WO2000020528A1 - Anordnung auf basis von poly-(3,4-dioxythiophen)-derivaten, die mit protonen elektrochrom geschaltet werden - Google Patents
Anordnung auf basis von poly-(3,4-dioxythiophen)-derivaten, die mit protonen elektrochrom geschaltet werden Download PDFInfo
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- WO2000020528A1 WO2000020528A1 PCT/EP1999/007104 EP9907104W WO0020528A1 WO 2000020528 A1 WO2000020528 A1 WO 2000020528A1 EP 9907104 W EP9907104 W EP 9907104W WO 0020528 A1 WO0020528 A1 WO 0020528A1
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- electrochromic
- arrangements according
- electrochromic arrangements
- electrically conductive
- alkyloxy
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G61/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbon-to-carbon link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G61/12—Macromolecular compounds containing atoms other than carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G61/122—Macromolecular compounds containing atoms other than carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule derived from five- or six-membered heterocyclic compounds, other than imides
- C08G61/123—Macromolecular compounds containing atoms other than carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule derived from five- or six-membered heterocyclic compounds, other than imides derived from five-membered heterocyclic compounds
- C08G61/126—Macromolecular compounds containing atoms other than carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule derived from five- or six-membered heterocyclic compounds, other than imides derived from five-membered heterocyclic compounds with a five-membered ring containing one sulfur atom in the ring
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K9/00—Tenebrescent materials, i.e. materials for which the range of wavelengths for energy absorption is changed as a result of excitation by some form of energy
- C09K9/02—Organic tenebrescent materials
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/15—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on an electrochromic effect
- G02F1/1514—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on an electrochromic effect characterised by the electrochromic material, e.g. by the electrodeposited material
- G02F1/1516—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on an electrochromic effect characterised by the electrochromic material, e.g. by the electrodeposited material comprising organic material
- G02F1/15165—Polymers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/06—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of other non-metallic substances
- H01B1/12—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of other non-metallic substances organic substances
- H01B1/124—Intrinsically conductive polymers
- H01B1/127—Intrinsically conductive polymers comprising five-membered aromatic rings in the main chain, e.g. polypyrroles, polythiophenes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2211/00—Chemical nature of organic luminescent or tenebrescent compounds
- C09K2211/14—Macromolecular compounds
- C09K2211/1441—Heterocyclic
- C09K2211/1458—Heterocyclic containing sulfur as the only heteroatom
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2211/00—Chemical nature of organic luminescent or tenebrescent compounds
- C09K2211/14—Macromolecular compounds
- C09K2211/1441—Heterocyclic
- C09K2211/1491—Heterocyclic containing other combinations of heteroatoms
Definitions
- the present invention relates to electrochromic arrangements with controllable
- Electrochromic devices can therefore be used in a variety of ways. To summarize as examples:
- Vehicle glazing windshield panes or car sun roofs
- An electrochromic device is suitable as sun or glare protection in motor vehicles.
- Front, side and rear glazing or glass roofs can be included.
- the degree of darkening can be adjusted zone by zone and continuously to the needs of the driver, the position of the sun and the current driving situation. Integration into a computer-controlled control system is possible.
- a combination of an active element with a laminated glass unit is also possible, as is the application of a film system to the safety panes.
- the permeability of the panes can be controlled manually or automatically, resulting in effective glare protection when driving at night, automatic adjustment of the brightness level when entering and exiting tunnels and parking garages, and protection against burglary and theft of the parked vehicle by preventing view of it
- the interior of the car can be used. Excessive warming The interior in summer, especially when the vehicle is parked, can be prevented (cf. EP-A 0 272 428).
- electrochromic arrangements are suitable for darkening side windows and skylights of buildings, living rooms, work rooms or greenhouses as controllable sun protection (visible spectral range) and heat protection (IR range) as well as visual protection (visible spectral range).
- sun protection visible spectral range
- IR range heat protection
- visible spectral range visible spectral range
- glazing of bank counters or shop windows can be darkened at the push of a button. Glass doors can be made visible automatically when people approach to avoid injuries. The ability to create almost all colors also allows the glazing to be incorporated into the facade of a building.
- the energy consumption for large-scale control of window transparency is low, especially if the memory effect of the system can be used and energy is only used in the switchover phase.
