WO2000016533A1 - Multimedia timeline modification in networked client/server systems - Google Patents
Multimedia timeline modification in networked client/server systems Download PDFInfo
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- WO2000016533A1 WO2000016533A1 PCT/US1999/021325 US9921325W WO0016533A1 WO 2000016533 A1 WO2000016533 A1 WO 2000016533A1 US 9921325 W US9921325 W US 9921325W WO 0016533 A1 WO0016533 A1 WO 0016533A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L65/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services for supporting real-time applications in data packet communication
- H04L65/1066—Session management
- H04L65/1101—Session protocols
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L65/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services for supporting real-time applications in data packet communication
- H04L65/60—Network streaming of media packets
- H04L65/61—Network streaming of media packets for supporting one-way streaming services, e.g. Internet radio
- H04L65/613—Network streaming of media packets for supporting one-way streaming services, e.g. Internet radio for the control of the source by the destination
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L65/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services for supporting real-time applications in data packet communication
- H04L65/60—Network streaming of media packets
- H04L65/75—Media network packet handling
- H04L65/752—Media network packet handling adapting media to network capabilities
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L65/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services for supporting real-time applications in data packet communication
- H04L65/60—Network streaming of media packets
- H04L65/75—Media network packet handling
- H04L65/764—Media network packet handling at the destination
Definitions
- This invention relates to networked client/server systems and to methods of streaming and rendering multimedia content in such systems
- Multimedia streaming the continuous delivery of synchronized media data like video, audio, text, and animatio — is a critical link in the digital multimedia revolution.
- streaming media is primarily about video and audio, but a richer, broader digital media era is emerging with a profound and growing impact on the Internet and digital broadcasting.
- Synchronized media means multiple media objects that share a common timeline.
- Video and audio are examples of synchronized media — each is a separate data stream with its own data structure, but the two data streams are played back in synchronization with each other.
- Virtually any media type can have a timeline. For example, an image object can change like an animated .gif file: text can change and move, and animation and digital effects happen over time. This concept of synchronizing multiple media types is gaining greater meaning and currency with the emergence of more sophisticated media composition frameworks implied by MPEG-4, Dynamic HTML, and other media playback environments.
- streaming is used to indicate that the data representing the various media types is provided over a network to a client computer on a real-time, as-needed basis, rather than being pre-delivered in its entirety before playback.
- client computer renders streaming data as it is received from a network server, rather than waiting for an entire "file" to be delivered.
- streaming multimedia enables a variety of informational content that was not previously available over the Internet or other computer networks. Live content is one significant example of such content.
- streaming multimedia audio, video, or audio/visual coverage of noteworthy events can be broadcast over the Internet as the events unfold.
- television and radio stations can transmit their live content over the Internet.
- Audio/visual presentations are very effective in certain situations.
- Audio/visual presentations are able to capture and convey many subtle factors that are not perceivable from paper-based documents. Even when the content is a spoken presentation, an audio/visual recording captures gestures, facial expressions, and various speech nuances that cannot be discerned from text or even from still photographs.
- streaming multimedia content compares favorably with textual content in most regards, one disadvantage is that it requires significant time for viewing. It cannot be “skimmed” like textual content. Thus, information consumers are forced to choose between the efficiency of the written word and the richness of the multimedia experience.
- the invention described below addresses this disadvantage of prior art streaming multimedia content, allowing more efficient multimedia perusal of streaming multimedia presentations than has previously been possible.
- the invention utilizes time-scale modification so that a user can vary the speed of streaming content without destroying its intelligibility.
- a user selects multimedia content from a menu presented at a network client computer.
- the user selects a speed factor, indicating the speed at which the multimedia should be rendered relative to its default speed.
- the network client contacts a network server and initiates a composite media stream from the server to the client.
- the client processes the individual media streams of the composite stream, altering their timelines in accordance with the user's speed designation. Time-scale modification techniques are used to alter audio streams to maintain their original pitch.
- timelines are altered at the server, before streaming to the client.
- the server either alters the timelines dynamically, as specific content is requested, or selects from a number of pre-stored media streams having pre-altered timelines.
- the invention includes methods of adapting to limited bandwidth situations by composing or selecting composite streams having differing degrees of quality, and/or by composing or selecting streams with timelines that are altered to closely correspond with whatever speed factor has been chosen.
- certain media streams such as audio streams
- take precedence over other streams such as video streams.
