WO1999067609B1 - Optical network monitor - Google Patents

Optical network monitor

Info

Publication number
WO1999067609B1
WO1999067609B1 PCT/US1999/014301 US9914301W WO9967609B1 WO 1999067609 B1 WO1999067609 B1 WO 1999067609B1 US 9914301 W US9914301 W US 9914301W WO 9967609 B1 WO9967609 B1 WO 9967609B1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
optical
detector array
network monitor
optical network
signal
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US1999/014301
Other languages
French (fr)
Other versions
WO1999067609A1 (en
Inventor
Sami T Hendow
Original Assignee
Ditech Corp
Sami T Hendow
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ditech Corp, Sami T Hendow filed Critical Ditech Corp
Priority to AU48306/99A priority Critical patent/AU4830699A/en
Publication of WO1999067609A1 publication Critical patent/WO1999067609A1/en
Publication of WO1999067609B1 publication Critical patent/WO1999067609B1/en
Priority to US10/967,483 priority patent/US7006765B2/en

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
    • H04J14/00—Optical multiplex systems
    • H04J14/02—Wavelength-division multiplex systems
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
    • G01J3/28—Investigating the spectrum
    • G01J3/30—Measuring the intensity of spectral lines directly on the spectrum itself
    • G01J3/36—Investigating two or more bands of a spectrum by separate detectors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/07—Arrangements for monitoring or testing transmission systems; Arrangements for fault measurement of transmission systems
    • H04B10/075—Arrangements for monitoring or testing transmission systems; Arrangements for fault measurement of transmission systems using an in-service signal
    • H04B10/077—Arrangements for monitoring or testing transmission systems; Arrangements for fault measurement of transmission systems using an in-service signal using a supervisory or additional signal
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/07—Arrangements for monitoring or testing transmission systems; Arrangements for fault measurement of transmission systems
    • H04B10/075—Arrangements for monitoring or testing transmission systems; Arrangements for fault measurement of transmission systems using an in-service signal
    • H04B10/079—Arrangements for monitoring or testing transmission systems; Arrangements for fault measurement of transmission systems using an in-service signal using measurements of the data signal
    • H04B10/0795—Performance monitoring; Measurement of transmission parameters
    • H04B10/07955—Monitoring or measuring power
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04Q—SELECTING
    • H04Q11/00—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems
    • H04Q11/0001—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems using optical switching
    • H04Q11/0062—Network aspects
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
    • H04J14/00—Optical multiplex systems
    • H04J14/02—Wavelength-division multiplex systems
    • H04J14/0201—Add-and-drop multiplexing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
    • H04J14/00—Optical multiplex systems
    • H04J14/02—Wavelength-division multiplex systems
    • H04J14/0221—Power control, e.g. to keep the total optical power constant
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04Q—SELECTING
    • H04Q11/00—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems
    • H04Q11/0001—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems using optical switching
    • H04Q11/0005—Switch and router aspects
    • H04Q2011/0037—Operation
    • H04Q2011/0049—Crosstalk reduction; Noise; Power budget
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04Q—SELECTING
    • H04Q11/00—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems
    • H04Q11/0001—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems using optical switching
    • H04Q11/0062—Network aspects
    • H04Q2011/0079—Operation or maintenance aspects
    • H04Q2011/0083—Testing; Monitoring

Abstract

An optical network monitor and a method for monitoring the optical signals of an optical network including a spectrograph (254) that includes a detector array (260), a processor (264) and output (272). The network monitor receives an optical input signal (252) which includes individual channels. The optical signal is transmitted onto the spectrograph which disperses the optical signal into the individual channels. The individual channels are directed onto the detector array so that the channels are spaced across the detector array. The detector array detects the channels in parallel and transmits to the processor channel parameter data which processes the parameter data through internal algorithms to produce the outputs.

