, two counter stations 4 and a sorting station 5.
  • the host computer 1 is also connected to a local server 6 and a supervisory computer 7.
  • the library system also includes a conveyor system 8 which transports library items, such as books, videos, CDs or cassette tapes, from the returning station 2 to the sorting station 5.
  • library items such as books, videos, CDs or cassette tapes
  • Each of the returning station 2, the sorting station 5, the borrowing station 3 and the counter station 4 are connected to a radio frequency identification device reader 9 and a reader antenna 10.
  • each of the borrowing station 3 and the counter station 4 are coupled to a mini printer 11 and a barcode reader 12.
  • Each item in the library has a radio frequency identification device (RFID tag) mounted on it.
  • RFID tag radio frequency identification device
  • the borrowing stations 3 are shown in more detail in Figure 2.
  • Figure 2 shows that the borrowing station 3 includes a housing 20 and also includes a pentium personal computer (PC) 21 which is connected to a visual display unit 22 and a key pad 23.
  • the antenna 10, the reader 9, the mini printer 11 and the barcode reader 12 are also mounted within the housing 20 and are coupled to the pentium PC 21.
  • the antenna 10 is located on a desk surface 24 which forms part of the housing 20.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic diagram showing a return station 2 which includes a personal computer (PC) 30 which is coupled to the reader 9 which is in turn connected to the antenna 10 and a visual display unit 31 connected to the PC 30.
  • PC personal computer
  • the antenna 10 is located within a chute 32 across which books pass after being inserted through a book slot 33 from the other side of the book slot 33 by a user returning a book 34 to the library.
  • the conveyor system 8 is located at the bottom of the chute 32 such that books pass across the chute 32 and onto the surface of the conveyor system 8. The conveyor system 8 then transports return the books 34 to the sorting station 5.
  • the sorting station 5 is shown in more detail in Figure 4.
  • the sorting station 5 includes a visual display unit 31 and a PC 30.
  • the PC 30 is connected to the reader 9 and the reader is connected to the antenna 10.
  • Books arrive at the sorting station 5 via the conveyor system 8 and the books 34 drop into a receiving bin 35.
  • the books are then removed from the receiving bin 35 by an operator 36 and passed across the antenna 10 to permit scanning of the RFID located on the book 34 by the reader 9.
  • the PC receives identification information concerning the book 34 being scanned from the reader 9 and passes the identification information to the host computer 1.
  • the host computer 1 determines the correct location of the book 34 being scanned and illuminates a light 36 on a sorting compartment to indicate the area of the library in which the book 34 is to be returned to.
  • the operator 36 places the book 34 in the correct compartment for return to the correct section of the library.
  • a user may borrow a book 34 from the library by inserting the library membership card or identity card into the barcode reader 12.
  • the borrowing station 3 may incorporate a multilingual interface which permits a user to select which language they wish the borrowing station to use for communicating with them during the borrowing procedure.
  • the borrowing station After inserting the library membership card or identity card, the borrowing station displays instruction on the screen and at the correct point in the borrowing procedure, the user places the book 34 above the RFID antenna 10 on the surface 24. A receipt is printed by the mini-printer 11 as each book is scanned.
  • the PC 21 with the identification information for the book 34 from the reader 9 and the identification information of the borrower from the barcode reader 12, passes this information to the host computer 1 to permit the host computer 1 to update a database to indicate that the book borrowed is now located with the borrower corresponding to the borrower's identification card.
  • the user has finished scanning all the books they wish to borrow they remove the library card or identity card which activates a cutter (not shown) in the mini-printer to cut the receipt and the receipt of books borrowed is dispensed to the user.
  • the user may present the book to one of the counter stations to enable the book to be scanned by a member of the library staff as being borrowed by that user.
  • the user When a user wishes to return the book 34, the user goes to a returning station 2 and drops the book 34 through the book slot 33.
  • the book 34 then passes over the RFID antenna 10 in the chute 32 on its way to the conveyor system 8.