- the audio stream is sent with an unaltered timeline, at a rate sufficient to satisfy the consumption requirements of the client, given the current speed factor.
- the video is then degraded in quality to reduce its bandwidth, so that it can be streamed in whatever bandwidth is not require by the audio.
- Fig. 1 is a block diagram of a networked client/server system in accordance with the invention.
- Fig. 2 is a block diagram of a networked computer that can be used to implement either a server or a client in accordance with the invention. __
- Fig. 3 is a block diagram illustrating communications and rendering of a composite media stream in accordance with the invention.
- Fig. 4 is a flowchart illustrating methodological aspects of the invention.
- Fig. 5 is a diagrammatic illustration of a graphical user interface window having a time-scale-modification tool for changing a playback speed of streaming multimedia content according to one implementation.
- Fig. 6 is a diagrammatic illustration of a graphical user interface window having a time-scale-modification tool according to a second implementation.
- Fig. 7 is a diagrammatic illustration of a graphical user interface window having a time-scale-modification tool according to a third implementation.
- Fig. 8 is a block diagram illustrating one embodiment in which a plurality of timeline-altered media streams are stored at and provided from a server.
- Fig. 9 is a block diagram illustrating another embodiment in which a plurality of timeline-altered media streams are stored at and provided from a server.
- Fig. 10 is a block diagram illustrating yet another embodiment in which a plurality of timeline-altered media streams are stored at and provided from a server.
- Fig. 11 is a block diagram illustrating yet another embodiment in which a plurality of timeline-altered media streams are stored at and provided from a server.
- Fig. 1 shows a client/server network system and environment in accordance with the invention.
- the system includes a network server computer 10 and a plurality of network client computers 11.
- the computers communicate with each other over a data communications network.
- the communications network in Fig. 1 comprises a public network 12 such as the Internet.
- the data communications network might also include local-area networks and private wide- area networks.
- Server computer 10 has access to streaming media content in the form of different composite media streams. Some composite media streams might be stored as files in a database or other file storage system 13. Other composite media streams might be supplied to the server on a "live" basis from other data source components through dedicated communications channels or through the Internet itself.
- composite media stream describes synchronized streaming data that represents a segment of multimedia content.
- the composite media stream has a timeline that establishes the speed at which the content is rendered.
- the composite media stream can be rendered to produce a plurality of different types of user-perceivable media, including synchronized audio or sound, video graphics or motion pictures, animation, textual content, command script sequences, or other media types that convey time-varying information or content in a way that can be sensed and perceived by a human.
- a composite media stream comprises a plurality of individual media streams representing the multimedia content.
- Each of the individual media streams corresponds to and represents a different media type and each of the media streams can be rendered by a network client to produce a user-perceivable presentation using a particular presentation medium.
- the individual media streams have their own timelines, which are synchronized with each other so that the media streams can be rendered simultaneously for a coordinated multimedia presentation.
- ASF Advanced Streaming Format
- ASF provides benefits such as local and network playback, extensible media types, component download, scalable media types, prioritization of streams, multiple language support, environment independence, rich inter-stream relationships, and expandability. Further details about ASF are available from Microsoft Corporation of Redmond, Washington.
- an individual data stream contains a sequence of digital data units that are rendered individually, in sequence, to produce an image, sound, or some other stimuli that is perceived by a human to be continuously varying.
- an audio data stream comprises a sequence of sample values that are converted to a pitch and volume to produce continuously varying sound.
- a video data stream comprises a sequence of digitally-specified graphics frames that are rendered in sequence to produce a moving picture.
- the individual data streams of a composite media stream are interleaved in a single sequence of data packets.
- Various types of data compression might be used within a particular data format to reduce communications bandwidth requirements.
- the sequential data units (such as audio sample values or video frames) are associated with both delivery times and presentation times, relative to an arbitrary start time.
- the delivery time of a data unit indicates when the data unit should-be delivered to a rendering client.
- the presentation time indicates when the value should be actually rendered. Normally, the delivery time of a data unit precedes the presentation time.
- the presentation times determine the actual speed of playback. For data streams representing actual events or performances, the presentation times correspond to the relative times at which the data samples were actually recorded. The presentation times of the various different individual data streams are consistent with each other so that the streams remain coordinated and synchronized during playback.
- program modules include routines, programs, objects, components, data structures, etc. that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types.
