WO1999067796A1 - Feed-through filter assembly - Google Patents
Feed-through filter assembly Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1999067796A1 WO1999067796A1 PCT/US1999/013496 US9913496W WO9967796A1 WO 1999067796 A1 WO1999067796 A1 WO 1999067796A1 US 9913496 W US9913496 W US 9913496W WO 9967796 A1 WO9967796 A1 WO 9967796A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- filter
- varistor
- set forth
- feed
- conductive mounting
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
- A61N1/18—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes
- A61N1/32—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents
- A61N1/36—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents for stimulation
- A61N1/372—Arrangements in connection with the implantation of stimulators
- A61N1/375—Constructional arrangements, e.g. casings
- A61N1/3752—Details of casing-lead connections
- A61N1/3754—Feedthroughs
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES OR LIGHT-SENSITIVE DEVICES, OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G4/00—Fixed capacitors; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G4/35—Feed-through capacitors or anti-noise capacitors
Definitions
- the present invention relates generally to feed-through filters utilized to separate unwanted interference from a signal path. More particularly, the invention relates to feed-through filters utilized in implantable medical devices, such as heart pacemakers and the like.
- Heart pacemakers and other implantable medical devices are constructed having an outer housing in which the necessary electronic components are contained.
- the outer housing must be formed of a material which is compatible to be placed inside the human body. It is also important to shield the electronics within the housing from external sources of electromagnetic interference (EMI). Titanium is often utilized to satisfy these dual requirements of shielding and biocompatability .
- EMI electromagnetic interference
- Titanium is often utilized to satisfy these dual requirements of shielding and biocompatability .
- At least one elongate lead will generally extend from the electronics within the outer housing to a desired location inside the body. While the outer housing may shield the internal electronics from direct EMI radiation, steps are also taken to inhibit transmission of EMI along the lead itself.
- selected capacitive and/or inductive components may be mounted on a circuit board along with the other internal electronics to provide EMI filtering.
- a feed-through filter may be provided at the location where the elongate lead passes through the outer housing. Such a feed- through filter is shown and described in U.S. Patent No. 4,
- pacemaker signals are relatively low voltage
- capacitors utilized in feed-through filtering arrangements must often be constructed to withstand relatively high voltage levels. This is to ensure that the capacitor does not become damaged if subjected to voltage transients, such as those caused by undesirable defibrillation pulses or the like.
- a capacitor having a higher voltage rating will be larger than a lower voltage capacitor of the same capacitance value.
- larger components are often considered to be undesirable.
- a feed-through filter comprising a conductive mounting element. At least one elongate terminal member is maintained in electrically insulated relation with respect to the conductive mounting element.
- a varistor structure defining a respective feedthrough hole through which the elongate terminal member extends, is supported by the conductive mounting element.
- the varistor structure has a plurality of first polarity plates interleaved with a plurality of second polarity plates. The first polarity plates are electrically connected to the elongate terminal member. Likewise, the second polarity plates are electrically connected to the conductive mounting element .
- a feed-through filter comprising a conductive canister. At least one elongate terminal member is maintained in electrically insulated and hermetically sealed relation with respect to the conductive canister.
- a discoidal varistor structure defining a respective feedthrough hole through which the elongate terminal member extends, is supported by the conductive mounting element.
- the varistor structure has at least one first polarity plate situated in respective opposition to at least one second polarity plate. The first polarity plate is electrically connected to the elongate terminal member. Likewise, the second polarity plate is electrically connected to the conductive canister. Still further objects of the present invention are achieved by a filtering arrangement for use in an implantable medical device.
- the arrangement comprises a conductive mounting element adapted to be connected to an outer shell of the implantable medical device in hermetically sealed relation therewith. At least one elongate terminal member is maintained in electrically insulated and hermetically sealed relation with respect to the conductive mounting element.
- a first filter structure operative to filter interference signals carried by the elongate terminal member above a predetermined threshold frequency as well as to provide voltage transient suppression, is supported by the conductive mounting element.
- a first polarity terminal of the first filter structure is electrically connected to the elongate terminal member.
- a second polarity terminal of the first filter structure is electrically connected to the conductive mounting element.
- the filtering arrangement further comprises a second filter structure having a first polarity terminal electrically connected to the elongate terminal member.
- the second filter structure is operative to filter interference signals carried by the elongate terminal member below the predetermined threshold frequency.
- the second filter structure may comprise a multilayer capacitor structure having a capacitor feedthrough hole through which the elongate terminal member extends.