  • the PC 30 reads the identification code of that book from the reader 9 and passes identification information to the host computer 1.
  • the host computer 1 then updates its database to indicate that the book 34 dropped through the book slot 33 is now located in the library.
  • the host computer 1 can allocate a number of different locations to the book 34 such that when the book 34 enters the book slot 33 the book is entered in the computer database as being located at the returning station 2.
  • the computer can update the database to indicate that the book 34 has been sorted and is located in a sorting compartment.
  • antennas 10 and readers 9 may be located throughout the library. These readers 9 may be interrogated periodically by the host computer 1 to determine all the books 34 in the vicinity of that particular reader 9 and update the database with the locations of the books detected in the vicinity of that reader. This has the advantage of permitting the location of all the books 34 in the library to be maintained on a virtually real time basis.
  • the same library system may be used with any other item which may be borrowed from a library, such as compact discs, cassette tapes and videos.
  • this system has the advantage that returning stations may be located outside the library itself and provided that the PC 30 is connected to the host computer 1 by a suitable communication link, the host computer 1 can determine the location of the bookdrop in which a book 34 has been returned. It is possible that certain bookdrops outside of the library may not be connected to the library by a conveyor mechanism 8 in which case the books may be collected manually, for example, by delivery van or courier, or other collection agencies to return the books to the library.
  • Advantages of the invention are that by using an RFID based system it is not necessary to manually scan each book during borrowing of the book, returning of the book and sorting of the book.
  • the RFID tag can also be used as a security device to minimise the risk of books being removed from the library without authorisation.
  • the security feature is deactivated when a user borrows a book at a borrowing station 3 and is reactivated when the book is returned to the library, either at a returning station 2 or a sorting station 5.
  • This security feature can be enable by using a memory location within an ' EEPROM in the RFID tag.
  • a typical EEPROM in a RFID tag will have a 128 bit memory. Approximately 75% of the memory locations are used to identify the library item. For example, if the library item is a book the identification information may include the Dewey decimal number and/or the Library of Congress classification and the library branch code to which the book belongs.
  • One of the remaining memory bits is allocated to indicate whether the removal of the library item from the library has been authorised. Hence, if the memory location contains a "0" it indicates that removal from the library has not been authorised. However, if the memory location contains a "1" it indicates that removal from the library (for example, by an authorised user borrowing the book) has been authorised. Hence, if a person tries to remove a book from the library which has not been officially borrowed, a scanner at or adjacent to the exit of the library detects the "0" in the security memory location of the EEPROM and triggers an alarm. If the scanner detects a "1" in the security memory location of the EEPROM, the system knows the book has been officially borrowed and no alarm sounds.
  • This feature operates by the scanner in the borrowing station 3 writing a "1" to the memory location when an item is borrowed, and the scanner in the returning station 2 writing a "0" to the memory location when the book is returned to reactivate the security feature.
  • Suitable RFID tags that may be mounted on the books 34 are tags such as those manufactured by Motorola Indala Corporation, such as the mini disk tag model IT-52E or the high stress tag model IT-54E.
  • Suitable readers 9 that may be used with the library system include Motorola Indala Corporation readers such as the IR-24E or the IR-36E long range reader, the IR-50E general purpose reader or the IR-12E compact reader.
  • hand held readers such as those manufactured by Motorola Indala Corporation, such as the IR-200E Geo Technology reader and the IR-2E focus point reader and the IR-100E portable reader, may be used for portable applications, such as manual scanning of books if necessary.

Abstract

A library monitoring system includes a number of borrowable items. Each item has a radio frequency identification device mounted thereon and the radio frequency identification device has a unique identification code. A processing unit (1) is coupled to a database containing an indication of the location of each library item and is also coupled to a borrowing location (3), a borrowed item returning location (2) and the returned item sorting location (5). The borrowed item returning location (2) includes a receptacle (32, 33) into which the borrowed item (34) is inserted. The receptacle (32, 33) includes an antenna (10) which detects an insertion of library item (34) having a radio frequency identification device mounted thereon. The borrowed item returning location (2) responds to the insertion of a library item (34) into the receptacle (32, 33) detects the identification code and sends the identification code corresponding to the returned library item (34) to the processing unit (1). The processing unit (1) responds to the received identification code, updates the information on the database relating to the returned library item (34) to indicate that the returned library item (34) has been returned to the library.