- a combination with thermal insulation glazing (K-glass) is very well suited to ensure dynamic control of the sun's radiation through a window ("smart window").
- the system can also be powered by solar modules.
- a light-sensitive sensor can determine the degree of solar radiation and thus control the degree of light transmission.
- Electrochromic devices can be used for small display elements such as clock faces or measuring instruments, displays for a wide variety of applications and for large display elements such as traffic signs, advertising columns, displays at train stations, airfields or in parking guidance systems. It can also be used as a variable line boundary system (field boundaries, etc.) in sports halls.
- electrochromic systems In optics, the use of electrochromic systems is possible both in combination with glasses, lenses and filters from other optical devices, and as the only active component. It can also be used as cross-fade protection for optical detection systems.
- the system is also suitable as a controllable filter system for photographic processes.
- An electrochromic device can also be used as a dimmable mirror, e.g. B. in the automobile as an exterior or rear view mirror, which can be darkened by applying an electrical voltage and thus the glare from throwing of foreign vehicles is prevented (see, for example, US Pat. No. 3,280,702, US Pat. No. 4,902,108 (Gentex), EP-A 0 435 689, US Pat. No. 5,140,455).
- a disadvantage of systems according to the prior art is the color inhomogeneity after prolonged operation (segregation), in particular in the case of mirrors of large dimensions (eg truck mirrors). An increase in the viscosity of the solution system by adding polymeric thickeners is described (eg US Pat. No. 4,902,108).
- An electrochromic device can also be used as a variable filter element for modulating electromagnetic radiation in certain wavelength ranges.
- Electrochromic devices usually consist of a pair of glass or plastic panes, one of which is mirrored in the case of a mirror.
- a translucent, electrically conductive layer e.g. B. Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) coated.
- ITO Indium Tin Oxide
- a reducible and an oxidizable substance are used as a pair of redox substances. Both are colorless or only slightly colored. Under the influence of an electrical voltage, one substance is reduced, the other oxidizes, with at least one becoming colored. After the voltage is switched off, the two original redox substances re-form, with decolorization or color brightening occurring.
- inorganic electrochromic components such as. B. WO 3 , NiO or IrO 2 are also known and can be used as components in an electrochromic window (see, for example, US Pat. No. 5,657,149, Electronique International No. 276, 16 (1997)).
- inorganic electrochromic components can only be applied to the conductive substrate by vapor deposition, sputtering or by sol-gel technology. This leads to systems of this type becoming very expensive to manufacture.
- organic polymer component e.g. B. electrochromic systems based on the electrically conductive polymer polyaniline (PANI) and W0 3 have become known as complementary electrochromic materials (see, for example, BP Jelle, G. Hagen, J. Electrochem. Soc, Vol. 140, Nor. 12, 3560 (1993) ).
- the ITO or Sn0 2 layer (Counter electrode) is to serve as a complementary electrochromic component to substituted poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophenes) (US Pat. No. 5,187,608).
- the present invention relates to electrochromic arrangements in a layer structure, characterized in that one layer contains an electrically conductive, electrochromic polydioxythiophene, another layer contains an electrolyte containing a protonic acid (Bransted acid) and a further layer contains an ion store or a mixture of ion stores.
- the polydioxythiophenes are cationically charged and consist of structural units of the formula (I)
- a 1 and A 2 independently of one another represent optionally substituted (-CC) alkyl or together form optionally substituted (-CC) alkylene, and n represents an integer from 2 to 10,000, preferably 5 to 5,000,
- Preferred cationic polydioxythiophenes are composed of structural units of the formula
- R j and R 2 independently of one another for hydrogen, optionally substituted (C j - C ⁇ g) alkyl, preferably (C ⁇ -C ⁇ 0 ) -, in particular (C j -C 6 ) alkyl, (C 2 -
- R 3 R independently of one another for hydrogen, but not both at the same time, preferably with (CpC ⁇ 8 ) alkyl substituted with at least one sulfonate group (Ci-Cio) -, in particular (-C-C 6 ) alkyl, (C 2 -C 12 ) alkenyl, preferably (C 2 - C 8 ) alkenyl, (C 3 -C 7 ) cycloalkyl, preferably cyclopentyl , Cyclohexyl, (C 7 -C 15 ) aralkyl, preferably phenyl- (C r C 4 ) alkyl, (C 6 -C 10 ) aryl, preferably phenyl, naphthyl, (C ⁇ -C ⁇ 8 ) alkyloxy, preferably (-C-C ⁇ 0 ) - alkyloxy, for example methoxy, ethoxy, n- or iso-propoxy or (C 2 -
- n stands for a number from 2 to 10,000, preferably 5 to 5,000.