- the multilayer capacitor structure may be mounted axially adjacent to the first filter structure.
- the multilayer capacitor structure may be mounted axially separated from the first filter structure.
- the second filter structure may comprise a surface mount capacitor.
- a feed-through filter comprising a conductive mounting plate.
- a plurality of elongate terminal members are maintained in electrically insulated relation with respect to the conductive mounting plate.
- a varistor array structure defining a plurality of feedthrough holes through which the elongate terminal members respectively extend, is supported by the conductive mounting plate.
- the varistor array structure includes a plurality of varistor devices associated with a respective one of the elongate terminal members. Each of the varistor devices has at least one first polarity plate electrically connected to the associated elongate terminal member. At least one second polarity plate is also provided, electrically connected to the conductive mounting plate.
- Figure 1 is a diagrammatic representation of an implantable medical device and associated leads
- Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of a feed- through filter assembly of the present invention as installed in an implantable medical device, further showing secondary filtering structures that may also be utilized;
- Figure 2A is a schematic diagram of the circuit arrangement illustrated in Figure 2 ;
- Figure 3 is a plan view taken along line 3-3 of Figure 2 ;
- Figure 4 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a feed-through filter device of the present invention having a single elongate terminal member
- Figure 5 is an enlarged cross-sectional view similar to Figure 4 but showing first and second filter structures maintained within a single conductive canister;
- Figure 6 is a perspective view of an alternative embodiment having a varistor array mounted to a header plate
- Figure 6A is a plan view of a single layer of the varistor array of Figure 6 showing first polarity plates associated with each of the terminal leads;
- Figure 6B is a plan view of a single layer of the varistor array of Figure 6 showing a common second polarity plate;
- Figure 7 is a perspective view similar to Figure 6 illustrating a capacitor array mounted to a conductive header without a peripheral wall
- Figure 8 is a perspective view similar to Figure 6 illustrating a capacitor array located on top of the varistor array
- Figure 9 is a partial cross-sectional view illustrating a further embodiment wherein individual discoidal varistors are situated about the respective terminal leads with a capacitor array located on top.
- FIG. 1 illustrates an implantable medical device 10 with which filtering arrangements of the present invention can be advantageously utilized.
- device 10 will typically include circuitry to monitor and maintain a desired pulse rate.
- the device may also include defibrillation circuitry within the same enclosure.
- the various electronic components are typically contained in an outer housing 12 suitably formed to provide both biocompatability and EMI shielding. Toward this end, housing 12 is often configured as a titanium shell.
- leads extend from within housing 12 to selected locations inside the human body.
- two of the leads are dedicated to heart pacing functions.
- the remaining two leads (collectively indicated at 16) provide defibrillation when required.
- a feed-through filter assembly 18 is positioned on housing 12 to separate unwanted interference picked up by the leads before it is passed to the internal electronics .
- filter assembly 18 includes a conductive canister 20 having a main canister portion 22 and a weld flange 24.
- canister 20 will be hermetically sealed to outer shell 12, typically by welding about flange 24.
- the various leads extend through canister 20 to the interior of housing 12.
- the leads such as leads 14a and 14b, are electrically insulated from canister 12.
- a disc 26 of nonconductive material such as glass or the like hermetically seals the leads in the desired nonconductive relation.
- a filter structure 28 is potted within the main canister portion 22 of conductive canister 20.
- the leads pass through respective holes defined in filter structure 28, and are electrically connected to a first polarity terminal of filter structure 28 along the inside surface of each hole.
- An opposite polarity terminal of filter structure 28 is electrically connected to conductive canister 20, and hence shell 12, along the inside surface of main canister portion 22.
- filter structure 28 is configured as a multilayer varistor device having a plurality of first polarity plates interleaved with a plurality of second polarity plates.
- a varistor made of a metal -oxide based ceramic may be utilized for this purpose.
- filter structure 28 will exhibit both capacitive and transient suppression characteristics.
- feed-through filter assembly 18 will provide protection from high voltage pulses, while simultaneously filtering undesirable EMI above a predetermined threshold frequency.
- EMI occurring at frequencies of approximately 100 MHZ and above can be effectively eliminated at filter assembly 18.
- secondary filtering components may be located within outer housing 12 of the implantable device.
- one or more of the elongate leads may have a respective discoidal capacitor 30 situated thereabout.
- One or more surface mount capacitors 32 may be utilized in addition to, or in lieu of, discoidal capacitor 30.
- these secondary filtering components may be conventionally mounted on a circuit board 34.