- program modules may be located in both local and remote memory storage devices.
- Fig. 2 shows a general example of a computer 20 that can be used as a network node or host in accordance with the invention.
- Computer 20 is shown as an example of a computer that can perform the functions of either server computer
- Computer 20 includes one or more processors or processing units 21, a system memory 22, and a system bus 23 that couples various system components including the system memory to processors 21.
- the system bus 23 may be any of several types of bus structures including a memory bus or memory controller, a peripheral bus, and a local bus using any of a variety of bus architectures.
- the system memory includes read only memory (ROM) 24 and random access memory (RAM) 25.
- ROM read only memory
- RAM random access memory
- BIOS basic input/output system 26 containing the basic routines that help to transfer information between elements within server computer 20, such as during start-up, is stored in ROM 24.
- Computer 20 further includes a hard disk drive 27 for reading from and writing to a hard disk, not shown, a magnetic disk drive 28 for reading from or writing to a removable magnetic disk 29, and an optical disk drive 30 for reading from or writing to a removable optical disk 31 such as a CD ROM or other optical media.
- the hard disk drive 27, magnetic disk drive 28, and optical disk drive 30 are connected to the system bus 23 by an SCSI interface 32 or some other appropriate interface.
- the drives and their associated computer-readable media provide nonvolatile storage of computer readable instructions, data structures, program modules and other data for computer 20.
- a user may enter commands and information into computer 20 through input devices such as keyboard 40 and pointing device 42.
- Other input devices may include a microphone, joystick, game pad, satellite dish, scanner, or the like.
- These and other input devices are connected to the processing unit 21 through an interface 46 that is coupled to the system bus.
- a monitor 47 or other type of display device is also connected to the system bus 23 via an interface, such as a video adapter 48.
- personal computers typically include other peripheral output devices (not shown) such as speakers and printers.
- Computer 20 operates in a networked environment using logical connections to one or more remote computers, such as a remote computer 49.
- the remote computer 49 may be another personal computer, a server, a router, a network PC, a peer device or other common network node, and typically includes many or all of the elements described above relative to computer 20, although only a memory storage device 50 has been illustrated in Fig. 2.
- the logical connections depicted in Fig. 2 include a local area network (LAN) 51 and a wide area network (WAN) 52.
- LAN local area network
- WAN wide area network
- Such networking environments are commonplace in offices, enterprise- wide computer networks, intranets, and the Internet.
- remote computer 49 executes an Internet Web browser program such as the "Internet Explorer" Web browser manufactured and distributed by Microsoft
- computer 20 When used in a LAN networking environment, computer 20 is connected to the local network 51 through a network interface or adapter 53. When used in a WAN networking environment, computer 20 typically includes a modem 54_or other means for establishing communications over the wide area network 52, such as the Internet.
- the modem 54 which may be internal or external, is connected to the system bus 23 via a serial port interface 33.
- program modules depicted relative to the personal computer 20, or portions thereof may be stored in the remote memory storage device. It will be appreciated that the network connections shown are exemplary and other means of establishing a communications link between the computers may be used.
- the data processors of computer 20 are programmed by means of instructions stored at different times in the various computer-readable storage media of the computer.
- Programs and operating systems are typically distributed, for example, on floppy disks or CD-ROMs. From there, they are installed or loaded into the secondary memory of a computer. At execution, they are loaded at least partially into the computer's primary electronic memory.
- the invention described herein includes these and other various types of computer-readable storage media when such media contain instructions or programs for implementing the steps described below in conjunction with a microprocessor or other data processor.
- the invention also includes the computer itself when programmed according to the methods and techniques described below.
- certain sub-components of the computer may be programmed to perform the functions and steps described below. The invention includes such sub-components when they are programmed as described.
- the invention described herein includes data structures, described below, as embodied on various types of memory media.
- programs and other executable program components such as the operating system are illustrated herein as discrete blocks, although it is recognized that such programs and components reside at various times in different storage components of the computer, and are executed by the data processor(s) of the computer.
- a network system in accordance with the invention includes a network server 10 from which a plurality of composite media streams are available. In some cases, the composite media streams are actually stored by server 10. In other cases, server 10 obtains the composite media streams from other network sources or devices.
- the system also includes network clients 11. Generally, the network clients are responsive to user input to select or request identified composite media streams.
- server 10 streams the requested composite media stream to the network client in accordance with some known format such as ASF. The client renders the data streams to produce the multimedia content.