- the electrochromic device structure according to the invention very particularly preferably contains at least one electrically conductive, electrochromic cationic or neutral polydioxythiophene of the formulas (Ha) and / or (IIb)
- R 3 has the meaning given above
- n is an integer from 2 to 10,000, preferably 5 to 5,000.
- the anions of polymeric carboxylic acids such as polyacrylic acids, polymethacrylic acids, or polymaleic acids and polymeric sulfonic acids, such as polystyrene sulfonic acids and polyvinyl sulfonic acids, serve as polyanions.
- polycarbonic and sulfonic acids can also be copolymers of vinylcarbonic and vinylsulfonic acids with other polymerizable monomers, such as acrylic acid esters and styrene.
- the anion of the polystyrene sulfonic acid is particularly preferred as the counter ion.
- the molecular weight of the polyacids providing the polyanions is preferably 1000 to 2,000,000, particularly preferably 2,000 to 500,000.
- the polyacids or their alkali salts are commercially available, e.g. Polystyrene sulfonic acids and polyacrylic acids, or can be prepared by known processes (see e.g. Houben Weyl, Methods of Organic Chemistry, Vol. E 20 Macromolecular Substances, Part 2, (1987), pp. 1141 and f.).
- the polydioxythiophenes carry positive and negative charges in the structural unit.
- the polydioxythiophenes are obtained by oxidative polymerization. This gives them positive charges, which are not shown in the formulas, since their number and position cannot be properly determined.
- the present invention accordingly relates to an electrochromic device structure with electrically conductive poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) derivatives as cathodically coloring electrochromic polymers and suitable ion storage layers for protons.
- An electrolyte consisting of a cross-linked or uncross-linked Polymer, a protonic acid and a certain amount of a solvent are located between the electrochromic polymer layer and the ion storage layer.
- the schematic structure is shown in Fig. 1, principle I).
- 1,2 substrate 3,4: electrically conductive coating, one of which can act as a mirror
- electrochromic polymer e.g. PEDT / PSS
- ion storage layer 7 electrolyte with protonic acid (cross-linked or uncross-linked)
- the electrochromic polymer layer is transparent in the doped state. This can be converted into a colored form by electron absorption (reduction) on the cathode with increasing extinction in the visible range of the spectrum.
- the present invention therefore relates to a light-protected electrochromic
- Solid phase system containing at least one redox-active, electrically conductive polymer from the substance class of the poly (3,4-alkylenedioxythiophene) derivatives which may have been mixed with polystyrene sulfonate for processing from solution, or which carry a solution-imparting sulfonate group in a soap chain.
- This polymer layer is preferably applied from an aqueous solution, the solid, dry polymer film remaining on the substrate after evaporation of the solvent. However, it should also be able to be applied by screen printing.
- FTO fluorine-doped tin oxide
- K glass fluorine-doped tin oxide
- undoped tin oxide or a layer of finely divided
- the electrolyte contains at least one polymer (e.g. polyethylene oxide, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl piperidine), at least one protonic acid (e.g. phosphoric acid) and possibly a solvent.
- polymer e.g. polyethylene oxide, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl piperidine
- protonic acid e.g. phosphoric acid
- the present invention relates not only to use as an electrochromic device in buildings or architectural glazing and as vehicle glazing or sunroof, but also to use as a display element (display), as an electrochromic mirror (e.g. self-dimmable automobile rearview mirror) and also to use it in various optical elements.
- a display element display
- an electrochromic mirror e.g. self-dimmable automobile rearview mirror
- one of the two electrodes can consist of a vapor-deposited or electrochemically deposited metal coating, e.g. Aluminum, silver, copper, platinum, palladium, rhodium.