Description

A MONITORING SYSTEM
The invention relates to a monitoring system, and especially, a system to identify and monitor the location of library items, such as books.
Existing library identification and tracking systems generally use a combination of a barcode system to track the location of an item being borrowed and a magnetic strip as a security device to prevent unauthorised removal of an item from the library. The disadvantages of this conventional system are that the barcodes require each book to be individually opened and the bar code scanned when the user wishes to borrow a book and for the books to be individually scanned again when they are returned. In addition, the deactivation of the magnetic strip when the item is borrowed and reactivation of the magnetic strip when it is returned are additional separate operations which are required.
As this is a labour intensive process, a number of libraries have commenced use of bookdrop bins in which users may deposit, returned books in a designated bin which is periodically emptied and the books returned are scanned when the bin is emptied not when the book is returned. Hence, this has the disadvantage that a book which is returned to the library and is in a bookdrop is not recorded in the library system as actually being returned until after the bookdrop bin has been emptied and the books scanned. Hence, with the conventional system there are inaccuracies in the record system maintained by the library and it is not a real time reflection of the books that are located on the library premises .
In addition, a user can only borrow a certain number of books. If that number of books have been deposited in a bookdrop, the borrower is unable to borrow any further books until after the books deposited in the bookdrop have been scanned as being returned. For example, the total number of books which may be borrowed by a user may be limited to four.
There is also the additional disadvantage that sorting of the books must all be performed manually prior to returning the books to the correct location.
In accordance with a first aspect of the present invention, a library monitoring system comprises a number of borrowable items, each item having a radio frequency identification device mounted thereon, the radio frequency identification device having a unique identification code; a processing unit coupled to a database containing an indication of the location of each library item, and to a borrowing location, a borrowed item returning location and a returned item sorting location; wherein the borrowed item returning location comprises a receptacle into which the borrowed item may be inserted, the receptacle comprising an antenna which detects an insertion of a library item having a radio frequency identification device mounted thereon, the borrowed item returning location, in response to the insertion of a library item into the receptacle, detecting the identification code and sending the identification code corresponding to the returned library item to the processing unit, the processing unit, in response to the received identification code, updating the information on the database relating to the returned library item to indicate that the returned library item has been returned to the library.
An advantage of the invention is that by having a library system in which radio frequency identification devices are mounted on the items in the library which may be borrowed, it is possible to detect when the borrowed items are returned to the library as soon as they enter a designated area.
Typically, the radio frequency identification device may also be used as a security feature, such that if it is attempted to remove a library item from the library or from an area within the library without authorisation this is detected by the processing unit which generates an alert signal which may be visual or audio.
Preferably, when the returning location detects that a library item has been inserted into the receptacle, the returning location also sends a signal to the processing unit to indicate the location to which the item has been returned.
Preferably, the library system further comprises a conveying mechanism between the returning location and the sorting location, the conveying mechanism conveying returned items from the receptacle to the sorting location.
Preferably, the sorting station comprises a radio frequency identification device reader which detects a library item to be sorted in the sorting station and sends an identification signal corresponding to the item to be sorted to the processing unit, in response to which the processing unit displays on a display device in the sorting location, sorting information to enable an operator in the sorting location to identify the location to which the library item is to be returned.
Alternatively, the processing unit may send a signal to an automated sorting unit, in response to the identification signal, to instruct the automated sorting unit to sort the library item to the correct location to which it is to be returned.
Preferably, the borrowing location comprises a radio frequency identification device reader which reads the radio frequency identification device on a library item which a user wishes to borrow and the borrowing location sends the identification signal relating to that library item and an identification signal relating to the borrower to the processing unit, and the processing unit updates the database with the identification information relating to that library item and the borrower to show that the item has been borrowed by that borrower. Typically, a number of returning stations may be located at different geographical locations which may be within or without the library premises.