- a network client also accepts a speed designation from a human user.
- the speed designation is preferably a speed factor relative to the original or default playback speed of the selected multimedia stream.
- a speed factor of 1.2 indicates that the composite media stream is to be rendered at 1.2 times its original or default speed, thereby achieving time compression.
- a speed factor of 0.8 indicates that the composite media stream is to be rendered at 0.8 times its original or default speed, thereby achieving time expansion.
- the system modifies the timelines of the individual media streams of the composite media stream, while keeping the timelines synchronized with each other and while maintaining _the original pitch of any audio produced from audio streams.
- timeline modification is performed by the network client.
- the timeline modification can be performed at the network server, before the media streams are streamed to the network client.
- Timeline modification changes the timeline of the received data streams in accordance with the user speed designation to achieve either time compression or time expansion. With some types of media, such as video streams, this involves either omitting selected frames or modifying the presentation times of the individual data units or video frames.
- time- modification is more difficult — simply changing the presentation times would alter the pitch of the original audio and make it unintelligible. Accordingly, some type of audio processing technique is used to time-compress or time-expand audio streams, while maintaining the original pitch of the audio — thereby maintaining the intelligibility of the audio.
- audio time modification commonly referred to as “time-scale-modification,” most of which concentrate on removing redundant information from the speech signal. In a method referred to as sampling, short segments are dropped from the speech signal at regular intervals. Cross fading or smoothing between adjacent segments improves the resulting sound quality.
- synchronized overlap add method consists of shifting the beginning of a new speech segment over the end of the preceding segment to find the point of highest cross-correlation (i.e., maximum similarity).
- the overlapping frames are averaged, or smoothed together, as in the sampling method.
- Sampling with dichotic presentation is a variant of the sampling method that takes advantage of the auditory system's ability to integrate information from both ears. In improves on the sampling method by playing the standard sampled signal to one ear and the "discarded" material to the other ear. Intelligibility and compression increase under this dichotic presentation condition when compared with standard presentation techniques.
- pause removal When using this method, a speed processing algorithm attempts to identify and remove any pauses in a recording.
- the embodiments described herein implement linear time-scale modification, although non-linear time-scale modification techniques can also be utilized. More information regarding audio time modification is given in an article that appeared in the March, 1997, issue of "ACM Transactions on Computer- Human Interaction" (Volume 4, Number 1, pages 3-38) (1997).
- FIG. 3 illustrates an embodiment of the invention in which timeline modification is performed by network client 11.
- Network server 10 streams a composite media stream 101 to network client 11 (although not shown in Fig. 3, other communications also take place bi-directionally between server 10 and client 11, such as control-oriented communications).
- communications_of the media stream 101 there are various control communications between the server
- the composite media stream has a plurality of individual media streams as described above. For purposes of discussion, it is assumed in this example that the composite media stream has an audio stream and a video stream.
- Each media stream has a timeline, and the timelines of the individual streams are synchronized with each other so that the streams can be rendered in combination to produce coordinated multimedia content at the network client 11.
- the original timelines correspond to the original recording or rendition of the multimedia material, so that rendering the streams according to their timelines results in presentation speeds that closely match the speed of the original event or performance.
- the timelines preserve the original speed and pitch of the original audio content.
- the client computer has a demultiplexer component 104 that receives the composite media stream and that separates out the individual media streams from the composite format in which the data is streamed (such as ASF). This results in an audio stream 105 and a video media stream 106.
- the individual media streams are sent to and received by respective decoders 108 and 109 that perform in accordance with the particular data format being employed. For example, the decoders might perform data decompression.
- the decoded data streams are then sent to and received by time modification components: an audio timeline modification component 110 and a video timeline modification component 111. These components receive input from a human operator in the form of a speed designation as described above.
- the timeline modification components change the timelines of the received media streams in accordance with the user speed designation to achieve either linear time compression or linear time expansion.
- some types of media such as video streams
- some type of audio processing technique as the SOLA technique described above is used to time-compress or time-expand audio streams, while maintaining the original pitch of the audio and to also retain the intelligibility of the audio.
- the timeline modification components 110 and 111 produce individual media streams that are provided to and received by respective Tenderers 114 and 115.
- the rendering components render the streams in accordance with their modified timelines, as the streams continue to be streamed from the network server.