- the present invention also relates to a light-protected electrochromic system in which the color-providing electrochromic polymer compound simultaneously functions as its own electrode, so that only a conductive coating made of ITO, hall-doped tin oxide or a metal is required. (see Fig. 1, Principle II))
- electrochromic polymer 6 ion storage layer
- the electrochromic structure according to the invention is particularly preferably characterized in that a combination with a heat protection glass (commercially available for architectural glazing purposes) is explicitly used as a positive structure feature for energy-saving measures. of sun-drenched rooms is possible and can also be exposed to blazing sunlight. Further explicit electrodes made of a different material are therefore not necessary, since the heat protection layer limits the passage of the IR radiation and at the same time assumes the electrode function in the electrochromic structure due to the electrical conductivity.
- a heat protection glass commercially available for architectural glazing purposes
- the electrochromic structure according to the invention is also distinguished by the fact that the electrochromic layer can also absorb IR radiation in certain areas and thus can limit the heat transfer through the pane.
- the electrochromic layer structure according to the invention is suitable as part of an electrochromic device.
- the light-protected electrochromic layer structure according to the invention serves as a medium with variable transmission, i.e. under the influence of an electrical voltage, the
- the present invention accordingly furthermore relates to electrochromic devices containing a light-protected electrochromic device structure according to the invention.
- electrochromic devices are in architectural glazing and in transportation e.g. as a window pane, car sun roof, automobile rear view mirror, display or as an optical element, or as part of information display units such as instrument displays in vehicles of any kind. Use as a window in greenhouses is also possible.
- the electrochromic device is an electrochromic display device
- at least one of the two conductive layers or both are divided into electrically separate segments which are contacted individually.
- the two plates can be conductively coated and divided into segments.
- the segments can be separated, for example, by mechanical African removal of the conductive layer, for example by scratching, scratching, scraping or milling or by chemical means, for example by etching using, for example, a hydrochloric acid solution of FeCl 2 and SnCl 2 .
- This removal of the conductive layer can be locally controlled using masks, for example those made of photoresist.
- the electrically separated segments can also be produced by targeted, for example by means of masks, application, for example sputtering or printing, the conductive layer.
- the segments are contacted, for example, by means of fine strips of conductive material, with which the segment is electrically conductively connected to a contact on the edge of the electrochromic device.
- These fine contact strips can either consist of the same material as the conductive layer itself and can also be produced, for example, when it is divided into segments, as described above. However, they can also be made, for example, from other materials such as fine metallic conductors, for example from copper or silver, to improve the conductivity.
- a combination of metallic material and the material of the conductive coating is also possible.
- These metallic conductors can, for example, either be applied in fine wire form, for example glued on, or else be printed on. All of the techniques just described are generally known from the manufacture of liquid crystal displays (LCD).
- the displays according to the invention can be viewed in transmitted light or also reflectively via a mirror.
- the electrochromic device is an electrochromic window
- a fine mesh of metal can be vapor-deposited on one or both electrodes. This serves to improve the surface conductivity of the substrates and is large
- the light-protected electrochromic device structure according to the invention preferably contains at least one transparent, electrically conductive coating on a substrate (glass or plastic), consisting of indium tin oxide (In 2 O 3 : Sn0 2 (ITO)),
- Tin oxide SnO 2
- fluorine-doped zirconium oxide SnO 2 : F; FTO or "K-glass”, “heat protective glass ")
- antimony-doped tin oxide antimony-doped zinc oxide
- aluminum-doped zinc oxide aluminum-doped zinc oxide or a transparent metal film with a sufficiently thin layer thickness, for example silver coating (heat protection glass).
- conductive polymers such as optionally substituted polythienyls,
- Polypyrroles, polyanilines, polyactetylene or polythiophenes can be used.
- the actual electrochromic polymer is also preferably used as its own conductive electrode material instead of one of the above-mentioned conductive coatings.
- Indium-tin oxide (ln 2 0 3 : Sn0 2 (ITO)), tin oxide (Sn0 2 ), fluorine-doped tin oxide (SnO 2 : F; FTO, "K glass”, “heat protection glass”) are very particularly preferred. or a transparent silver coating with a sufficiently thin layer thickness (heat protection glass, eg ®PLANITHERM from Saint-Gobain or heat protection film).
- this conductive layer can also be used.