Preferably, there may be a number of borrowing stations and typically, all the borrowing stations are located within the library premises.
In accordance with a second aspect of the present invention, a monitoring system comprises a number of items to be monitored, each monitored item having a radio frequency identification device having a unique identification code, mounted thereon; and a number of radio frequency identification device readers located within an area to be monitored; a processing unit coupled to a database containing an indication of the location of each item within the area and to each of the radio frequency identification device readers; whereby the processing unit instructs the radio frequency identification device readers to periodically perform a scan operation to identify all the items within the vicinity of each reader and to send the identification codes of each item located to the processing unit, the processing unit, in response to the received identification codes from each reader, identify the location of each item located within the area and updating the database accordingly.
Preferably, the processing unit may display a message to an operator of the system that an item is in the incorrect location if the processing unit detects that an item is in a location other than its correct location.
Preferably, the database contains information on each item, including unique identification information, the correct location of the item within the area and the actual location of the item.
Preferably, in the second aspect of the invention, the monitoring system is a library monitoring system and the items are library items. Typically, the area to be monitored is a library.
Typically, the actual location may be a location within the library which may or may not be the correct location or a location outside the library, such as that the item has been borrowed by a user of the library.
An example of a library monitoring system in accordance with the invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings in which :-
Figure 1 is a schematic diagram showing a library monitoring system;
Figure 2 is a perspective view of a borrowing station for use with the library system shown in Figure 1;
Figure 3 is a schematic view of a returning station for use with library shown in Figure 1; and,
Figure 4 is a schematic view of a sorting station for use with the library system shown in Figure 1. Figure 1 shows a library system which includes a host computer 1 which is connected to a number of returning stations (or bookdrops) 2, a number of borrowing stations 3, two counter stations 4 and a sorting station 5. In addition, the host computer 1 is also connected to a local server 6 and a supervisory computer 7.
The library system also includes a conveyor system 8 which transports library items, such as books, videos, CDs or cassette tapes, from the returning station 2 to the sorting station 5. Each of the returning station 2, the sorting station 5, the borrowing station 3 and the counter station 4 are connected to a radio frequency identification device reader 9 and a reader antenna 10. In addition, each of the borrowing station 3 and the counter station 4 are coupled to a mini printer 11 and a barcode reader 12.
Each item in the library has a radio frequency identification device (RFID tag) mounted on it.
The borrowing stations 3 are shown in more detail in Figure 2. Figure 2 shows that the borrowing station 3 includes a housing 20 and also includes a pentium personal computer (PC) 21 which is connected to a visual display unit 22 and a key pad 23. In addition, the antenna 10, the reader 9, the mini printer 11 and the barcode reader 12 are also mounted within the housing 20 and are coupled to the pentium PC 21. The antenna 10 is located on a desk surface 24 which forms part of the housing 20. Figure 3 is a schematic diagram showing a return station 2 which includes a personal computer (PC) 30 which is coupled to the reader 9 which is in turn connected to the antenna 10 and a visual display unit 31 connected to the PC 30. The antenna 10 is located within a chute 32 across which books pass after being inserted through a book slot 33 from the other side of the book slot 33 by a user returning a book 34 to the library. The conveyor system 8 is located at the bottom of the chute 32 such that books pass across the chute 32 and onto the surface of the conveyor system 8. The conveyor system 8 then transports return the books 34 to the sorting station 5.
The sorting station 5 is shown in more detail in Figure 4. The sorting station 5 includes a visual display unit 31 and a PC 30. The PC 30 is connected to the reader 9 and the reader is connected to the antenna 10. Books arrive at the sorting station 5 via the conveyor system 8 and the books 34 drop into a receiving bin 35. The books are then removed from the receiving bin 35 by an operator 36 and passed across the antenna 10 to permit scanning of the RFID located on the book 34 by the reader 9. The PC receives identification information concerning the book 34 being scanned from the reader 9 and passes the identification information to the host computer 1. The host computer 1 determines the correct location of the book 34 being scanned and illuminates a light 36 on a sorting compartment to indicate the area of the library in which the book 34 is to be returned to. The operator 36 places the book 34 in the correct compartment for return to the correct section of the library.