Claims

AMENDED CLAIMS[received by the International Bureau on 5 February 2000 (05.02.00); original claims 1, 3-4, 6, 11, 16, 18, 28, 32-33, 41, 50, 53, 56-58 and 60 amended; remaing claims unchanged (10 pages)]
1. An optical network monitor for monitoring optical signals on an optical network, comprising: a spectrograph for receiving the optical signal from the optical network including individual channels, and dispersing the optical signal into the individual channels; a detector array including a plurality of detector elements positioned so that the channels are spaced across the detector array, whereby the detector array detects the channels in parallel and creates a detector output signal representative of the intensity of the optical signal for each channel.
2. The optical network monitor as claimed in Claim 1 , wherein: the detector array simultaneously detects the channels in parallel.
3. The optical network monitor as claimed in Claim 1, wherein: the spectrograph including at least one grating configured to disperse the optical signal into individual channels and onto the detector array.
4. The optical network monitor as claimed in Claim 1 , wherein: the spectrograph including the detector array is in a solid state module which has no moving parts and secured in a fixed position.
5. The optical network monitor as claimed in Claim 1, wherein: the spectrograph disperses the optical signal into individual channels onto the detector array so that the channels are spaced across the detector array in such a way that elements of the detector array receive a range of channels.
6. The optical network monitor as claimed in Claim 1, wherein: the spectrograph disperses the optical signal into channels about between 1525 nm and 1565 nm. -28-
7. The optical network monitor as claimed in Claim 1, which additionally includes a processing means for processing the detector output signal through internal algorithms to produce an output.
8. The optical network monitor as claimed in Claim 7, wherein: the processing means includes a digital signal processor and a microcontroller.
9. The optical network monitor as claimed in Claim 7, wherein: the processing means includes internal memory.
10. The optical network monitor as claimed in Claim 7, wherein: the network monitor includes memory external to the processing means and accessed by a microcontroller.
11. The optical network monitor as claimed in Claim 7, wherein: the network monitor includes memory external to the processing means and accessed by the processing means.
12. The optical network monitor as claimed in Claim 7, wherein: the internal algorithms include means for calibrating the outputs.
13. The optical network monitor as claimed in Claim 12, wherein: the means for calibrating the output includes removal of dark current from an element voltage.
14. The optical network monitor as claimed in Claim 12, wherein: the means for calibrating the output includes adjustment of an element voltage through a calibration table which includes a map of element voltage and element sequence number to optical power and wavelength. -29-
15. The optical network monitor as claimed in Claim 1, wherein: the detector output signal is an element voltage sampled from at least one element of the detector array.
16. The optical network monitor as claimed in Claim 1 , wherein: the spectrograph including the optical signal directed onto a means for collimating the signal which produces a collimated signal, the collimated signal directed onto a means for dispersing the collimated signal into dispersed channels, the dispersed channels are directed onto a means for focusing the dispersed channels across a linear detector array.
17. The optical network monitor as claimed in Claim 1 , wherein: the spectrograph including the optical signal directed through a collimator lens onto a grating which produces dispersed channels, the dispersed channels are dispersed across a linear detector array.
18. An optical network monitor for monitoring optical signals, comprising: a spectrograph for receiving the optical signal including individual wavelengths, and dispersing the optical signal into the individual wavelengths; and a detector array including a plurality of detector elements positioned so that the wavelengths are spaced across the detector array, whereby the detector array detects the wavelengths in parallel and creates a detector output signal representative of the intensity of the optical signal for the individual wavelengths.
19. The optical network monitor as claimed in Claim 18, wherein: the spectrograph disperses the optical signal into wavelengths onto the detector array so that the wavelengths are spaced across the detector array in such a way that each element of the detector array receives a range of wavelengths.
20. The optical network monitor as claimed in Claim 19, wherein: the wavelengths are spaced across the detector array in such a way that each element of the detector array receives a single wavelength. -30-
21. The optical network monitor as claimed in Claim 19, wherein: the range of wavelengths are limited between about 1290 nm to 1610 nm.
22. The optical network monitor as claimed in Claim 19, wherein: the range of wavelengths are limited between about 1560 nm to 1600 nm.
23. The optical network monitor as claimed in Claim 19, which additionally includes a processing means for processing the detector output signal through internal algorithms to produce an output.