- Silver, aluminum, copper, platinum, palladium and rhodium are particularly preferably used here.
- the light-protected electrochromic structure according to the invention preferably contains a transparent electrolyte which can be regarded as a polymer electrolyte or polyelectrolyte and consists of the following components:
- Polymethyl methacrylate PMMA
- PEO polyethylene oxide
- PVA polyvinyl alcohol
- PVP polyvinylpiperidine
- PVP polystyrene sulfonic acid
- PolyVSA polyvinyl sulfonic acid
- PolyAMPS polyethylene sulfonic acid
- PAN polyacrylonitrile
- PAN poly (N, N-dimethylacrylamide)
- PEG polyethylene glycols
- PPG polypropylene glycols
- copolymers such as ethylene oxide-propylene oxide (EO / PO) copolymer or oxymethylene-bridged polyethylene oxides.
- Polyethers and polyethylene oxides, which can also be crosslinked, are particularly preferably used.
- Modified siloxanes from e.g. gamma-glycidylpropyltrimethoxysilane. These can also be variants modified by polypropylene oxide.
- the electrolytes can also contain organic and / or inorganic fillers or additives.
- the usual additives such as Thermal stabilizers, optical brighteners, flame retardants, flow aids, colorants, pigments, fillers or reinforcing materials, finely divided minerals, fibrous materials, chalk, quartz powder, glass, aluminum oxide, aluminum chloride and carbon fibers can be added in customary amounts.
- Spacers can e.g. of glass balls, polymer particles, silica gel or grains of sand with a defined size, if necessary.
- Preferred protonic acids are sulfonic acids, in particular trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, phosphoric acid or imidazole compounds.
- the protonic acids can be dissolved in electrolytes or immobilized in a polymer, for example polystyrene sulfonic acid.
- Phosphoric acid is very particularly preferred. Glass or various types of plastic are used as the substrate in the light-protected electrochromic structure according to the invention.
- transparent substrates of any kind are preferred.
- polyesters eg polyethylene terephthalate (PET)
- PEN polyethylene naphthalate
- Polycarbonate e.g. ®Makrolon, APEC-HT
- polysulfones polyimides
- polycycloolefins in question.
- the polymeric substrate can be used as a flexible film or as a thick plate.
- the substrate can also be curved so that the layer structure adapts to the shape of the base.
- a flexible plastic substrate can also be placed on various documents, e.g. curved glass, laminated or glued on.
- the plastic substrates can additionally be provided with barrier layers against water and oxygen.
- TiO x , SiO x on polyester for example polyethylene terephthalate, Du are preferred here
- the electrochromic structure according to the invention can be flexible in design
- Film system as a complete electrochromic composite system can be laminated or glued to the safety windows of cars. It can also be integrated into the cavity of a laminated glass system in the architectural glazing.
- the control mechanism of the electrochromic structure is based on the reversible electrochemical doping of the electrochromic polymer, which manifests itself in strong color changes, for example from colorless to blue.
- the structure is controlled with defined voltages.
- the reduction and oxidation processes in the electrochromic structure according to the invention generally take place by electron uptake or emission at the cathode or anode, a potential difference of 0.1 to 5 V, very particularly preferably 0.1 to 3 V, between the electrodes prevails.
- a potential difference of 0.1 to 5 V, very particularly preferably 0.1 to 3 V, between the electrodes prevails.
- the previously achieved coloring can be maintained for a longer time (memory effect), so that permanent coloring can be achieved with minimal energy consumption.
- a charge balance and thus decolorization can be achieved spontaneously.
- the electrochromic structure according to the invention is also characterized in the case of larger areas in that supply by means of solar modules is possible.
- a wetting agent eg fluorosurfactant
- fluorosurfactant can also be added for better wetting of the substrates.
- the polymer Baytron® P aqueous dispersion of the conductive polymer PEDT / PSS, polyethylene dioxythiophene polystyrene sulfonate from Bayer AG
- Nickel oxide hydrate on the conductive coated Sn0: F side from K glass (duration: 10 to 20 seconds).
- the slightly brownish-colored coating thus obtained is then annealed at 200 ° C. for 1 hour. This gives completely transparent nickel oxide layers which are suitable as ion storage layers in electrochromic arrangements.