In use, a user may borrow a book 34 from the library by inserting the library membership card or identity card into the barcode reader 12. For multilingual use the borrowing station 3 may incorporate a multilingual interface which permits a user to select which language they wish the borrowing station to use for communicating with them during the borrowing procedure.
After inserting the library membership card or identity card, the borrowing station displays instruction on the screen and at the correct point in the borrowing procedure, the user places the book 34 above the RFID antenna 10 on the surface 24. A receipt is printed by the mini-printer 11 as each book is scanned. The PC 21 with the identification information for the book 34 from the reader 9 and the identification information of the borrower from the barcode reader 12, passes this information to the host computer 1 to permit the host computer 1 to update a database to indicate that the book borrowed is now located with the borrower corresponding to the borrower's identification card. When the user has finished scanning all the books they wish to borrow they remove the library card or identity card which activates a cutter (not shown) in the mini-printer to cut the receipt and the receipt of books borrowed is dispensed to the user.
Alternatively, the user may present the book to one of the counter stations to enable the book to be scanned by a member of the library staff as being borrowed by that user.
When a user wishes to return the book 34, the user goes to a returning station 2 and drops the book 34 through the book slot 33. The book 34 then passes over the RFID antenna 10 in the chute 32 on its way to the conveyor system 8. As the book 34 passes over the antenna 10 in the chute 32, the PC 30 reads the identification code of that book from the reader 9 and passes identification information to the host computer 1. The host computer 1 then updates its database to indicate that the book 34 dropped through the book slot 33 is now located in the library.
In addition, the host computer 1 can allocate a number of different locations to the book 34 such that when the book 34 enters the book slot 33 the book is entered in the computer database as being located at the returning station 2. When the book 34 is scanned at the sorting station the computer can update the database to indicate that the book 34 has been sorted and is located in a sorting compartment.
In addition, antennas 10 and readers 9 may be located throughout the library. These readers 9 may be interrogated periodically by the host computer 1 to determine all the books 34 in the vicinity of that particular reader 9 and update the database with the locations of the books detected in the vicinity of that reader. This has the advantage of permitting the location of all the books 34 in the library to be maintained on a virtually real time basis. In addition to books, the same library system may be used with any other item which may be borrowed from a library, such as compact discs, cassette tapes and videos.
In addition, this system has the advantage that returning stations may be located outside the library itself and provided that the PC 30 is connected to the host computer 1 by a suitable communication link, the host computer 1 can determine the location of the bookdrop in which a book 34 has been returned. It is possible that certain bookdrops outside of the library may not be connected to the library by a conveyor mechanism 8 in which case the books may be collected manually, for example, by delivery van or courier, or other collection agencies to return the books to the library.
Advantages of the invention are that by using an RFID based system it is not necessary to manually scan each book during borrowing of the book, returning of the book and sorting of the book.
In addition, the RFID tag can also be used as a security device to minimise the risk of books being removed from the library without authorisation. Typically, the security feature is deactivated when a user borrows a book at a borrowing station 3 and is reactivated when the book is returned to the library, either at a returning station 2 or a sorting station 5. This security feature can be enable by using a memory location within an' EEPROM in the RFID tag. For example, a typical EEPROM in a RFID tag will have a 128 bit memory. Approximately 75% of the memory locations are used to identify the library item. For example, if the library item is a book the identification information may include the Dewey decimal number and/or the Library of Congress classification and the library branch code to which the book belongs. One of the remaining memory bits is allocated to indicate whether the removal of the library item from the library has been authorised. Hence, if the memory location contains a "0" it indicates that removal from the library has not been authorised. However, if the memory location contains a "1" it indicates that removal from the library (for example, by an authorised user borrowing the book) has been authorised. Hence, if a person tries to remove a book from the library which has not been officially borrowed, a scanner at or adjacent to the exit of the library detects the "0" in the security memory location of the EEPROM and triggers an alarm. If the scanner detects a "1" in the security memory location of the EEPROM, the system knows the book has been officially borrowed and no alarm sounds.