- timeline modification components 110 and 111 might be eliminated and their functions performed by decoders 108 and 109.
- the speed designation dictates the rate at which the network client consumes the composite data stream. Because of this, the client communicates the speed designation to the network server when requesting a particular composite media stream.
- the server responds by streaming the composite media stream at a rate that depends on or is proportional to the speed designation provided by the user. For example, for a speed factor of 2.0, the client consumes data at twice the normal rate. Accordingly, the server streams the composite media stream at twice its normal rate to meet the demands of the client.
- the user is allowed to change the speed designation during rendering of the composite media stream. In some cases, however, it may not be possible to change the playback speed without interrupting the playback momentarily. If this is the case, playback resumes as soon as possible, beginning at a point that shortly precedes the point at which playback was discontinued. Thus, there is some overlap in the presentation — when the presentation resumes, the overlap provides context for the new content that follows.
- Fig. 4 illustrates methodological aspects of the invention. Steps performed at network client 11 are shown on the left-hand side of the figure, while steps performed by network server 10 are shown on the right-hand side of the drawing.
- a step 130 comprises selecting multimedia content from the network server to be rendered at the network client.
- a user performs this selection from a menu of available content or via a URL (uniform resource locator) selection.
- the content will normally be represented by a single composite media stream.
- different media streams might be available for a particular content segment, varying perhaps in quality and in required bandwidth.
- the user is unaware of anything except the simple act of selecting a single topic or composite stream.
- a step 132 comprises accepting a speed designation from a human user. This step is independent of the previous step of selecting the content itself. Furthermore, the user can vary the speed designation at any time during presentation of the selected content, without having to re-select the content.
- a step 134 comprises requesting the selected content from the server at a speed which will satisfy the requirements of the user's speed designation.
- a step 136, performed by server 10, comprises identifying the particular composite media stream corresponding to the selected content.
- Step 138 comprises streaming the composite media stream to the client.
- the composite media stream has its original timeline, which does not necessarily result in the speed that the user has designated for playback.
- Step 140 performed by the client, comprises receiving the streaming content.
- Step 142 comprises modifying the timeline of the composite media stream in accordance with the speed designation provided by the user. As described above, this involves modifying the timelines of the individual media streams while maintaining their synchronization and intelligibility.
- Step 144 comprises rendering the composite media stream in accordance with its modified timeline.
- the functionality described above is exposed through an application program executed at network client 11 , referred to herein as a streaming multimedia player.
- the streaming multimedia player may be incorporated into the operating system or run as a separate, self-contained application. In either case, the streaming multimedia player operates in a graphical user interface windowing environment such as provided by the "Windows" brand of operating systems, available from Microsoft Corporation of Redmond, Washington..
- Fig. 5 shows one implementation of a graphical user interface window 200 for the multimedia player.
- This UI window 200 has a command bar 202, a media screen 204, shuttle controls 206, a volume control 208, and content information space 210.
- Command bar 202 lists familiar UI commands, such as "File”, "View”, and so forth.
- Media screen 204 is the region of the UI within which the multimedia content is rendered.
- the video is displayed on screen 204.
- screen 204 displays static or dynamic images representing the content.
- audio content for example, a dynamically changing frequency wave that represents an audio signal is displayed in media screen 204.
- Shuttle controls 206 enable the user to control play of the multimedia content.
- Shuttle controls 206 include multiple play buttons 212(1), 212(2), and 212(3), a stop button 214, a pause button 216, rewind buttons 218 and 220, and fast forward buttons 222 and 224.
- Play buttons 212(1)-212(3) are associated with different playback speeds of the multimedia content.
- play button 212(1) corresponds to a normal playback speed (i.e., "xl .O")
- play button 212(2) corresponds to a faster playback speed with a speed up factor of 25% (i.e., "xl.25”)
- play button 212(3) corresponds to an even faster playback speed with a speed up factor of 50% (i.e., "xl.50”).
- more or less than three buttons may be used (e.g., two, four, five, etc.) and may correspond to speeds both above and below the normalized speed of "xl.O”.
- the user can actuate one of the play buttons via a UI actuation mechanism, such as a pointer 226 or by tabbing to the desired play button and hitting the "enter" key.
- a UI actuation mechanism such as a pointer 226 or by tabbing to the desired play button and hitting the "enter" key.