- PEO polyethylene oxide
- the electrolyte from Example 3 is applied to the ion storage layer from Example 2 with a film thickness of 200 ⁇ m and brought into contact with the electrochromic PEDT / PSS layer from Example 1. After the cell edges have been glued together, a functional electrochromic cell is obtained.
- the cell from Example 4 is checked for its function by applying 2.5 V of a DC voltage source. By reversing the polarity of the voltage, both states (colored / decolored) can be demonstrated.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US09/806,692 US6507428B1 (en) | 1998-10-06 | 1999-09-23 | Arrangement based on poly-(3,4-dioxythiophene) derivatives which are electrochromically switched with protons |
AU61957/99A AU6195799A (en) | 1998-10-06 | 1999-09-23 | Arrangement based on poly-(3,4-dioxythiophene) derivatives which are electrochromically switched with protons |
KR1020017004284A KR100563889B1 (ko) | 1998-10-06 | 1999-09-23 | 양성자를 이용하여 전기변색적으로 전환되는폴리-(3,4-디옥시티오펜) 유도체를 기초로 하는 장치 |
JP2000574631A JP4759139B2 (ja) | 1998-10-06 | 1999-09-23 | プロトンによりエレクトロクロミック的に切り替わるポリ−(3,4−ジオキシチオフェン)誘導体に基く装置 |
DE59911206T DE59911206D1 (de) | 1998-10-06 | 1999-09-23 | Anordnung auf basis von poly-(3,4-dioxythiophen)-derivaten, die mit protonen elektrochrom geschaltet werden |
EP99948848A EP1129150B1 (de) | 1998-10-06 | 1999-09-23 | Anordnung auf basis von poly-(3,4-dioxythiophen)-derivaten, die mit protonen elektrochrom geschaltet werden |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19845881A DE19845881A1 (de) | 1998-10-06 | 1998-10-06 | Anordnung auf Basis von Poly-(3,4,-dioxythiophen)-Derivaten, die mit Protonen elektrochrom geschaltet werden |
DE19845881.9 | 1998-10-06 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2000020528A1 true WO2000020528A1 (de) | 2000-04-13 |
Family
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Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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PCT/EP1999/007104 WO2000020528A1 (de) | 1998-10-06 | 1999-09-23 | Anordnung auf basis von poly-(3,4-dioxythiophen)-derivaten, die mit protonen elektrochrom geschaltet werden |
Country Status (10)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US6507428B1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1129150B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP4759139B2 (de) |
KR (1) | KR100563889B1 (de) |
CN (1) | CN1196764C (de) |
AU (1) | AU6195799A (de) |
DE (2) | DE19845881A1 (de) |
MY (1) | MY121101A (de) |
TW (1) | TW486429B (de) |
WO (1) | WO2000020528A1 (de) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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EP1310823A1 (de) * | 2001-11-12 | 2003-05-14 | Webasto Systemkomponenten GmbH & Co. KG | Verfahren zum Herstellen eines lichtdurchlässigen Scheibenaufbaus für Fahrzeuge und lichtdurchlässiger Scheibenaufbau |
EP1347330A1 (de) * | 2000-12-27 | 2003-09-24 | Sony Corporation | Elektrochromisches anzeigebauelement und elektroablagerungsanzeigebauelement |
EP1239322B1 (de) * | 2001-03-07 | 2014-05-21 | Heraeus Precious Metals GmbH & Co. KG | Mehrschichtanordnung für elektro-optische Vorrichtungen |
Families Citing this family (29)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE59911206D1 (de) | 2005-01-05 |
EP1129150B1 (de) | 2004-12-01 |
DE19845881A1 (de) | 2000-04-13 |
TW486429B (en) | 2002-05-11 |
MY121101A (en) | 2005-12-30 |
US6507428B1 (en) | 2003-01-14 |
CN1196764C (zh) | 2005-04-13 |
JP2002526801A (ja) | 2002-08-20 |
CN1329652A (zh) | 2002-01-02 |
EP1129150A1 (de) | 2001-09-05 |
KR100563889B1 (ko) | 2006-03-24 |
JP4759139B2 (ja) | 2011-08-31 |
AU6195799A (en) | 2000-04-26 |
KR20010079993A (ko) | 2001-08-22 |
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