This feature operates by the scanner in the borrowing station 3 writing a "1" to the memory location when an item is borrowed, and the scanner in the returning station 2 writing a "0" to the memory location when the book is returned to reactivate the security feature.
Suitable RFID tags that may be mounted on the books 34 are tags such as those manufactured by Motorola Indala Corporation, such as the mini disk tag model IT-52E or the high stress tag model IT-54E. Suitable readers 9 that may be used with the library system include Motorola Indala Corporation readers such as the IR-24E or the IR-36E long range reader, the IR-50E general purpose reader or the IR-12E compact reader.
In addition, hand held readers such as those manufactured by Motorola Indala Corporation, such as the IR-200E Geo Technology reader and the IR-2E focus point reader and the IR-100E portable reader, may be used for portable applications, such as manual scanning of books if necessary.

Claims

1. A library monitoring system comprising a number of borrowable items, each item having a radio frequency identification device mounted thereon, the radio frequency identification device having a unique identification code; a processing unit coupled to a 'database containing an indication of the location of each library item, and to a borrowing location, a borrowed item returning location and a returned item sorting location; wherein the borrowed item returning location comprises a receptacle into which the borrowed item may be inserted, the receptacle comprising an antenna which detects an insertion of a library item having a radio frequency identification device mounted thereon, the borrowed item returning location, in response to the insertion of a library item into the receptacle, detecting the identification code and sending the identification code corresponding to the returned library item to the processing unit, the processing unit, in response to the received identification code, updating the information on the database relating to the returned library item to indicate that the returned library item has been returned to the library.
2. A system according to claim 1, wherein the returning location also sends a signal to the processing unit to indicate the location to which the item has been returned when the returning location detects that the library item has been inserted into the receptacle.
3. A library monitoring system according to claim 1 or claim 2, further comprising a conveying mechanism between the returning location and the sorting location, the conveying mechanism conveying returned items from the receptacle to the sorting location.
4. A system according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the sorting station comprises a radio frequency identification device reader which detects a library item to be sorted in the sorting station and sends an identification signal corresponding to the item to be sorted to the processing unit, in response to which the processing unit displays on a display device in the sorting location, information to enable an operator in the sorting location to identify the location to which the library item is to be returned.
5. A system according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the borrowing location comprises a radio frequency identification device reader which reads the radio frequency identification device on a library item which the user wishes to borrow and the borrowing location sends the identification signal relating to that library item and the identification signal relating to the borrower to the processing unit, and the processing unit updates the database with identification information relating to that library item and the borrower just show that the item has been borrowed by that borrower.
6. A system according to claim 5, wherein the borrowing station writes a borrowed code to a memory device within the radio frequency identification device after reading the radio frequency identification device and the returning location writes a returned code to the memory device within the radio frequency identification device in response to insertion of a library item into the receptacle.
7. A system according to any of the preceding claims, wherein a number of returning stations are located at different geographical locations.
8. A system according to any of the preceding claims, wherein a number of borrowing stations are provided within the library.
9. A monitoring system comprising a number of items to be monitored, each monitored item having a radio frequency identification device having a unique identification code, mounted thereon; and a number of radio frequency identification device readers located within an area to be monitored; a processing unit coupled to a database containing an indication of the location of each item within the area and to each of the radio frequency identification device readers; whereby the processing unit instructs the radio frequency identification device readers to periodically perform a scan operation to identify all the items within the vicinity of each reader and to send the identification codes of each item located to the processing unit, the processing unit, in response to the received identification codes from each reader, identify the location of each item located within the area and updating the database accordingly.
10. A system according to claim 9, wherein the processing unit displays a message to an operator of the system that an item is in an incorrect location if the processing unit detects that an item is in the location other than its correct location.