- Figure 2A shows the equivalent circuit realized along each elongate lead by the filtering arrangement of Figure 2. In this arrangement, spurious signals picked up by the lead will be effectively shunted to ground before reaching the internal electronics of the implantable device.
- undesirable high voltage pulses, as well as EMI above the predetermined threshold frequency, are shunted at filter assembly 28.
- Interference at lower frequencies may pass by filter assembly 28, but will be removed at the secondary filter (such as capacitor 30 and/or capacitor 32) .
- FIG. 4 illustrates an alternative feed- through filter assembly 36 having a single terminal member 38.
- the various elements of filter assembly 38 are retained and supported by a conductive canister 40.
- conductive canister 40 has a main canister portion 42 and a weld flange 44.
- a nonconductive disc 46 maintains terminal member 38 in electrically insulated and hermetically sealed relation with respect to conductive canister 40.
- a discoidal filter structure 48 is located inside of main canister portion 42.
- filter structure 28 will be a multilayer varistor structure having a plurality of first polarity plates 50 and a plurality of second polarity plates 52.
- the terminals of filter structure 48 are electrically connected to terminal member 38 and conductive canister 20, respectively.
- filter structure 48 is potted between layers 54 and 56 of a suitable polymeric material, such as a nonconductive epoxy. As indicated at 58 and 60, a conductive epoxy may be applied at the respective terminals of filter structure 48 to complete the desired electrical connections.
- FIG. 5 shows an alternative filter assembly 62 having many common elements with the embodiment shown in Figure 4.
- canister 40 contains both a discoidal varistor 64 and a discoidal multilayer capacitor 66.
- a layer 68 of epoxy may be located between the two filtering structures.
- varistor 64 provides both capacitive and transient suppression characteristics.
- Capacitor 66 is intended to provide only substantially linear characteristics.
- varistor 64 is preferably located "upstream" to shunt incoming voltage transients before reaching capacitor 66.
- capacitor 66 may desirably filter EMI at lower frequencies while advantageously having a relatively low voltage rating and small size.
- Conductive canisters have been described above for supporting elements of the filter assembly. It should be appreciated, however, that various subplate arrangements may also be used for this purpose. Depending on the requirements of a particular application, the filter structure may be surface mounted to the subplate, or contained within a wall integrally formed about the periphery of the subplate.
- Figure 6 illustrates one such embodiment, where a varistor array device 70 is mounted to a conductive header 72.
- Header 72 includes a bottom plate extending into a weld flange 74.
- a peripheral wall 76 extends up from the bottom plate to surround the varistor array 70, as shown.
- a plurality of terminal leads 78a- f supported in insulated relation with the bottom plate, extend through respective holes defined in varistor array 70. Individual glass discs may be used to support the respective terminal leads in the bottom plate, while desirably providing a hermetic seal.
- FIG. 6A illustrates a first polarity layer that may be employed in a multilayer composite structure.
- This layer comprises a ceramic varistor substrate 80 having a plurality of identical electrode plates 82a- f defined thereon. As can be seen, electrode plates 82a-f are electrically connected to respective terminal leads 78a-f.
- a second polarity layer of the composite multilayer structure is illustrated in Figure 6B.
- ceramic substrate 80 includes a single electrode plate 84 covering much of its surface.
- Plate 84 extends to the edge of substrate 80, permitting electrical connection with header 72 at the outer surface of array 70. Gaps are defined in electrode plate 84 about each of the terminal leads to prevent electrical connection therebetween.
- FIG 7 illustrates a further embodiment similar to that shown in Figure 6.
- varistor array 70' is surface mounted to a generally planar header 72 ' .
- the side surfaces of array 70' each include a "grounding tab" 85, i.e., metallized pickups, of the polarity opposite to the leads.
- Tabs 85 may be attached to the header plate by conductive epoxy or other suitable means.
- capacitor array device 86 is situated on top of varistor array 70. As described above with reference to other embodiments, capacitor array 86 functions to provide desired secondary filtering at lower frequencies. One skilled in the art will appreciate that various suitable techniques may be employed to electrically connect the common terminal of capacitor array 86 to header 72.
- Figure 9 illustrates a further alternative wherein individual varistors are associated with each of the terminal leads.
- discoidal varistors 88a-b are positioned about respective terminal leads 78a- b.
- a bead 90 of solder, conductive epoxy or other suitable conductive means is placed at the base of the respective discoidal varistors to provide electrical connection with header 72.