24. The optical network monitor as claimed in Claim 23, wherein: the processing means includes a processor card to process the detector output through the internal algorithms
25. The optical network monitor as claimed in Claim 24, wherein: the internal algorithms digitize, condition and calibrate the measurements to produce the output.
26. The optical network monitor as claimed in Claim 23, wherein: the output includes a sequence of data points that represent the spectral profile of the optical signal.
27. The optical network monitor as claimed in Claim 23, wherein: the output includes an alarm if certain predetermined conditions are met.
28. A method for examining the spectral content of an optical signal from an optical network, comprising: projecting the optical signal from the optical network onto a spectrograph including at least one grating; separating the optical signal into ranges of wavelengths across a detector array; integrating the wavelengths creating an element voltage for each element of the detector array; -31-
processing the element voltage through a processor utilizing internal algorithms; and generating an output of the optical signal's profile parameters.
29. The method for examining the spectral content of an optical signal as claimed in Claim 28, wherein: creating the element voltage for each element including integrating the wavelengths across the detector array, sampling the integrated wavelengths creating the element voltage and clocking the element voltage out of the detector array.
30. The method for examining the spectral content of an optical signal as claimed in Claim 29, wherein: processing the element voltage including reducing noise fluctuation by generating an average of the element voltage.
31. The method for examining the spectral content of an optical signal as claimed in Claim 30, wherein: generating an average of the element voltage by integrating, sampling and converting from analog to digital the wavelengths dispersed across the detector array at least twice and averaging the element voltage.
32. The method for examining the spectral content of an optical signal as claimed in Claim 28, wherein: processing the element voltage including removing dark current.
33. The method for examining the spectral content of an optical signal as claimed in Claim 32, wherein: removing the dark current by calculating dark current utilizing stored parameters that model the dark current behavior for each element and deducting it.
34. The method for examining the spectral content of an optical signal as claimed in Claim 32, wherein: -32-
processing the element voltage by calculating channel power, signal to noise ratio and channel center wavelength.
35. The method for examining the spectral content of an optical signal as claimed in Claim 32, wherein: processing the element voltage by converting the element voltage to element power.
36. The method for examining the spectral content of an optical signal as claimed in Claim 35, wherein: calculating the channel power by summing the element power levels for at least one element for a given channel.
37. The method for examining the spectral content of an optical signal as claimed in Claim 36, wherein: calculating signal to noise ratio by dividing the channel power by noise at channel boundaries.
38. The method for examining the spectral content of an optical signal as claimed in Claim 36, wherein: calculating channel center wavelength using the element power for a given channel.
39. The method for examining the spectral content of an optical signal as claimed in Claim 38, wherein: calculating channel center wavelength using second-order correction.
40. The method for examining the spectral content of an optical signal as claimed in Claim 28, wherein: storing the output for future processing and performing a historical evaluation on the stored output. -33-
41. A spectrograph for use in analyzing optical data signals, comprising: a means for collimating the optical data signal to produce a collimated beam, a means for directing the collimated beam onto a means for dispersing the collimated signal into dispersed channels, a means for directing the dispersed channels onto a means for focusing the dispersed channels across a linear detector array.
42. The spectrograph as claimed in Claim 41 , wherein: the dispersed channels include wavelengths of a telecommunication band.
43. The spectrograph as claimed in Claim 42, wherein: the dispersed channels include wavelengths of 1300 nm to 1600 nm.
44. The spectrograph as claimed in Claim 41, wherein: the means for collimating the signal includes a collimating lens.
45. The spectrograph as claimed in Claim 41, wherein: the means for dispersing the collimated signal includes two gratings, wherein the means for directing the collimated signal directs the collimated signal onto a first grating to produce a dispersed beam, the first grating directs the dispersed beam onto the second grating to produce the dispersed channels, wherein the means for directing the dispersed channels directs the dispersed channels onto the means for focusing the dispersed channels .
46. The spectrograph as claimed in Claim 45, wherein: a means for reducing polarization dependent losses is positioned between the first grating and the second grating, wherein the dispersed beam passes through the means for reducing polarization dependent losses before contacting the second grating.
47. The spectrograph as claimed in Claim 46, wherein: the means for reducing polarization dependent losses includes a half- wave plate. -34-