11. A system according to claim 9 or claim 10, wherein the database contains information on each item, including unique identification information, the correct location of the item within the area and the actual location of the item.
12. A system according to any of claims 9 to 11, wherein the monitoring system is a library monitoring system and the items are library items.
PCT/SG1998/000041 1998-06-08 1998-06-08 A monitoring system WO1999064974A1 (en)

Priority Applications (21)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
RU2000133230/09A RU2196355C2 (en) 1998-06-08 1998-06-08 Monitoring system
PCT/SG1998/000041 WO1999064974A1 (en) 1998-06-08 1998-06-08 A monitoring system
EEP200000736A EE200000736A (en) 1998-06-08 1998-06-08 Library monitoring system
CZ20004600A CZ298902B6 (en) 1998-06-08 1998-06-08 Monitoring system
NZ508713A NZ508713A (en) 1998-06-08 1998-06-08 A library book monitoring system
CA002334488A CA2334488C (en) 1998-06-08 1998-06-08 A monitoring system
AU77947/98A AU754896B2 (en) 1998-06-08 1998-06-08 A monitoring system
IL14003698A IL140036A0 (en) 1998-06-08 1998-06-08 A monitoring system
KR10-2000-7013853A KR100460759B1 (en) 1998-06-08 1998-06-08 A monitoring system
CNB988141477A CN100392664C (en) 1998-06-08 1998-06-08 Monitoring system
EP98926019A EP1084477A1 (en) 1998-06-08 1998-06-08 A monitoring system
PL98344647A PL344647A1 (en) 1998-06-08 1998-06-08 A monitoring system
JP2000553908A JP2002517865A (en) 1998-06-08 1998-06-08 Monitoring system
BR9815965-8A BR9815965A (en) 1998-06-08 1998-06-08 Monitoring system
IDW20002567A ID29288A (en) 1998-06-08 1998-06-08 SUPERVISION SYSTEM
SK1864-2000A SK18642000A3 (en) 1998-06-08 1998-06-08 A monitoring system
MYPI99002300A MY124672A (en) 1998-06-08 1999-06-07 A monitoring system
TW088109657A TW437194B (en) 1998-06-08 1999-06-08 A monitoring system
IL140036A IL140036A (en) 1998-06-08 2000-12-01 Library monitoring system including a number of borrowable items
NO20006207A NO320905B1 (en) 1998-06-08 2000-12-06 Overvakningssystem
US09/733,701 US6704690B2 (en) 1998-06-08 2000-12-08 Monitoring system

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CA (1) CA2334488C (en)
CZ (1) CZ298902B6 (en)
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WO2002047077A2 (en) * 2000-12-04 2002-06-13 3M Innovative Properties Company ARTICLE STORAGE AND RETRIEVAL SYSTEM FOR AN AUTOMATIC LiBRARY
JP2004531796A (en) * 2001-02-21 2004-10-14 スリーエム イノベイティブ プロパティズ カンパニー Evidence and inventory tracking for law enforcement
EP1239479A1 (en) * 2001-03-06 2002-09-11 Hewlett-Packard Company Apparatus and method for retrieving data from information cartridge
US6523749B2 (en) 2001-03-06 2003-02-25 Hewlett-Packard Company Apparatus and method for retrieving data cartridge information external to a media storage system
WO2002095695A1 (en) * 2001-05-04 2002-11-28 Kvalheim As Device for storing and disposing articles for withdrawal
EP1256910A1 (en) * 2001-05-07 2002-11-13 Trion AG Marking an deposit item
WO2002091313A1 (en) * 2001-05-07 2002-11-14 Trion Ag Marking a deposit item
EP1710728A3 (en) * 2001-06-05 2008-06-11 3M Innovative Properties Company Radio frequency identification in document management
EP1710728A2 (en) * 2001-06-05 2006-10-11 3M Innovative Properties Company Radio frequency identification in document management
EP1398738A1 (en) * 2002-09-16 2004-03-17 Trion AG Return device for articles with return deposit or lent articles
WO2004025579A1 (en) * 2002-09-16 2004-03-25 Trion Ag Return station for refundable or borrowed objects
GB2423178A (en) * 2005-02-11 2006-08-16 Nortel Networks Ltd Use of location awareness to detect potentially suspicious motion or presence of equipment in a healthcare environment.