- the multimedia player plays the multimedia content at the playback speed associated with the selected play button. For instance, if the user selects play button 212(2) with a 25% speedup factor, the multimedia player plays the content at a playback speed of 1.25 times the original or default playback speed.
- the user is free to select a new speed by actuating another of the play buttons 212(1)-212(3).
- the user decides to slow the content back to normal speed.
- the user can actuate the "xl.O" play button 212(1) to return the media content to the normal speed.
- the multimedia player is configured to repeat a portion of the multimedia content at the new speed.
- Content information space 210 lists information pertaining to the multimedia content being rendered on the media screen 204.
- the content information space includes the show name, author and copyright information, and tracking/timing data.
- Fig. 6 shows another implementation of a graphical user interface window
- UI 240 for the multimedia player. Like UI 200 of Fig. 5, UI 240 has command bar
- UI 240 has a scale mechanism 244 to vary the speed of the content during rendering.
- the scale mechanism has a range of playback speeds 246, which in this example range from 0.5x to 2.5x the normal speed.
- Scale mechanism 244 also has a movable slider 248 that is movable over the range 246. The user can position the slider 248 at the desired speed at which the multimedia player is to play the multimedia content.
- range 246 is a continuous range from a high playback speed (i.e., 2.5x) to a low playback speed (i.e., 0.5x). Slider 248 moves continuously over the range.
- range 246 is a discrete range of discrete playback speeds (e.g., 0.5x, l .Ox, 1.5x, 2. Ox, and 2.5x) and the slider is movable among the discrete playback speeds.
- Fig. 7 shows a third implementation of a graphical user interface window 260 for the multimedia player.
- UI 260 has a single play button 262 to initiate playback of the multimedia content.
- UI 260 also has a menu 264 associated with the play button.
- menu 264 is a drop-down or pull-down menu that opens beneath the play button in response to actuation of a tab 266 adjacent to the play button.
- menu 264 may be invoked by placing pointer 226 over play button 262 and right clicking a mouse button.
- Menu 264 lists multiple playback speeds from which a user can select.
- five playback speeds are listed: x ⁇ .5, x ⁇ .75, xl.O, xl.25, and xl.5.
- the user can select one of the listed speeds to instruct the multimedia player to play the multimedia content at a desired speed.
- the user can select a new speed after the content has begun playing by invoking the menu and selecting the new speed.
- the multimedia player repeats a portion of the multimedia content and begins playing at the new speed.
- the step of modifying the timeline of the requested multimedia content can be performed in the client as described above, in the server, or in both the client and server.
- a server might store a plurality of media streams having timelines modified by different factors.
- the server selects the version of the media stream whose timeline most closely accords with the speed designation set by the user. If the timeline does not exactly match the speed designation, the client can perform further timeline modification.
- Fig. 8 illustrates a more specific example.
- a server 300 stores multiple media streams 301 corresponding to specific multimedia content 302.
- the media streams are of different types, such as audio and video.
- audio streams are designated by the letter "A” and video streams are designated by the letter "V". Any combination of a single audio stream and a single video stream can be rendered to produce the multimedia content.
- the various individual data streams have timelines that are modified by different degrees. The speed factors are indicated in Fig. 8.
- the audio and corresponding video streams are organized as pairs, each pair forming a composite media stream having a timeline that has been modified by a factor of 0.5, 1.0, or 1.5.
- the client When a client 303 requests multimedia content from server 300, the client identifies both the content and the speed factor. In response, the server selects the audio and video streams that have timelines most closely approximating the identified speed factor, and combines those individual media streams to form the composite media stream. The resulting composite media stream is then sent to the client. When the timeline is accelerated, this saves bandwidth in comparison to sending an unaltered composite media stream having a higher streaming rate to meet the accelerated consumption demands of the client.
- the server can store composite media streams having different degrees of timeline modification and different degrees of quality. Generally, a media stream of a lower quality will consume less communications bandwidth than a media stream of a higher quality.
- the server determines the available bandwidth between the server and the client. It then selects a combination of individual media streams that provides the best quality while requiring no more than the available bandwidth.
- the client requests a new media stream that most closely corresponds to the requested speed. Playback is resumed in the new stream at the same point (relative to the subject content) at which it was discontinued in the old stream. Thus, the new stream is initiated at some intermediate point rather than at the beginning.
- oldtime is the presentation time in the first media stream at which the speed change is to occur
- oldfactor is the playback speed or factor of the old media stream
- newf actor is the playback speed or factor of the new media stream.