48. The spectrograph as claimed in Claim 41, wherein: the dispersed channels are passed through a means for reducing polarization dependent losses.
49. The spectrograph as claimed in Claim 41, wherein: the means for focusing the dispersed channels includes a focusing lens.
50. A spectrograph for use in analyzing optical data signals, comprising: the optical signal directed through a collimator lens onto a grating which produces dispersed channels, the dispersed channels are dispersed across a linear detector array.
51. The spectrograph as claimed in Claim 50, wherein: a half- wave plate is disposed between the grating and the linear detector array such that the polarization dependent losses are reduced.
52. The spectrograph as claimed in Claim 51 , wherein: a second grating is disposed between the half-wave plate and the linear detector array to generate the dispersed channels.
53. A method of calibrating an optical network monitor for monitoring optical signals from an optical network, comprising: measuring dark current for elements of a linear detector array for a range of an integration time of interest; modeling the dark current of the array elements of the linear detector array; generating a calibration table of n.anped element voltage and element sequence number to optical power and wave'ength; and downloading the modeling of the dark current and the calibration table to a memory to be accesses by a processor of the optical network monitor during the monitoring of the optical signal from the optical network. -35-
54. The method of calibrating an optical network monitor as claimed in Claim 53, wherein: automatically creating the modeling of the dark current and the calibration table utilizing a computer program mechanism.
55. The method of calibrating an optical network monitor as claimed in Claim 51 , wherein: modeling the dark current for each element by a best-fit curve.
56. The method of calibrating an optical network monitor as claimed in Claim 53, wherein: generating the calibration table by projecting a light source across the elements; and performing a comparison with a reference optical and wavelength meter.
57. The method of calibrating an optical network monitor as claimed in Claim 53, wherein: generating the calibration table by projecting a light source across the elements; and performing a comparison with an optical network monitor.
58. A computer program product for automatically calibrating an optical network monitor for monitoring optical signals, the computer program product including a computer readable medium and a computer program mechanism stored thereon, the computer program mechanism comprising: a calibration procedure configured to: measure the dark current for elements of a linear detector array for a range of an integration time of interest; model the dark current of the elements; generate a calibration table of mapped element voltage and element sequence number to optical power and wavelength; and -36-
download the model of the dark current and the calibration table to a memory to be accesses by a processor of the optical network monitor during the monitoring of the optical signal.
59. A method of monitoring a communication network for the communication of optical signals at an intermediate node, comprising: tapping into a communication network at an intermediate node; receiving an optical signal from the communication network through a transceiver; projecting the optical signal onto an spectrograph including gratings; separating the optical signal into ranges of wavelengths across a detector array; integrating the wavelengths on the detector array creating a element voltage for each element of the detector array; converting the element voltage from an analog domain to a digital domain; processing the element voltage through a processor utilizing internal algorithms; generating an output of the optical signal's profile parameters; communicating the output of the optical signal's profile parameters onto the communication network through the transceiver; and controlling the receiving of signals or communicating the output onto the communication network through a site controller.
60. The method of monitoring a communication network as claimed in Claim 59, wherein: controlling the site controller from a remote location to control the communication of the signal's profile parameters onto the communication network.
PCT/US1999/014301 1998-06-23 1999-06-23 Optical network monitor WO1999067609A1 (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU48306/99A AU4830699A (en) 1998-06-23 1999-06-23 Optical network monitor
US10/967,483 US7006765B2 (en) 1998-06-23 2004-10-18 Optical network monitor

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US9040798P 1998-06-23 1998-06-23
US60/090,407 1998-06-23

Related Child Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US09720532 A-371-Of-International 1999-06-23
US10/967,483 Division US7006765B2 (en) 1998-06-23 2004-10-18 Optical network monitor

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1999067609A1 WO1999067609A1 (en) 1999-12-29
WO1999067609B1 true WO1999067609B1 (en) 2000-03-23

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Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US7006765B2 (en)
AU (1) AU4830699A (en)
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US7006765B2 (en) 2006-02-28
AU4830699A (en) 2000-01-10
US20050078957A1 (en) 2005-04-14
WO1999067609A1 (en) 1999-12-29

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