US8929528B2 (en) 2005-02-11 2015-01-06 Rockstar Consortium Us Lp Method and system for enhancing collaboration
US8050939B2 (en) 2005-02-11 2011-11-01 Avaya Inc. Methods and systems for use in the provision of services in an institutional setting such as a healthcare facility
US7676380B2 (en) 2005-02-11 2010-03-09 Nortel Networks Limited Use of location awareness to establish and suspend communications sessions in a healthcare environment
US7707044B2 (en) 2005-02-11 2010-04-27 Avaya Inc. Use of location awareness to transfer communications sessions between terminals in a healthcare environment
GB2423178B (en) * 2005-02-11 2010-05-05 Nortel Networks Ltd Use of location awareness to detect potentially suspicious motion or presence of equipment in a healthcare environment
US7801743B2 (en) 2005-02-11 2010-09-21 Avaya Inc. Use of location awareness of establish communications with a target clinician in a healthcare environment
US7966008B2 (en) 2005-02-11 2011-06-21 Avaya Inc. Use of location awareness to control radio frequency interference in a healthcare environment
US8180650B2 (en) 2005-02-11 2012-05-15 Avaya Inc. Use of location awareness to request assistance for a medical event occurring in a healthcare environment
US7413124B2 (en) 2005-07-19 2008-08-19 3M Innovative Properties Company RFID reader supporting one-touch search functionality
US7411500B2 (en) 2005-09-14 2008-08-12 3M Innovative Properties Company Methods of monitoring items or material from manufacturing processes
US8040246B2 (en) 2007-12-04 2011-10-18 Avaya Inc. Systems and methods for facilitating a first response mission at an incident scene
US8054177B2 (en) 2007-12-04 2011-11-08 Avaya Inc. Systems and methods for facilitating a first response mission at an incident scene using patient monitoring
US7999741B2 (en) 2007-12-04 2011-08-16 Avaya Inc. Systems and methods for facilitating a first response mission at an incident scene using precision location
US8589176B2 (en) 2007-12-05 2013-11-19 Avaya, Inc. Methods and systems for managing communication requests in an institutional setting such as a healthcare facility
AU2010212512B2 (en) * 2010-08-24 2016-03-24 Fe Technologies Pty Ltd A return system
CN110910564A (en) * 2019-12-02 2020-03-24 辽宁科技学院 Integrated book processing device capable of returning books, sorting and sterilizing by self
US11057689B1 (en) 2020-12-10 2021-07-06 Elliot Klein Docking station accessory device for connecting electronic module devices to a package

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WO1999064974A8 (en) 2002-02-07
RU2196355C2 (en) 2003-01-10
TW437194B (en) 2001-05-28
CA2334488A1 (en) 1999-12-16
NO320905B1 (en) 2006-02-13
IL140036A (en) 2006-06-11
NO20006207L (en) 2001-02-08
MY124672A (en) 2006-06-30
ID29288A (en) 2001-08-16
CN1307706A (en) 2001-08-08
EE200000736A (en) 2002-06-17
AU754896B2 (en) 2002-11-28
IL140036A0 (en) 2002-02-10
WO1999064974B1 (en) 2000-02-10
EP1084477A1 (en) 2001-03-21
JP2002517865A (en) 2002-06-18
KR100460759B1 (en) 2004-12-09
CN100392664C (en) 2008-06-04
CZ20004600A3 (en) 2001-07-11
CZ298902B6 (en) 2008-03-05
NO20006207D0 (en) 2000-12-06
CA2334488C (en) 2005-05-03
BR9815965A (en) 2004-06-08
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SK18642000A3 (en) 2001-09-11
AU7794798A (en) 1999-12-30

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