- Fig. 9 illustrates a further example utilizing this concept.
- a server 310 has stored a single audio stream 311 and multiple video streams 312, all corresponding to a single multimedia segment 313.
- the video streams different in quality and corresponding required bandwidth: low (lo), intermediate (med), and high (hi).
- the video streams all have a common, unmodified timeline.
- the server determines or notes both the speed factor designated by the user and the available bandwidth. It then selects the video stream that has best available quality while also requiring no more bandwidth (at the requested speed factor) than the difference between the available bandwidth and the bandwidth consumed by -the selected audio stream. Again, this allows the system to compensate for various available bandwidths.
- Fig. 10 shows another example, in which a server 320 has stored multiple audio streams 321 and multiple video streams 322, all corresponding to a single multimedia segment 323.
- the audio streams differ in the degree by which their timelines have been modified.
- the video streams differ in quality and corresponding required bandwidth: low (lo), intermediate (med), and high (hi).
- the video streams all have a common, unmodified timeline.
- the server determines or notes both the speed factor designated by the user and the available bandwidth. It then selects an audio stream that most closely accords with the specified speed factor. It then selects the video stream that has best available quality while also requiring no more bandwidth than the difference between the available bandwidth and the bandwidth consumed by the selected audio stream. Again, this allows the system to compensate for various available bandwidths.
- Fig. 11 illustrates yet another embodiment in which multiple media streams are stored at the server for use depending upon available bandwidth and upon the speed factor designated by the user.
- a server 330 stores a single audio stream 332 and a plurality of video streams 333, all corresponding to and representing the same multimedia content 331.
- the audio stream has an unaltered timeline.
- the video streams have different timelines and also vary by quality and corresponding bandwidth requirements. Specifically, in this example the video streams have timelines modified by factors of 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0.
- the audio stream For each speed factor, there is a "low" bandwidth video stream having a relatively low quality, and a "high" bandwidth video stream having a relatively high quality ⁇
- the audio stream utilizes a bandwidth of 16 Kbps (kilobits per second).
- the low bandwidth video streams require a bandwidth of 20 Kbps.
- the high bandwidth streams require a bandwidth of 40 Kbps.
- the server selects the low bandwidth video stream with the timeline modified by a factor of 2.0, and combines it with the audio stream to form a composite media stream for streaming to the client.
- the total required communications bandwidth is 52 Kbps, which is within the limits of the available bandwidth.
- this method of bandwidth utilization can be generalized to include other types of media streams.
- Each stream is assigned a priority. Audio will generally have a high priority.
- the high-priority streams are given priority when allocating bandwidth.
- the audio stream is streamed to the client at its full quality, while the video stream is reduced in quality to fit within the remaining bandwidth.
- a stream such as a video stream can sometimes be timeline- modified dynamically at the server without incurring significant overhead.
- the server can adjust the timeline and quality of the video stream dynamically to match the available bandwidth, eliminating the need to store multiple video streams at the server.
- an MPEG Motion Picture Expert Group
- One easy way to reduce bandwidth is to simply drop lower-level dependent frames from the video stream.
- the described methods provide efficient ways to accomplish timeline modification in a networked client/server environment.
- the invention provides a user with a degree of efficiency and convenience that has previously been unavailable.
- the user can browse or skim through streaming content, thereby reducing the time required to assimilate such content.
- the invention provides for efficient use of limited bandwidth, thereby maximizing the practical applications of the invention.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
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AU62511/99A AU6251199A (en) | 1998-09-15 | 1999-09-15 | Multimedia timeline modification in networked client/server systems |
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US09/153,664 US6622171B2 (en) | 1998-09-15 | 1998-09-15 | Multimedia timeline modification in networked client/server systems |
US09/153,664 | 1998-09-15 |
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WO2000016533A1 true WO2000016533A1 (en) | 2000-03-23 |
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PCT/US1999/021325 WO2000016533A1 (en) | 1998-09-15 | 1999-09-15 | Multimedia timeline modification in networked client/server systems |
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Also Published As
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US7734800B2 (en) | 2010-06-08 |
US7096271B1 (en) | 2006-08-22 |
US6622171B2 (en) | 2003-09-16 |
US20040039837A1 (en) | 2004-02-26 |
US20020038374A1 (en) | 2002-03-28 |
AU6251199A (en) | 2000-04-03 |
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