- capacitor array 86 may be located on top of the individual discoidal varistors to provide desired secondary filtering. In many embodiments, capacitor array 86 may fit within the confines of peripheral wall 76. The common terminal of array device 86 is electrically connected to peripheral wall 76 at 92.
- the present invention discloses various novel filtering arrangements such as may be utilized in an implantable medical device.
- the invention may permit the use of smaller filtering capacitors than have been used in the past.
- capacitors having a relatively high voltage rating may have been required in order to prevent damage caused by a voltage transient.
- the transient suppression characteristics of the present invention limit the voltage levels transmitted into the implantable device.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP99928684A EP1090402A4 (en) | 1998-06-24 | 1999-06-16 | Feed-through filter assembly |
AU45688/99A AU4568899A (en) | 1998-06-24 | 1999-06-16 | Feed-through filter assembly |
JP2000556381A JP2002519844A (en) | 1998-06-24 | 1999-06-16 | Feedthrough filter assembly |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US09/104,093 US5999398A (en) | 1998-06-24 | 1998-06-24 | Feed-through filter assembly having varistor and capacitor structure |
US09/104,093 | 1998-06-24 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1999067796A1 true WO1999067796A1 (en) | 1999-12-29 |
Family
ID=22298648
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US1999/013496 WO1999067796A1 (en) | 1998-06-24 | 1999-06-16 | Feed-through filter assembly |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5999398A (en) |
EP (1) | EP1090402A4 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2002519844A (en) |
AU (1) | AU4568899A (en) |
WO (1) | WO1999067796A1 (en) |
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US5369390A (en) * | 1993-03-23 | 1994-11-29 | Industrial Technology Research Institute | Multilayer ZnO varistor |
US5333095A (en) * | 1993-05-03 | 1994-07-26 | Maxwell Laboratories, Inc., Sierra Capacitor Filter Division | Feedthrough filter capacitor assembly for human implant |
US5735884A (en) * | 1994-10-04 | 1998-04-07 | Medtronic, Inc. | Filtered feedthrough assembly for implantable medical device |
WO1997012645A1 (en) * | 1995-10-03 | 1997-04-10 | Intermedics, Inc. | Feedthrough assembly with transient voltage suppressor and emi filter for implantable medical devices |
-
1998
- 1998-06-24 US US09/104,093 patent/US5999398A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1999
- 1999-06-16 WO PCT/US1999/013496 patent/WO1999067796A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1999-06-16 AU AU45688/99A patent/AU4568899A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1999-06-16 JP JP2000556381A patent/JP2002519844A/en active Pending
- 1999-06-16 EP EP99928684A patent/EP1090402A4/en not_active Withdrawn
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US4424551A (en) * | 1982-01-25 | 1984-01-03 | U.S. Capacitor Corporation | Highly-reliable feed through/filter capacitor and method for making same |
US4424551B1 (en) * | 1982-01-25 | 1991-06-11 | Highly-reliable feed through/filter capacitor and method for making same | |
US5751539A (en) * | 1996-04-30 | 1998-05-12 | Maxwell Laboratories, Inc. | EMI filter for human implantable heart defibrillators and pacemakers |
US5870273A (en) * | 1996-10-18 | 1999-02-09 | Tdk Corporation | Multi-functional multilayer device and method for making |
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7260434B1 (en) | 2004-09-23 | 2007-08-21 | Pacesetter, Inc. | Integrated 8-pole filtered feedthrough with backfill tube for implantable medical devices |
EP1977786A3 (en) * | 2007-04-03 | 2011-11-16 | Biotronik CRM Patent AG | A filtering assembly and a feedthrough assembly |
EP2535083A1 (en) * | 2007-04-03 | 2012-12-19 | Biotronik CRM Patent AG | A filtering assembly and a feedthrough assembly |
EP2408520A1 (en) * | 2009-03-19 | 2012-01-25 | Greatbatch Ltd. | Emi shielded conduit assembly for an active implantable medical device |
EP2408520A4 (en) * | 2009-03-19 | 2012-12-19 | Greatbatch Ltd | Emi shielded conduit assembly for an active implantable medical device |
GB2546568A (en) * | 2016-01-19 | 2017-07-26 | Mpe Ip Ltd | Varistors |
GB2546492A (en) * | 2016-01-19 | 2017-07-26 | Mpe Ip Ltd | Varistors |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1090402A1 (en) | 2001-04-11 |
AU4568899A (en) | 2000-01-10 |
US5999398A (en) | 1999-12-07 |
EP1090402A4 (en) | 2006-04-05 |
JP2002519844A (en) | 2002-07-02 |
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